Freeway 1 Flipbook

to English

1 001_FREE1_MERCADO_FRONTS_abril2011.indd 1

3/31/11 2:50:00 PM

UNIT

2

Warming up

1

This is the summary of a text about the American educational system. Read the notes and tick the boxes comparing them with the Brazilian system.

Similarities

1 Schooling is compulsory for all children in the United States.

2 Education is the responsibility of state and local government.

3 The educational system is divided into three levels: elementary / primary education, secondary education and higher education (college or university).

4 5 6 7 8

American children start school at the age of five.

1 2 3 4

Primary school consists of five years of education.

5

Secondary school consists of seven years of education.

6

th

th

High school corresponds to grades 9 to 12 .

Students must have a high school diploma to enter college or university.

Differences

7 8

14

014_023_FREE1_MERCADO_U2.indd 14

05.07.10 09:28:23

2

The selection process for college or universities varies from country to country. What are the characteristics of the Brazilian and the American selection processes?

Write A for the American process, B for the Brazilian process and AB if it is true for both.

Compare your answers with a classmate.

A secondary school diploma or equivalent is required.

Candidates are selected according to scores in an entrance examination.

Extracurricular activities are considered.

Secondary school grades are considered.

A personal essay from the candidate is required.

The candidate is interviewed.

Results in standardized test scores, such as the SAT or ACT tests, are taken into consideration.

Some courses require specific skills tests or auditions.

3

Discuss the following questions with a classmate.

1 What process seems to be the fairest? Why? 2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of each process?

Brainstorming “Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school.”

Albert Einstein

15

014_023_FREE1_MERCADO_U2.indd 15

05.07.10 09:28:45

2 Reading and Learning

1

Read the letter below and check the item that best describes it. letter of complaint letter of recommendation personal letter White Chapel Community Center 45 Windsor Rd. Baltimore, Md 21205, US

The University of Reading tions School of Politics and International Rela Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AA, UK

th February 10 , 2010

Dear Sir or Madam: munity Center, I have had In 32 years as director of White Chapel Com young men and women, and the pleasure of working with many brilliant them .

Mr. Edward Schwank is certainly one of our academic community who Mr. Schwank is a dedicated member of support a number of our always finds the extra time and energy to ing his normal duties as a socially-oriented projects without overlook ed a consistent work ethic student in this college. He has demonstrat and communication skills and enthusiasm and used his motivation of our community. to be a role model for the younger members y to participate actively in the The fact that Mr. Schwank is always read y testifies to his potential as a day-to-day affairs at White Chapel certainl and International Relations at good candidate for the School of Politics Reading University.

Schwank for your graduate Therefore, I highly recommend Mr. Edward program .

Sincerely yours, Dr. Michael Stewart Director, White Chapel Community Center

2

Skim the text and answer the following questions.

1

Who wrote the letter? What does he do?

2

Who is being recommended?

3

Is this a formal letter or informal letter?

16

014_023_FREE1_MERCADO-abr2012.indd 16

4/20/12 10:22 AM

2

3

4

Number the following parts of the letter.

1 closing

4 recipient’s address

2 signature

5 date

3 sender’s address

6 introduction

Scan the text to answer the questions below.

1 How do Mr. Stewart and Mr. Schwank know each other?

2 What qualities does Mr. Stewart mention in his letter?

3 Do you think Edward Schwank would be a good candidate for the graduate program?

5

Discuss in groups.

An interesting part of the selection process in the US is that, in general, colleges and universities require recommendation letters from the candidates. Letters are not part of the Brazilian selection process. Why do you think that is?

Language in Use Cognates

1

Look at the following words. Which ones are similar to words in Portuguese?

letter reason ethic

director serve

program

2

contact

sincerely

dedication

center

incredible

devoted

community

discuss

success

brilliant

implement

motivation provide

member

destined

fault

communication donate

consistent candidate university

hours

demonstrate model recommendation

Using the glossary, check if these words have the same meaning in English and in Portuguese.

