The 'See-through' Home

THE SEE THROUGH HOUSE

Designing dwellings for people with Hearing Impairment Design Thesis Studio 7 We are not always perfect Lin Luo 366038 Tutor Andrew Martel

“It really is about basic human freedom.”

Thesis Statement This thesis investigates the current under representation of design solutions in the Australian market for people living with hearing impairment. In Australia, according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1 in 6 Australians live with some kind of hearing impairment, translating an estimated 30,000 individuals. Compared with design solutions available to people living with mobility impairment, the solutions offered to people with hearing impairment are often limited and require unique solutions for quality of living.

The research conducted identifies the difficulties that people living with hearing impairments commonly incur, and current solutions offered. It identifies the importance of communication through visual prompts and aims to further extend the catalogue of aids for the hearing impaired through the use of architectural design. Offered in the thesis are solutions that will aid people with hearing impairments move more safely through spaces through chamfering of circulation wall corners, communicate easily with others by creating open and visually connected spaces which collectively help to build confidence in their domestic environment.

CONTENTS

THESIS STATEMENT 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Research 2.1 NDIS 2.2 NDIS & Current House Market 2.3 Disability in Australia 2.4 Hearing Impairment 2.5 How Hearing Impairment impact their life?

2.6 DeafSpace 2.7 Architectural Concerns for people with Hearing Impairment 2.8 Precedence 3.0 Housing Analysis 3.1 House Analysis 3.2 Spatial Analysis 3.3 Qualitative Analysis 3.4 Specific Analysis (for Hearing Impairment) 3.5 Discussion

11 13 14 17 18 20 23 27 29 33 47 48 50 51

4.0 Design Discussion 4.1 Summary from Research & Housing Analysis 4.2 Problem & Solution 5.0 Site Analysis 5.1 Proposed Site 5.2 About Coburg 6.0 Design Process 6.1 Form making of Apartment Building 6.1.1 Determined Shape of Apartment Building 6.1.2 Form Generation of Apartment Building 6.1.3 Material & Articulation 6.2 Design Guideline for Apartment Units 6.2.1 Apartment Units Types 6.2.2 Hearing Impairment Idea Implements 6.2.3 Design Process 6.2.4 Material Palette 6.2.5 A day in Apartment 6.2.6 Analysis 6.3 Form making of Townhouse Group 6.3.1 Determined Form of Townhouse Group 6.3.2 Material & Articulation 6.4 Design Guideline for Townhouse Unit 6.4.1 Hearing Impairment Idea Implements 6.4.2 Design Process

59 61 65 69 71 72 76 82 85 86 91 97 104 108 120 121 122 125 127 129 133

6.4.3 Material Palette 6.4.4 A day in Townhouse 6.4.5 Analysis 7.0 Reference

146 151 161 163

1.0

Introduction

Introduction HOUSE FOR EVERYONE Australian government has recognised that many residences are experiencing problems with housing affordability, especially people with disability. As housing plays an important role in people’s health and well-being, community strengthening and the shape of the city, affordability, choice diversity and duality and amenity are topic for housing development in future. To achieve the goal, not only social and economic problem shall be focused but also the housing design shall play a role for developing sustainable, lively and just city.

This report turn the focus to housing design for people with disability who are the majority that facing house problems and try to find the way for the solution of housing that adaptive to people regardless with their disability. One of the disabilities and examples of housing from current market will be analysed for later study on adaptable housing design for people includes people with disability.

11

2.1

Research

What is NDIS? NDIS stands for National Disability Insurance Scheme, which is a social insurance program acts as a support to meet the needs from Australian who living with a permanent and significant disability that affects their daily activities. NDIS gives choices and controls for people living with disability (target age under 65) in order to help them achieve their life goals and raise their life quality includes living independence, community involvement, education and health & well-being (NDIS 2014).

What is NDIS goals?

• Help participants to pursue their goals, objectives and aspirations • Help increase participants’ independence • Help raise social and economic awareness and participation • Help participant’s involvement in the community

13

Research

2.2

NDIS & House Market People with a disability in Australia are: -Having significantly lower incomes -Having lower assets/capital -More likely to be in housing stress -Less likely to be home owners -More likely if renting, to be in social housing -Less likely to live in a family household -Making more housing decisions based on the needs of a family member with disability (Housing Action Network, 2014)

14

Research

Current issues in the housing market: Private rental: -Due to design issues and high cost, many rental house in the market are not adaptable and affordable for people with disability -People with psychiatric disability may struggle to maintain tenancy due to episodic nature of illness -Directly discrimination is always a barrier for people with disability renting house -A few properties in the private housing rental market are suitable for people with disability -People with disability may be refused to rent a house due to house modification problems. The modification also hinder people with disability moving to a new unit that they may lose it Owner occupation: -Due to lack of capital and income, the home purchase for many people with disability is out of reach -Most of the affordable houses-tocks are far away from infrastructure and services that bring inconvenience to people with disability -Home modification is not common because they are unaffordable to people with disability -Same as rental market, there are few properties suitable for people with disability (Housing Action Network, 2014)

15

Research

As more people with disability are seeking to live independently by the help of NDIS, housing demand will also increase. Demanding for housing will bring pressure on rental housing, especially social rental housing due to low income profile (Housing Action Network, 2014). However, in the current house market there are fairly few properties adaptable and affordable for people with disability.

There are chances for NDIS and house market collaboration.

Facing on the raising housing demands, government sorts out the outcome of future housing in the aim of having houses suitable for residence needs change over their lifetime. Housing affordability, diversity of house choice and good quality design and amenity are problems and opportunities for future housing (City of Melbourne, 2013).

More accessible, adaptable and universal designed and affordable properties shall be introduced into house market as one of the solutions for future housing in Australia. With the funds supported by NDIS, people includes those with disability can have houses able to sustain their better life.

16

Research

2.3 Disability in Australia Statistics • Over 4 million people ( 1 in 5 or 18.5% of the population) in Australia have some form of disability.

• 19% of men and 18% of women have disability in Australia.

• 2.2 million Australian of working age (15-64 years) have disability.

• 14.9% of people with disability are having core-activity limitation.

• 14.1% of people with disability are living in household and 0.8% of 14.9% are living in cared-accommodation

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Survey of Disability, Aging and Carers 2012

17

Research

2.4

Hearing Impairment What is Deafness, Hearing Impairment and Hearing loss?

Deaf is referring to people who partially or completely lacking in the sense of hearing.

There are many terminations describing different conditions of deafness. For example, Deaf, deaf and Hard of hearing are terms regards on how people with hearing problems communicate with others. Deaf (with ‘D’ in capital letter) are people who born with deaf or lost their hearing ability at early age. Auslan (Australian Sign Language) are their first or preferred language.

They are culturally deaf. The deaf (with low case letter ‘d’) is a more general termination for people with any condition result into their hearing lost. Auslan and oral methods are their ways to communicate. People with hearing lost who use speech as their communication tools are referred to Hard of hearing. (Deaf-blind information, 2015) Hearing Impairment (HI) is usually used to refer to people who are deaf or hard of hearing. However, some communities prefer a clearer reference of ‘deaf’ and ‘hard of hearing’ while they think HI is offensive that people who are culturally deaf shall not be referred.

