THE SEE THROUGH HOUSE
Designing dwellings for people with Hearing Impairment Design Thesis Studio 7 We are not always perfect Lin Luo 366038 Tutor Andrew Martel
“It really is about basic human freedom.”
Thesis Statement This thesis investigates the current under representation of design solutions in the Australian market for people living with hearing impairment. In Australia, according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1 in 6 Australians live with some kind of hearing impairment, translating an estimated 30,000 individuals. Compared with design solutions available to people living with mobility impairment, the solutions offered to people with hearing impairment are often limited and require unique solutions for quality of living. The research conducted identifies the difficulties that people living with hearing impairments commonly incur, and current solutions offered. It identifies the importance of communication through visual prompts and aims to further extend the catalogue of aids for the hearing impaired through the use of architectural design. Offered in the thesis are solutions that will aid people with hearing impairments move more safely through spaces through chamfering of circulation wall corners, communicate easily with others by creating open and visually connected spaces which collectively help to build confidence in their domestic environment.
CONTENTS
THESIS STATEMENT 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Research 2.1 NDIS 2.2 NDIS & Current House Market 2.3 Disability in Australia 2.4 Hearing Impairment 2.5 How Hearing Impairment impact their life? 2.6 DeafSpace 2.7 Architectural Concerns for people with Hearing Impairment 2.8 Precedence 3.0 Housing Analysis 3.1 House Analysis 3.2 Spatial Analysis 3.3 Qualitative Analysis 3.4 Specific Analysis (for Hearing Impairment) 3.5 Discussion
11 13 14 17 18 20 23 27 29 33 47 48 50 51
4.0 Design Discussion 4.1 Summary from Research & Housing Analysis 4.2 Problem & Solution 5.0 Site Analysis 5.1 Proposed Site 5.2 About Coburg 6.0 Design Process 6.1 Form making of Apartment Building 6.1.1 Determined Shape of Apartment Building 6.1.2 Form Generation of Apartment Building 6.1.3 Material & Articulation 6.2 Design Guideline for Apartment Units 6.2.1 Apartment Units Types 6.2.2 Hearing Impairment Idea Implements 6.2.3 Design Process 6.2.4 Material Palette 6.2.5 A day in Apartment 6.2.6 Analysis 6.3 Form making of Townhouse Group 6.3.1 Determined Form of Townhouse Group 6.3.2 Material & Articulation 6.4 Design Guideline for Townhouse Unit 6.4.1 Hearing Impairment Idea Implements 6.4.2 Design Process
59 61 65 69 71 72 76 82 85 86 91 97 104 108 120 121 122 125 127 129 133
6.4.3 Material Palette 6.4.4 A day in Townhouse 6.4.5 Analysis 7.0 Reference
146 151 161 163
1.0
Introduction
Introduction HOUSE FOR EVERYONE Australian government has recognised that many residences are experiencing problems with housing affordability, especially people with disability. As housing plays an important role in people’s health and well-being, community strengthening and the shape of the city, affordability, choice diversity and duality and amenity are topic for housing development in future. To achieve the goal, not only social and economic problem shall be focused but also the housing design shall play a role for developing sustainable, lively and just city. This report turn the focus to housing design for people with disability who are the majority that facing house problems and try to find the way for the solution of housing that adaptive to people regardless with their disability. One of the disabilities and examples of housing from current market will be analysed for later study on adaptable housing design for people includes people with disability.
11
2.1
Research
What is NDIS? NDIS stands for National Disability Insurance Scheme, which is a social insurance program acts as a support to meet the needs from Australian who living with a permanent and significant disability that affects their daily activities. NDIS gives choices and controls for people living with disability (target age under 65) in order to help them achieve their life goals and raise their life quality includes living independence, community involvement, education and health & well-being (NDIS 2014).
What is NDIS goals? • Help participants to pursue their goals, objectives and aspirations • Help increase participants’ independence • Help raise social and economic awareness and participation • Help participant’s involvement in the community
13
Research
2.2
NDIS & House Market People with a disability in Australia are: -Having significantly lower incomes -Having lower assets/capital -More likely to be in housing stress -Less likely to be home owners -More likely if renting, to be in social housing -Less likely to live in a family household -Making more housing decisions based on the needs of a family member with disability (Housing Action Network, 2014)
14
Research
Current issues in the housing market: Private rental: -Due to design issues and high cost, many rental house in the market are not adaptable and affordable for people with disability -People with psychiatric disability may struggle to maintain tenancy due to episodic nature of illness -Directly discrimination is always a barrier for people with disability renting house -A few properties in the private housing rental market are suitable for people with disability -People with disability may be refused to rent a house due to house modification problems. The modification also hinder people with disability moving to a new unit that they may lose it Owner occupation: -Due to lack of capital and income, the home purchase for many people with disability is out of reach -Most of the affordable houses-tocks are far away from infrastructure and services that bring inconvenience to people with disability -Home modification is not common because they are unaffordable to people with disability -Same as rental market, there are few properties suitable for people with disability (Housing Action Network, 2014)
15
Research
As more people with disability are seeking to live independently by the help of NDIS, housing demand will also increase. Demanding for housing will bring pressure on rental housing, especially social rental housing due to low income profile (Housing Action Network, 2014). However, in the current house market there are fairly few properties adaptable and affordable for people with disability. There are chances for NDIS and house market collaboration. Facing on the raising housing demands, government sorts out the outcome of future housing in the aim of having houses suitable for residence needs change over their lifetime. Housing affordability, diversity of house choice and good quality design and amenity are problems and opportunities for future housing (City of Melbourne, 2013). More accessible, adaptable and universal designed and affordable properties shall be introduced into house market as one of the solutions for future housing in Australia. With the funds supported by NDIS, people includes those with disability can have houses able to sustain their better life.
16
Research
2.3 Disability in Australia Statistics • Over 4 million people ( 1 in 5 or 18.5% of the population) in Australia have some form of disability. • 19% of men and 18% of women have disability in Australia. • 2.2 million Australian of working age (15-64 years) have disability. • 14.9% of people with disability are having core-activity limitation. • 14.1% of people with disability are living in household and 0.8% of 14.9% are living in cared-accommodation
Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Survey of Disability, Aging and Carers 2012
17
Research
2.4
Hearing Impairment What is Deafness, Hearing Impairment and Hearing loss? Deaf is referring to people who partially or completely lacking in the sense of hearing. There are many terminations describing different conditions of deafness. For example, Deaf, deaf and Hard of hearing are terms regards on how people with hearing problems communicate with others. Deaf (with ‘D’ in capital letter) are people who born with deaf or lost their hearing ability at early age. Auslan (Australian Sign Language) are their first or preferred language. They are culturally deaf. The deaf (with low case letter ‘d’) is a more general termination for people with any condition result into their hearing lost. Auslan and oral methods are their ways to communicate. People with hearing lost who use speech as their communication tools are referred to Hard of hearing. (Deaf-blind information, 2015) Hearing Impairment (HI) is usually used to refer to people who are deaf or hard of hearing. However, some communities prefer a clearer reference of ‘deaf’ and ‘hard of hearing’ while they think HI is offensive that people who are culturally deaf shall not be referred. Hearing loss is about lessen ability of hearing the sound. Hearing loss can be varied from mild, moderate, severe and profound. People with profound hearing loss are deafness who are inability of understanding speeches through hearing.
