Editora: Gisele Aga 1a edição 2012
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Contents English-Speaking Countries
5
Quiz – How Much Do You Know about English-Speaking Countries?
6
English-Speaking Countries and Their Cultures
8
Brazil: Our Country
9
Unit 1 — Teen Matters • Reading: Family • Vocabulary in Use: words and expressions related to teen matters • Grammar in Use: Simple Present; adverbs of frequency • Reading: Emotions and Life • Language in Action • In the Job Market: Psychologist • Additional Practice
10 10 12 13 17 20 22 24
Unit 2 — The Earth – We Still Care!
26
• Reading: How Temperature Rise Occurs
26 28 29 33 36 38 40
• Vocabulary in Use: words and expressions related to global warming; suffix -ation • Grammar in Use: Present Continuous • Reading: We Can All Help Reduce Global Warming by Changing Some of Our Habits • Language in Action • In the Job Market: Environmental Professions • Additional Practice Further Practice 1 (Units 1 & 2)
42
Unit 3 — Technology – Progress and Achievements
46
• Reading: The Exploding Internet – 2008 • Vocabulary in Use: words and expressions related to cell phones and computers; suffix -er • Grammar in Use: Future with going to; imperatives; personal pronouns • Reading: Cars of the Future • Language in Action • In the Job Market: Digital Games Developer • Additional Practice Unit 4 — Different Eras, Different Idols • Reading: Tarsila do Amaral • Vocabulary in Use: transparent words • Grammar in Use: Simple Past • Reading: Get the Inside Scoop on Teen Vogue’s Cover Shoot with Zac Efron • Language in Action • In the Job Market: Drama Technician • Additional Practice Further Practice 2 (Units 3 & 4)
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46 48 49 53 55 58 60 62 62 64 65 69 72 74 76 78
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Unit 5 — Urban Tribes • Reading: Emos, Floggers, and Cumbieros • Vocabulary in Use: words and expressions related to urban tribes; Irregular Plural Forms • Grammar in Use: Past Continuous; possessive adjectives and pronouns • Reading: Walker Ryan, A Special Roller Skater • Language in Action • In the Job Market: Fashion-Design Technician • Additional Practice Unit 6 — The Future of Stem Cells • Reading: Health Problems that Might be Treated by Stem Cells • Vocabulary in Use: prefix -over • Grammar in Use: modal verbs • Reading: Pulling Stem Cells from Teeth • Language in Action • In the Job Market: Nursing Professions • Additional Practice
82 82 84 86 90 92 94 96 98 98 100 101 105 107 110 112
Further Practice 3 (Units 5 & 6)
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Unit 7 — A Melting Pot
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• Reading: Floating Markets; Kosovo; New Delhi, India • Vocabulary in Use: suffix -less • Grammar in Use: countable and uncountable nouns • Reading: London: Multicultural Capital of the World • Language in Action • In the Job Market: Tour Guide • Additional Practice Unit 8 — Globalization: Good or Bad? • Reading: What Is Globalization? • Vocabulary in Use: adjectives; synonyms; prepositions • Grammar in Use: comparison of adjectives • Reading: Globalization: Who’s Winning and Who’s Losing? • Language in Action • In the Job Market: English Teacher • Additional Practice Further Practice 4 (Units 7 & 8)
118 120 122 126 128 130 132 134 134 136 137 141 144 146 148 150
Supplementary Activities
154
Cross-Curricular Activities
170
Picture Dictionary
174
Appendices
182
Transcripts
189
Glossary
192
Irregular Verbs List
213
Referências bibliográficas
216
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002a009_Upgrade1_Iniciais.indd 5 MARKRHIGGINS / SHUTTERSTOCK
SIMON BRUTY / STAFF / GETTY IMAGES SPORT / GETTY IMAGES
RAFAEL GENTILE
SOUTH PHOTOGRAPHY / GALLO IMAGES / CONTRIBUTOR / HULTON ARCHIVE / GETTY IMAGES
EMIN KULIYEV / SHUTTERSTOCK
JAROSLAW GRUDZINSKI / SHUTTERSTOCK
NAJIN / SHUTTERSTOCK
English-Speaking Countries
5
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Quiz HOW MUCH DO YOU KNOW ABOUT ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES? 2 Dentre os países abaixo, qual não tem o inglês como língua oficial?
Quais são as línguas oficiais do Canadá?
a
Estados Unidos
a
inglês e francês
b
Guatemala
b
espanhol e francês
c
África do Sul
c
alemão e inglês
3 Qual é o país cuja capital é Camberra?
a
África do Sul
b
Canadá
c
Austrália
4
5 Libra é a moeda de qual país?
6
RAFAEL GENTILE
1
Quais países da Oceania têm como língua oficial o inglês?
a
Nova Zelândia
a
Canadá e Estados Unidos
b
Reino Unido
b
Reino Unido e África do Sul
c
Estados Unidos
c
Nova Zelândia e Austrália
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7 Qual é o esporte mais popular da nova zelândia?
a
Canadá.
a
natação
b
Jamaica.
b
polo aquático
c
Austrália.
c
rugby
8 Qual foi o país sede da Copa do Mundo em 2010?
a
Nova Zelândia
b
África do Sul
c
Índia
9
RAFAEL GENTILE
Toronto, Vancouver e Montreal são cidades do(a):
10 Qual das seguintes cores não está presente na bandeira canadense?
Peixe com batatas fritas e cachorro-quente são pratos típicos de quais países, respectivamente?