Hearing loss is about lessen ability of hearing the sound. Hearing loss can be varied from mild, moderate, severe and profound.

People with profound hearing loss are deafness who are inability of understanding speeches through hearing.

18

Research

Aids for Hearing Impairment Hearing Aids

Hearing aid is an electronic device that help to pick up and enlarge sound as well as distinguish background sound. However, hearing aids is a helping tool to improve hearing but can not give hearing back.

Cochlear Implants

Cochlear implants are usually recommended for children or adults who are having severe or profound hearing loss in both ears. Cochlear implants are small device put under the skin behind ears during surgery that can pick up sound and send signal to hearing nerves, to improve deaf people hearing ability.

Lip Reading

Lip reading can be a useful skill for deaf people who lost hearing sense after they learnt to talk. By reading others’ mouth movement, people with hearing loss can get clues and understand the contents while others are talking.

Sign Language

Sign Language is another useful communicating tool especially for deaf people who lost hearing before they can talk or who born with hearing impairment. Meaning can be conveyed from hand movements and facial expression through using the sign language. Auslan is the sign language for Australian who with hearing impairment communicate with others.

19

Research

2.5

How Hearing Impairment impact their life?

Hearing Impairment brings non-life-threatening physical change to human body, however brings large impact on individuals, their family, friends,colleagues and communities. The inability of hearing brings profound social and emotional impact that results in communication difficulties.

People with hearing impairment are harder to engage in daily activities -They are harder to listen and talk to those close to them.

-They are harder to arrange everyday life like shopping.

-They are harder to access public transport.

-They are harder to participating in employment, education and social activities.

20

Research

Living with Hearing Impairment Hearing loss not only effects on people with hearing impairment themselves but also on others around them. For example, their family.

So how is the experience living with people having hearing impairments?

In some situations when talking with family members in another room, when talking with others and the TV is on or the dog is barking, when talking while washing machine giving out noisy background noises, normal people will find these communication habits are not ideal and they will get even worse for people with hearing impairment.

Hearing loss can make frustration for all. Sometimes people with hearing loss need louder volume to understand the TV shows.

Their family may choose to tolerate it or may have sleeping problems due to the sound. The lifestyle for people with hearing loss may not be accepted by their family members, sometime may result in collision. This may also be another cause for people with illness Conflicts are comment in every household. Communication is important for having harmony life, especially for those living with hearing impairment.

(Tseng, 2013)

21

Research

Notice when someone at door

Hearing Dog

Keep safety

Read sign language

Switch & Flash light

Notice when someone cooks in kitchen

Notice when there is fire alarm

Notice someone wake up

Sign Language

Teach baby with sign language

22

Communicate with other family members

Communicate via video call

2.6

Research

DeafSpace Sensory Reach Without hearing sense, vision and touching are two major senses for deaf people experiencing their surroundings. Compare with normal people, deaf people are always more sensitive with their vision that they can get cue from the movement of shadows, vibrations or even subtle shifts. They are more sensible on the experience and position of others around them (Bauman, 2007). Bauman gave advice for a DeafSpace was able to facilitate a ‘360 degree’ spatial awareness as well as orientation and way finding.

23

Research

Space and Proximity ‘Signing space’ is suggested in order to maintain a clear visual communication between individuals, which tends to be larger than a normal speaking conversation. Bauman suggested the basic layout of furnishings and building spaces should be affected by the ‘signing space’ (Bauman, 2007).

Mobility and Proximity In order to have a clear visual communication, sign language communicators will tend to keep a wider distance with each other. Their sight line will help them keep eye not only on the conversation but also the potential hazards around. When there is danger, the signer will also warn the hazard to the other. Letting signers to move in space without interruption shall also be considered when design circulation and gathering space (Bauman, 2007).

24

Research

Light and colour Sign communicators will get exhausted eye and missing attention when the light quality are poor. Light condition like glare, shadow patterns and back lighting can make difficulties when having visual communication. Colours are also factor that effect on visual communication’s quality. They can contrast different objects and help deaf people visually(Bauman, 2007).

Acoustic Deaf people are suffering different level of hearing loss and treated with different therapies. Individuals who wearing Hearing aids or Cochlear implants will be distracted from reverberation reflects from hard building surface. Even people with hearing impairment without device assistance can also distracted by unwanted sound, such as from background noise. The reduction of reverberation and other background noise sources shall be accounted to a proper DeafSpace design(Bauman, 2007).

25

Research

A good communication space design for deaf people shall consider: -Providing 360 degree spatial awareness -Proper layout for having ‘signing space’ -Reducing spatial interruption -Light quality and usage of colours -Building surface finishes -Maximising visibility -Minimising acoustic interference

26

2.7

Research

Architectural Concerns for People with Hearing Impairment Some considerations came out after talking with different people including some deaf architect. On dealing with the design of people with hearing impairment on commercial and residential design, they made following suggestions: Practical walls -walls less than floor-to-ceiling height Placement of windows -windows shall produce diffused light, not glaring light Building material -material such as clouded glass is good for having privacy and still feel open Floor finishes -use of timber flooring allow feeling of banging from other rooms -colour use on floor can also help people with hearing impairment distinguish floor and wall from their wide vision range

27

Research

Kitchen -open kitchen allow clear sight lines to adjacent rooms Switches -light switches shall be positioned outside of bathroom and bedrooms Circulate area -clear circulation area allow people can see each other comfortably -curved corners are better than right-angle corner or sharp turn Outdoor -wide and non-white sidewalks accommodate people walking and signing to each other without disruption from glare of sunlight

28

2.8

Research

Precedence

Gallaudet University student dormitory

By New York City-based LTL Architects

Base on DeafSpace principle, LTL Architect design this student residential hall for deaf student addressed to consideration of sensory reach, space & proximity, mobility & proximity, light & colour and acoustic.

29

Research Community Room Subtle amphitheatre-like slope community room allow clear sight line go through the space

Ground Floor Panelled ceiling and acoustic blanket are designed for tightly control of acoustic

30

Kitchen in Lounge

Kitchens are centralized and open to lounge. Students will never need to have their back to others when cooking, which help improve their communication

Research Staircase Staircases are functioning as intersection place rather than transportation for deaf students

Lounge Lounge design are open and spacious

Multi-use Space Public space use is flexible and adaptable for different activities (Source from Stinson, 2013)

31

3.1

Housing Analysis

House Analysis 5 apartments and 5 town houses are selected for housing analysis. Quantitative and qualitative analysis will be done on these house-stocks for investigating their suitability for people with disability in current house market.

