What If Cities Expanded and Contracted?

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED?

HARSHITHA MRUTHYUNJAYA

SHALOME PINTO

LINHAN YANG

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

INDEX

04 - 11

12 -23

2

Background

Vectors of Change + Visioning

24 - 33

Rules of the Game

34 - 43

Scenarios and Outcomes

3

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

P

roject explores the role of infrastructure (design) in assisting the frustrating yet delightful parameters of cities. The way of living is taking slowly a remarkable situation where the urban development is inevitable, and the cities are bound to become dense due to rise in population, while climatic change remains a puzzle to solve. These speculating scenarios would impact the unpredictable factors in the future. According to 2018 Census China is the city with largest urban population. In such extreme densities, there will be need for fast changing demands rather than fixation.

The situation will continue to worsen if we mindlessly adopt rigid forms of urban spatiality that are not adaptive and flexible. One of the best illustrations of this lack of flexibility are the investments in built forms for a specific event such as the Olympics that are often abandoned right after. We have seen this happen before in Brazil during the FIFA World cup and we see it again in China now in cases such as the Beijing Bird’s nest. Cities need to be flexible, an upgrade to architecture and planning which need to be tailored with time. Another important ongoing issue is climate change, and one of its major outcomes is flooding.

Flooding statistics in Taihu region shows rising water level and this calls for immediate action and to have resilient solutions for the future flooding seasons.

The new concrete developments, infrastructures like damns, roadways, and urban sprawling to accommodate the urban populations have made the land incapable of adapting to changing water level. One possible model is the idea of sponge cities. Moving away from the focus on just building cities as impenetrable surfaces, this system relies on a more sensitized, porous design that negotiates its growth with existing natural water systems and uses them to strengthen the renewal capacity of these cities.

4

5

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

What will happen to China in 2050?

China will gradually enter the period of urbanization, with populations growing.

Fluctuation in population : UN : 2050 Population - 1.42 billion National population and Family Planning Commission : 2050 Population : 1.376 - 1.44 billion

Mega Cities in Asia Four connected megaopolises and 77 separate cities of over 200,000 people and occure from Beijing to Tokyo via Pyogyang and Seoul

The level of Chinas urbanisation will increase more than 70% in 2050 China’s small and medium cities will be the important carriers of enlarging inland consumption and realizing industrialization.

New Delhi Karachi

Dhaka Hong Kong - Shenzen - Guangzhou, of China, home to about 120 million people

Mumbai

As metropolitan cities continue to grow at incredible rates alongside each other across the globe, their boundaries start to blur. This has given rise to a new scale of geography known as megaregions. These vastly populated settlements have interlocking economic systems, common natural resources and shared transportation links.

The Rise of the Megaregion

6

High - speed railways and aviation network: opposite theories of vertical and horizontal.

High - speed railway : promote the megacities the transfer of international manufacturing industry, the attractiveness of high - end services Inter city express railway - suburban railway: strengthen the connection between all levels of urban .

New technology and energy will affect profoundly The population carrying capacity of YRD will increase especially in suburban and rural areas, will be the application and demonstration of all the new technologies, vast prospects for development The global economic gravity : eastward moving From the view of development trend, the global economic gravity will shift to Asia. China, India will rise.

From the view of power scale, the global economic gravity will focus more on the level of the urban and the region : mega-cities, global cities and mega regions, etc.

Macro economy : post-industrilization system In 2050, China will basically complete the new industrialization, and gradually transform to post industrial system.

New economic growth point : Technology and services, commercial logistics, culture and entertainment, tourism and consumption and Urban agriculture.

They will occur in large cities and around urban areas.

7

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

Graph

Diagram

Rise of carbon emissions in Taihu region

Urban Sprawl and its related consequences

250,000

severe weather

10000

production loss

Agricultural land loss

Agricultural land displacement

chemical usage

200,000

global warming

8000 7000

150,000

6000 5000 4000

100,000

co2 emissions (million Mg)

GDP (billion 2000RMB ) or Energy Consump-

9000

Environmental Issues

0 1950

utility expansion

0 1960

1970 1980

1990

2000 2010 2020

2030 2040

private transport network

2050

Environmental issues - CO2 emissions - Economic issues - Social issues The effects of climate change are being seen in almost every corner of the world. China contributes to 27.2% of global carbon emission. According to climate data projections, the mean annual temperature will rise by 2.5°C by 2050.

Ground Recharge

habitat loss and fragmenting

Ground water salinity

distance to waste disposal sites

Urban Sprawl Issues

2000 1000

drainage

Economic Issues

3000 50,000

CO2 emissions

Travel

water storage

Rural areas

Water retention Lack of infrastructure

recreation facilities Social Issues water pollution quality of life isolation and division

upper/ lower class divide

poor air quality

respiratory problems

high noise levels

Urban Sprawl 8

9

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

Ghost City

Expensive unutilized Infrastructure

China

Bird’s Nest Stadium - China

The future action should be derived from the current parameters and should be able to get back to their original state. There is more than one possible solution, whose implications can be tested only with scenario making. Architecture and planning should be time bound and scalable and designed considering time as variable.

Inflexible Urbanism

Suzhou Crowds of people during the Chinese Spring Festival

Rigidity of Spatial Forms

10

11

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

Wetland Restorations

S

Combating rising flood levels

ponge City indicates a particular type of city that does not act like an impermeable system not allowing any water to filter through the ground, but, more like a sponge, actually absorbs the rain water, which is then naturally filtered by the soil and allowed to reach into the urban aquifers. This allows for the extraction of water from the ground through urban or peri-urban wells. This water can be easily treated and used for the city water supply. A sponge cities needs to be abundant with spaces that allow water to seep through them. Instead of only impermeable concrete and asphalt, the city needs more: Contiguous open green spaces, Green roofs, Porous design, Water savings and recycling.