a
vermelho
a
Inglaterra e Estados Unidos
b
branco
b
Nova Zelândia e África do Sul
c
azul
c
Canadá e Estados Unidos
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JUPITER UNLIMITED / IMAGEPLUS
PETER KIRILLOV / SHUTTERSTOCK
COMSTOCK IMAGES / GETTY IMAGES
JUPITER UNLIMITED / IMAGEPLUS
JUPITER UNLIMITED / IMAGEPLUS
JUNE MARIE SOBRITO / SHUTTERSTOCK
English-Speaking Countries and Their Cultures
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The United States of america Capital: Washington, D.C. Currency: United States dollar Typical foods: hamburgers, hot dogs, fried chicken Most popular sports: American football, baseball, basketball, hockey Landmarks: Statue of Liberty, San Francisco Bridge, U.S. Capitol
Great Britain Capital: London Currency: pound sterling Typical foods: fish and chips, mashed potatoes, sausages Most popular sports: football, rugby, tennis Landmarks: Buckingham Palace, The London Eye, Big Ben
australia Capital: Canberra Currency: Australian dollar Typical foods: kangaroo fillets, meat pies with tomato sauce, sausage rolls Most popular sports: soccer, cricket, golf, swimming Landmarks: Opera House, Sydney Harbor Bridge, Great Barrier Reef
South africa Capital: Pretoria (Administrative), Cape Town (Legislative), Bloemfontein (Judiciary) Currency: rand Typical foods: boerewors (sausages), frikkadelle (meatballs) Most popular sports: soccer, rugby, cricket Landmarks: Table Mountain, Cape of Good Hope, Kruger National Park
Canada Capital: Ottawa Currency: Canadian dollar Typical foods: pancakes, maple syrup, broccoli soup Most popular sports: ice hockey, basketball, baseball Landmarks: CN Tower, Niagara Falls, Vancouver’s Stanley Park
new zealand Capital: Wellington Currency: New Zealand dollar Typical foods: fish and chips, lamb dishes, and a meringue-based dessert called Pavlova Most popular sports: rugby, cricket, soccer, softball Landmarks: Parnell Rose Gardens, One Tree Hill, Auckland Harbor Bridge
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Brazil: Our Country WILL WOODS / DIGITAL VISION / GETTY IMAGES
Brazil Capital:
Currency:
Typical foods: Most popular sports: Most popular kind(s) of dance:
AMAPÁ
AMAZONAS
PARÁ
MARANHÃO
PIAUÍ ACRE
CEARÁ
PARAÍBA PERNAMBUCO ALAGOAS
TOCANTINS
SERGIPE
RONDÔNIA
BAHIA
MATO GROSSO DISTRITO FEDERAL GOIÁS MINAS GERAIS MATO GROSSO DO SUL
N O
RIO GRANDE DO NORTE
SÃO PAULO
ESPÍRITO SANTO
RIO DE JANEIRO
ALESSANDRO PASSOS DA COSTA
RORAIMA
PARANÁ
L S 330 km
N
SANTA CATARINA RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Fonte: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, 2006.
City: State: Typical foods: Most popular sports:
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Most popular kinds of dance: Landmarks:
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2
The Earth – We Still Care! PRE READING Look at the photo and the headings. What is the text mainly about?
How Rise in Occurs
Global warming refers to an increase in the planet’s
average surface temperature. Natural and human causes have been suggested to explain this phenomenon. The rise in temperature of the past 50 years is most likely due to an enhanced greenhouse effect, caused by an increase in greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere.
Solar radiation passes through the atmosphere.
The Earth's surface absorbs most of the solar radiation, and the Earth warms up.
The other part is reflected back into the atmosphere.
THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT The Earth’s atmosphere traps part of the sun’s energy, keeping it at an average temperature of 13 oC (55.4 oF). Meanwhile the Earth’s surface and the clouds reflect the other part of this solar radiation in the form of heat. This natural phenomenon causes what we call the greenhouse effect and without it, there would be no life on Earth and in the oceans, at least not life with the current diversity and degree of complexity.
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Extracted from Learn about global warming. São Paulo: Moderna, 2007. p. 2.
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MARCO CANÇADO
Temperature
The increase in the emission of greenhouse effect gases forces these gases to get stuck in the atmosphere, forming a layer that gets thicker and thicker. It retains the heat of the sun, causing our planet to get warmer.
due to: devido a
most likely: muito provavelmente
enhanced: aumentado
rise: aumento
get stuck: prender-se
thicker: mais grossa
greenhouse effect: efeito estufa
traps: prende
layer: camada
warms up: aquece
meanwhile: enquanto isso
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unit 2
After Reading 1 Read the text on page 26 and write T (true) or F (false). a Global warming refers to an increase in the planet’s surface. (
)
b The most likely explanation for the rise in temperature of the past 50 years is an increase
in the greenhouse effect. (
)
c The average temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere is less than 60 ºF. (
)
d Without the greenhouse effect, there wouldn’t be life on Earth and in the oceans with the
same degree of complexity. (
)
e The greenhouse effect gases form a layer that gets thinner and thinner. (
)
2 Match the columns. (
a Global warming is…
of heat.
b The Earth’s atmosphere holds… c The Earth’s surface and clouds…
) reflect some of the solar radiation in the form
(
) part of the sun’s energy, keeping it at an average temperature of 13 ºC.
d Natural and human causes…
(
) contribute to the rise of global warming.
(
) an increase in the planet’s average temperature.
3 In which paragraph can you find the following information? a The causes of the rise of temperature b The average temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere c The importance of the greenhouse effect d The definition of global warming
4 Complete the statements below with the words in the box. Use the glossary if necessary. increase
average
surface
heat
degree
a The Antarctic Peninsula is warming five times faster than the
rate of global
warming. b In some areas, the combination of floods and
waves may cause an increase in
mosquito populations. c The Earth’s d The
absorbs most of the solar radiation. of pollutants in big cities is also causing temperatures to rise.
27
e During the past 100 years, the average temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere has gone up
1
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Fahrenheit.
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TIP
unit 2
5 According to the text, we can infer that: a (
) Global warming can’t be stopped.
b (
) The consequences of global warming affect all living things on the planet.
c (
) Because of global warming there are more and more warm days.
Saber fazer inferências, isto é, chegar a uma conclusão através de uma informação fornecida, torna-o um leitor mais competente.
Vocabulary in Use
Verb
Noun
Translation
concentrate
concentration
concentração
TIP
1 Read the tip and write new words. Translate the words. Use the glossary if necessary.
radiate explore plant deforest
O sufixo -ation pode ser acrescentado a verbos para formar um substantivo. Indica processo. Identificar sufixos, seu uso e a classificação das palavras formadas por eles ajuda no reconhecimento e na ampliação do vocabulário.
starve refrigerate page 182
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E landfill
F
Robert Rozbora / Shutterstock
D
wetland Louise Murray / Robert Harding / ImagePlus
forest fire Delfim Martins / Pulsar Imagens
deforestation
cattle farm
C
B
A
28
Jupiter unlimited / Imageplus
LatinContent / Getty Images
Daniel Beltra / Getty Images
2 Match the pictures to their definitions.
aerosol spray
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unit 2 (
) An area of land that is used for raising cattle.