18
Research
Aids for Hearing Impairment Hearing Aids
Hearing aid is an electronic device that help to pick up and enlarge sound as well as distinguish background sound. However, hearing aids is a helping tool to improve hearing but can not give hearing back.
Cochlear Implants
Cochlear implants are usually recommended for children or adults who are having severe or profound hearing loss in both ears. Cochlear implants are small device put under the skin behind ears during surgery that can pick up sound and send signal to hearing nerves, to improve deaf people hearing ability.
Lip Reading
Lip reading can be a useful skill for deaf people who lost hearing sense after they learnt to talk. By reading others’ mouth movement, people with hearing loss can get clues and understand the contents while others are talking.
Sign Language
Sign Language is another useful communicating tool especially for deaf people who lost hearing before they can talk or who born with hearing impairment. Meaning can be conveyed from hand movements and facial expression through using the sign language. Auslan is the sign language for Australian who with hearing impairment communicate with others.
19
Research
2.5
How Hearing Impairment impact their life? Hearing Impairment brings non-life-threatening physical change to human body, however brings large impact on individuals, their family, friends,colleagues and communities. The inability of hearing brings profound social and emotional impact that results in communication difficulties. People with hearing impairment are harder to engage in daily activities -They are harder to listen and talk to those close to them. -They are harder to arrange everyday life like shopping. -They are harder to access public transport. -They are harder to participating in employment, education and social activities.
20
Research
Living with Hearing Impairment Hearing loss not only effects on people with hearing impairment themselves but also on others around them. For example, their family. So how is the experience living with people having hearing impairments? In some situations when talking with family members in another room, when talking with others and the TV is on or the dog is barking, when talking while washing machine giving out noisy background noises, normal people will find these communication habits are not ideal and they will get even worse for people with hearing impairment. Hearing loss can make frustration for all. Sometimes people with hearing loss need louder volume to understand the TV shows. Their family may choose to tolerate it or may have sleeping problems due to the sound. The lifestyle for people with hearing loss may not be accepted by their family members, sometime may result in collision. This may also be another cause for people with illness Conflicts are comment in every household. Communication is important for having harmony life, especially for those living with hearing impairment. (Tseng, 2013)
21
Research
Notice when someone at door
Hearing Dog
Keep safety
Read sign language
Switch & Flash light
Notice when someone cooks in kitchen
Notice when there is fire alarm
Notice someone wake up
Sign Language
Teach baby with sign language
22
Communicate with other family members
Communicate via video call
2.6
Research
DeafSpace Sensory Reach Without hearing sense, vision and touching are two major senses for deaf people experiencing their surroundings. Compare with normal people, deaf people are always more sensitive with their vision that they can get cue from the movement of shadows, vibrations or even subtle shifts. They are more sensible on the experience and position of others around them (Bauman, 2007). Bauman gave advice for a DeafSpace was able to facilitate a ‘360 degree’ spatial awareness as well as orientation and way finding.
23
Research
Space and Proximity ‘Signing space’ is suggested in order to maintain a clear visual communication between individuals, which tends to be larger than a normal speaking conversation. Bauman suggested the basic layout of furnishings and building spaces should be affected by the ‘signing space’ (Bauman, 2007).
Mobility and Proximity In order to have a clear visual communication, sign language communicators will tend to keep a wider distance with each other. Their sight line will help them keep eye not only on the conversation but also the potential hazards around. When there is danger, the signer will also warn the hazard to the other. Letting signers to move in space without interruption shall also be considered when design circulation and gathering space (Bauman, 2007).
24
Research
Light and colour Sign communicators will get exhausted eye and missing attention when the light quality are poor. Light condition like glare, shadow patterns and back lighting can make difficulties when having visual communication. Colours are also factor that effect on visual communication’s quality. They can contrast different objects and help deaf people visually(Bauman, 2007).
Acoustic Deaf people are suffering different level of hearing loss and treated with different therapies. Individuals who wearing Hearing aids or Cochlear implants will be distracted from reverberation reflects from hard building surface. Even people with hearing impairment without device assistance can also distracted by unwanted sound, such as from background noise. The reduction of reverberation and other background noise sources shall be accounted to a proper DeafSpace design(Bauman, 2007).
25
Research
A good communication space design for deaf people shall consider: -Providing 360 degree spatial awareness -Proper layout for having ‘signing space’ -Reducing spatial interruption -Light quality and usage of colours -Building surface finishes -Maximising visibility -Minimising acoustic interference
26
2.7
Research
Architectural Concerns for People with Hearing Impairment Some considerations came out after talking with different people including some deaf architect. On dealing with the design of people with hearing impairment on commercial and residential design, they made following suggestions: Practical walls -walls less than floor-to-ceiling height Placement of windows -windows shall produce diffused light, not glaring light Building material -material such as clouded glass is good for having privacy and still feel open Floor finishes -use of timber flooring allow feeling of banging from other rooms -colour use on floor can also help people with hearing impairment distinguish floor and wall from their wide vision range
27
Research
Kitchen -open kitchen allow clear sight lines to adjacent rooms Switches -light switches shall be positioned outside of bathroom and bedrooms Circulate area -clear circulation area allow people can see each other comfortably -curved corners are better than right-angle corner or sharp turn Outdoor -wide and non-white sidewalks accommodate people walking and signing to each other without disruption from glare of sunlight
28
2.8
Research
Precedence
Gallaudet University student dormitory By New York City-based LTL Architects
Base on DeafSpace principle, LTL Architect design this student residential hall for deaf student addressed to consideration of sensory reach, space & proximity, mobility & proximity, light & colour and acoustic.