17

014_023_FREE1_MERCADO_U2.indd 17

03.07.10 11:24:09

2

3

Complete the sentences with one of the words that you have just found in the glossary.

1 My uncle will be a

6

Identify the false cognates in these sentences and replace them with a word from the box.

in

roll

the local election next year.

2 I have a

factory

currently

idea. Let’s all

go to the beach this weekend.

3 The Internet has made

intend

subtitles

tents

necklace

sandwich

date

happy

1 What a lovely collar you are wearing, Liz!

Where did you buy it?

a lot quicker these days, especially compared with 20 years ago.

2 I pretend to start working before I graduate.

4 Recent figures

how

family structure is changing in Brazil.

3 They are not contempt with their situation in the bank, so they will talk to the manager.

5 Gisele Bündchen has been the world’s top for a long time.

6 We will

4 I didn’t have time to eat a meal, so I just

you as soon as

had a lunch with cheese and tomatoes.

we have made our decision.

7 I wish you

in your new

5 My father works in Japan, in a fabric that

job.

8 The

produces cell phones.

I am writing to

6 I used to live in an apartment, but actually

you is because I will be in California next

I’m looking for a house.

week.

9 I work with a social

7 This is an important document, so don’t

enroll it up. Just put it in an envelope to

that helps people who are very sick.

10 My

is to stay at the big

hotel in the city center.

4

protect it.

8 I know it was sometime in November, but I can’t remember the exact data.

Is the underlined word in this sentence used properly? Why? I had many faults in school this year. I was very sick.

9 They speak English very well, so they don’t need to read the legends.

10 We went camping in the mountains last Sunday. I love to sleep in barracks!

What would be the correct word to use in this case? Use a dictionary if necessary.

I had many year. I was very sick.

in school this

Exercise 6 – collar = colarinho / pretend = fi ngir / contempt = falta de respeito / lunch = almoço / fabric = tecido actually = na verdade / enroll = matricular / data = dado / legends = lendas / barracks = alojamentos

5

Cognates and False Cognates There are many words in a foreign language that are similar – in form and meaning – to words in Portuguese.

They are called cognates. For example, restaurant (English) and restaurante (Portuguese).

There are also false cognates, words that look like other words we recognize, but have a different meaning: assist, for example. You watch TV, not “assist TV”.

18

014_023_FREE1_MERCADO_U2.indd 18

03.07.10 11:24:09

2 Listening and Speaking

1

Answer these questions based on the photo on the right.

1 Can they use a pen to mark the answer sheet?

2 Are there any calculators on the desks?

3 In which period of the day does the test take place?

2

Students in the photo are taking the SAT test.

What do you think SAT stands for?

Scholastic Aptitude Test Scholastic Academic Test

3 03

Two students are waiting to take their SAT tests. Listen to their conversation and check the correct answer.

4

Listen to the conversation again and answer these questions.

1 How much time do the students have to finish the test?

2 Can they eat during the test?

1 Who seems to be more prepared for the test?

Sue Derek

3 How many times can you take the SAT test?

2 How many times has Sue taken the test? three two

3 What was Sue’s last score?

1850 2400

4 The SAT maximum score is 2400 2500

5 What can’t students use in the test?

4 What are the things that colleges and universities consider when they are selecting students? Check the options that are mentioned in the conversation. high school record languages extracurricular activities family income recommendations interviews

pencil

writing ability

pen

parents’ education

6 How much time do students have to finish section one? twenty minutes thirty minutes

more about the SAT test at www.collegeboard.com/ student/testing/sat/about.html

19

014_023_FREE1_MERCADO_U2.indd 19

03.07.10 11:24:10

2

5

Think about the Brazilian selection process and discuss the following questions with a classmate.

1 Do you try to get as much information

3 Which of these extracurricular activities would

about an exam as possible before you take it? What are the advantages and disadvantages of doing so?

you choose? Why? � team sports

� individual athletic training

2 Foreign universities and colleges take into

� involvement in the arts

consideration the extracurricular activities students had when they were in high school. Why do you think they do that?