(
) The process of cutting down or destroying trees.
(
) A liquid kept under pressure in a can or other container that you can force out in very small drops.
(
) Uncontrolled burning that destroys forests.
(
) A method of getting rid of trash by burying it in a large deep hole.
(
) An area of very wet, muddy land with wild plants growing on it.
Grammar in Use PRESENT CONTINUOUS FORMAÇÃO: VERBO TO BE NO PRESENTE + VERBO PRINCIPAL + ING The increase in the emission of greenhouse effect gases is forming a thick layer of these gases around the Earth.
Forma afirmativa
Acrescenta-se ing ao final da maioria dos verbos.
Forma negativa
She isn’t working today. She’s off.
Forma interrogativa
A: Are you watching the news? B: Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.
FORMAÇÃO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL: CASOS ESPECIAIS Nos verbos que terminam em consoante + e, elimina-se o e e acrescenta-se ing.
Nos verbos que terminam em consoante + vogal + consoante e que têm a última sílaba tônica, dobra-se a última consoante e acrescenta-se ing.
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live – living write – writing
put – putting
29
begin – beginning
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unit 2
USO O Present Continuous é utilizado para: • Descrever ações que acontecem no momento da fala. Geralmente acompanham advérbios de tempo como now, at the moment, etc.
• Expressar ações que estão ocorrendo por um determinado período ou nos dias atuais.
• Falar sobre ações que foram agendadas, planejadas ou confirmadas anteriormente.
• Alguns verbos em inglês não são utilizados com ing, tais como love, hate, like, prefer, remember, forget, understand, know, need, etc.
The teacher is talking about global warming now. Listen! They are playing the guitar.
This semester the students are reading up on the increase in the planet’s temperature. Most people around the world are changing some of their habits to save our planet. My classmates and I are visiting the planetarium on Monday. Mr. Johnson is coming to the office at noon. We know that we can all help reduce the threat of global warming. Do you understand how the rise in temperature occurs?
1 Look at the following paintings and answer the questions. Write short answers. gemÄldegalerie alte meister, dresden, alemanha
1.1
Raphael Sanzio, detalhe da pintura Sistine Madonna, 1512-1514, óleo sobre tela, 265 x 196 cm
30
a Are the angels flying in the painting? b Are they thinking about something? c Are they looking up?
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unit 2 COLEÇÃO PARTICULAR
1.2
Heitor dos Prazeres, Começo de Festa, 1964, óleo sobre tela, 40 x 60 cm
a Is the man dressed in white and wearing a hat playing a musical instrument? b Is the woman dressed in yellow dancing? c Are the two other women dancing too?
2 Your school is working on a recycling program in your neighborhood. Based on the agenda below, answer the questions a TV reporter is asking you. Feb 2nd
Teens put up flyers about global warming
Feb 3rd to 10th
Volunteers plant trees all over the neighborhood
Feb 11th to 15th
Parents organize recycling centers
Feb 16th
An engineer gives a lecture about pollution to the community
Feb 17th to 27th
The principal prepares a report about the program (the report is going to be sent to City Hall)
a Reporter: How are you teens contributing to the recycling program?
You:
b Reporter: What are the volunteers doing?
You:
c Reporter: When are parents organizing recycling centers?
You:
d Reporter: What is happening next?
You:
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e Reporter: Is anyone preparing a report about the program?
You:
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UNIT 2
3 Make sentences by putting the words in order. a studying / a lot / days / friends / are / I / My / these / and b not / children / now / playing / The / are / the / yard / in c the Parkers / leaving / New York / What time / are / ? d warmer / Our / effect / because / planet / is / the / greenhouse / of / getting e radiation / article / about / at the moment / are / The / reading / solar / an / students
4 Shola is a South African teenager. He is on vacation in Venice, Italy. Read and complete the
Dear Mom and Dad,
Hope you are fine. I
(have) a great
time here in Venice. I
(stay) at a
really nice hotel. I
RAFAEL GENTILE
REPRODUÇÃO
postcard he has written to his parents. Use the Present Continuous.
(enjoy) the fact
that Venice is free of cars. Every morning I wake up at 8 o’clock, have a big breakfast and go out to different places.
Old Pretoria Road
I never go to bed before ten.
Box 7853
Right now I
(try) some Italian home-
made ice cream. I’m sure you would love it. What about Gimbya? Is she
(enjoy)
being alone in our bedroom? she
Half way house 1685 Johannesburg South Africa
(study) for the finals? I hope (use – neg.) my stuff.
I miss you all. 32
Shola
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unit 2
We can all help reduce global warming by changing some of our habits.
WE CAN START
AT HOME:
1 Turn off the lights when you’re not in a room. 2 Replace incandescent light bulbs with fluorescent light bulbs. 3 Don’t leave the tap running while brushing your teeth or shaving. 4 Avoid long showers. 5 Buy in-season organic foods. 6 Cover the pan while cooking. You waste less energy and the cooking time is shorter. 7 Substitute your traditional electric oven for a microwave oven. 8 Turn off all electric equipment. Avoid leaving it on standby since
you’re using energy whenever the red or green light is on. 9 Install solar panels to heat water. 10 Don’t press the button of two elevators simultaneously. And if you are going up or down only one or two floors, use the stairway. 11 When buying a car, consider flexfuel models. Do regular check-ups on your car.
Each of us can make a big difference. ts, governmen Industries, to te bu ri nt s can co and citizen gases that of n tio uc e prod y reducing th se effect. B e greenhou our ng ki increase th in th re gether and t working to the curren can change habits, we e threat th ce du re d scenario an arming. of global w
illuStRation: Daniel bRito; aRt: maRco canÇaDo
Reading
12 Check car tires to make sure they are fully inflated. 13 Try carpooling. 14 Plant trees and buy certified wood furniture only. 15 Adopt the 3Rs: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. 16 Don’t burn trash and RECYCLE all trash that can be recycled.