29
Research Community Room Subtle amphitheatre-like slope community room allow clear sight line go through the space
Ground Floor Panelled ceiling and acoustic blanket are designed for tightly control of acoustic
30
Kitchen in Lounge
Kitchens are centralized and open to lounge. Students will never need to have their back to others when cooking, which help improve their communication
Research Staircase Staircases are functioning as intersection place rather than transportation for deaf students
Lounge Lounge design are open and spacious
Multi-use Space Public space use is flexible and adaptable for different activities (Source from Stinson, 2013)
31
3.1
Housing Analysis
House Analysis 5 apartments and 5 town houses are selected for housing analysis. Quantitative and qualitative analysis will be done on these house-stocks for investigating their suitability for people with disability in current house market. (All the properties are picked from west, north-west and south-west of Melbourne with distance less than 35km to Melbourne Inner City) Apartment 1: 314/50 Catamaran Drive, Werribee South VIC 3030 Apartment 2: 14/116 Watton Street, Werribee VIC 3030 Apartment 3: 548/73 Lake Street, Caroline Springs VIC 3023 Apartment 4: 102/105 Pier Street, Altona VIC 3018 Apartment 5: 2/30 Ashley Street, West Footscray VIC 3012 Town house 1: 17/79-89 Lancefield Drive, Caroline Springs VIC 3023 Town house 2: 109 Gowanbrae Drive, Gowanbrae VIC 3043 Town house 3: 7 Gladstone Place, Werribee VIC 3030 Town house 4: 26/156 Bethany Road, Hoppers Crossing VIC 3029 Town house 5: 157 David Drive, Sunshine West VIC 3020
33
Housing Analysis
34
Housing Analysis
314/50 Catamaran Drive, Werribee South Melbourne VIC 3030
3 2 Type: Apartment
Living Room
En-suite
Dining & Kitchen
Bathroom
Bedroom
Balcony
Price: $444,500
Outdoor Area 21% 29m²
Habitable Area 49% 68.5m²
Circulation Area 13% 19m² Service Area 17% 24m² Habitable AreaDiningService Area 11% 19m²
Circulation Area
Outdoor Area
Living Area 44% 30m² Bedroom 45% 31m²
Storage 13% 3.2m²
Living Area
Laundry 11% 2.5m²
Kitchen
Bedroom
Dining
Kitchen 31% 7.5m² Bathroom 45% 10.8m² Bathroom
Laundry
Storage
A1
35
Housing Analysis
14/116 Watton Street, Werribee Melbourne VIC 3030
2 1 Type: Apartment Price: Start from $395,000 Outdoor Area 9% 8.8m²
Circulation Area 13% 12.5m²
Habitable Area 57% 54m²
Service Area 21% 19.7m²
Habitable Area
Dining 14% 7.5m²
Service Area
Laundry 8% 1.5m²
Kitchen
36
Circulation Area
Bedroom
Bathroom 24% 5.7m²
Bathroom
Outdoor Area
Dining & Living
Living Area 47% 25.5m²
Bedroom 39% 21m²
StorageLiving Area 11% 2m²
Building Exterior
Dining
Kitchen 57% 10.5m²
Laundry
A2
Storage
Living & Dining & Kitchen
Housing Analysis
548/73 Lake Street, Caroline Springs Melbourne VIC 3023
2 2 Type: Apartment
Kitchen
Kitchen & Storage
Dining Area
Living Area
Bathroom
Building Exterior
Price: $367,500
Outdoor Area 26% 30m² Circulation Area 8% 9.7m²
Habitable Area
Habitable Area 44% 50.7m²
Service Area 22% 25.1m² Service Area
Circulation Area
Dining Area Living Area 26% 30% 13.2m² 15.3m²
Outdoor Area
Bedroom 44% 22.2m² Storage Living 18% Area 2m² Laundry 6% 1.5m²
Kitchen
Bedroom
Bathroom 35% 5.7m² Bathroom
Dining Area
Kitchen 41% 10.5m²
Laundry
Storage
A3
37
Housing Analysis
102/105 Pier Street, Altona Melbourne VIC 3018
2 1 Type: Apartment
Bathroom
Price: $490,000 Outdoor Area 14% 12.3m²
Circulation Area 10% 9m²
Habitable Area 56% 51.5m²
Service Area 20% 18.7m²
Habitable Area
Service Dining AreaArea Circulation Area 17% 8.5m²
Living Area 28% 14.5m²
Outdoor Area
Kitchen
Bedroom 55% 28.5m²
Storage Living Area 16% 2.9m² Laundry 4% 0.8m²
Bedroom
Bathroom 36% 6.8m²
Kitchen
38
Bathroom
Dining Area
Kitchen 44% 8.2m²
Laundry
Storage
A4
Living Area
Housing Analysis
2/30 Ashley Street, West Footscray Melbourne VIC 3012
2 1 Living Room
Kitchen
Bedroom
Living Area
Bathroom
Balcony
Dwelling type: Apartment Price: $359,500
Outdoor Area 11% 7m² Circulation Area 19% Habitable Area 11.3m² 48% 28.7m² Service Area 22% 13m²
Habitable Area
Service Area
Circulation Area Bedroom 68% 22.2m²
Storage 10% 2m² Laundry 8% 1.5m²
Kitchen
Living Area
Bathroom 31% 5.7m²
Bathroom
A5
Outdoor Area
Living Area 32% 15.3m²
Bedroom
Kitchen 51% 10.5m²
Laundry
Storage
39
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
Habitable Area
68.5m2
54m2
50.7m2
51.5m2
28.7m2
Services Area
24m2
19.7m2
25.1m2
18.7m2
13m2
Circulation Area
19m2
12.5m2
9.7m2
9m2
11.3m2
Outdoor Area
29m2
8.8m2
30m2
12.3m2
7m2
140.5m2
95m2
115.5m2
91.5m2
60m2
Total Area
Quantitative Analysis
Housing Analysis
Physical Disability
Qualitative Analysis
Social Interaction Public vs Private Adaptability Carers Access Noisy vs Calm Sight Lines
40
26/
40
20/
40
22/
40
25/
40
27/
40
Score
Orientation
Housing Analysis
17/79-89 Lancefield Drive, Caroline Springs Melbourne VIC 3023
3 2 2
Living Area
Kitchen
Bedroom
Living Area
Bathroom
Courtyard
Type: Townhouse Price: $399,000
Garage 22% 57.5m² Habitable Area 43% 28.7m²
Circulation Area 17% 11.3m²
Service Area 18% 13m² Habitable Area
Service Area
Outdoor Area
Garage
T1
Dining Area Living Area 13% 28% 8.5m² 14.5m²
Laundry 5% 1.5m²
Bedroom 59% 28.5m²
Living Area
Bedroom
Dining Area
Kitchen 20% 10.5m²
Storage 26% 2m²
Kitchen
Bathroom 49% 5.7m² Bathroom
Laundry
Storage
Circulation Area
41
Housing Analysis
109 Gowanbrae Drive, Gowanbrae Melbourne VIC 3043
3
2
1
Type: Townhouse Price: $430,000 - 470,000
Outdoor Area 3% 5.6m²
42
T2
Kitchen 29% 11.3m²
Storage 25% 9.9m² Laundry 9% 3.7m²
Kitchen
Dining Area Living Area 26% 25% 23m² 23m²
Bathroom
Laundry
Living Area Storage
Bedroom
Dining Area
Kitchen & Dinning
Bedroom
Living Area
Courtyard
Building Frontage
Garage 14% 26.8m²
Circulation Area 17% 34m²
Habitable Area 46% 89.8m²
Service Area 20% 39.3m²
Bedroom 49% 43.8m²