(All the properties are picked from west, north-west and south-west of Melbourne with distance less than 35km to Melbourne Inner City) Apartment 1: 314/50 Catamaran Drive, Werribee South VIC 3030 Apartment 2: 14/116 Watton Street, Werribee VIC 3030 Apartment 3: 548/73 Lake Street, Caroline Springs VIC 3023 Apartment 4: 102/105 Pier Street, Altona VIC 3018 Apartment 5: 2/30 Ashley Street, West Footscray VIC 3012 Town house 1: 17/79-89 Lancefield Drive, Caroline Springs VIC 3023 Town house 2: 109 Gowanbrae Drive, Gowanbrae VIC 3043 Town house 3: 7 Gladstone Place, Werribee VIC 3030 Town house 4: 26/156 Bethany Road, Hoppers Crossing VIC 3029 Town house 5: 157 David Drive, Sunshine West VIC 3020

33

Housing Analysis

34

Housing Analysis

314/50 Catamaran Drive, Werribee South Melbourne VIC 3030

3 2 Type: Apartment

Living Room

En-suite

Dining & Kitchen

Bathroom

Bedroom

Balcony

Price: $444,500

Outdoor Area 21% 29m²

Habitable Area 49% 68.5m²

Circulation Area 13% 19m² Service Area 17% 24m² Habitable AreaDiningService Area 11% 19m²

Circulation Area

Outdoor Area

Living Area 44% 30m² Bedroom 45% 31m²

Storage 13% 3.2m²

Living Area

Laundry 11% 2.5m²

Kitchen

Bedroom

Dining

Kitchen 31% 7.5m² Bathroom 45% 10.8m² Bathroom

Laundry

Storage

A1

35

Housing Analysis

14/116 Watton Street, Werribee Melbourne VIC 3030

2 1 Type: Apartment Price: Start from $395,000 Outdoor Area 9% 8.8m²

Circulation Area 13% 12.5m²

Habitable Area 57% 54m²

Service Area 21% 19.7m²

Habitable Area

Dining 14% 7.5m²

Service Area

Laundry 8% 1.5m²

Kitchen

36

Circulation Area

Bedroom

Bathroom 24% 5.7m²

Bathroom

Outdoor Area

Dining & Living

Living Area 47% 25.5m²

Bedroom 39% 21m²

StorageLiving Area 11% 2m²

Building Exterior

Dining

Kitchen 57% 10.5m²

Laundry

A2

Storage

Living & Dining & Kitchen

Housing Analysis

548/73 Lake Street, Caroline Springs Melbourne VIC 3023

2 2 Type: Apartment

Kitchen

Kitchen & Storage

Dining Area

Living Area

Bathroom

Building Exterior

Price: $367,500

Outdoor Area 26% 30m² Circulation Area 8% 9.7m²

Habitable Area

Habitable Area 44% 50.7m²

Service Area 22% 25.1m² Service Area

Circulation Area

Dining Area Living Area 26% 30% 13.2m² 15.3m²

Outdoor Area

Bedroom 44% 22.2m² Storage Living 18% Area 2m² Laundry 6% 1.5m²

Kitchen

Bedroom

Bathroom 35% 5.7m² Bathroom

Dining Area

Kitchen 41% 10.5m²

Laundry

Storage

A3

37

Housing Analysis

102/105 Pier Street, Altona Melbourne VIC 3018

2 1 Type: Apartment

Bathroom

Price: $490,000 Outdoor Area 14% 12.3m²

Circulation Area 10% 9m²

Habitable Area 56% 51.5m²

Service Area 20% 18.7m²

Habitable Area

Service Dining AreaArea Circulation Area 17% 8.5m²

Living Area 28% 14.5m²

Outdoor Area

Kitchen

Bedroom 55% 28.5m²

Storage Living Area 16% 2.9m² Laundry 4% 0.8m²

Bedroom

Bathroom 36% 6.8m²

Kitchen

38

Bathroom

Dining Area

Kitchen 44% 8.2m²

Laundry

Storage

A4

Living Area

Housing Analysis

2/30 Ashley Street, West Footscray Melbourne VIC 3012

2 1 Living Room

Kitchen

Bedroom

Living Area

Bathroom

Balcony

Dwelling type: Apartment Price: $359,500

Outdoor Area 11% 7m² Circulation Area 19% Habitable Area 11.3m² 48% 28.7m² Service Area 22% 13m²

Habitable Area

Service Area

Circulation Area Bedroom 68% 22.2m²

Storage 10% 2m² Laundry 8% 1.5m²

Kitchen

Living Area

Bathroom 31% 5.7m²

Bathroom

A5

Outdoor Area

Living Area 32% 15.3m²

Bedroom

Kitchen 51% 10.5m²

Laundry

Storage

39

A1

A2

A3

A4

A5

Habitable Area

68.5m2

54m2

50.7m2

51.5m2

28.7m2

Services Area

24m2

19.7m2

25.1m2

18.7m2

13m2

Circulation Area

19m2

12.5m2

9.7m2

9m2

11.3m2

Outdoor Area

29m2

8.8m2

30m2

12.3m2

7m2

140.5m2

95m2

115.5m2

91.5m2

60m2

Total Area

Quantitative Analysis

Housing Analysis

Physical Disability

Qualitative Analysis

Social Interaction Public vs Private Adaptability Carers Access Noisy vs Calm Sight Lines