6

Read the transcript of the conversation from exercise 3 on page 130. Write the words or expressions you use to involve the person you are talking to or to give you time to think about what you want to say.

� community service

� taking part in school clubs and organizations

8

Read the conversation again and find sentences used to: Ask for explanation

1 2 3 4

9

5

7

Now match the expressions to their meanings.

These are used to continue (or introduce) a question or explanation.

This is used when we assume the person we are talking to knows what we are talking about.

This is used to correct information or add extra information.

This is used to explain what was said.

Imagine the following situation and talk to a classmate. Use the expressions in exercises 6 and 8.

Student A: You are taking a college entrance examination. You are a little nervous and decide to start a conversation with Student B to relax.

Student B: You are taking the college entrance examination for the second time.

Student A starts a conversation with you.

A: Hi... do you know how much time we have?

B: Well, I think we have ...

20

014_023_FREE1_MERCADO_U2.indd 20

03.07.10 11:24:12

2 Grammar in Use

1

Read these sentences and answer the questions.

3

Based on the examples below, answer true (T) or false (F).

I was a little late this morning.

I had the pleasure of working with many

My last score was 1850.

brilliant young men.

There were good qualities in Mr. Stewart’s letter.

I didn’t have time to eat a meal.

1 What is the past form of am?

Where did you buy it?

2 What is the past form of is?

We use the auxiliary verb did only in the negative and interrogative forms.

3 What is the past form of are?

2

When we use the auxiliary verb did, the main verb is used in the base form.

Complete the text with the past form of the verb to be.

To have is a regular verb.

a high school In 1972 I student at Swartz Creek. Back then, things very different. For instance, no computers (at least, there not for us, students) and no cell phones. always done by Homework hand, not printed. Research

usually done

difficult and it at the school library. Books the only source available to students.

more respected, Teachers and they respected us back. I rememb er one day when my friends and I worried about a math test and our music appreciation teacher, Mr. Beckowitz, volunteered to help us after class. the school system and teachers better then? I don’t know.

But I don’t see many teachers like Mr. Beckowitz around anymore.

In positive sentences, we use the past form had.

In affirmative sentences, there is only one form of the verb to have in the past.

4

Match the sentences to form meaningful dialogs.

1 She was late for work this morning.

2 I had my first yoga class this weekend.

3 I watched six movies yesterday!

4 The concert was cancelled!

5 We had to postpone our trip to the beach.

6 I left the party early on Saturday night.

We had everything planned, but our kids got chickenpox!

She had to work until late last night.

I think she overslept.

Yeah, the lead singer got sick, so they had to reschedule it.

You didn’t have to work, so you spent the day in front of the TV. Lucky you!

Did you have to meditate or chant a mantra?

I really didn’t enjoy it.

21

014_023_FREE1_MERCADO_U2.indd 21

03.07.10 11:24:14

2

5

In the sentence Mr. Schwank is always ready to participate actively in the day-to-day affairs..., which word expresses how often something happens?

9

Read these excerpts and match them to the rules for plurals in English.

1 Schooling is compulsory for all children in the United States.

2 Primary school consists of five years of

6

education.

3 Extracurricular activities are considered.

Circle the words that express the frequency in which something happens.

4 What are the pros and cons of such

1 Why do teachers always ask me if I have a

letters?

question?

5 ... prepare students for their professional

2 When does summer school usually start?

lives or...

3 Books often use Roman numerals.

6 ... with cheese and tomatoes.

4 A substitute teacher sometimes has to cover

7 What are the characteristics of the

for Mrs. Pollard.

Brazilian and the American selection processes?

5 In this career, people seldom use math.

6 His essays rarely have spelling mistakes.

7

The most common way to form the plural is to include the letter s at the end of the word.

Underline the verbs from the sentences in exercise 6 and answer the questions below.

For nouns ending in s, we add es.