12

13

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

In a densely developed hub, sustainable land use within and outside its borders helps people thrive by providing water, food, and recreation. High-capacity transit reduces emissions and speeds commute times

Climate Change

Geophysical Risks

Ecology : The future sustainable city is designed around natural features and forces, conserving wildlife habitat and natural resources. A vision for the locale, the city is compact and dense to limit impacts on the ecosystem.

Water : Securing upland water frameworks and thorough assortment and purifying of stormwater improve water quality. Wetland rebuilding and sponge city measures restore natural surroundings and secure against

Pollution

Biodiversity Loss

Energy : In future cities, energy is 100 percent inexhaustible. Enough force is created inside or near the city for it to be self-sufficient. Area buildings share energy resources, generating as much energy as they consume.

Waste : Production of energy or its alternative can be done through the use of waste material. Landfills and relinquished industrial zones are bit by bit changed over to different purposes and land uses after soil remediation.

Wastewater is treated for irrigation or human consumption.

Nitrogen Cycle

Fresh Water Use

Land use Change

Higher densities forming compact urban form facilitates higher productivity, shorter commutes, efficiency of public service etc.

Sustainable Cities Cities of the Future

14

Economy of the future city must work in tandem with policies that safeguard ecological sustainability. People adapt to more flexible working hours as artificial intelligence and automation become more widespread.

Food : Sustainability practices are mandated across the life cycle of a product, from food production to delivery and disposal. Global standards are established for organic farming and animal treatment; most produce is locally sourced.

Mobility in the city of the future is more affordable, safe, and convenient because of automated technology and high-speed rail. Fewer personal automobiles are on the road and more pedestrian space is available.

Livability : The city of the future is designed for accessibility and safety as more people populate urban areas. Residents have healthier lives with more streamlined access to nature, services, and automated technology.

Infrastructure : The city of the future is designed for accessibility and safety as more people populate urban areas. Residents have healthier lives with more streamlined access to nature, services, and automated technology.

15

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

16

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

17

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

18

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

19

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

20

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

21

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

22

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

23

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

RULES OF THE GAME Rule 01 : City contracts horizontally at incremental percentage with respect to time and location

The whole idea of the region is to be more compact and sustainable, hence the percentage of city contracts horizontally with respect to time and location.

Here time factor can either be seasonal that flooding and non-flooding seasons or phases upto 2050 or more.

24

Contracted City

25

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

RULES OF THE GAME Rule 02 : City expands in the vertical direction incrementally with respect to time and location

The projected GFA of 2050 is almost twice more than the current GFA, in order to accommodate this number the city needs to grow vertical. This helps in preventing urban sprawl and contracting the city that avoids leading to a host of problems, both economic and social.

26

Expanded City

27

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

RULES OF THE GAME Rule 03 : Incrementally, over the years, a percentage of existing permanent land use gets converted to temporary landuse

Allocation of land use has to be a lot more fluid to enable morphological and typological evolutions of the built forms over time. Temporary land uses can become a norm that can be periodically re-evaluated.

28

Permanent Landuse Temporary Landuse

29

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

RULES OF THE GAME Rule 04 : Lake line expands incrementally with respect to time and location

There needs to be an incremental expansion of lakes as the cities become more contracted and efficient.

This will lead to substantial improvements in the quality of life in the urban areas.

30

Lake

31

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

RULES OF THE GAME Rule 05 : Wilderness expands incrementally with respect to time and location

Similarly, there needs to be an incremental expansion of natural wilderness as well. As more and more ecological resources get protected, the city will naturally contract horizontally and expand vertically.

32

Wilderness

33

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

SCENARIO Scenario 01

Lake retracting by 5km and wilderness retracting by 2km would lead to substantial improvements in the quality of life in the urban areas. This would further allow the city to naturally contract horizontally, which is 50% contraction in this case. This is an ideal situation as it helps in managing of density and compact urban form which helps in slow downing urban sprawl. This lost GFA is being accommodated vertically and is considered to be ideal as the vertical scale is not intimidating and is relatable to human scale. Like these built forms become smarter, multidimensional in their impact and have incorporated principles of sustainability as a core value. Within the contracted city the permanent landuse is being to gradually to temporary landuse which enable morphological and typological evolutions 34 of the built forms over time.

Contracted City Expanded City Permanent Landuse Temporary Landuse Lake Wilderness

Parameters considered here are , Municipal boundaries are contracted by 50% Lake is retracted by 5km Wilderness is retracted by 2km 60% of the existing landuse is being converted to temporary landuse The city expands vertically at an incremental rate according to time 35

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

SCENARIO Scenario 02

Climate change is one of the most challenging externalities of indiscriminate urban expansion- and we see the consequences in regions such as Taihu, where flooding has led to massive losses in life and property and by retracting lake by 10km and wilderness by 10km which would help in protecting more and more ecological resources. But 80% contraction of municipal boundaries creates an imbalance between the built and unbuilt. This would make it difficult to accommodate the projected 2050 GFA without extremely tall towers which cannot relate to human scale. There are several principals that we hold to be critical.

Issues concerning ecology, conservation, mobility systems, liveability, water and energy systems have to be balanced across scales.

36

Contracted City Expanded City Permanent Landuse Temporary Landuse

Municipal boundaries are contracted by 80% Lake is retracted by 10km Wilderness is retracted by 10km 80% of the existing landuse is being converted to temporary landuse

Lake Wilderness

37

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

SCENARIO Scenario 03

Although the lake is retracted by 10km and wilderness by 5km, the 20% contraction of the municipal boundaries leading to urban sprawl, which further leads to a host of problems, both economic and social. It often leads to increased travel times, higher rates of CO2 emissions, an over reliance on private modes of transportation, segregation of neighbourhoods along economic lines.

Contracted City Expanded City Permanent Landuse Temporary Landuse Lake

38

Wilderness

Municipal boundaries are contracted by 20% Lake is retracted by 10km Wilderness is retracted by 5km 10% of the existing landuse is being converted to temporary landuse The city expands vertically 39

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

SCENARIO Scenario 04

In order to protect the ecological resources and water channels is it very important to avoid to building over or around these resources. In this scenario although wilderness is retracted by 15km but the lake is not retracted which could lead to flooding. The 30% contraction of the municipal boundaries is not good enough to contract the city economically and sustainably. Although the 70% of the existing landuse is being converted to temporary landuse gives required flexibility to the city in order to adapt to changing time/seasons.