40

26/

40

20/

40

22/

40

25/

40

27/

40

Score

Orientation

Housing Analysis

17/79-89 Lancefield Drive, Caroline Springs Melbourne VIC 3023

3 2 2

Living Area

Kitchen

Bedroom

Living Area

Bathroom

Courtyard

Type: Townhouse Price: $399,000

Garage 22% 57.5m² Habitable Area 43% 28.7m²

Circulation Area 17% 11.3m²

Service Area 18% 13m² Habitable Area

Service Area

Outdoor Area

Garage

T1

Dining Area Living Area 13% 28% 8.5m² 14.5m²

Laundry 5% 1.5m²

Bedroom 59% 28.5m²

Living Area

Bedroom

Dining Area

Kitchen 20% 10.5m²

Storage 26% 2m²

Kitchen

Bathroom 49% 5.7m² Bathroom

Laundry

Storage

Circulation Area

41

Housing Analysis

109 Gowanbrae Drive, Gowanbrae Melbourne VIC 3043

3

2

1

Type: Townhouse Price: $430,000 - 470,000

Outdoor Area 3% 5.6m²

42

T2

Kitchen 29% 11.3m²

Storage 25% 9.9m² Laundry 9% 3.7m²

Kitchen

Dining Area Living Area 26% 25% 23m² 23m²

Bathroom

Laundry

Living Area Storage

Bedroom

Dining Area

Kitchen & Dinning

Bedroom

Living Area

Courtyard

Building Frontage

Garage 14% 26.8m²

Circulation Area 17% 34m²

Habitable Area 46% 89.8m²

Service Area 20% 39.3m²

Bedroom 49% 43.8m²

Bathroom 37% 14.4m²

Living Room

Habitable Area

Service Area

Outdoor Area

Garage

Circulation Area

Housing Analysis

7 Gladstone Place, Werribee

Outdoor Area 5% 6.4m²

Melbourne VIC 3030

3

2

Dwelling type: Townhouse

Circulation Area 17% 20.6m²

Habitable Area 47% 57.9m² Service Area 20% 24.7m²

1 Laundry 7% 1.7m²

Kitchen

Dining Area Circulation 7% 3.9m² Living Area 32% 18.6m²

Storage Habitable Area

Service Area

3m² Outdoor Area

Garage

12%

Bathroom 32% 8m²

Price: $295,000-300,000

T3

Garage 11% 14.2m²

Bathroom

Kitchen 49% 12m²

Laundry

Area

Bedroom 61% 35.4m²

Living Area Storage

Bedroom

Living & Dining

Kitchen

Bedroom

Bathroom

Ground Floor Corridor

Balcony

Dining Area

43

Housing Analysis

26/156 Bethany Road, Hoppers Crossing Melbourne VIC 3029

3

1

2

Dwelling type: Townhouse Price: $310,000

Storage 31% 7.3m² Laundry 6% 1.5m²

T4 Kitchen

44

Kitchen 35% 8.3m²

Dining Area 19% 11.9m²

Bathroom

Laundry

Circulation Area 13% 19m²

Bedroom 47% 29.5m²

Bathroom 28% 6.5m²

Living Area Storage

Outdoor Area 21% 29m²

Living Area 34% 20.8m²

Bedroom

Dining Area

Habitable Area

Kitchen

Bedroom

Bathroom

Dining

Courtyard

Habitable Area 49% 68.5m²

Service Area 17% 24m² Service Area

Living & Dining

Circulation Area

Outdoor Area

Housing Analysis

157 David Drive, Sunshine West Melbourne VIC 3020

3

2

1

Dwelling type: Townhouse Price: $360,000-390,000

Storage 27% 7.3m² Laundry 8% 1.5m²

Kitchen

Kitchen 28% 8.3m²

Bathroom 37% 6.5m²

T5

Bathroom

Laundry

Dining Area 12% Living Area 7.2m² 31% 19.2m² Bedroom 57% 34.9m²

Living Area Storage

Bedroom

Outdoor Area 8% 11.2m²

Dining Area

Garage 15% 21.6m²

Living & Dining

Kitchen

Bedroom

Bathroom

Frontage

Courtyard

Habitable Area 41% 61.3m²

Circulation Area 14% 21.5m² Service Area 22% 32.2m² Habitable Area

Service Area

Outdoor Area

Garage

Circulation Area

45

T1

T2

T3

T4

T5

Habitable Area

111m2

89.8m2

57.9m2

62.2m2

61.3m2

Services Area

47.8m2

39.3m2

24.7m2

23.6m2

32.2m2

Circulation Area

43.7m2

34m2

20.6m2

20.2m2

21.5m2

Outdoor Area

- m2

5.6m2

6.4m2

- m2

11.2m2

Car park Area

57.5m2

26.8m2

14.2m2

32m2

21.6m2

Total Area

260m2

195.5m2

123.8m2

138m2

147.8m2

Quantitative Analysis

Housing Analysis

Physical Disability

Qualitative Analysis

Social Interaction Public vs Private Adaptability Carers Access Noisy vs Calm Sight Lines

46

30/

40

25/

40

16/

40

25/

40

26/

40

Score

Orientation

Housing Analysis

3.2 Spatial Analysis A1

A2

A3

A4

A5

T1

T2

T3

T4

T5

Apartment

Apartment

Apartment

Apartment

Apartment

Town house

Town house

Town house

Town house

Town house

Bedrooms

3

2

2

2

2

3

3

3

3

3

Bathrooms

2

1

2

1

1

2

2

2

1

2

Cars

0

0

0

0

0

2

1

1

2

1

Dwelling Type

Average

140.5

95

115.5

91.5

60

260

195.5

123.8

138

147.8

$444,500

$395,000

$367,500

$490,000

$359,500

$399,000

$430,000

$295,000

$310,000

$360,000

Habitable Area %

49

57

44

56

48

43

46

47

49

41

48%

Service/Wet Area %

17

21

22

20

22

18

20

20

17

22

20%

Circulation %

13

13

8

10

19

17

17

17

13

14

14%

Car park %

0

0

0

0

0

22

14

11

0

15

16%

Balcony %

21

9

26

14

11

0

3

5

21

8

12%

Rating (out of 5)

3

2

2

3

3

3

4

5

3

4

Total Internal Area m2 Price

Rating System 5=5 areas within suggested range 4=4 areas within suggested range 3=3 areas within suggested range 2=2 areas within suggested range 1=1 areas within suggested range

Suggested area percentages % Habitable Area 40%-50% Service/Wet Area 10%-20% Circulation Area 5%-20% Car park/Garage 10%-20% Outdoor/Balcony 5%-15%

47

Housing Analysis

Living

General Layout

3.3 Qualitative Analysis

48

Dwelling

A1

A2

A3

A4

A5

T1

T2

T3

T4

T5

Totals

Is there obvious and defined separation between private and public spaces

0

1

1

0

1

1

1

0

1

1

7

Is there good opportunity for cross ventilation

0

0

0

0

1

0

1

0

1

0

3

Is the front door well located and have enough clear space

1

1

0

1

1

1

1

0

1

1

8

Is there a good, level access between garage and a dwelling entry

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

1

0

3

Are steps and stairs avoided where practical

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

10

Does the dwelling comply with the Livable Housing Guidelines minimum standard

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

1

1

9

Is space provided for logical and flexible furniture layouts

0

1

0

1

0

1

1

0

1

1

6

Is there a physical and/or visual connection between living, kitchen and external spaces

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

10

Is the kitchen delineated by a different flooring material

1

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

1

1

5

Is there adequate and evenly distributed day lighting

1

1

0

0

1

1

1

0

1

0

6

40

27

Wet Areas

Circulation

Bedrooms

Housing Analysis Is there a ground floor bedroom

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

1

Do bedrooms have good access to a bathroom

1

1

0

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

4

Is there space in each bedroom for a double bed with adequate circulation space either side

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

10

Is there sufficient built-in storage in each bedroom

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

1

1

9

Is the bed located against a solid wall rather than a window

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

10

Is there a clear and logical circulation path throughout

1

1

0

1

1

1

1

0

1

1

8

Do internal corridors have an average width to length ratio of less than 3.5:1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

10

Are circulation spaces obstacle free (ie. Door swings, furniture, steps, nib walls, etc.)

1

0

0

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

5

Are staircases straight in design with appropriate landings at the top and bottom

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

Is the dwelling accessible or able to be adapted to be accessible for the mobility impaired

1

0

0

1

1

1

0

0

0

1

5

Is there a ground floor bathroom

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

1

1

1

5

Is there adequate clear space in front of appliances and toilet basin

0

0

1

1

1

1

1

0

0

1

6

Is the shower accessible or able to be adapted to be accessible

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

1

1

9

Is there windows

0

0

0

0

1

0

1

0

1

0

3

15 12 10 15 18 19 20

7

18 17

Rating: (out of 24)

34

29

23

153/240

49

Housing Analysis

3.4 Specific Analysis (for Hearing Impairment) Dwelling

A1

A2

A3

A4

A5

T1

T2

T3

T4

T5

Total

Is there an open plan kitchen that can keep eye on living and dining area while cooking?