(Also nouns ending in z, ch, sh and x.)

1 What tense are they in?

For some nouns ending in o, we just add an s, while others need an es.

Present Past

To form the plural of nouns ending in y, we eliminate the y and add ies if preceded by a consonant.

Future

2 Where is the difference between questions 1 and 2?

For words ending in f or fe, we eliminate the f or fe and add ves.

in the main verb (ask / start) in the auxiliary verb (do / does)

The plural form of some nouns is irregular, that is, they have different forms and do not follow a specific rule.

3 What does sentence 3 express? a habitual action an action happening only once

8

10

Complete the sentences with the Simple Present of the verbs from the box. study

arrive

start

1 Joan has a very big family. Her mother 2 Since it’s autumn, their front yard is full of

at 7 a.m.

2 You always

late for the

3 Bob, one of Joan’s brothers, is looking (company).

the

4 Unfortunately, he hasn’t received any

highest grades. But that’s because he

(call) yet.

enough. (negative)

4

you English class on Mondays?

(leaf).

for a job. He has sent his CV to many

interviews. This way you’ll never get a job.

3 Dan never

(child).

had seven

have (2x)

1 The test

Fill in the blanks with the plural form of the nouns in parentheses.

5 How many

(tomato) do you need for the salad?

22

014_023_FREE1_MERCADO_U2.indd 22

03.07.10 11:24:14

2

11

Rewrite these sentences in the plural form. Use the appropriate verb form.

1 A student was here earlier.

2 The school got a new stereo.

3 There is a church near this college.

4 The boy loves his family.

5 His wife is going to this university soon.

6 A child is in the room.

The plural of nouns in English may differ from the ones in Portuguese. The word information, for example, doesn’t have a plural form – it’s an uncountable noun.

12

Put the words from the box in the correct column. If you need help, check in the dictionary and see if the word is countable or uncountable. activities essay

advantage

furniture

performance

advice

government scores

Singular countable nouns

skill

auditions grades students

candidate happiness sugar

citizen levels

tests

Plural countable nouns

disadvantages love

years

money education

electricity

music

news

information

Singular uncountable nouns

23

014_023_FREE1_MERCADO_U2.indd 23

03.07.10 11:24:15

Project 1

Our Families: a class survey Conduct a survey in your classroom to find out about your parents’ academic background.

1

In groups, prepare a few questions to ask your classmates to fill in the chart below.

Folow the model.

A: Do your parents have a university degree?

B: No, only my mother has a university degree; my father has a high school diploma.

Number of students both parents have a university degree only one parent has a university degree both parents have a high school diploma only one parent has a high school diploma both parents have primary school certificate only one parent has a primary school certificate both parents are illiterate only one parent is illiterate

84

084_091_FREE1_MERCADO_PROJECT.indd 84

03.07.10 13:38:22

2

Now do the same as in exercise 1 to find out about your classmates’ plans for university.

A: What do you plan to study at university?

B: Oh, I’d like to study Biology.

A: Oh, I see, you like science, then.

Number of students humanities and arts administration and math science and technology

3

Work out the percentages, write a paragraph about your findings and draw a pie chart to illustrate them. Look at the example below.

A Class Survey 15%

15% of the parents have a high school diploma…

85

084_091_FREE1_MERCADO_PROJECT.indd 85

03.07.10 13:38:36

Have you heard?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Education

Historic University Building in Oxford City, England

The first university of the world was the University of Bologna, founded in 1088. It was followed by the University of Paris (1150), the University of Oxford (1167), the University of Palencia (1208), the University of Cambridge (1209), the University of Salamanca (1218), the University of Montpellier (1220), the University of Padua (1222), the University of Naples Federico II (1224), and the University of Toulouse (1229).

102

100_115_FREE1_MERCADO_HAVEYHEARD.indd 102

07.07.10 17:43:58

Tradition • The square academic cap (with a square black top and a tassel) and the gown are the customary uniform of a university graduate, in many parts of the world, based on a British model.