Contracted City Expanded City Permanent Landuse Temporary Landuse Lake

40

Wilderness

Municipal boundaries are contracted by 30% Lake is retracted by 0km Wilderness is retracted by 15km 70% of the existing landuse is being converted to temporary landuse The city expands vertically at an incremental rate 41

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

SCENARIO Scenario 05

In this scenario only two cities that are Suzhou and Wuxi are being contracted in order avoid rigid forms of urban spatiality that are not adaptive and flexible. The cities have to be planned with time as a variable and the built forms need to be adaptively reused after the specific event to prevent waste of resources and can be adapted to any city as time demands. Lake and wilderness are retracted by 6km and 2km respectively which is ideal to protect the ecological resources.

Contracted City Expanded City Permanent Landuse Temporary Landuse Lake

42

Wilderness

And in the last scenario we were trying to make horizontal contraction only for 2 big cities that is suzhou and Wuxi, So these two cities are contracted by 30% Lake is retracted by 6km Wilderness is retracted by 2km % of the existing landuse is being converted to temporary landuse 43

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

Wuxi model Application of Scenario

2020

2040

2030

2050

44

45

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

Transcripts

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

Transcripts

Ben : Which is the preferred of the four options it was the first one, cause it was 50% contraction. Cause we’ve got separate cities, we got seven separate cities and they were pretty compact in itself. But they weren’t they werent too high. The relationship to the wilderness and and lake offset was what seemed desirable at that moment?

of land uses 2020, this one as possible percentage of 90.

That’s conversion temporary. 60% said I think the questions Ben : The question I have is on what criteria are you assessing success? Put it another way. how have you decided what the limit of branches contraction is versus the percentage of goodness area?

Ben : Um, so what does say? How does? So this is a 50% contraction in built area. How do you determine? What’s the center point? So if its contracting from the perimeter in, how do you determine what’s at the center? We’ve taken municipal boundaries as the boundary of the city and then contacted that. Its not from the centre point but more from the outside in.

I think we missed that mark. But what we did what we want was to give this system like early really can something like line of setback that by 10 kilometer your if it doesn’t work in this scenario, maybe I can take a scenario from scenario four of, say two kilometres and apply it to this, and then they start out. So it’s not like this scenario is the end. All of this is how it works. It can be 2 kilometers. It can be 10.

Ben : Is there a threshold Minimum city size? So that’s what like we try to like only 12 different scenarios like so at one point, like we have contracted to like 80% and to see that outcome would be like, we didn’t want to have like a definite sort of, um, vision beforehand. And I think we wanted the system to play out in itself what that would be. So you’re saying this is the best one. Yeah, in the sense of it’s still being like not too high in terms like the gfa doubling up and not being too contracted.

And that’s what we wanted to show the flexibility within all for that way. I think we couldn’t come up with a best case scenario, because it is, again, it has to be tested out in in actuality for it to put it to work, I think in that sense. So that’s why we couldn’t begin. Yeah, I think that’s why we that open ended in a sense. I know we need to define that, but yeah, I think that’s one way.

Ben : how do you determine the limit? So why is this one better than, say, a contraction of 90%? So what we started off with was this this vision of like you’re talking about about mega cities, but you’re still like die who is not it still or is still it’s still getting organized in that sense?

Yeah. that I think what we have like tested out to buy in terms of say graphs. We don’t have that. But it’s more like a visual analysis of what the street and could be. Ben : The question is like, you’ve said the ones better than the other one. And I’m not really asking about a graphical analysis, but you’ve made the decision. And you’ve decided that this is too much. the other one is just about right.

It’s not just horizontal contraction and vertical one. We have the other three percentage of land use converted and wilderness retraction and lead into action. And with this city 46

Ben : Um, my only other question, it was a statement around emphasizing temporary land use.

Could you just explain that a little bit more?

So what we’re essentially saying is right now at and in its current state, everything is permanent land use. What we’re in like an idealistic utopian sort of sense. What we is by 2050, everything is temporary land use.

So we’re giving you that flexibility of incrementally over time. Everything shift to temporary. And so, what happens is that the space can be defined according to time and function. the city is not defined in its footprint. saying that this is what the city is gonna be. But we’re giving, we’re creating a system that eventually by 2050 becomes temporary. It isn’t. It ships out like little about in certain percentages, like 20%, 30% over time. And that chaos that up.

47

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

Transcripts

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

Transcripts

Ben : But exactly do you mean by temporary land use? Do you mean that the functions are not defined ? Yeah, not like at same. It’s not gonna be industrial forever. It’s say for 10 years, it needs to be industrial. Then it would be industrial or doesn’t if, say, the olympic games. Now, for example, and you need a lot of residential area That space can be defined into residential area if it needs to be. So the footprint is not set in stone. I think what is happening as we saw a lot of ghost cities in China, we shot a lot. And in general, across the world, you’re seeing a lot of different structures. And there’s also like like events like the suzhou festival where you don’t have enough accommodation for people in that area around that time. What do you do? So the area around it sort of because it’s temporary land. You that sort of changes to adapt to what you need at that time.

Ben : Okay, I think out of that proposition is really interesting. particularly around land use, citing which I think is in many ways a legacy of honest planning, which is quite problematic. Um, I think if I am understanding you correctly, you could almost say that you get to do away with dante launches zoning. And that’s an interesting proposition. But I think this the secondary consequence of that is sprawl.

So if you don’t restrict land use the current mechanism of land use planning is has an action to reduce blow as well as control years. I think you could split it and define removed the use component and have us have another system which is actually the limitation of sprawl, which is the preservation of you’re describing as wilderness. We describe as non built area. You put those two things apart.