Bathroom 37% 14.4m²
Living Room
Habitable Area
Service Area
Outdoor Area
Garage
Circulation Area
Housing Analysis
7 Gladstone Place, Werribee
Outdoor Area 5% 6.4m²
Melbourne VIC 3030
3
2
Dwelling type: Townhouse
Circulation Area 17% 20.6m²
Habitable Area 47% 57.9m² Service Area 20% 24.7m²
1 Laundry 7% 1.7m²
Kitchen
Dining Area Circulation 7% 3.9m² Living Area 32% 18.6m²
Storage Habitable Area
Service Area
3m² Outdoor Area
Garage
12%
Bathroom 32% 8m²
Price: $295,000-300,000
T3
Garage 11% 14.2m²
Bathroom
Kitchen 49% 12m²
Laundry
Area
Bedroom 61% 35.4m²
Living Area Storage
Bedroom
Living & Dining
Kitchen
Bedroom
Bathroom
Ground Floor Corridor
Balcony
Dining Area
43
Housing Analysis
26/156 Bethany Road, Hoppers Crossing Melbourne VIC 3029
3
1
2
Dwelling type: Townhouse Price: $310,000
Storage 31% 7.3m² Laundry 6% 1.5m²
T4 Kitchen
44
Kitchen 35% 8.3m²
Dining Area 19% 11.9m²
Bathroom
Laundry
Circulation Area 13% 19m²
Bedroom 47% 29.5m²
Bathroom 28% 6.5m²
Living Area Storage
Outdoor Area 21% 29m²
Living Area 34% 20.8m²
Bedroom
Dining Area
Habitable Area
Kitchen
Bedroom
Bathroom
Dining
Courtyard
Habitable Area 49% 68.5m²
Service Area 17% 24m² Service Area
Living & Dining
Circulation Area
Outdoor Area
Housing Analysis
157 David Drive, Sunshine West Melbourne VIC 3020
3
2
1
Dwelling type: Townhouse Price: $360,000-390,000
Storage 27% 7.3m² Laundry 8% 1.5m²
Kitchen
Kitchen 28% 8.3m²
Bathroom 37% 6.5m²
T5
Bathroom
Laundry
Dining Area 12% Living Area 7.2m² 31% 19.2m² Bedroom 57% 34.9m²
Living Area Storage
Bedroom
Outdoor Area 8% 11.2m²
Dining Area
Garage 15% 21.6m²
Living & Dining
Kitchen
Bedroom
Bathroom
Frontage
Courtyard
Habitable Area 41% 61.3m²
Circulation Area 14% 21.5m² Service Area 22% 32.2m² Habitable Area
Service Area
Outdoor Area
Garage
Circulation Area
45
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
Habitable Area
111m2
89.8m2
57.9m2
62.2m2
61.3m2
Services Area
47.8m2
39.3m2
24.7m2
23.6m2
32.2m2
Circulation Area
43.7m2
34m2
20.6m2
20.2m2
21.5m2
Outdoor Area
- m2
5.6m2
6.4m2
- m2
11.2m2
Car park Area
57.5m2
26.8m2
14.2m2
32m2
21.6m2
Total Area
260m2
195.5m2
123.8m2
138m2
147.8m2
Quantitative Analysis
Housing Analysis
Physical Disability
Qualitative Analysis
Social Interaction Public vs Private Adaptability Carers Access Noisy vs Calm Sight Lines
46
30/
40
25/
40
16/
40
25/
40
26/
40
Score
Orientation
Housing Analysis
3.2 Spatial Analysis A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
Apartment
Apartment
Apartment
Apartment
Apartment
Town house
Town house
Town house
Town house
Town house
Bedrooms
3
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
Bathrooms
2
1
2
1
1
2
2
2
1
2
Cars
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
1
2
1
Dwelling Type
Average
140.5
95
115.5
91.5
60
260
195.5
123.8
138
147.8
$444,500
$395,000
$367,500
$490,000
$359,500
$399,000
$430,000
$295,000
$310,000
$360,000
Habitable Area %
49
57
44
56
48
43
46
47
49
41
48%
Service/Wet Area %
17
21
22
20
22
18
20
20
17
22
20%
Circulation %
13
13
8
10
19
17
17
17
13
14
14%
Car park %
0
0
0
0
0
22
14
11
0
15
16%
Balcony %
21
9
26
14
11
0
3
5
21
8
12%
Rating (out of 5)
3
2
2
3
3
3
4
5
3
4
Total Internal Area m2 Price
Rating System 5=5 areas within suggested range 4=4 areas within suggested range 3=3 areas within suggested range 2=2 areas within suggested range 1=1 areas within suggested range
Suggested area percentages % Habitable Area 40%-50% Service/Wet Area 10%-20% Circulation Area 5%-20% Car park/Garage 10%-20% Outdoor/Balcony 5%-15%
47
Housing Analysis
Living
General Layout
3.3 Qualitative Analysis
48
Dwelling
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
Totals
Is there obvious and defined separation between private and public spaces
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
7
Is there good opportunity for cross ventilation
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
3
Is the front door well located and have enough clear space
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
8
Is there a good, level access between garage and a dwelling entry
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
3
Are steps and stairs avoided where practical
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
Does the dwelling comply with the Livable Housing Guidelines minimum standard
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
9
Is space provided for logical and flexible furniture layouts
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
6
Is there a physical and/or visual connection between living, kitchen and external spaces
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
Is the kitchen delineated by a different flooring material
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
5
Is there adequate and evenly distributed day lighting
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
6
40
27
Wet Areas
Circulation
Bedrooms
Housing Analysis Is there a ground floor bedroom
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
Do bedrooms have good access to a bathroom
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
4
Is there space in each bedroom for a double bed with adequate circulation space either side
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
Is there sufficient built-in storage in each bedroom
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
9
Is the bed located against a solid wall rather than a window
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
Is there a clear and logical circulation path throughout
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
8
Do internal corridors have an average width to length ratio of less than 3.5:1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
Are circulation spaces obstacle free (ie. Door swings, furniture, steps, nib walls, etc.)