• It is a tradition to move the tassel from either side of head to the other during the graduation ceremony, as they symbolize the students’ hard work and mark the moment that the students are declared as the graduates. Another tradition is to throw all the hats up at the end of the ceremony.

The youngest

ive a The title of oldest person to ever rece Mu-he, from bachelor’s degree belongs to Chao an, who Taiw n the Nanhua University in souther osophy in received his master’s degree in Phil rd of reco the 2009 at the age of 96! He beat sas who Nola Ochs, a grandmother from Kan s State Hay Fort graduated at the age of 95 at University.

Chao Mu-he

The oldest

The Guinness Book recognizes Michael Kevin Kearney (Hawaii, USA) as the world’s youngest university graduate at the age of 10, after receiving a bachelor’s degree in Anthropology from the University of South Alabama.

103

100_115_FREE1_MERCADO_HAVEYHEARD.indd 103

05.07.10 09:16:22

Reading Strategies Skimming Skimming is a technique used to identify the main idea of the text. It can be used in several situations, such as:

to understand the main topic of the text To have an idea of the main topic of the text, read its first and last paragraphs. Generally, the first paragraph has the so-called topic sentence, which is a summary of what will be discussed in the text. The last paragraph, on its turn, presents its conclusion.

Reading those two paragraphs we can activate our previous knowledge on the topic and later use it to help us understand the whole text.

Read the first and the last paragraphs of the following text and see what it is about.

Imagine a book written in a secret language,

European and that it was written between the 15th

with mysterious drawings, and that remains

and 16th centuries. No other manuscript written in

undeciphered for at least four hundred

the same language has ever been found.

years. This book is the Voynich Manuscript, a

The script used is alphabetic, though this one

medieval manuscript which resists all efforts at

appears to have from nineteen to twenty-eight

translation and is, thus, considered “the Most

letters, with no relationship whatsoever to any

Mysterious Manuscript in the World”. It is either

European system. The text has no apparent

a brilliant hoax or an unbreakable cipher.

corrections.

The Voynich Manuscript got its name from its

Over its recorded existence, the manuscript

discoverer, Wilfrid M. Voynich, an American antique

has been the object of study by many well

book dealer and collector. The manuscript was

known cryptologists, including some top

found in 1912 among a collection of manuscripts

codebreakers of WWII fame. Despite their

in Frascati, near Rome. It is a small book, though

efforts, not a single word has been decrypted,

235 pages thick, and is abundantly illustrated with

which has consequently given weight to the

drawings of unidentified plants, recipes, charts

theory that the book is simply an elaborate but

and naked people in bathtubs and rubbish bins.

meaningless sequence of symbols – in other

Its origin is unknown, but scholars believe it to be

words, a hoax.

Based on www.world-mysteries.com/sar_13.htm. Accessed on July 28th, 2009.

We can conclude that the text will bring information on a book that is more than 400 years old and which no one has been able to decipher so far. The other paragraphs will certainly bring more detailed information, but we do not need to read all of them to grasp the general idea of the text.

to find out what the text is about, using keywords and the title When we read the title of a text (a newspaper headline, for instance) we can have an idea of its contents.

Generally speaking, titles are short and precisely identify the topic, as they bring keywords which convey the main idea. They can also express the critical view of the person who is writing about the topic.

Look at the headlines below. Do they refer to a common theme? If yes, what is it?