And that could be really interesting. yeah. Can I just say something grasshopper script didn’t generate it. But what was supposed to happen was the wilderness, the lake offset along with the city contraction that was supposed to be a no build zone. contract to a point where the urban sprawl sort of eliminates itself and within the city boundaries, it’s sort of at a certain percentage. It changes to temporary overtime. So you come back the city over time, but that that parameter doesn’t rule him. Yeah. That parameters were set by the lake and the green space and the city boundaries. So in a 48

because of lack of ability with the script. Ben : Okay, That sounds understandable.

Felix : Yes, I think ben gave a a super. So feedback on this.

Um, he pretty much like the systems that you are trying to apply. So I think it’s good. I I I think you could continue on that a bit further and to see other our parameters start you affected. the issue of the sponge city was it’s kind of interesting in this clock can connected to your contraction of a footprint. So but I’m wondering if only in a kind of super high rise, our system is the only one that can provide that.

Is there other ways that you could make a sponge city with not going for for towers? I don’t know. Maybe not. But maybe you could explore that because I’m curious, what would be that system? Then? I don’t you were exploring the offsets from the lake. I was wondering if you could also explore the possibilities of actually having more legs or increasing the water out words in like around section of these. So I I don’t know how it works. I don’t know if that’s doable. Um, so I think I’m curious about the water landscape. How can this is how the war they’re landing field from. Which where are the flows, And can you reflecting that with your scenario?

So I think that those are my two points.

John : Yeah, I think the I’m just gonna quickly considering we’ve lost critics pretty quite a sort of abruptly a couple of comments. I think the temporary use aspect, it’s sort of so you talked a lot about that in your presentation, but you never really got to that in your project. It was a really interesting idea. And the inn, when we talked about it five or six weeks ago, the president was really talking about the kind of we go model where you have a city that sort of dramatically expands and contracts based on temporal time. Place. It was this idea that the city expect. There was a a contraction over time and then a kind of incremental seasonal contracts, expansion and contraction. I I think it’s just a pointer rather than sort of a criticism of a suggestion for the future. As if if you get to a point where you can’t, you haven’t really dealt with something. I I ditch it from the 49

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

Transcripts you haven’t really dealt with something. I I ditch it from the presentation. And again, this Spanish city thing like I think just rather than having like com tong jiang, we live from his name talking about sponge cities and branding at its sponge cities. I’d be talking about kind of maybe using some of that material as context for your project, rather authorizing it. Which I I know I sort of reviewed what you’re gonna present on the weekend or Sunday. And um, and I didn’t really kind of, I I should have probably been a little bit more explicit in my feedback, but at least you’re kind of looking for precedent. I guess I I completely agree with this idea of like so felix, you made the comment in the first group about the sort of the expansion of the lake being an option. And so in my mind, this is exactly that, like the idea that your project, if a more sophisticated version of this would be modeling, ah, the impact of climate change, because it’s significant in this area. This side is like flat beyond flats and saturated. It is just like it’s a Delta. So it is it’s very the flooding is one aspect, but it’s just basically know one, it’s almost at sea level. So it’s super susceptible to climate change. And that argument, I think maybe I I think there was a sort of, obviously you one of your group members stepped out and made things difficult.

And then the computational, because these were also recognized and challenging. But I I think it’s what is important to me is that you continued and you persisted with it and you never um, you never stop the kind of challenges the technological or the kind of challenges prevent you from completing the project. And one way or another, if it didn’t work, you kind of found a way around it. So I think that’s definitely fantastic. And I also really appreciated and enjoyed the dialogue that we had around cities over the semester. I think more than many at some of the other groups you guys have, You have really been interested in the culture of urbanism and city making. So I think that’s really great. And I look forward to continuing that conversation in the future.

50

51

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

20-04-2020

22-04-2020

Rules

Rules

THE CITY: TELEPORTATION - What if time was not a variable? We view cities as a dynamic system of push and pull, and most of these changes are controlled by the aspect of waiting for something/or someone else. What if we could produce instantaneously/automatically without the need for infrastructure/building codes/legislation? What if everything was so interconnected that waiting was not an aspect of our cities?

This challenges lessening the need for public transport, the need for infrastructure, and amplifying program intensity within cities to further remove this wait.

There is a compression of the city.

POTENTIAL PARAMETERS: Megastructures (self-evolving/no legislation/no limitations) Residential and commercial plots must assimilate into one typology by 2050 Any residential plot that is below 10 storeys be revamped to 20+ or more by 2035 Reduce the proportion of commercial and public buildings to (%) “Removing Roads” (Subtracting road % and retranslated to land usage for residential/commercial typologies %) (Focusing on densification of the city through amplification of program) Ground transportation has been completely replaced. (Reduce transport/pedestrian traffic % by 10% every decade) Reduction of Manual Industry (% reduction in large industrial plots, increase in the % of green space) The Why Factor - (variable of time/seasons/high fluctuations of population) https://thewhyfactory.com/news/the-wego-workshop/ Part (%)of cities can be “modular”, and modular cities can generate new buildings by (?). (standardised delivery of points to match the city’s requirements in certain land areas/infrastructural needs) To do: Continue with condensing the parameters and understanding how these rules/ conditions might affect the future city (2050 predictions) Consider how we will draw this information (making it understandable for the general public) Periods: 2020/2025/2030/2035/2040/2045/2050 52

53

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

20-04-2020

20-04-2020

Rules

Rules

We’re sort of reworked our parameters based on your comments from the Excel file. so when we were looking at this idea of I think the biggest question was the idea of teleportation everything about this time, I’m not being a variable and sort of viewing these cities more of as a instantaneous sort of matter in which while I think we were gonna sort of expand on that in a sense of four sort of parameters, one being this idea of mega structures, self evolving, no legislation and no limitations.

of can fall under the main sort of idea of time. and I’m not available. And then, yeah, do you wanna elaborate on the manual industry?

So the idea of residential and commercial ports assimilating into one typology by 2050, And any residential plot that is below 10 stories being revamped to 20 plus floors or more. But I’m based on those sort of comments from the previous group. Did you not want us to look at it in terms of a volumetric standpoint? I I I think that it’s just gonna be super hard to model that out. You know what I mean?