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
5
Are staircases straight in design with appropriate landings at the top and bottom
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
Is the dwelling accessible or able to be adapted to be accessible for the mobility impaired
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
5
Is there a ground floor bathroom
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
5
Is there adequate clear space in front of appliances and toilet basin
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
6
Is the shower accessible or able to be adapted to be accessible
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
9
Is there windows
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
3
15 12 10 15 18 19 20
7
18 17
Rating: (out of 24)
34
29
23
153/240
49
Housing Analysis
3.4 Specific Analysis (for Hearing Impairment) Dwelling
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
Total
Is there an open plan kitchen that can keep eye on living and dining area while cooking?
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
6
Does the circulation area have no sharp turn or right-angle corner?
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
3
Is there any distinguish colour difference between interior finishes? eg. wall and floor
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
Is there any measure especially for living area considering about proving diffused light rather than glaring light?
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
6
Is there a simple circulation route without interruption on each floor?
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
4
Are interior finishes especially in living area using acoustic approved materials? (eg. carpet or wooden floor rather than ceramic or marble)
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
6
Rating (out of 6)
6
0
1
4
4
3
3
3
4
5
33/60
50
3.5
Housing Analysis
Discussion According from spatial analysis, qualitative analysis and specific analysis, outcome can be found that there is no house that works well from all the analysis. For example, town house 3 with the highest score from spatial analysis but it is the least qualitative one and not really suitable for people with hearing impairment. General conclusion can be made that from spatial analysis, the rating of quantitative study from town houses are higher than apartments. This different may be cause by the structural difference between two types of dwelling. Town house that has floor plans developed vertically can have enough room for different functional space. From qualitative analysis, most of the dwellings are rating at satisfactory. Dwellings work well on providing qualitative bedding space, however lack of consideration on bathroom design on which the influence the convenience and hygiene for people, especially for those with disability. From specific analysis for dwelling adaptability for people with hearing impairment, most of the rates are on average with some dwellings are highly adaptive and some are poorly getting use. Most of dwellings have distinguish colour tone among different building elements. Some of the dwellings go well with light and acoustic qualities, and open plan kitchen. However, few of houses do well on problems of sharp corner and complex circulation.
51
Housing Analysis
Open Kitchen Open kitchen with separate or round kitchen bench towards living/dining space allow visual connection that improves the quality of a communal space.
Kitchen (T4) The round kitchen bench allow the one who is cocking also pay attention on someone who is in dining or living room.
52
Kitchen (A2) The one who is cooking can not get direct sight lines with the one in other area when he/she is forced to turn their backs to others.
Housing Analysis
Circulation without any sharp turn and corner Less sharp turn and corner in circulation increase the safety for people with hearing impairment travel from place to place.
Circulation (T4) The curved corner allows people with hearing impairment notice others before they walk into each other.
Circulation (T5) The curved corner allows people with hearing impairment notice others before they walk into each other.
53
Housing Analysis
Distinguish colour usage The colour usage will effect on people with hearing impairment’s vision range
Living room (T1) Floor and wall are in contrast colour that help people with hearing impairment recognise different space
54
Kitchen (A3) Wall, ceiling and floor are in similar colour and are hard to distinguish
Housing Analysis
Diffuse light strategy Glaring light and other bad light quality result in sore eyes on people with disability when they are having visual communication
Living room (A4) There are balcony with shaded fence an d carpet help to diffuse the light. Clear window still allow light get in
Living room (A3) There are no measurement on window. The use of ceramic floor increase the occurring of glaring
55
Housing Analysis Simple circulation without any interruption Clear circulation can keep good vision range and quality for people with hearing impairment
Circulation (A4) Simple circulation allows people with hearing impairment clear with their way. It also provides convenience for carer while the privacy is the problem
56
Circulation (A3) Laundry blocks the circulation and hard to have people with hearing impairment span their vision range
Housing Analysis
Material use for acoustic measurement Vibrancy and background noise effect on hearing quality for people with hearing aids and cochlear implants.
Living room (A4) Carpet helps to reduce the vibrancy when some unwanted noise is produced
Living room (T1) Ceramic tile for provide hard surface for vibrancy of noise when things fall on
57
4.1
Design Discussion
Summary from Research & Housing Analysis For Hearing Impairment adaptive dwelling design, here are the key considerations: General: Light quality, Acoustic quality and Colour contrast Rethink: Simple circulation & sharp corners Innovation: Use of Shadow as notice
59
Design Discussion
60
4.2
Design Discussion
Problems and Solutions In Australia, 1 in 6 of people are suffering with hearing impairment. About 30,000 Australian are living in inconvenient without the helping of sound. However, there are few products includes architecture design in the market are designed for Hearing Impairment compare with other disabilities such as mobility impairment. It is essential to imply ideas for hearing impairment into dwelling where people spend most time with. My project is going to focus on the architectural design for Hearing Impairment. One of the issues has be found that people with Hearing Impairment are hard to notice things around them, which will bring inconvenience to them and their family members, and will affect their quality of communication. However, people with Hearing Impairment are sensitive with the other sense such as visual sense. The intention of trying to maximize the sense of vision on people’s movement will be the concept for people with hearing impairment. Shadow is the key idea and will be discovered from time and spatial relationship within dwelling design. Circulation and spatial division where may bring obstruction for people with hearing impairment will be the elements for study.
61
Design Discussion
Hearing, the sense of sound perception is helping us get awareness of things surround us by capturing the vibration of sounds
62
Inability to hear will cause potential danger and insecurity where the space is lacking of visuality, which people with hearing impairment will be more sensitive on the other sense
The idea for improving living quality for people with hearing impairment is to maximise the sight line in their living space
Design Discussion
Time
Corner in circulation
Current
Radius Corner
Diagonal Corner
Avoid Corner
Time relationship - Make people with Hearing Impairment notice the other one earlier when turning corner - Maximise their vision and capture each other’s flicker - Reduce the hazard of people bump into each other
63
Design Discussion
Space
Spatial division from room to room
Current / Be obstruct
Cut out / Flicker
Lift up / Shadow
Translucent/ Silhouette
Spatial relationship - Make people with Hearing Impairment notice the others from private space (bedroom, toilet) to public space (corridor, living) - Maximise their vision and capture each other’s shadow of movement - Bring sense of control and safe, and make them live confidently
64
5.1
Site Analysis
Proposed Site
4 storeys apartment : 2-6 McKay Street, Coburg, VIC 3058 Current : 3-independent buildings group 30 Units
2 storeys townhouse : 2A Lobb Street, Coburg, VIC 3058 Current : 22 lots car park
65
Site Analysis
66
Site Analysis
Transportation
67
Site Analysis
68
Infrastructure
5.2
Site Analysis
About Coburg Established Couple & Families 19.4% Independent Youth 16.4% Maturing & Established Independence 14.8% Old Fashion Style
69
et
Bell Stree
t
70
ad
Ross Stre Approx. 580m 2
Sydney Ro
Approx. 3000m 2
Lobb Stree t
McKay Str
eet
Site Analysis
Design process McKay St.