Extracted from Learn about global warming. São Paulo: Moderna, 2007. p. 24-25.
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carpooling: transporte solidário
stairway: escada
changing: mudando
tap: torneira
in-season: da estação
tires: pneus
light bulbs: lâmpadas
trash: lixo
pan: panela
whenever: sempre que
replace: substitua
wood furniture: móveis de madeira
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unit 2
After Reading 1 Help these people protect the environment. Choose the most appropriate pieces of advice listed on page 33. Write their numbers in parentheses. You can use more than one number for each item. a Jane: I love cooking. I can spend hours preparing tasty dishes. (
)
b Steve: I have a brand-new car now. I want to drive for miles. (
)
c Albert: You can find electric equipment all over my house. (
)
d Tim and Leslie: We take out a lot of garbage every day. (
)
e Rachel: My kids have fun while they are brushing their teeth. It’s just like taking a bath.
(
)
2 Read the following extracts. “Turn off the lights when you’re not in a room.”
“Do regular check-ups on your car.”
In and on are prepositions. Prepositions are words or phrases that show places, time, directions, etc.
Fill in the following sentences with the prepositions in the box. Use the text on page 33 to help you. with for on up in
a It’s a good idea to substitute a new sound system b Dr. Ben’s office is on the third floor. Let’s go c Jane never leaves her computer d Mom likes to buy 34
e They are replacing the old windows
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our old one. . standby when she is not using it.
-season vegetables for the family. the big ones.
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blandrem quismod ea faccum delesto odolortie ming exeratem zzrillan euipit nummy nos do ent wisl ullam, sustrud ming eliquat alis nit verate feuguer sed tem veliquisci blan ulput verate moloborerat. 1 vulpute tueroszzrillan euipit nummy nos do ent wisl ullam, sustrud ming eliquat alis nitte feuguer sed tem veliquisci blan ulput verate moloborerat. 2 vulpute tueroszzrillan euipit nummy nos do ent wisl ullam, sustrud ming eliquat alis nit verate feuguer sed tem veliquisci blan ulput
unit 2
eafaccum delesto odolortie ming exeratem zzrillan elesto odeuipit nummy nos do ent wisl ullam, sustrud ming olortie ming eliquat alis nit verate feuguer sed tem veliquisci b zzrillan e
list a series of names, items, etc.,
especially when they are written or printed.
anDReza moReiRa
3 Read the following entry from a dictionary and do the activity.
elesto odolortie
eafaccum delesto odolortie ming exeratem zzrillan elesto euipit nummy nos do ent wisl ullam, sustrud ming odolortie eliquat alis nit verate feuguer sed tem veliquisci b ming
Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 7th edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. p. 897.
Go back to the list on page 33. What can you start doing at home today? Choose five items and list them below. Then add two new items at the end of the list.
My Tips
Rafael gentile
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
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unit 2
Language in Action 1 Listen to a teacher reading an extract from a reader about global warming to his students. Fill 4
in the gaps with the words in the box. melting floods rise glaciers reserves […] The rising temperatures are causing valley
to melt. These hold 9 percent
of the planet’s freshwater supply. Besides posing a threat to our water supply, the melting of valley glaciers causes serious problems such as landslides and
, threatening the lives of the people who
live in these areas. As a result, sea levels
and there is less water for human
consumption and use in agriculture. Continental glaciers in places like Antarctica and Greenland are also These glaciers hold another 70 percent of the planet’s freshwater
. . During the
summer, portions of melting glaciers break off and move slowly to the sea. Extracted from Learn about global warming. São Paulo: Moderna, 2007. p. 29.
2 Some people are taking part in an environmental project today. Two neighbors are talking about some of their actions. Read their dialogue. In pairs, make new dialogues. Use the cues given.
36
Tim Pannell / Corbis / Latinstock
MIXA / Alamy / Other Images
Tim Pannell / Corbis / Latinstock
5
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a the teens / recycle the garbage
A: What are the teens doing?
B: They are recycling the garbage.
b Sarah / plant trees
c some families / pick up trash
page 175
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unit 2
Writing Johnny’s mother’s attitude is not very positive. Look at the picture carefully. If you were the boy, what would you say?
Vicente menDonÇa
Consultando outras fontes filmes: Uma verdade inconveniente (EUA, 2006, documentário; direção: Al Gore) The Day after Tomorrow (EUA, 2004; direção: Holand Emmerich)
músicas: “Earth Song” (Michael Jackson) “What a Wonderful World” (Louis Armstrong) “Hey There” (Madonna)
livros: O aquecimento global (Publifolha; autor: Cláudio Ângelo) Terra sob pressão (Moderna; autor: Sérgio Túlio Caldas) Aquecimento global não dá rima com legal (Moderna; autor: Cesar Obeid)
sites: <http://www.nwf.org/globalwarming> <http://www.greenpeace.org>
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ART: RAFAEL GENTILE; PHOTOS: 1. JUPITER UNLIMITED / IMAGEPLUS; 2. DENIS VRUBLEVSKY / SHUTTERSTOCK
In the Job Market
Environmental Professions 1
One of the fastest ways to start a career in the environmental field is to become an Environmental Education Monitor. This professional is in charge of analyzing environmental problems and promoting campaigns to warn communities about conservation and preservation of the planet. Those wanting to achieve this vocational certification should take a 240hour course (4 to 5 months) at a vocational school. Those who want to pursue a higher level can extend their studies to become an Environmental Technician. Environmental Technicians carry out programs for conservation of natural resources and take actions to remedy environmental disruption, among many other duties. The length of the course varies from 800 to 1200 learning hours (18 to 24 months), depending on the school.
2
Environmental Technicians and Environmental Education Monitors usually work in public or private institutions, residue treatment plants, and environment conservation agencies. In both cases, you can go to high school and take the vocational course at the same time. Based on <http://catalogonct.mec.gov.br/et_ambiente_saude_seguranca/t_meio_ambiente.php>; <http://www.unitau.br/colegio-unitau/educacao-profissional/tecnico-em-meio-ambiente>; <http://education-portal.com/articles/Environmental_Technicians_Job_Duties_and_ Requirements_for_anEnvironmental_Technician_Career.html>. Accessed on December 16, 2009.