So, um, we will jump into the scale of the block. One of the block b is the chunk urban chunk this week.

But there will be more of a kind of like a test transect through the city to see so that we can move it. We can design it to scale. Um, but like I guess what I would suggest is that, you know, that’s the way of testing volume as a consequence, rather than a real driver. Um, but let’s go through all this. Don’t worry about you guys present the work and I will go back to it. So I think I I first sort of go through the process and then we can talk about how to develop. Sure, I think actually what kind if you’re on the two.

So one of the ideas of one of the parameters we were looking at was the removal of lords. And in terms of like percentage, how much we would do that.

Um, because like you can either completely take out thoughts or you can take it out 50% or only main infrastructure. Or like your internal roads, at what point do you take out roads? Because you’re talking about like an instantaneous study.

Now do you need jobs in that city? Is another question we were looking at. Um, yeah, then we also looked at the why factory, the link that you said and one of the interesting sort of conversations that we did have after reading that was the expansion and compression of cities.

Cause you’re talking about as in der ling talks about the modulus city. So we thought that could be a parameter, where because only we’re talking about time as a variable factors, right? And the existence or the nonexistence of time. And so then we don’t even spoke about like depending on seasons, whether cities expand or contract. We can look at that as a parameter. And that sort 54

larger? I think I’m in terms of this idea of manual industry. I think we’re considering this idea of automation in the industrial perspective. So I I guess the shift of a lot of industry then becoming commercial. So I think there was a percentage reduction in large industrial plots, especially in sort of the less developed regions of around lake tai. And then which is then figured back to increase in the percentage of green space. That was pretty much another parameter. Um. Yeah, those What we did was we sort of divided other work into saying for people take for sort of even come up with going for instance as to what the city would look like in terms of these parameters. But I think we had a lot of issue in terms of cognition and in terms of understanding how to do that. So we’ve done it in our own way, but like in our own individual way. But I don’t think it’s like like if you have to say show you ever really considered that it I think i’ll try, right? I don’t have any fears that. so this was sort of just are taking an approach through the mega structure parameter. I was trying to sort of imprinted into like five year increments. I’m taking a little sort of grid part of suunto which come are included. All sort of categories are green space, commercial in red residential and blue. hi residential inside of science. And industrial is a magenta. And i’ll just sort of playing around with these parameters. Um, storm of in black. And sort of creating these densities.

But I wasn’t really too sure whether this is the best way to represent them In terms of consolidating it, it um yeah yeah.

But that was just awful. My diagrams. Is anyone else wanna can you all open match generates starting school. So one of the things like mainly I was looking at was what the idea of deliberation is right now. And like just introduce like these sort of images popped up where you would end up having a portal in some parts of the city. Or the portals must be go at the center. And this was just about atomic transfer root of one of the particles that they’ve actually done. And so what it sort of tells you is that you would need to have some sort of centers for this or spaces. So it’s not like you can do it hypothetically. You couldn’t just do it from your room. Whatever that was like, what I got out of it, What I was looking at was if only the main infrastructure had to be removed, and all your internal roads end up becoming green.

So you have like the greening of your internal roads, you’re not roaming the roads and you’re not building over the roads, it just becomes out of the city. And it en55

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

20-04-2020

20-04-2020

Rules

Rules

d up becoming green.

So you have like the greening of your internal roads, you’re not roaming the roads and you’re not building over the roads, it just becomes out of the city. And it enhances the city in terms of pedestrian and the rest and sort of life only yummy.

And sort of highways, airports, your train lines. All of that gets moved out because gets removed, because you have, you have centers within the city where you could navigate through into bigger spaces. Um, yeah, and so then greeting and the greening of the roads along with the water within skin facilities with starting on act as a sponsored which was also one of like the discussions about the green city an increasing green space and facilitating flooding that happened out your so using the other parameter of the expansion and the detraction if you had to do that, and if the city is if you don’t take off all the roads there, Justin rhodes, they remain as pedestrian roads and internal connectivity.

If you had to expand the city during different times of the your, they would have to go lateral e they would have to have like a lateral expansion. And then we can detract and compress when there isn’t that much of movement within the city.

Yeah, sure. Can you open the other media? Yeah, just, yeah, yeah. So continuing with watching almost already planning competition and decompression, this isn’t answered densities and like spaces, the ones that amount out an ear or dense places which can before that for example, during olympics, like we have a lot more buildings, a lot more places coming up. But when the event is over, we’re left with a lot of spaces. And same with the example with Google. Like we have a lot of spaces which are not put into use now.

So keeping that’s in idle, we will mount out spots with you know medal. There are all usable spaces and pierce these faces that are not being used currently. And next one should I’m converting that or your spaces that are not being used of into green spaces and space. Other spaces can be combined together and made it vertical, so that you increase the density there and you take off the unused spaces and use them as green and not use them, or like no death as if I them should. The next one, this is the other scenario. So combine all the green spaces that, and then extremely densify these spaces that are being used, all the spaces that can be called as forming and spaces. That that doesn’t undergo compression, decompression. These are prominent. And the other green spaces can like down into cities of places where you decide or it can just be as open spaces.