1

0

1

1

0

0

0

1

1

1

6

Does the circulation area have no sharp turn or right-angle corner?

1

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

1

0

3

Is there any distinguish colour difference between interior finishes? eg. wall and floor

1

0

0

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

8

Is there any measure especially for living area considering about proving diffused light rather than glaring light?

1

0

0

0

1

1

1

1

0

1

6

Is there a simple circulation route without interruption on each floor?

1

0

0

0

1

1

0

0

0

1

4

Are interior finishes especially in living area using acoustic approved materials? (eg. carpet or wooden floor rather than ceramic or marble)

1

0

0

1

1

0

1

0

1

1

6

Rating (out of 6)

6

0

1

4

4

3

3

3

4

5

33/60

50

3.5

Housing Analysis

Discussion According from spatial analysis, qualitative analysis and specific analysis, outcome can be found that there is no house that works well from all the analysis. For example, town house 3 with the highest score from spatial analysis but it is the least qualitative one and not really suitable for people with hearing impairment.

General conclusion can be made that from spatial analysis, the rating of quantitative study from town houses are higher than apartments. This different may be cause by the structural difference between two types of dwelling. Town house that has floor plans developed vertically can have enough room for different functional space. From qualitative analysis, most of the dwellings are rating at satisfactory. Dwellings work well on providing qualitative bedding space, however lack of consideration on bathroom design on which the influence the convenience and hygiene for people, especially for those with disability. From specific analysis for dwelling adaptability for people with hearing impairment, most of the rates are on average with some dwellings are highly adaptive and some are poorly getting use. Most of dwellings have distinguish colour tone among different building elements. Some of the dwellings go well with light and acoustic qualities, and open plan kitchen. However, few of houses do well on problems of sharp corner and complex circulation.

51

Housing Analysis

Open Kitchen Open kitchen with separate or round kitchen bench towards living/dining space allow visual connection that improves the quality of a communal space.

Kitchen (T4) The round kitchen bench allow the one who is cocking also pay attention on someone who is in dining or living room.

52

Kitchen (A2) The one who is cooking can not get direct sight lines with the one in other area when he/she is forced to turn their backs to others.

Housing Analysis

Circulation without any sharp turn and corner Less sharp turn and corner in circulation increase the safety for people with hearing impairment travel from place to place.

Circulation (T4) The curved corner allows people with hearing impairment notice others before they walk into each other.

Circulation (T5) The curved corner allows people with hearing impairment notice others before they walk into each other.

53

Housing Analysis

Distinguish colour usage The colour usage will effect on people with hearing impairment’s vision range

Living room (T1) Floor and wall are in contrast colour that help people with hearing impairment recognise different space

54

Kitchen (A3) Wall, ceiling and floor are in similar colour and are hard to distinguish

Housing Analysis

Diffuse light strategy Glaring light and other bad light quality result in sore eyes on people with disability when they are having visual communication

Living room (A4) There are balcony with shaded fence an d carpet help to diffuse the light. Clear window still allow light get in

Living room (A3) There are no measurement on window.

The use of ceramic floor increase the occurring of glaring

55

Housing Analysis Simple circulation without any interruption Clear circulation can keep good vision range and quality for people with hearing impairment

Circulation (A4) Simple circulation allows people with hearing impairment clear with their way.

It also provides convenience for carer while the privacy is the problem

56

Circulation (A3) Laundry blocks the circulation and hard to have people with hearing impairment span their vision range

Housing Analysis

Material use for acoustic measurement Vibrancy and background noise effect on hearing quality for people with hearing aids and cochlear implants.

Living room (A4) Carpet helps to reduce the vibrancy when some unwanted noise is produced

Living room (T1) Ceramic tile for provide hard surface for vibrancy of noise when things fall on

57

4.1

Design Discussion

Summary from Research & Housing Analysis For Hearing Impairment adaptive dwelling design, here are the key considerations: General: Light quality, Acoustic quality and Colour contrast Rethink: Simple circulation & sharp corners Innovation: Use of Shadow as notice

59

Design Discussion

60

4.2

Design Discussion

Problems and Solutions In Australia, 1 in 6 of people are suffering with hearing impairment. About 30,000 Australian are living in inconvenient without the helping of sound. However, there are few products includes architecture design in the market are designed for Hearing Impairment compare with other disabilities such as mobility impairment. It is essential to imply ideas for hearing impairment into dwelling where people spend most time with.

My project is going to focus on the architectural design for Hearing Impairment. One of the issues has be found that people with Hearing Impairment are hard to notice things around them, which will bring inconvenience to them and their family members, and will affect their quality of communication. However, people with Hearing Impairment are sensitive with the other sense such as visual sense. The intention of trying to maximize the sense of vision on people’s movement will be the concept for people with hearing impairment. Shadow is the key idea and will be discovered from time and spatial relationship within dwelling design. Circulation and spatial division where may bring obstruction for people with hearing impairment will be the elements for study.

61

Design Discussion

Hearing, the sense of sound perception is helping us get awareness of things surround us by capturing the vibration of sounds

62

Inability to hear will cause potential danger and insecurity where the space is lacking of visuality, which people with hearing impairment will be more sensitive on the other sense

The idea for improving living quality for people with hearing impairment is to maximise the sight line in their living space

Design Discussion

Time

Corner in circulation

Current

Radius Corner

Diagonal Corner

Avoid Corner

Time relationship - Make people with Hearing Impairment notice the other one earlier when turning corner - Maximise their vision and capture each other’s flicker - Reduce the hazard of people bump into each other

63

Design Discussion

Space

Spatial division from room to room

Current / Be obstruct

Cut out / Flicker

Lift up / Shadow

Translucent/ Silhouette

Spatial relationship - Make people with Hearing Impairment notice the others from private space (bedroom, toilet) to public space (corridor, living) - Maximise their vision and capture each other’s shadow of movement - Bring sense of control and safe, and make them live confidently

64

5.1

Site Analysis

Proposed Site

4 storeys apartment : 2-6 McKay Street, Coburg, VIC 3058 Current : 3-independent buildings group 30 Units

2 storeys townhouse : 2A Lobb Street, Coburg, VIC 3058 Current : 22 lots car park

65

Site Analysis

66

Site Analysis

Transportation

67

Site Analysis

68

Infrastructure

5.2

Site Analysis

About Coburg Established Couple & Families 19.4% Independent Youth 16.4% Maturing & Established Independence 14.8% Old Fashion Style

69

et

Bell Stree

t

70

ad

Ross Stre Approx.

580m 2

Sydney Ro

Approx.

3000m 2

Lobb Stree t

McKay Str

eet

Site Analysis

Design process McKay St.

6.1

Approx.