6.1
Approx. 3000m2
Form Making of Apartment Building
GFA:2232m2 GFA:2232m2 GFA:2232m2 GLA:1940m2 GLA:1925m2 GLA:1924m2 Circulation: Circulation: Circulation: 292m2 307m2 308m2 Efficiency: Efficiency: Efficiency: 87% 86% 86%
2 buildings
GFA:2360m2 GFA:2360m2 GFA:2360m2 GLA:2041m2 GLA:2041m2 GLA:2052m2 Circulation: Circulation: Circulation: 319m2 319m2 308m2 Efficiency: Efficiency: Efficiency: 86% 86% 87%
1 building
71
Design Process
6.1.1
Determined shape of Apartment Building
GFA: 2094m2 GLA: 1573m2 Circulation: 521m2 Efficiency: 76%
72
Levels: 4 levels Apartment Units: 84 Underground parking lots: 81 (5 disabled parks) Temporary parking lots: 11
Design process
Ventilation
Natural Light
Connect with Nature
73
Design Process
Ideal Section
74
Public Corridor
Toilet
Public Corridor
Bedroom
Design process 75.5m2
71.6m2
52.4m2 52.4m2 52.4m2 52.4m2 52.4m2 52.4m2
63.5m2 63.5m2 75.5m2
71.6m2
Ground Floor
75.5m2
Typical Floor
71.6m2
52.4m2 52.4m2 52.4m2 52.4m2 52.4m2 52.4m2
71.6m2
75.5m2
63.5m2
63.5m2
63.5m2
63.5m2
75.5m2
71.6m2
52.4m2 52.4m2 52.4m2 52.4m2 52.4m2 52.4m2
71.6m2
75.5m2
75
Design Process
6.1.2
Form generation of Apartment Building
Initial Idea & Feedback
1. Does not have a good view, Retail and other function space are suggested
76
1
Design process
1 Mid crit & Feedback 1.Long corridor in the apartment 2.Too much waste circulation space
2
77
Design Process
Central door to side door.
Push inwards of lift core and the space can make one more unit.
78
Design process
Final version
79
Design Process
Ground Floor (not to scale)
Typical Floor (not to scale)
80
Design process
Section
81
Design Process
6.1.3
Material & Articulation White Render Paint
(External wall paint)
Grey Render Paint
(External wall paint)
Dark Grey Render Paint (External wall paint)
Red Aluminium Cladding
82
(As high light colour and decoration)
Sliding shade
(The device is applied at west facade for residence escape from light from sunset)
Design process
83
Design Process
84
View from McKay Street
Design process
6.2 Design Guideline for Apartment Units General • The accessibility of wheelchair • The clear division of Public and Private space • The clear division of Noisy and Clam space • The adaptability for occupants’ special condition • The accessibility for carer • The improvement of Sight Line
Detail • At least 1000mm circulation • Open kitchen • At least 1 DDA compatible toilet • Has window for living space • Has balcony
85
Design Process
6.2.1
Apartment Units Types
Type A 1 Bedroom Internal area: 42.7m2 Total area: 49.2m2
86
Design process
Type B 2 Bedroom Internal area: 66.8m2 Total area: 72m2
87
Design Process
Type C 2 Bedroom Internal area: 67.5m2 Total area: 75.5m2
88
Design process
Type C 2 Bedroom Internal area: 66.8m2 Total area: 72m2
89
Design Process
Type C as study
90
6.2.2
Design process
Hearing Impairment Idea implements The idea for implying idea for Hearing Impairment is to help them maximise their sense of vision and rise their awareness of others movement in order to bring safety and confidence.
91
Design Process
Corner
Diagonal corner is used in the circulation As cut of right-angle, diagonal corner enlarge the visuality of people passing the corner, and reduce the hazard of people bump into each other
92
Design process
Wall
Cut out / translucent material is used on spatial partition Wall can block views from space to space. When in a space rounded by wall, people without help of sound cannot get aware of people outside. Openings or translucent material can help people get clues of things happening outside the room. Moreover, the special measures will be used alone the circulation where people’s walking movements can be captured.
93
Design Process
94
Design process
Options Wall / Corner
Door
OPTION 1 (for Hearing Impairment)
OPTION 2
95
Design Process
6.2.3
2 5
Design Process 4 3 Initial design & Feedback 1. Laundry shall be put inside 2. Window for Living room 3. Detail of Kitchen (pantry/ fridge) 4. Curve corner may be difficult and expensive to construct 5. Rethink position of living room and dining room
96
1
Design process Kitchen side bench may bring better communication
Open window and bright kitchen and dining area
Cut out on wall for people get aware of outside movement
Exchange living and dining space and make living space close to balcony Move laundry from outside to inside
600mm for robe depth
Concave laundry between two bedrooms Cut out for Hearing Impairment
Articulate the diagonal corner
500mm distance shall be kept at the door open side that allow space for people with wheelchair take the handle
The distance between bed and deck or other fixtures shall be 1000m where can be wheelchair accessible
97
Design Process Diagonal corner with ‘see-through’ panel. It bring change for people stay in bedroom knowing people moving in kitchen, dining and living space
Sofa shall keep a gap from wall
TV bench shall be at least 1800mm This bedroom shall be main room for people with Hearing Impairment
Diagonal corner with ‘see-through’ panel. It bring change for people stay in toilet knowing people turning around corner, for example, when someone go out or come back
98
Details Cut out on door is cheaper than on wall, which can also achieve outcome
Design process
3 2 Mid crit & Feedback 1. Invalid area for wheel chair turning 2. The position of Laundry would bring noise to bedroom 3. Waste of space
1
99
Design Process
The space allows placement of pet mattress. People with Hearing Impairment can have their pets as assistants for their daily lives