56

57

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

24 - 04 - 2020

24-04-2020

Rules

Rules

•

X% of vertical expansion (Height limitation) (limit of Y density of people within a city). Once vertical expansion is saturated - horizontal expansion can begin

•

When expanding horizontally, after X (eg:15 kms) it stops only to achieve y density of people. Only once y density is achieved can the city further expand by Xkm

•

Modular city - modular functions ----(no specific types of buildings in the city, and the building types can be switched through requirements)

•

Fringe city - Flexible spaces allocated to different land uses

•

Vehicular transport roads will not be built beyond X limit to cater the expansive city. Instead Public transport systems like Trams and Train lines will be connected to the expanding cities. ( Movement of train lines and other public transport will be controlled in and out of the city depending on functionality, Use and populous)

•

% of pedestrianisation of roads at X time. During X time, Ywidth (number of ways) can be added or subtracted for the existing roads

•

Green belt ( sponge city ) changes according to flooding seasons. (The belt expands and detracts according to flooding levels)

•

Rental city (the expanding city does not have any permanency and ownership)

58

59

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

24 - 04 - 2020

24-04-2020

Rules

Rules

Vehicular transport roads will not be built beyond X limit to cater the expansive city. Instead Public transport systems like Trams and Train lines will be connected to the expanding cities. ( Movement of train lines and other public transport will be controlled in and out of the city depending on functionality, Use and populous)

60

61

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

GROSS FLOOR AREA (GFA) VISUALISATIONS OVERLAYED WITH INDUSTRIAL & COMMERCIAL POP. DENSITY

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

POPULATION DENSITIES FOR: RESIDENTIAL INDUSTRIAL COMMERCIAL (SUZHOU)

RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL INDUSTRIAL

GROSS FLOOR AREA (GFA) VISUALISATIONS

RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL INDUSTRIAL

62

63

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

26-04-2020 Rules Growth/ Expansion 1.X GFA per person and Y green space per person in the 10% footprint of the compact city Given: Population with double over time. GFA per person needs to be calculated. (density) ( green space ratio per person, how do we increase that within the city footprint) 2.Once the 2050 compact city is saturated vertically with the permissible density, only then can the footprint of the city can grow laterally by Y% of the existing city’s footprint.

Vertical and horizontal growth/density limits Permanent Growth 3. With the addition of 1 road in the city, 2 roads of equivalent or the bigger size will be removed.

The existing transport land use of the removed roads will be converted to permanent land use accommodating the new set GFA .

For addition of every 1 road, 2 roads of equivalent or bigger size will be removed.

The 2 roads removed will get converted to GFA that is Permanent Land Use Seasonal Growth 4. During high density periods of the year, X% of transport land use will be converted to flexible land use.

5. During below average density periods of the year, X% of transport land use will be converted into green corridors. .

During certain periods of the year, X% of roads can be subtracted and converted.

These roads are converted to Flexible Land Use. 6. During the flooding season, X% of all temporary land use gets converted to green corridors. (Sponge city) 2.(During flooding time/season) When the green corridors increase, the footprint of the city reduces . That is Retraction of the city .

64

65

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

28 - 04 - 2020

29-04-2020

Rules

Rules

Growth/ Expansion

THE CITY: TELEPORTATION - What if time was not a variable? We view cities as a dynamic system of push and pull, and most of these changes are controlled by the aspect of waiting for something/or someone else. What if we could produce instantaneously/automatically without the need for infrastructure/building codes/legislation? What if everything was so interconnected that waiting was not an aspect of our cities?

X GFA per person and Y green space per person in the 10% footprint of the compact city Once the 2050 compact city is saturated vertically with the permissible density, only then can the footprint of the city can grow laterally by Y% of the existing city’s footprint.

With the addition of 1 road in the city, 2 roads of equivalent or the bigger size will be removed. The existing transport land use of the removed roads will be converted to permanent land use accommodating the new set GFA .

During high density periods of the year, X% of transport land use will be converted to flexible land use.

During below average density periods of the year, X% of transport land use will be converted into green corridors.

During the flooding season, X% of all temporary land use gets converted to green corridors. (Sponge city) Every 10 years, the existing footprint of the city reduces by X%, accommodating the new increased GFA ( Existing + Y% of existing) Every 10 years, X% of monocentric land use gets converted to mixed use.

Other types : Permanent Land Use Residential Industrial Recreation Transport Commercial Industrial residential Temporary Land Use. Residential Industrial Recreation Transport Commercial Industrial residential Green corridor - Agriculture Mixed Use. Flexible land use

This challenges lessening the need for public transport, the need for infrastructure, and amplifying program intensity within cities to further remove this wait.

There is a compression of the city.

POTENTIAL PARAMETERS: Megastructures (self-evolving/no legislation/no limitations) Residential and commercial plots must assimilate into one typology by 2050 Any residential plot that is below 10 storeys be revamped to 20+ or more by 2035 Reduce the proportion of commercial and public buildings to (%) “Removing Roads” (Subtracting road % and retranslated to land usage for residential/commercial typologies %) (Focusing on densification of the city through amplification of program) Ground transportation has been completely replaced. (Reduce transport/pedestrian traffic % by 10% every decade) Reduction of Manual Industry (% reduction in large industrial plots, increase in the % of green space) The Why Factor - (variable of time/seasons/high fluctuations of population) https://thewhyfactory.com/news/the-wego-workshop/ Part (%)of cities can be “modular”, and modular cities can generate new buildings by (?). (standardised delivery of points to match the city’s requirements in certain land areas/infrastructural needs) To do: Continue with condensing the parameters and understanding how these rules/ conditions might affect the future city (2050 predictions) Consider how we will draw this information (making it understandable for the general public) Periods: 2020/2025/2030/2035/2040/2045/2050

66

67

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

Transcripts

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

Transcripts

Next one okay, I think there isn’t an illustration to this, but the production eyes Asian of roads according to different season events times of the year crystallization of the internal roads very so at some point when the city is like a little more at a lull, you have like 80% or if it’s like a peak, maybe you have only 20% or 10% of production eyes Asian of roads.

Yeah. So one of the another point was the rental city. so the expanded cities are rental city and has no permanency.

It’s flexible in terms of ownership. You have no ownership.

It changes with time. And also we were talking about land.

You so those parts are rental and belong to the government. And then, yeah, I think that’s about it. I’m just gonna make some comment because we today take a shorter session that to check in.

Yeah. Um, I think you get, again, my comment on wechat on late on Wednesday night was if you can’t script it, labor screen on. Sorry, this is a decay. Whoever had that, I can’t remember. Okay. All right. Yeah, I’m gonna. Yeah, again, if you can’t script it, it can’t be done. Say things like there.