38
both: ambos
to achieve: atingir, conquistar
carry out: realizam
to pursue: dedicar-se a
disruption: transtorno, distúrbio
to warn: avisar, prevenir
is in charge of: é responsável por
varies: varia
plants: fábricas, indústrias
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unit 2 Para mais informações, acesse: <http://www.careerplanner.com/DOT-Job-Descriptions/ENVIRONMENTAL-ANALYST.cfm>; <http://www.centropaulasouza.sp.gov.br/Cursos/ETE/meio-ambiente.html>; <http://www.novorumo.com.br/pdf/meioambiente_perfil.pdf>.
1 Você gostaria de ser monitor em educação ambiental ou técnico em meio ambiente? Por quê? / Por que não?
A
glass thermometer
B
Pincasso / Shutterstock
gas detector
D optical microscope
C
Sabine Kappel / Shutterstock
Elena Schweitzer / Shutterstock
electronic compass
Amid / Shutterstock
sciencephotos / Alamy / Other Images
Peter zijlstra / Shutterstock
2 What are these objects used for? Match and find out.
E pH strip
F portable GPS
(
) obtains enlarged images of small objects by using visible light
(
) determines the level of acidity or alkalinity in a solution or substance
(
) determines directions relative to the Earth’s magnetic poles
(
) measures areas and locates sites
(
) reads temperatures
(
)v erifies the presence of gases within an area, such as combustible gases, as well as
39
oxygen and CO2
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Additional Practice
Choose the best alternative for the exercises below.
1 John usually whenever I something.
4 A: What
very hard. In fact, him, he
a (
) study, see, studying
b (
) studies, sees, studying
c (
) studies, sees, is studying
d (
) studies, see, is studying
e (
) study, see, is studying
2 A: Hi Joe. I can’t believe what I’ve just heard about the weather. Are you watching the news?
B:
A: It’s about the Earth’s atmosphere, just like our project. ) No, he isn’t
b (
) Yes, he is
c (
) No, I am not
d (
) No, she is not
e (
) Yes, she is
3 A: Hi Nick.
6
?
B: I’m not sure. I’m very tired and I might stay home. How about you?
A: I’m also staying home. a (
) What is it doing
b (
) Are you doing tonight
c (
) How are you doing
d (
) Do you do it
e (
) What are you doing tonight
40
026a041_Upgrade1_U2.indd 40
now?
my car.
a (
) do, do; am wash
b (
) are, do; washing
c (
) are, doing; am washing
d (
) do, doing; washing
e (
) are, do; wash
5 A: You know, Kevin, kids all over the world about environmental issues. Do you think we can help? What could we do?
. What’s it about?
a (
B: I
you
B: We a lot of things. For example, we are recycling our trash and we energy. a (
) is doing; is thinking, is saving
b (
) is thinking; is doing, is saving
c (
) are thinking; are doing, are saving
d (
) is thinking; are doing, is saving
e (
) are thinking; is doing, is saving
in the Amazon is proceeding at a rapid rate for various reasons, many of which depend on government decisions. a (
) Concentration
b (
) Refrigeration
c (
) Starvation
d (
) Deforestation
e (
) Radiation
7 The rise in observed during the past 50 years is best explained by the . a (
) temperature, greenhouse effect
b (
) heat, surface
c (
) heat, average
d (
) greenhouse effect, temperature
e (
) average, greenhouse effect
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unit 2 8 Saving the world is everyone’s job. We can the lights whenever possible, short showers, or the pan while cooking. a (
) turn on, cover, take
b (
) turn off, take, cover
c (
) reduce, take, reuse
d (
) take, reduce, reuse
e (
) turn off, reduce, reuse
9 A: I need to get to Dr. Smith’s office. Do you know where it is?
B: It’s easy. The building is just across the street, the corner. Dr. Smith’s office is the second floor. a (
) in, on
b (
) in, in
c (
) on, in
d (
) on, on
e (
) to, on
10 “[…] The heating or cooling of the Earth’s surface can cause changes in greenhouse gas concentrations. For example, when global temperatures become warmer, carbon dioxide is released from the oceans. When changes in the Earth’s orbit trigger a warm (or interglacial) period, increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide may amplify the warming by enhancing the greenhouse effect. […]” Extracted from <http://www.epa.gov/climatechange /science/pastcc.html>. Accessed on January 11, 2010.
The words in bold are: a (
) noun, adjective, noun
b (
) verb, noun, adjective
c (
) adjective, verb, noun
d (
) verb, adjective, noun
e (
) noun, verb, adjective
Refletindo sobre sua aprendizagem Ao final desta unidade, você já é capaz de: • Realizar leitura de imagens e relacioná-las à parte verbal do texto. • Fazer inferências como uma estratégia de leitura. • Reconhecer alguns substantivos formados pelo acréscimo do sufixo -ation aos verbos, produzir novos substantivos e relacioná-los aos seus significados. • Usar vocabulário referente a problemas e possíveis soluções para algumas causas e consequências do aquecimento global. • Usar a linguagem oral para colocar-se como agente transformador diante de uma situação-problema. • Reconhecer e produzir frases afirmativas, interrogativas e negativas no Present Continuous. • Identificar e selecionar a preposição adequada às diferentes situações comunicativas. • Reconhecer algumas características do gênero lista. • Perguntar e responder sobre ações em um projeto ambiental. • Produzir uma resposta para um cartum.
Aprimorando sua aprendizagem • Peça ajuda ao professor ou aos colegas para que esclareçam suas dúvidas. • Refaça os exercícios. • Visite a biblioteca da sua escola ou uma biblioteca pública e consulte livros de gramática e/ou faça leituras de seu interesse. • Assista a filmes em inglês.
026a041_Upgrade1_U2.indd 41
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Further Practice 1 Units 1 & 2
1 Peter and Mark are talking about their summer vacation. Read this website page and complete
File
Address
Edit
View
Favorites
Tools
Help
Go
http://www.discoveradventure.com/challenge.aspx?t=32
DISCOVER ture
Adven
PHILLIP / MINNIS / SHUTTERSTOCK
Home
About Us
Our Challenges
Links
RAFAEL GENTILE
the conversation using the Present Continuous.