Make more storage space that not only people with disability but able people are demanded
100
Folding desk makes more space for wheelchair accessing and turning
The distance between bed and fixture shall keep in 1000mm (from developer)
Push walls and create space for laundry and storage
Laundry concave in between bedroom will bring noise
The size of bedroom shall not less than 3m*3m (from developer), and it shall fit not only double size but other bed size (queen and king size)
The level change of ceiling can adjust the light difference and make different space experience
Design process
Final version
101
Design Process
Plan (not on scale)
102
Design process
Section A-A (not on scale)
Section B-B (not on scale)
103
Design Process
6.2.4
Material Palette Timber Floor
(Living space & Corridor floor)
Special designed Door (Option 1) (Bathroom door)
Polyurethane Vinyl Floor
(Wet area bathroom, kitchen, balcony floor)
Special designed Door (Option 2) (Bedroom door)
Wool Carpet (Bedroom floor)
Mosaic Wall Tiles
(Diagonal corner)
Ceramic Wall Tiles
Clear Glass
(Kitchen wall)
104
Translucent Glass
(Bathroom wall)
(Windows)
Design process
105
Design Process
106
Reference Design process
107
Design Process
6.2.5 A day in Apartment
6:45 Bedroom 6:30 Bedroom
108
9:00 Bedroom
7:30 Toilet 7:00 Kitchen
8:00 Dining
19:00 Kitchen
14:30 Corridor 10:30 Bedroom
18:00 Living
22:00 Bedroom
Design process
6:30 AM_ Wake up by morning sunlight_ Found my kitty sleep beside me_ And partner already woke up_
109
Design Process
6:45 AM_ Getting change_ Kitty woke up_ Oh, someone outside_
110
Design process
7:00 AM_ In Kitchen_ Need prepare the breakfast_ My partner is cooking_ My daughter is getting ready to school_
111
Design Process
7:30 AM_ In the bathroom_ Someone is leaving home_ It maybe my daughter, the school bus is coming_
112
Design process 8:00 AM_ In Dining room_ Having my food_ My partner is leaving, time to work_
113
Design Process
9:00 AM_ In the bedroom_ Time to read_ Oh, which page was it?_
114
Design process
10:30 AM_ In bedroom_ Received a video call from my friend who also with hearing impairment_ She asked me go for shopping_
115
Design Process
14:30 PM_ In the corridor_ Finish shopping and go back home_ My daughter already finished school, she is going to visit her friend, Emily_
116
Design process 18:00 PM_ In Living room_ Watching TV_ My daughter is back, time to cook dinner_
117
Design Process 6:45 AM_ Preparing dinner_ My partner is watching TV_ Where is my daughter? She may doing her homework now_
118
Design process
22:00 PM_ In the bedroom_ Why there is light?_ He still watching TV? I have to ask him to sleep_
119
Design Process
6.2.6
Quantitative Analysis
Analysis
Garage
Habitable Area
34.7 m2
Services Area
14.2 m2
Circulation Area
16.3 m2
Outdoor Area Car park Area (Underground)
7.6 m2 11.7 m2
Total Area (inc. car park)
84.5 m2
Total Area (exc. car park)
72.8 m2
Internal Area
65.2 m2
Outdoor Area 14% 11.7m² 9% 7.6m²
Circulation Area 19% 16.3m² Service Area 17% 14.2m² Habitable Area
Service Area
Outdoor Area
Garage
38/
40
Circulation Area
Dining Area Living Area 15% 20% 5.3m² 6.9m² Bedroom 65% 22.5m²
Quantitative Analysis Physical Disability
Habitable Area 41% 34.7m²
Living Area
Bedroom
Dining Area
Social Interaction Public vs Private Adaptability Carers Access Noisy Spaces vs Calm Space
Laundry 5% 0.7m²
Storage 20% 2.8m² Bathroom 34% 4.8m²
Sight Lines
Kitchen 41% 5.9m²
Optimum Orientation Kitchen
120
Bathroom
Laundry
Storage
Lobb St.
6.3 Form Making of Townhouse Group
Approx. 580m2
Bell St.
140m2
136m2
Ross St.
Design process
127m2
136m2 136m
2
Area: 136/136/136 (m2) Numbers of faces: 4/4/4 Shared Wall: 0 Car Access: East Walk Access: East - West
140m2
140m2
Area: 140/140/140 (m2) Numbers of faces: 3/2/3 Shared Wall: 2 Car Access: West Walk Access: West
127m2
127m2
Area: 127/127/127 (m2) Numbers of faces: 3/3/4 Shared Wall: 1 Car Access: West Walk Access: East - West Private Car Access
121
Design Process
6.3.1
Determined form of townhouse group
140m2
140m2
140m2
Area: 140/140/140 (m2) Numbers of faces: 3/2/3 Shared Wall: 2 Car Access: East - West Walk Access: East - West
122
Design process
Ground Floor (not to scale)
First Floor (not to scale)
123
Design Process
Townhouse Group Section
124
Design process
6.3.2 Material & Articulation
White Render Paint
(External wall paint)
Grey Render Paint
(External wall paint)
Aluminium Composite Cladding (External wall cladding)
Wooden batten (External porch sun shade)
Dark Grey Render Paint (External wall paint)
Red Aluminium Cladding
(As high light colour and decoration)
125
Design Process
126
View from Lobb Street
Design process
6.4 Design Guideline for Townhouse Unit General • The accessibility of wheelchair • The clear division of Public and Private space • The clear division of Noisy and Clam space • The adaptability for occupants’ special condition • The accessibility for carer • The improvement of Sight Line
Detail • At least 1000mm circulation • Open kitchen, living and dining space • At least 1 DDA compatible toilet • One ground floor bedroom • Has window for living space • A retrofit space for lift for mobility disability
127
Design Process
Form Making of Townhouse
128
6.4.1
Design process
Hearing Impairment Idea implements The idea for implying idea for Hearing Impairment is to help them maximise their sense of vision and rise their awareness of others movement in order to bring safety and confidence.