But so let’s just work through this. I don’t mind vertical expansion. Say, look, you need to set a a roll around gf a per person as population expands. So you can’t determine expansion without um, having some way of translating a growth into jeff. Yeah, That’s the first thing. Say. Basically, you’re effectively saying there’s a rule. You could rewrite it, and I’m recording this so you can go back to it. you say not the city can’t grow until it’s great to saturation point. And so you need to set that point. Yeah, she’s sort of yeah. And then you could say that like the city can expand vertically or horizontally. But then you would imagine that those two rules in combination mean that every time the city expands horizontally, then it has to go up before it can go any further out.

Yeah. So what that means is that you need a strategy for read re allocating land like functions within re allocating land use. Yeah, that’s the price. They really I don’t actually know how that would be. But it could be to say that that no, there are none new land There is like all land use. I I I guess let me think. So I guess one thing you guys need to keep in mind is that 90% green space rule? Yeah, because actually your city can’t grow but horizontally. So let’s go back to that.

That rule can’t work, because this is currently more than not 10% Pro print. So your city has to shrink, or all the cities have to shrink. So that’s one thing you’ll find out. So actually, your vertical expansion thing could be to say that, like the vertical growth happens at certain points. And then, but vertical growth doesn’t happen horizontally until it’s reached a saturation point at a particular location.

So the actual footprint of the city weren’t waiting crepes, Then you could have a strategy for how the land uses real get can plan you. But because they know new no new um non I would call non green space land use designations.

But then within that the modularity like the city needs to be real great configurable within existing landed. Yeah, um, and I like point four and point three contradict each other, because if everything is modular and changeable, then the French city is unnecessary.

Yeah, like you don’t need flexible spaces of everything already flexible. Um. Then the again, like the road thing I think is is an interesting one, because like there can’t be any like, it’s sort of a moot point in a way like you can’t the role i’ve given you prevent you from. Really you can build new roads, but you can’t build buildings on it. like or you can build new road. But yeah, it’s like you for if you remove a road, if you build a ride, you’ll need to remove too, basically, maybe that’s another way that could be a rule.

Yeah, okay, modular functions, I think. But then that’s not about building. That’s about land use and a stunning.

For every road you build your remote to, um, you can take control. That’s the case. I can grow. And that’s um, bit leggy Um, so the pedestrian eyes Asian of road is interesting, but like removing road or converting rights and on karbate

68

69

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

Transcripts

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

Transcripts

uses its only useful at an urban scale. And the if you can liked, it can be replaced with g f a with Bob volume. Yeah, because otherwise it has no impact. Like people practically doesn’t make a difference with a walk of how fast they move around the city and enter the form of the city. And that’s it.

In some cases, it does. But yeah, so the xy removal of road is interesting. If you can give it a like, and is replaced with g f a so you could create, you say, you could say, create a new land use type called flexible land use, which can be built on road, which can come and go. So maybe that’s one thing you could do. I think the greenbelt one is the most interesting one, Because that like what you could sort of argue is but maybe what you could be sort of doing it saying creating new designations of land use like permanent residential, temporary residential, permanent industrial, temporary industrial stuff like that.

What kind of city reduction? And I can’t. Yeah, I think I don’t think you guys are quite there yet, but I think once you start them, like I don’t think it matters really in have another go.

And once you start to kind of draw these things out, you might adjust the rules as you and as the guy. Yes, but it’s getting closer, okay, Hopefully that useful feedback. Yeah, yeah. Ok, cool. So getting closer, I think maybe just those three categories, like rule for expansion, and then setting with the expansion and subtraction rules, finding ways for them to be moving at different times, time pastes. But spaces, I think, would be which?

And then making rules about like how long those can like how quickly they can change. Um. So I think you guys need a set of two or three or maybe trip for land use rules. Yeah, about how quickly those can appear and disappear. Yeah.

And that could be like and where they can go. So like on road in green space, what like green corridors and stuff like that, then you need a series of rules about like growth. So one is about where it grows in relation to g f a yeah. and like of the population growth, you need another set of rules about seasonal growth. Seasonal growth can only take place in the flexible or the kind of temporary land use zones and and then then you need a a set of rules about like subtraction. So I think you’re the thing I like about your sponge city green doubt rulers, you could say while the city reduces like in proximity to green corridors at certain times of the year. And then could be the city reduces its such overall in time based on climate change, I think breaking it up into three different roles like great rules for expansion and grow And like long term and short term rules for land use designation and and then rules for subtraction.

70

71

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

29-04-2020

29-04-2020

Rules

Rules

Every 10 years, the existing footprint of the city reduces by X%, accommodating the new increased GFA ( Existing + Y% of existing) Every 10 years, X% of monocentric land use gets converted to mixed use.

1. City expands horizontally by Xm2 per X – location and/or time City expands by 200km2 every 5 years. (post 2050) City expands by 500km2 every year .

2. City expands vertically by Xm2 per X – location and/or time City expands by 20m every 10 years. (2030,2040,2050) City expands by 50 m during festival/peak season.

City expands by 200 m during summer 3. City contracts horizontally by Xm2 per X – location and/or time City contracts by 200km2 urban footprint per day during the flooding season .

City contracts by 500km2 urban footprint per week during the flooding season.

City contracts by 1000 km2 urban footprint during winter .

Wuxi reduces by 10km2 urban footprint per week during the flooding season.

4. City contracts vertically by Xm2 per X – location and/or time City contracts by 10m per week during off season City contracts by 50m during off season City contracts by 100m during natural disasters/pandemic 5. You cannot build within 5km offset infront of the lake coast line.

6.During flloding season, 1km on either side of the flooding zone is flanked 7. Stacking of industries

City contracts by 250 sq.km during winter 250 KM CONTRACTION

Each city expands horizontally by 500 sq.km during Summer

72

73

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

29-04-2020

29-04-2020

Rules

Rules

Suzhou and Wuxi will have seasonal (festival) expansion of 1000sq. km each

During flloding season, 1km on either side of the flooding zone is flanked.

Xvolume3

During offseasons and or during flooding seasons the flooding zones expand to agrcultural lands.