E-mail: info@discoveradventure.com Tel: 01722 718444
Join us for the experience of a lifetime and support the charity of your choice! Before You Go
France / UK Activity:
Charities
Schools
Responsible Tourism
News
LONDON-TO-PARIS CYCLE Duration: 5 days
Grade: Moderate
Download Itinerary (PDF) / Request more information Cycling from London to Paris is one of the great cycle experiences in Europe. Passing through picturesque Kent countryside, we cross the Channel and continue through the small villages and medieval market towns of Northern France, passing the famous battlefields of the Somme and Agincourt. With long days in the saddle and some strenuous hill-climbs, the sight of the Eiffel Tower, our finishing point, will evoke a real sense of achievement.
JKITAN / SHUTTERSTOCK
Our last day in Paris allows us to explore the streets of Paris and soak up the romantic atmosphere of this majestic city! Guide itinerary: • Day 1: Cycle from London through Kent and North Downs to Dover; ferry to Calais. • Day 2: Quiet winding roads and old market towns to Arras. • Day 3: Follow undulating tree-lined roads to Compiegne, on the banks of the River Oise. • Day 4: Rural countryside and villages to outskirts of Paris; finish under Eiffel Tower. • Day 5: Free in Paris; return by Eurostar to London. This cycle is one of our Family Challenges – more info >> Read one cyclist’s account of her London to Paris Cycle, Emily travelled with us in 2008. • An experience to share with family and friends… what team work!
42 Start
Extracted from <http://www.discoveradventure.com/challenge.aspx?t=32>. Accessed on December 10, 2009.
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Peter: Where are you going on your summer vacation? Mark: Well, I
from London to Paris. My wife is coming with me.
Peter: That’s very exciting. How long are you going for? Mark: Peter: Are you crossing the channel by plane? Mark: No, Peter: Are you passing by the River Oise? Mark: Peter: Are you taking the ferry to come back as well? Mark: Peter: How nice. Well, this is definitely a different kind of trip, isn’t it?
2 Philip is a high school English teacher. He’s talking to his friend Ann about how he spends his lunchtime at school. Complete what he says using the verbs in the box. If there are words in parentheses, use them. have (3X) like eat bring say
Ann:
What
Philip: We
(you / usually) for lunch? (neg.) much time to eat and I
(neg.) to spend much money on lunch, so I usually
sandwiches
from home. Ann:
Do you ever eat lunch in the school cafeteria?
Philip: No, I hardly ever eat there, but my friend Tom always eats his lunch there and he
the food is pretty good. Ann: Philip: No. A lot of them
042a045_Upgrade1_further1_mar2013.indd 43
all the students
in the cafeteria?
43
lunch outdoors.
3/21/13 8:38 PM
3 Ask questions to the answers below. a A:
B: No, they don’t. My parents don’t like coffee.
b A:
B: No, I don’t. I go to bed early.
c A:
B: Yes, they do. My friends often go to the movies.
d A:
B: I do my homework every day.
4 Fill in the blanks with the Simple Present or the Present Continuous of the verbs in parentheses. a Listen! Albert’s cell phone
(ring). Funny, his cell phone rarely
(ring). b Look! The student
(raise) his hand. He
(want) to say something. c My Geography teacher
(erase) the board again. She always (erase) the board before we
(get) a chance
to take notes. d Oh, no! It
(rain) again, and I
(have – neg.)
my umbrella with me.
5 Find the mistake in each sentence. Write the letter of the mistake in the parentheses and make the necessary correction. a Allison (A) plays the violin in an orchestra and (B) sometimes (C) give private lessons.
b She (A) sometimes (B) is working in the morning and she (C) enjoys sleeping late. 44
c She (A) wears usually a black dress for concerts, but she (B) doesn’t have to wear a uniform.
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d She (A) drinks some coffee and she (B) always eats a sandwich before the concert (C) is
beginning.
e She (A) likes walking home, so she (B) seldom takes the bus. She never (C) is taking taxis.
RANDY GLASBERGEN
6 Leia o cartum e responda às seguintes perguntas, em português.
a Sobre o que é a conversa entre o pai e o filho?
b A que se refere a palavra that em “[...] we don’t know what that means”?
c Por que o pai pede ao filho para parar de usar blogs?
d Como você reagiria se fosse o rapaz do cartum? Justifique sua resposta e depois a
compartilhe com seus colegas.
e Por qual pronome (I, you, he, she, it, we ou they) podemos substituir a palavra that em
45
“[...] we don’t know what that means [...]”?
042a045_Upgrade1_further1.indd 45
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+
Supplementary Activities
Articles Em inglês, assim como em português, os artigos são classificados em definidos (definite article) e indefinidos (indefinite article).
6 É obrigatório o uso de the nas expressões com a palavra language. The English language / The Spanish language
Definite Article
7 Não se usa the antes de nomes próprios, com exceção de nomes de família. The Joneses / The Smiths / The Mary
The é o único artigo definido em inglês e significa o, a, os, as. Portanto, ele pode ser utilizado tanto no singular quanto no plural. Atenção para o seu uso:
1 De modo geral, não se usa o artigo antes de nomes de: cidade, estado, país e continente. Exceções: United, Kingdom, State, Union, Federation, Republic, Bahamas, Netherlands. Brazil is a big country. / It’s winter in Europe now. / He lives in the USA/in the United States of America. 2 É usado com nacionalidades para se referir a todas as pessoas de uma determinada nação. The Americans like bowling. / The French eat a lot of bread. 3 Normalmente é usado para especificar algo, alguém ou algum lugar. People (pessoas em geral) go to the beach on Sundays. / The people at the beach (um grupo específico de pessoas) had a good time. The rich (os ricos de forma geral) don’t have any difficulties. / The rich people of Brazil... (um grupo
9 Usa-se the para explicar algo mencionado anteriormente. Sarah married Fred Jones, the pastor. Indefinite Article Os artigos indefinidos a e an significam um ou uma. São usados antes de palavras no singular. Para diferenciar o seu uso, verificamos o som do início da palavra seguinte. Se ela começar com som de consoante, usamos a; se iniciar com som de vogal, utilizamos an. a car / an eraser Atenção para o seu uso:
1 Antes de palavras iniciadas com H pronunciado, usa-se a. Se o H não tiver som (mudo), usa-se an. a house, an honor, an hour
específico de ricos)
2 Antes de palavras iniciadas com U, EU e EW com som de /ju:/, usa-se a. a university, a European, a ewe
Pass me the salt, please. (específico, este saleiro. Mas, atenção: I don’t like salt on my salad.)