3000m2

Form Making of Apartment Building

GFA:2232m2 GFA:2232m2 GFA:2232m2 GLA:1940m2 GLA:1925m2 GLA:1924m2 Circulation: Circulation: Circulation: 292m2 307m2 308m2 Efficiency: Efficiency: Efficiency: 87% 86% 86%

2 buildings

GFA:2360m2 GFA:2360m2 GFA:2360m2 GLA:2041m2 GLA:2041m2 GLA:2052m2 Circulation: Circulation: Circulation: 319m2 319m2 308m2 Efficiency: Efficiency: Efficiency: 86% 86% 87%

1 building

71

Design Process

6.1.1

Determined shape of Apartment Building

GFA: 2094m2 GLA: 1573m2 Circulation: 521m2 Efficiency: 76%

72

Levels: 4 levels Apartment Units: 84 Underground parking lots: 81 (5 disabled parks) Temporary parking lots: 11

Design process

Ventilation

Natural Light

Connect with Nature

73

Design Process

Ideal Section

74

Public Corridor

Toilet

Public Corridor

Bedroom

Design process 75.5m2

71.6m2

52.4m2 52.4m2 52.4m2 52.4m2 52.4m2 52.4m2

63.5m2 63.5m2 75.5m2

71.6m2

Ground Floor

75.5m2

Typical Floor

71.6m2

52.4m2 52.4m2 52.4m2 52.4m2 52.4m2 52.4m2

71.6m2

75.5m2

63.5m2

63.5m2

63.5m2

63.5m2

75.5m2

71.6m2

52.4m2 52.4m2 52.4m2 52.4m2 52.4m2 52.4m2

71.6m2

75.5m2

75

Design Process

6.1.2

Form generation of Apartment Building

Initial Idea & Feedback

1. Does not have a good view, Retail and other function space are suggested

76

1

Design process

1 Mid crit & Feedback 1.Long corridor in the apartment 2.Too much waste circulation space

2

77

Design Process

Central door to side door.

Push inwards of lift core and the space can make one more unit.

78

Design process

Final version

79

Design Process

Ground Floor (not to scale)

Typical Floor (not to scale)

80

Design process

Section

81

Design Process

6.1.3

Material & Articulation White Render Paint

(External wall paint)

Grey Render Paint

(External wall paint)

Dark Grey Render Paint (External wall paint)

Red Aluminium Cladding

82

(As high light colour and decoration)

Sliding shade

(The device is applied at west facade for residence escape from light from sunset)

Design process

83

Design Process

84

View from McKay Street

Design process

6.2 Design Guideline for Apartment Units General • The accessibility of wheelchair • The clear division of Public and Private space • The clear division of Noisy and Clam space • The adaptability for occupants’ special condition • The accessibility for carer • The improvement of Sight Line

Detail • At least 1000mm circulation • Open kitchen • At least 1 DDA compatible toilet • Has window for living space • Has balcony

85

Design Process

6.2.1

Apartment Units Types

Type A 1 Bedroom Internal area: 42.7m2 Total area: 49.2m2

86

Design process

Type B 2 Bedroom Internal area: 66.8m2 Total area: 72m2

87

Design Process

Type C 2 Bedroom Internal area: 67.5m2 Total area: 75.5m2

88

Design process

Type C 2 Bedroom Internal area: 66.8m2 Total area: 72m2

89

Design Process

Type C as study

90

6.2.2

Design process

Hearing Impairment Idea implements The idea for implying idea for Hearing Impairment is to help them maximise their sense of vision and rise their awareness of others movement in order to bring safety and confidence.

91

Design Process

Corner

Diagonal corner is used in the circulation As cut of right-angle, diagonal corner enlarge the visuality of people passing the corner, and reduce the hazard of people bump into each other

92

Design process

Wall

Cut out / translucent material is used on spatial partition Wall can block views from space to space. When in a space rounded by wall, people without help of sound cannot get aware of people outside.

Openings or translucent material can help people get clues of things happening outside the room.

Moreover, the special measures will be used alone the circulation where people’s walking movements can be captured.

93

Design Process

94

Design process

Options Wall / Corner

Door

OPTION 1 (for Hearing Impairment)

OPTION 2

95

Design Process

6.2.3

2 5

Design Process 4 3 Initial design & Feedback 1. Laundry shall be put inside 2. Window for Living room 3. Detail of Kitchen (pantry/ fridge) 4. Curve corner may be difficult and expensive to construct 5. Rethink position of living room and dining room

96

1

Design process Kitchen side bench may bring better communication

Open window and bright kitchen and dining area

Cut out on wall for people get aware of outside movement

Exchange living and dining space and make living space close to balcony Move laundry from outside to inside

600mm for robe depth

Concave laundry between two bedrooms Cut out for Hearing Impairment

Articulate the diagonal corner

500mm distance shall be kept at the door open side that allow space for people with wheelchair take the handle

The distance between bed and deck or other fixtures shall be 1000m where can be wheelchair accessible

97

Design Process Diagonal corner with ‘see-through’ panel. It bring change for people stay in bedroom knowing people moving in kitchen, dining and living space

Sofa shall keep a gap from wall

TV bench shall be at least 1800mm This bedroom shall be main room for people with Hearing Impairment

Diagonal corner with ‘see-through’ panel. It bring change for people stay in toilet knowing people turning around corner, for example, when someone go out or come back

98

Details Cut out on door is cheaper than on wall, which can also achieve outcome

Design process

3 2 Mid crit & Feedback 1. Invalid area for wheel chair turning 2. The position of Laundry would bring noise to bedroom 3. Waste of space

1

99

Design Process

The space allows placement of pet mattress. People with Hearing Impairment can have their pets as assistants for their daily lives

Make more storage space that not only people with disability but able people are demanded

100

Folding desk makes more space for wheelchair accessing and turning

The distance between bed and fixture shall keep in 1000mm (from developer)

Push walls and create space for laundry and storage

Laundry concave in between bedroom will bring noise

The size of bedroom shall not less than 3m*3m (from developer), and it shall fit not only double size but other bed size (queen and king size)

The level change of ceiling can adjust the light difference and make different space experience

Design process

Final version

101

Design Process

Plan (not on scale)

102

Design process

Section A-A (not on scale)

Section B-B (not on scale)

103

Design Process

6.2.4

Material Palette Timber Floor

(Living space & Corridor floor)

Special designed Door (Option 1) (Bathroom door)

Polyurethane Vinyl Floor

(Wet area bathroom, kitchen, balcony floor)

Special designed Door (Option 2) (Bedroom door)

Wool Carpet (Bedroom floor)

Mosaic Wall Tiles

(Diagonal corner)

Ceramic Wall Tiles

Clear Glass

(Kitchen wall)

104

Translucent Glass

(Bathroom wall)

(Windows)

Design process

105

Design Process

106

Reference Design process

107

Design Process

6.2.5 A day in Apartment

6:45 Bedroom 6:30 Bedroom

108

9:00 Bedroom

7:30 Toilet 7:00 Kitchen

8:00 Dining

19:00 Kitchen

14:30 Corridor 10:30 Bedroom

18:00 Living

22:00 Bedroom

Design process

6:30 AM_ Wake up by morning sunlight_ Found my kitty sleep beside me_ And partner already woke up_