116

116_119_FREE1_MERCADO_READING.indd 116

03.07.10 14:37:51

Glossary enGlish – PortuGuese

A acknowledge, to: to recognize. reconhecer acquire, to: to gain. obter admission: access. acesso advertisement: images to persuade people to buy things. propaganda advice: recommendation. conselho affairs: personal business. assuntos pessoais afford, to: be able to pay. poder pagar afraid of, to be: to be scared. ter medo again: one more time. novamente age: the number of years you have lived. idade ago: past. atrás agree, to: to have the same opinion. concordar aim: objective. objetivo aim, to: to direct. dirigir / mirar aircraft: airplane. avião alike: similar. parecido allowed: permitted. permitido aloft: high. alto alone: by oneself. sozinho along the lines of: similar in type. de tipo similar also: too. também although: even though. embora always: all the time. sempre amazing: surprising. surpreendente among: in the midst of. entre amuse, to: to entertain. entreter ancestor: predecessor. ancestral ancestry: origin. raízes annoying: irritating. irritante anymore: from now on. daqui para frente appreciation: gratitude. gratidão

aptitude: talent. talento argument: disagreement. discussão argumentative: likely to argue. argumentativo article: a particular object. artigo ashamedly: with a feeling of shame. vergonhosamente asleep: sleeping. dormindo attach, to: put together. juntar attitude: the way a person thinks and behaves. atitude auditions: a trial performance. audição aunt: your parents’ sister. tia

B backache: a pain in the back. dor nas costas background: a person’s experience. experiência pessoal ballpoint pen: a pen that has a small metal ball that transfers ink. caneta esferográfica bathtub: open container for bathing. banheira battle: fight. batalha beach: the shore of a body of water. praia beautiful: good-looking. bonito become: to change and develop. tornar-se before: preceding something. antes beginning: start. começo behind: at the back of. atrás believe, to: to have faith. acreditar below: in a lower position. abaixo benefit, to: profit. lucrar best: top. melhor between: at a point intermediate to two other points. entre blade: the cutting edge of a knife. lâmina

blanket: a warm cover. manta blood: the red liquid running in our veins. sangue blow, to: to expel air from the mouth. assoprar boiled: cooked in hot water. fervido bold: brave. corajoso bone: structure that makes up the skeleton. osso bone marrow: the fatty tissue that fills the cavities of bones. medula óssea bony: thin. esquelético bore, to: to tire by being uninteresting. entediar bored: uninterested. entediado bottom: the lowest part. fundo box: a square container. caixa brainless: without a brain. sem cérebro brakes: equipment that makes something stop. freios breadwinner: provider. provedor breastbone: (sternum) the flat bone that joins the ribs and the collar bone. esterno breeze: a gentle wind. brisa brief: short. breve bright: shiny. brilhante brilliance: the state of being brilliant. brilho broad: wide, vast. largo, vasto broadband: operating on a wide band of frequencies. banda larga brochure: a small booklet. brochura broken: fractured. quebrado brother: a male having the same parents as another. irmão brother-in-law: one’s wife’s / husband’s brother. cunhado brushstroke: the marks made by a brush. pincelada burn, to: destroy by fire. queimar buy, to: to acquire by paying. comprar

C cabbage: a vegetable with a large head of green leaves. repolho candidate: a person competing for a job or position. candidato capability: ability. habilidade cartoon: a humorous drawing. desenho cast: a group of actors in a film or play. elenco catcher: somebody who reaps. apanhador cell: the smallest unit of an organism that is able to function independently. célula cellphone: a telephone independent of wires linked to a telephone system. telefone celular certain: definite. definitivo chair: a piece of furniture for people to sit on. cadeira challenge, to: to invite to take part in a contest. desafiar change, to: to make different. mudar chart: a graph, table or sheet of information. gráfico, mapa chemistry: the study of chemicals. química cherry: a small round soft fruit with red or blackish skin. cereja chickenpox: an infectious viral disease. catapora childless: without a child. sem filho children: plural of child. filhos, crianças chip: a micro chip. chip church: a building for Christian worship. igreja cipher: a code. cifra citizen: a person who lives in a country, city or town. cidadão city: a large town. cidade