3 Antes de palavras iniciadas com one, usa-se a. a one-chapter book, a one-way street, a one-star hotel
4 Usa-se antes de nomes de instrumentos musicais precedidos do verbo play. play the flute / play the drums
4 Antes de palavras abreviadas nas quais a primeira consoante é vocalizada, usa-se an. an FM radio station, an MTV program, an X-ray
Mas, atenção: o mesmo não acontece com play seguido de nomes de esportes.
5 Antes de palavras iniciadas com Y (apesar de o som ser de vogal), usa-se a. a year
play tennis / play basketball 154
8 Usa-se the com superlativos. Susie is the prettiest girl in my class.
5 É obrigatório o uso de the antes de nomes de rios, montanhas, oceanos, desertos, do Sol, da Lua e da Terra (subs tantivos únicos da espécie). The Amazon River / The Alps / The Sahara / The Sun / The Moon
154a169_Upgrade1_activities.indd 154
6 Em sentenças com What (que) antes de substantivos contáveis no singular. What a funny guy! 7 Em sentenças com such a (tal, tais) para enfatizar algo. Mary has been such a good friend.
21/06/12 08:46
8 Para referir-se a profissões. Heather is a teacher. / Paul is an engineer. 9 Para identificar um item dentre vários. That’s a Van Gogh. (um dos quadros desse pintor)
d X – the – a – X e the – the – a – the 6 (ITA)
EXERCISES 1
principal of Elbert County Comprehensive High School is honest man!
a The – an b A – the c A – an
d The – the e The – a
2 Marque as alternativas gramaticalmente corretas. a I don’t eat the meat. b Is he an honest man? c Helen plays drums. d I’d like the cup of coffee, please. e Next year I am going to study in an European university.
a b c d e
English, but my mom prefers 8 I like to speak French language. a X – the d the – the b the – X e an – a c X – X
9
e The English is easy but the Hungarian language is difficult. 4
man in black was flirting with woman in woman’s husband didn’t like situation red. and he had argument with both of them.
a b c d e
X – X – The – the – an The – X – X – the – an The – the – The – the – an X – X – X – the – an A – a – A – the – an
price of petrol will 5 (UFRN) From midnight tonight have rise. rise is caused by the present high price of petrol in the Middle East. a X – a – the – a b the – a – The – X c the – a – the – a
154a169_Upgrade1_activities.indd 155
street,
a b c d e
b The South coast of the Spain is on the Mediterranean.
d Look! What dirty river.
The – the – X – X X – X – X – X X – X – X – the The – the – the – the The – the – the – X
Smiths took 7 (MACKENZIE – Adaptada) “ Amazon River on yellow hour-tour along yacht.” a ; the; ; an b ; the; a; a c The; an; ; an d The; the; ;a e The; an; the; a
3 Reescreva as sentenças corrigindo os erros. a The Earth goes around Sun.
c The Amazon is in the North region of the Brazil.
Brazil. United
States.
10 Para falar de qualquer membro de uma classe ou grupo. A teacher must like teaching. (qualquer professor) Zero article Quando um substantivo não é acompanhado de artigo, usamos a expressão zero article. Paris is beautiful in Winter. / Dogs are man’s best friends.
coffee is the national drink of Coca-Cola is the national drink of
year,
honest father, ewe, university, important message.
one-way hospital,
an, an, a, an, an, a, an a, an, a, an, a, a, an an, a, an, a, an, a, a a, an, an, an, a, a, a an, an, an, an, a, a, an
Mary’s brother doesn’t play soccer 10 (FMU) guitar and drums. but he plays a The – the – the – X b X – X – X – the c X – the – X – X d X – X – the – the e The – X – X – the
11 (MACKENZIE) There will always be a conflict between poor and rich. poor people want change, but rich people want same. things to stay a X – X – X – X – X – X – the b the – the – X – a – X – X – the c the – the – The – a – the – the – the d X – X – The – the – the – X – X e the – X – The – X – the – X – the 12
Elizabeth, girl you met last Sunday, is intelligent person.
a The – the – X b X – the – X c The – X – an
155
d X – the – an e X – a – an
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Cross-Curricular Activities
A Green Challenge Cross-Curricular Connections: Biology, Chemistry, Arts PHOTO: PRISM68 / SHUTTERSTOCK; ART: RAFAEL GENTILE
Read the text and do the activity below. The waste hierarchy refers to the 3Rs of reduce, reuse, and recycle, which classify waste management strategies according to their desirability. But what exactly do they mean?
Reduce is to extract the maximum practical benefits from products and to generate the minimum amount of waste.
RAFAEL GENTILE
Reuse is using an item more than once. This includes conventional reuse where the item is used again for the same function and new-life reuse where it is used for a new function.
Recycling involves processing used materials into new products in order to prevent waste of potentially useful materials.
Based on <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recycling>. Accessed on October 26, 2009.
In small groups: Think about the materials you can reuse. Exchange ideas with your teacher on how you can reuse them. Make a poster. Illustrate it with photos or drawings of reusable materials. Name them in English. 170
Write down ideas on how to reuse each material. You can write your ideas in Portuguese. Organize an exhibition with the help of your teacher. Invite other students at school to come and see the exhibition.
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An Artist You Admire Cross-Curricular Connections: Literature, Arts
Coleção Gilberto Chateaubriand, Museu de Arte Moderna, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Look at the photos and do the activity below.
FOLHA IMAGEM
Francesco Florian Steiner
Coleção Museu de Arte de São Paulo Assis Chateaubriand, São Paulo, Brasil
Anita Malfati, O Farol de Monhegan, 1915, óleo sobre tela, 46,5 x 61 cm
Candido Portinari, Retirantes, 1944, óleo sobre tela, 190 x 180 cm
In small groups: Choose one of the artists. Do research on this person’s life. You can use books, encyclopedias, or the internet. Write this person’s biography. Use this information: name, date and place of birth, family, important achievements, place of residence, date of death (if appropriate).