129
Design Process
Corner
Maximise the use of diagonal corner at the turning; If a right angle is unchangeable, placement of objects at the corner is suggested as the buffer and obstruct for people adjust their walking track
130
Design process
Wall
Translucent material is used on spatial partition Walls are also avoid to liberate sight-line
131
Design Process
Options Wall
Corner
Lift
Lift for mobility Impairment
132
OPTION 1
Space for storage
OPTION 2
Design process
6.4.2 Design Process 2
4
Initial Design & Feedback
1. Expensive to construct a internal terrace in an affordable townhouse 2. Rethink furniture layout of Living room 3. Rethink the position of ground floor living room 4. Too much toilet in townhouse 5. Large waste space
1 3
5 133
Design Process
Too expensive to have a internal terrace for affordable house
Wall will be heated by western sunlight, better put backyard at this side
134
Window for ground floor bedroom
A 3 bedroom townhouse does not need to have 3 bathroom
This space is inefficient
The townhouse shall be retrofit for lift for people with mobility impairment
Island kitchen create place for people communication
No floor plan is perfect. The ground floor bathroom can only have artificial light and mechanic ventilation
The displacement of furniture can improve people sight line
The toilet shall better not to face the door
Design process
Reduced one bathroom
135
Design Process
136
Design process
137
Design Process
3
Mid crit & Feedback 1. The width of corridor is not accessible for people with disability 2. Rethink the balcony 3. Rethink the function of Secondary Living space
138
1 2
Support for upper floor plate
Design process
A void on second floor made people on second floor can notice people open front door downstairs
Hinge door is cheaper and easier to construct than sliding door
139
Design Process
Final version
140
Design process
Final version
141
Design Process
142
Design process
143
Design Process
144
Design process
145
Design Process
6.4.3
Material Palette Timber Floor
(Living space & circulation floor)
Polyurethane Vinyl Floor (Wet area - Bathroom, car park, Laundry floor)
Wool Carpet (Bedroom floor, Staircase)
Mosaic Wall Tiles (Bathroom wall)
Feature Glass
(Ground floor bedroom ‘see through’ panel)
146
Design process
Timber Floor
(Circulation floor)
Polyurethane Vinyl Floor (Wet area - Bathroom floor)
Wool Carpet (Bedroom floor)
Mosaic Wall Tiles (Bathroom wall)
Metal Deck Panel (Roof)
147
Design Process
148
Design process
149
Design Process
150
Design process
6.4.4 A day in Townhouse
8:30AM Kitchen 6:30AM Bedroom
3:30PM Doorway 12:30PM Living
3:30PM Doorway
3:50PM In front of ground floor bedroom
5:30PM Second floor 4:30PM Second floor
7:30PM Second floor bedroom
151
Design Process 6:30 AM_ In the bedroom_ Woke up_ Dog is outside_
152
Design process 8:30 AM_ In the kitchen_ Having my breakfast_ Some of my friends went to university_
153
Design Process
12:30 AM_ In the living room_ Watching TV_ Victoria go back from shopping_ I shall go for some groceries too_
154
3:30 PM_ At the Doorway_ I finished my shopping_ James is cooking_ He brought his friend Bob and Bella who has inconvenience on mobility, to join the dinner_
Design process
155
Design Process
3:30 PM_ At the Doorway_ When I look up and find Emily smile at me_ Emily also came and will join the dinner_
156
Design process
3:50 PM_ In front of my bedroom_ A friend of Victoria, Grace who also with mobility impairment come and visit us_ She just finished using bathroom_
157
Design Process
4:30 PM_ On second floor_ After I visit Jessica’s room_ Emily is going up stair and may look for Jessica_
158
5:30 PM_ On second floor_ After I visited Jessica’s room_ I found more friends entering the door way and come for dinner_
Design process
159
Design Process
7:30 PM_ On second floor bedroom_ I want to have a chat_ Kelvin is reading books_
160
Design process
6.4.5
Quantitative Analysis
Analysis
Garage 12% 20m² Outdoor Area
Habitable Area
56.1 m2
Services Area
29.3 m2
Circulation Area
44 m2
Outdoor Area
20 m2
Car park Area (Underground)
20 m2
Total Area (inc. car park)
169.4 m2
Total Area (exc. car park)
149.4 m2
Internal Area
129.4 m2
12% 20m²
Circulation Area 26% Service Area 44m² 17% 29.3m² Habitable Area
Service Area
Outdoor Area
Garage
40
Circulation Area
Dining Area 13% Living Area 7.3m² 30% 16.7m² Bedroom 57% 32.1m²
Quantitative Analysis
37/
Habitable Area 33% 56.1m²
Physical Disability Social Interaction
Living Area
Bedroom
Dining Area
Public vs Private Adaptability Carers Access Noisy Spaces vs Calm Space Sight Lines
Laundry 3% 1m²
Optimum Orientation Kitchen
Storage 27% 6.2m²
Kitchen 27% 8.4m²
Bathroom 43% 13.7m² Bathroom
Laundry
Storage
161
7.0
Reference
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163
Reference
Education to employment, 2012, Hearing impairment or deafness, viewed 17/08/2015, < http://pubsites.uws.edu.au/ndco/ employment/what/hearing.htm> Gallaudet University, 2007, What is DeafSpace?, viewed 17/08/2015, < http://www.gallaudet.edu/campus-design/deafspace. html> Lisa Tseng, 2013, Huh? How Hearing Loss Affects the Entire Family, viewed 17/08/2015, < https://www.hihealthinnovations. com/page/familyhearingissues> MNT, 2015, What is deafness/What is hearing loss?, viewed 17/08/2015, < http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/249285.php> National Disability Insurance Schieme, 2014, What is national disability insurance scheme? viewed 18/08/2015, < http:// www.ndis.gov.au/document/what-national-disability-insuran> NHS choices, 2015, Hearing loss - Treatment, viewed 17/08/2015, < http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Hearing-impairment/ Pages/Treatment.aspx> Uncube, 2014, Acoustics, viewed 17/08/2015, < http://www.uncubemagazine.com/magazine-21-12784433.html#!/ page1>
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IMAGES
Reference
ABC News, 2013, DisabilityCare Australia: The national disability insurance scheme, viewed 18/08/2015, < http://www.abc. net.au/news/2013-06-28/disability-care-australia-ndis/4783344> Advokit, 2015, NDIS Objects, viewed 18/08/2015, < http://www.advokit.org.au/general-information/ndis-objects/> Audiologists, 2007, Types Of Hearing Loss, < http://www.audiologyawareness.com/hearinfo_hloss.asp> Australian Network on Disability, 2015, viewed 17/08/2015, < http://www.and.org.au/pages/disability-statistics.html> Commonwealth of Australia, 2013, DisbilityCare Australia, viewed 18/08/2015, < http://www.budget.gov.au/2013-14/content/glossy/ndis_policy/download/ndis.pdf> Deafblind Information, 2015, Deafness and Hearing Impairment, viewed 17/08/2015, < http://www.deafblindinformation.org. au/about-deafblindness/sensory-impairment/deafness-and-hearing-impairment> Department of Social Services, 2014, National Disability Strategy, viewed 18/08/2015, < https://www.dss.gov.au/our-responsibilities/disability-and-carers/program-services/government-international/national-disability-strategy> Education to employment, 2012, Hearing impairment or deafness, viewed 17/08/2015, < http://pubsites.uws.edu.au/ndco/ employment/what/hearing.htm> Gallaudet University, 2007, What is DeafSpace?, viewed 17/08/2015, < http://www.gallaudet.edu/campus-design/deafspace. html>
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Reference Lisa Tseng, 2013, Huh? How Hearing Loss Affects the Entire Family, viewed 17/08/2015, < https://www.hihealthinnovations. com/page/familyhearingissues> MNT, 2015, What is deafness/What is hearing loss?, viewed 17/08/2015, < http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/249285.php> National Disability Insurance Schieme, 2014, What is national disability insurance scheme? viewed 18/08/2015, < http:// www.ndis.gov.au/document/what-national-disability-insuran> NHS choices, 2015, Hearing loss - Treatment, viewed 17/08/2015, < http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Hearing-impairment/ Pages/Treatment.aspx> Uncube, 2014, Acoustics, viewed 17/08/2015, < http://www.uncubemagazine.com/magazine-21-12784433.html#!/ page1>
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Special thanks to my tutor Andrew Martel to my model Emily & Nicole And to all the colleagues