120

120_129_FREE1_MERCADO_GLOSSARY.indd 120

03.07.10 14:58:15

Glossary title: the distinctive name of a book, film, record, etc. título today: the present day. hoje together: with each other as a group. juntos tongue: a movable mass of muscular tissue attached to the floor of the mouth. língua toothache: a pain in the tooth. dor de dente topic: a subject of a speech, book, etc. tópico touching: that makes you feel sad. comovente tough: strong, hard, difficult. forte, duro, difícil track: a path, a minor road. trilha traveler: a person who travels a lot. viajante tree: any large woody perennial plant with a distinct trunk. árvore trifle: a typically British dessert made of gelatine and biscuits. trifle (sobremesa típica britânica) trip: a journey to a place and back. viagem triptych: a set of three paintings or images, each on a separate leaf, but hinged together. tríptico true: in accordance with the truth or facts. verdadeiro truth: the quality of being true. verdade twist: a surprising redirection of a story. virada

type: a kind, class, or category of things. tipo type, to: to write using a keyboard. digitar typical: having or showing the usual characteristics. típico

U ugly: unattractive. feio uncle: a brother of one’s father or mother. tio undeciphered: not deciphered, in code. indecifrado undergrowth: dense, low, vegetation. pequenos arbustos underlined: emphasized, stressed. enfatizado, sublinhado understand, to: to know and comprehend the nature or meaning of. entender unexpected: unforeseen. inesperado unfriendly: not friendly. não amigável unhappy: not happy. infeliz unknown: not known. desconhecido unusual: not common. pouco comum, raro upset: emotionally or physically disturbed or distressed. chateado use, to: the act of using. usar

V values: worth in usefulness or importance to the possessor. valores verb: the part of speech that expresses existence, action, or occurrence in most languages. verbo versus: against. contra view: a sight, a look. vista

W wall: a vertical structure made of stone, brick, or wood. parede warm: having a moderate degree of heat. morno warmth: the state of being warm. calor wave: one of a sequence of ridges or undulations that moves across the surface of the sea or a lake. onda weak: not strong. fraco wear, to: put something on your body. usar weary: tired, exhausted. cansado weekend: the end of the week. fim de semana weight: a measure of the heaviness of an object. peso well: in a good manner. bem whatsoever: whatever. seja o que for wheat: a kind of grain used in making flour and pasta. trigo

which: used as a relative pronoun in a clause that provides additional information about the antecedent. o qual while: a period of time. enquanto whipped cream: cream that has been beaten until light and fluffy. chantilly whole: entire. inteiro why: for or because of which. por que widely: to a great degree. amplamente wife: the spouse of a husband. esposa wink: to close and open one eye quickly. piscar wise: knowledgeable, smart, worldly. sábio wish: a desire, longing. desejo woman: an adult female human. mulher word: the smallest single meaningful unit of speech. palavra work, to: labor. trabalhar worries: a state or feeling of anxiety. preocupações write, to: to draw (letters or other forms of script) on a surface. escrever

Y yearn, to: to desire. desejar yellowish: somewhat yellow. amarelado yesterday: the day before today. ontem

Portuguese – English

A abaixo: below abraço: hug acenar (com a cabeça): nod acesso: access; admission achar: find acreditar: believe açúcar: sugar adiar: postpone adolescente: teen (teenager) advogado: lawyer afiado (como agulha): needle-sharped

afilhada: goddaughter afilhado: godson agendou: scheduled agradável: pleasant ajoelhar-se: kneel ajudar: help alegoria: flourish alma: soul almoçar: have lunch alto: high, tall; aloft alugar: rent amarelado: yellowish amplamente: widely analfabeto: illiterate

ancestral: ancestor anel (de noivado): engagement ring antes: before ao invés de: instead (of) ao lado: beside; next to apanhador: catcher apoiar: support aprender: learn apresentar: present argumentativo: argumentative armação: hoax arranhar: scratch

arrojar-se: rush forward arroz: rice artigo: article árvore: tree assado: roasted assassinar: murder assim: thus assinatura: signature assoprar: blow assuntos pessoais: affairs astuto: crafty atirar: plonk; shoot atitude: attitude atrás: behind; ago

126

120_129_FREE1_MERCADO_GLOSSARY.indd 126

03.07.10 14:58:17