109

Design Process

6:45 AM_ Getting change_ Kitty woke up_ Oh, someone outside_

110

Design process

7:00 AM_ In Kitchen_ Need prepare the breakfast_ My partner is cooking_ My daughter is getting ready to school_

111

Design Process

7:30 AM_ In the bathroom_ Someone is leaving home_ It maybe my daughter, the school bus is coming_

112

Design process 8:00 AM_ In Dining room_ Having my food_ My partner is leaving, time to work_

113

Design Process

9:00 AM_ In the bedroom_ Time to read_ Oh, which page was it?_

114

Design process

10:30 AM_ In bedroom_ Received a video call from my friend who also with hearing impairment_ She asked me go for shopping_

115

Design Process

14:30 PM_ In the corridor_ Finish shopping and go back home_ My daughter already finished school, she is going to visit her friend, Emily_

116

Design process 18:00 PM_ In Living room_ Watching TV_ My daughter is back, time to cook dinner_

117

Design Process 6:45 AM_ Preparing dinner_ My partner is watching TV_ Where is my daughter? She may doing her homework now_

118

Design process

22:00 PM_ In the bedroom_ Why there is light?_ He still watching TV? I have to ask him to sleep_

119

Design Process

6.2.6

Quantitative Analysis

Analysis

Garage

Habitable Area

34.7 m2

Services Area

14.2 m2

Circulation Area

16.3 m2

Outdoor Area Car park Area (Underground)

7.6 m2 11.7 m2

Total Area (inc. car park)

84.5 m2

Total Area (exc. car park)

72.8 m2

Internal Area

65.2 m2

Outdoor Area 14% 11.7m² 9% 7.6m²

Circulation Area 19% 16.3m² Service Area 17% 14.2m² Habitable Area

Service Area

Outdoor Area

Garage

38/

40

Circulation Area

Dining Area Living Area 15% 20% 5.3m² 6.9m² Bedroom 65% 22.5m²

Quantitative Analysis Physical Disability

Habitable Area 41% 34.7m²

Living Area

Bedroom

Dining Area

Social Interaction Public vs Private Adaptability Carers Access Noisy Spaces vs Calm Space

Laundry 5% 0.7m²

Storage 20% 2.8m² Bathroom 34% 4.8m²

Sight Lines

Kitchen 41% 5.9m²

Optimum Orientation Kitchen

120

Bathroom

Laundry

Storage

Lobb St.

6.3 Form Making of Townhouse Group

Approx.

580m2

Bell St.

140m2

136m2

Ross St.

Design process

127m2

136m2 136m

2

Area: 136/136/136 (m2) Numbers of faces: 4/4/4 Shared Wall: 0 Car Access: East Walk Access: East - West

140m2

140m2

Area: 140/140/140 (m2) Numbers of faces: 3/2/3 Shared Wall: 2 Car Access: West Walk Access: West

127m2

127m2

Area: 127/127/127 (m2) Numbers of faces: 3/3/4 Shared Wall: 1 Car Access: West Walk Access: East - West Private Car Access

121

Design Process

6.3.1

Determined form of townhouse group

140m2

140m2

140m2

Area: 140/140/140 (m2) Numbers of faces: 3/2/3 Shared Wall: 2 Car Access: East - West Walk Access: East - West

122

Design process

Ground Floor (not to scale)

First Floor (not to scale)

123

Design Process

Townhouse Group Section

124

Design process

6.3.2 Material & Articulation

White Render Paint

(External wall paint)

Grey Render Paint

(External wall paint)

Aluminium Composite Cladding (External wall cladding)

Wooden batten (External porch sun shade)

Dark Grey Render Paint (External wall paint)

Red Aluminium Cladding

(As high light colour and decoration)

125

Design Process

126

View from Lobb Street

Design process

6.4 Design Guideline for Townhouse Unit General • The accessibility of wheelchair • The clear division of Public and Private space • The clear division of Noisy and Clam space • The adaptability for occupants’ special condition • The accessibility for carer • The improvement of Sight Line

Detail • At least 1000mm circulation • Open kitchen, living and dining space • At least 1 DDA compatible toilet • One ground floor bedroom • Has window for living space • A retrofit space for lift for mobility disability

127

Design Process

Form Making of Townhouse

128

6.4.1

Design process

Hearing Impairment Idea implements The idea for implying idea for Hearing Impairment is to help them maximise their sense of vision and rise their awareness of others movement in order to bring safety and confidence.

129

Design Process

Corner

Maximise the use of diagonal corner at the turning; If a right angle is unchangeable, placement of objects at the corner is suggested as the buffer and obstruct for people adjust their walking track

130

Design process

Wall

Translucent material is used on spatial partition Walls are also avoid to liberate sight-line

131

Design Process

Options Wall

Corner

Lift

Lift for mobility Impairment

132

OPTION 1

Space for storage

OPTION 2

Design process

6.4.2 Design Process 2

4

Initial Design & Feedback

1. Expensive to construct a internal terrace in an affordable townhouse 2. Rethink furniture layout of Living room 3. Rethink the position of ground floor living room 4. Too much toilet in townhouse 5. Large waste space

1 3

5 133

Design Process

Too expensive to have a internal terrace for affordable house

Wall will be heated by western sunlight, better put backyard at this side

134

Window for ground floor bedroom

A 3 bedroom townhouse does not need to have 3 bathroom

This space is inefficient

The townhouse shall be retrofit for lift for people with mobility impairment

Island kitchen create place for people communication

No floor plan is perfect. The ground floor bathroom can only have artificial light and mechanic ventilation

The displacement of furniture can improve people sight line

The toilet shall better not to face the door

Design process

Reduced one bathroom

135

Design Process

136

Design process

137

Design Process

3

Mid crit & Feedback 1. The width of corridor is not accessible for people with disability 2. Rethink the balcony 3. Rethink the function of Secondary Living space

138

1 2

Support for upper floor plate

Design process

A void on second floor made people on second floor can notice people open front door downstairs

Hinge door is cheaper and easier to construct than sliding door

139

Design Process

Final version

140

Design process

Final version

141

Design Process

142

Design process

143

Design Process

144

Design process

145

Design Process

6.4.3

Material Palette Timber Floor

(Living space & circulation floor)

Polyurethane Vinyl Floor (Wet area - Bathroom, car park, Laundry floor)

Wool Carpet (Bedroom floor, Staircase)

Mosaic Wall Tiles (Bathroom wall)

Feature Glass

(Ground floor bedroom ‘see through’ panel)

146

Design process

Timber Floor

(Circulation floor)

Polyurethane Vinyl Floor (Wet area - Bathroom floor)

Wool Carpet (Bedroom floor)

Mosaic Wall Tiles (Bathroom wall)

Metal Deck Panel (Roof)