171
You can go back to page 62 and read Tarsila do Amaral’s biography to help you. Present your information to your classmates.
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Picture Dictionary
1
cousin
MilTon rodriGuES alVES
Family Members
daughter (me) / sister son / brother
cousin
uncle
mother
aunt
father
grandfather
grandmother
174
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2
VicEnTE MEndonĂ&#x2021;a
Reducing Global Warming
175
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Appendices
Unit 1 – Word Family Adjectives
Translation
Nouns
Translation
aggressive
agressivo
aggressiveness
agressividade
angry
aborrecido
anger
aborrecimento
anxious
ansioso
anxiety
ansiedade
cruel
cruel
cruelty
crueldade
curious
curioso
curiosity
curiosidade
depressed
depressivo
depression
depressão
envious
invejoso
envy
inveja
guilty
culpado
guilt
culpa
happy
feliz
happiness
felicidade
healthy
saudável
health
saúde
hysterical
eufórico
hysteria
euforia
jealous
enciumado
jealousy
ciúme
lonely
sozinho
loneliness
solidão
optimistic
otimista
optimism
otimismo
proud
orgulhoso
pride
orgulho
regretful
pesaroso
regret
pesar
sad
triste
sadness
tristeza
shy
tímido
shyness
timidez
stubborn
teimoso
stubbornness
teimosia
sure
certo
sureness
certeza
Unit 2 – SUFFIX -ation
182
Verbs
Nouns
abbreviate
abbreviation
celebrate
celebration
confirm
confirmation
convoke
convocation
cooperate
cooperation
decorate
decoration
dedicate
dedication
dictate
dictation
182a188_Upgrade1_appendice.indd 182
Translation
27/06/2012 02:27 PM
Transcripts
Unit 1. Track 2. page 20 A handshake is a short ritual in which two people grasp each other’s right or left hand, often accompanied by a brief up and down movement of the grasped hands. The hug is one of the most common human signs of love and affection. A kiss is the touching of one person’s lips to another place, which is used as an expression of affection, respect, greeting, farewell, good luck, and romantic affection. The act known as Eskimo kissing in modern western culture is loosely based on a traditional Inuit greeting called a kunik. A high five is a celebratory gesture made by two people, each raising one hand to slap the raised hand of the other.
Unit 2. Track 4. page 36 […] The rising temperatures are causing valley glaciers to melt. These hold 9 percent of the planet’s freshwater supply. Besides posing a threat to our water supply, the melting of valley glaciers causes serious problems such as landslides and floods, threatening the lives of the people who live in these areas. As a result, sea levels rise and there is less water for human consumption and use in agriculture. Continental glaciers in places like Antarctica and Greenland are also melting. These glaciers hold another 70 percent of the planet’s freshwater reserves. During the summer, portions of melting glaciers break off and move slowly to the sea.
Unit 3. Track 6. page 55 […] Each day, annoying ring tones interfere with classroom instruction, people’s enjoyment of the Arts, and a host of other activities. While some kids find this amusing or entertaining, it’s not funny at all for most of the people around them. […] Some people – not just kids – instinctively reach to answer a cell phone each time it
189
rings. They may be in an important meeting or an intimate gathering with friends or loved ones, yet the very moment their cell phone rings they completely lose their manners and answer without giving it a second thought.
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Glossary
agriculture
A
airport
aeroporto
a bit more um pouco mais
alcoholic
alcoólico(a)
a few alguns(mas)
alkalinity
alcalinidade
a host of inúmeros(as)
all
a lot muito(a)
all day long o dia todo
a lot more muito mais
all over the world em todo o mundo
a lot of muito(s), muita(s)
alone
a week por semana
already
ability
also
habilidade
about
sobre; por volta de
tudo; todos
sozinho(a) já
também
alternative
abroad
fora do país
although
absorb
absorver
always
sempre
American
achieve
among
alcançar realização
alternativa embora
according to de acordo com achievement
norte-americano(a)
entre (mais de duas coisas ou duas
pessoas)
acidity
acidez
amphibious
across
do outro lado; de um lado a outro
amusement park parque de diversão
anfíbio(a)
acrostic acróstico
and
action
angel
anjo
angry
aborrecido(a)
ação
activity
atividade
e
annually
anualmente
add adicionar
annoying
irritante
adjective
adjetivo
anonymity
advanced
avançado(a)
another
actor
192
agricultura
ator
anonimato
outro(a)
advice
conselho
answer
responder; resposta
aerosol
aerossol
anxiety
ansiedade
anxious
ansioso(a)
affect
afetar
after
após
any
again
novamente
anymore não mais
agree concordar
192a212_Upgrade1_glossary.indd 192
algum(ns), alguma(s)
anyone
alguém
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Irregular Verbs List
Infinitive
Past
Past Participle
Translation
be
was/were
been
ser, estar
become
became
become
tornar-se, passar a ser
begin
began
begun
comeรงar, iniciar
bend
bent
bent
curvar-se; inclinar
bet
bet
bet
bind
bound
bound
bleed
bled
bled
blow
blew
blown
break
broke
broken
apostar ligar; encadernar; contratar sangrar soprar; tocar (instrumento de sopro) quebrar, partir
bring
brought
brought
trazer
build
built
built
construir
burst
burst
burst
explodir
buy
bought
bought
comprar
catch
caught
caught
pegar, apanhar, agarrar
choose
chose
chosen
escolher, selecionar
come
came
come
vir
cost
cost
cost
custar
creep
crept
crept
rastejar; arrastar-se
cut
cut
cut
cortar
dig
dug
dug
cavar
do
did
done
fazer
draw
drew
drawn
desenhar
drink
drank
drunk
beber
drive
drove
driven
dirigir
eat
ate
eaten
comer
fall
fell
fallen
cair
feed
fed
fed
alimentar(-se); suprir
feel
felt
felt
sentir
fight
fought
fought
lutar; brigar
find
found
found
achar, encontrar
flee
fled
fled
fugir de; escapar
fly
flew
flown
voar
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213
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