147

Design Process

148

Design process

149

Design Process

150

Design process

6.4.4 A day in Townhouse

8:30AM Kitchen 6:30AM Bedroom

3:30PM Doorway 12:30PM Living

3:30PM Doorway

3:50PM In front of ground floor bedroom

5:30PM Second floor 4:30PM Second floor

7:30PM Second floor bedroom

151

Design Process 6:30 AM_ In the bedroom_ Woke up_ Dog is outside_

152

Design process 8:30 AM_ In the kitchen_ Having my breakfast_ Some of my friends went to university_

153

Design Process

12:30 AM_ In the living room_ Watching TV_ Victoria go back from shopping_ I shall go for some groceries too_

154

3:30 PM_ At the Doorway_ I finished my shopping_ James is cooking_ He brought his friend Bob and Bella who has inconvenience on mobility, to join the dinner_

Design process

155

Design Process

3:30 PM_ At the Doorway_ When I look up and find Emily smile at me_ Emily also came and will join the dinner_

156

Design process

3:50 PM_ In front of my bedroom_ A friend of Victoria, Grace who also with mobility impairment come and visit us_ She just finished using bathroom_

157

Design Process

4:30 PM_ On second floor_ After I visit Jessica’s room_ Emily is going up stair and may look for Jessica_

158

5:30 PM_ On second floor_ After I visited Jessica’s room_ I found more friends entering the door way and come for dinner_

Design process

159

Design Process

7:30 PM_ On second floor bedroom_ I want to have a chat_ Kelvin is reading books_

160

Design process

6.4.5

Quantitative Analysis

Analysis

Garage 12% 20m² Outdoor Area

Habitable Area

56.1 m2

Services Area

29.3 m2

Circulation Area

44 m2

Outdoor Area

20 m2

Car park Area (Underground)

20 m2

Total Area (inc. car park)

169.4 m2

Total Area (exc. car park)

149.4 m2

Internal Area

129.4 m2

12% 20m²

Circulation Area 26% Service Area 44m² 17% 29.3m² Habitable Area

Service Area

Outdoor Area

Garage

40

Circulation Area

Dining Area 13% Living Area 7.3m² 30% 16.7m² Bedroom 57% 32.1m²

Quantitative Analysis

37/

Habitable Area 33% 56.1m²

Physical Disability Social Interaction

Living Area

Bedroom

Dining Area

Public vs Private Adaptability Carers Access Noisy Spaces vs Calm Space Sight Lines

Laundry 3% 1m²

Optimum Orientation Kitchen

Storage 27% 6.2m²

Kitchen 27% 8.4m²

Bathroom 43% 13.7m² Bathroom

Laundry

Storage

161

7.0

Reference

Reference RESEARCH TEXT ABC News, 2013, DisabilityCare Australia: The national disability insurance scheme, viewed 18/08/2015, < http://www.abc. net.au/news/2013-06-28/disability-care-australia-ndis/4783344> Advokit, 2015, NDIS Objects, viewed 18/08/2015, < http://www.advokit.org.au/general-information/ndis-objects/> Audiologists, 2007, Types Of Hearing Loss, < http://www.audiologyawareness.com/hearinfo_hloss.asp> Australian Network on Disability, 2015, viewed 17/08/2015, < http://www.and.org.au/pages/disability-statistics.html> Commonwealth of Australia, 2013, DisbilityCare Australia, viewed 18/08/2015, < http://www.budget.gov.au/2013-14/content/glossy/ndis_policy/download/ndis.pdf> Deafblind Information, 2015, Deafness and Hearing Impairment, viewed 17/08/2015, < http://www.deafblindinformation.org. au/about-deafblindness/sensory-impairment/deafness-and-hearing-impairment> Department of Social Services, 2014, National Disability Strategy, viewed 18/08/2015, < https://www.dss.gov.au/our-responsibilities/disability-and-carers/program-services/government-international/national-disability-strategy>

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Reference

Education to employment, 2012, Hearing impairment or deafness, viewed 17/08/2015, < http://pubsites.uws.edu.au/ndco/ employment/what/hearing.htm> Gallaudet University, 2007, What is DeafSpace?, viewed 17/08/2015, < http://www.gallaudet.edu/campus-design/deafspace. html> Lisa Tseng, 2013, Huh? How Hearing Loss Affects the Entire Family, viewed 17/08/2015, < https://www.hihealthinnovations. com/page/familyhearingissues> MNT, 2015, What is deafness/What is hearing loss?, viewed 17/08/2015, < http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/249285.php> National Disability Insurance Schieme, 2014, What is national disability insurance scheme? viewed 18/08/2015, < http:// www.ndis.gov.au/document/what-national-disability-insuran> NHS choices, 2015, Hearing loss - Treatment, viewed 17/08/2015, < http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Hearing-impairment/ Pages/Treatment.aspx> Uncube, 2014, Acoustics, viewed 17/08/2015, < http://www.uncubemagazine.com/magazine-21-12784433.html#!/ page1>

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ABC News, 2013, DisabilityCare Australia: The national disability insurance scheme, viewed 18/08/2015, < http://www.abc. net.au/news/2013-06-28/disability-care-australia-ndis/4783344> Advokit, 2015, NDIS Objects, viewed 18/08/2015, < http://www.advokit.org.au/general-information/ndis-objects/> Audiologists, 2007, Types Of Hearing Loss, < http://www.audiologyawareness.com/hearinfo_hloss.asp> Australian Network on Disability, 2015, viewed 17/08/2015, < http://www.and.org.au/pages/disability-statistics.html> Commonwealth of Australia, 2013, DisbilityCare Australia, viewed 18/08/2015, < http://www.budget.gov.au/2013-14/content/glossy/ndis_policy/download/ndis.pdf> Deafblind Information, 2015, Deafness and Hearing Impairment, viewed 17/08/2015, < http://www.deafblindinformation.org. au/about-deafblindness/sensory-impairment/deafness-and-hearing-impairment> Department of Social Services, 2014, National Disability Strategy, viewed 18/08/2015, < https://www.dss.gov.au/our-responsibilities/disability-and-carers/program-services/government-international/national-disability-strategy> Education to employment, 2012, Hearing impairment or deafness, viewed 17/08/2015, < http://pubsites.uws.edu.au/ndco/ employment/what/hearing.htm> Gallaudet University, 2007, What is DeafSpace?, viewed 17/08/2015, < http://www.gallaudet.edu/campus-design/deafspace. html>

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Reference Lisa Tseng, 2013, Huh? How Hearing Loss Affects the Entire Family, viewed 17/08/2015, < https://www.hihealthinnovations. com/page/familyhearingissues> MNT, 2015, What is deafness/What is hearing loss?, viewed 17/08/2015, < http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/249285.php> National Disability Insurance Schieme, 2014, What is national disability insurance scheme? viewed 18/08/2015, < http:// www.ndis.gov.au/document/what-national-disability-insuran> NHS choices, 2015, Hearing loss - Treatment, viewed 17/08/2015, < http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Hearing-impairment/ Pages/Treatment.aspx> Uncube, 2014, Acoustics, viewed 17/08/2015, < http://www.uncubemagazine.com/magazine-21-12784433.html#!/ page1>

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Special thanks to my tutor Andrew Martel to my model Emily & Nicole And to all the colleagues