74

75

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

29-04-2020

29-04-2020

Rules

Rules

City expands vertically by 20m every 10 years. (2030)

City expands vertically by 20m every 10 years. (40m - 2040)

76

City expands vertically by 20m every 10 years. (60m - 2050)

City expands vertically by 50 m during festival/peak season.

77

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

29-04-2020

29-04-2020

Rules

Rules

City contracts vertically by 10m per week during off season

City contracts vertically by 100m during natural disasters/pandemic

City contracts vertically by 50m during off season

78

79

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

06-05-2020

06-05-2020

Mid Semester

Mid Semester

Rules of the Gsme 1. Sponge city 2. Sustainable city - Higher densities forming compact urban form facilitates higher productivity, shorter commutes, efficiency of public service etc.

3. Stop urban sprawling which results in densifying one part of the city.

4. Due to events like Olympics and festivities enormous number of temporary housing and facilities will be made in the coming decade. After the event 90% of these spaces will be unused and wasted.

5. Unforeseen circumstances result in a majority of the commercial sector of the city being defunct and the city no longer operates as it was intended or designed to.

6. Advances in modular building technology allows cities to be flexible which results in city adapting to varying densities and events with time. (modular city)

80

81

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

06-05-2020

06-05-2020

Mid Semester

Mid Semester

82

83

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

06-05-2020

06-05-2020

Mid Semester

Mid Semester

84

85

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

06-05-2020

06-05-2020

Mid Semester

Mid Semester

86

87

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

06-05-2020

06-05-2020

Mid Semester

Mid Semester

88

89

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

06-05-2020

06-05-2020

Mid Semester

Mid Semester Horizontal contraction - Suzhou + Wuxi - 30% Horizontal Expansion - Remaining cities - 100% Vertical expansion - 50 + 10 for roads = 60 Coast line offset - 6km (every 10 years 2 km) Flood plain 100 percent roads eliminated from outside new footprint and compensated by x gfa

New proposed boundary

Existing boundary Lake line offset Flexible land use Roads

90

91

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

92

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

93

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

94

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

95

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

Transcripts

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

Transcripts

Maybe i’ll make a start. I’m really interested in the juxtaposition of the worst case in the best case scenario. So you’re saying that you get both horizontal and vertical. Sprawl is the worst was to both worlds.

Where is there preferred scenario? Can you go to that X and a metric? So we know the best case. Then it really answered. yeah, um. So I’m kind of interested in how you judge how much is too much. What’s the limit case? I I think the it kind of establishes where this is to brakes. So what would happen if you doubled the amount of volume? it has to be accommodated, would it still be the best case scenario? Like, is it still acceptable?

Adam? Are you asking us on? Yes? Yeah. I think we’ve not got in black because we’re still overlying the rules and I get what you mean. But like I think we’re still not reach that point of knowing what is good and what is appropriate. Or it’s just a visual sort of idea of what is this idea of a mega city and the sustainable city. Two, I do what extent they could that reach. I think we’re still at that point, and we still have to crack it.

What is what is good and water, but you’re already making the judgment about which ones? Good. So you’ve said ones once the worst case scenario, and one’s a better case scenario. So you’re already starting to make those judgments.

I think you can start to have, yeah, I think if you’ve got an intuition about drawn it basically, I think kind of testing the limits of the system will start to inform you about how you’re about the criteria that you use to judge it. So that’s kind of first base of advice.

The second piece of advice is also the second question, rather, is what happens in between at the moment, what you’re proposing is you reduce the city footprint by 50%.

What happens to the space that you’ve raised way you’ve raised the city? Are you trying to return that to a natural condition Not any. that was the idea of like more on like an ecological front, where it probably is accessible. But like it’s more of like this green, lush green space where it’s the 96

cities are isolated from that green.

Yeah, i’d like to kind of refer back to one of the comments that bridget made earlier, the green green’s not a universal casual, like there’s lots of different types of landscape. And I think like you’re setting up an opposition between what’s urban and what’s not as if they’re kind of two entirely separate categories. One, and they’re kind of self evident categories. So there’s a lots and lots of different types of city.

And there’s lots and lots of different types of landscape.

There’s also it’s not a binary position. There’s generally there’s quite a lot of overlap between those.

So I think I what you’re setting up is kind of interesting because you’ve set up from very hard edge. But you haven’t really talked about the qualities of the city that you’re kind of proposing all the qualities of the landscape. That’s kind of in between. Um, so I think you need to be kind of a a little bit more descriptive about those two conditions. One, the second thing is I think I don’t think it’s gonna be a like an echo lord, what it’s gonna be ecological. So everything is ecological.

But I don’t think it’s gonna be a natural landscape one because it’s it’s previously been city, but also in the sense that every landscape is constructed to a greater or lesser extent, in particular, in these sorts of environments. So it’s not gonna return to a pre constructed condition. It’s gonna be a constructed condition in some form. So thinking about what sort of constructed landscape it would be? Is it like something that could be really productive? And thinking about the future of these spaces? Can I just don’t answer one of those?

This the second point you made. So one of the first sort of this we looked at was the sponsor tees. And so they basically take wetlands and they become these buffer zones.

And between cities. I think we like that concept of having those wet lands become accessible and to the public. And they open in a sense, but they also facilitate that sort of sea level rising. So we were looking at that, but I think we’ve 97

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

Transcripts

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

Transcripts

gotten lost and not lost, but it’s just not in this at this level yet.

I’m just going to intervene here. One years got to step away in a couple of minutes. So you like to make a few comments just to finish your discretion. Yeah, I quite enjoy this presentation. I think the entire story is a very us move. And the logic is very clear. And eventually you choose the one side as the best case scenario that is trying to concentrate all the densities together and leave the rest space as much as possible. I think this is a and at least the opposition in your taking and the final rendering or collages that also represents the idea.

I I think it would be nice for you guys to think about. Is there any further possibilities? And this really the best because of the final clouds. Seems the two similar to anywhere else.

I if you can see it’s time, you can also say this my heart and is tall. It could be anywhere else. So is there mean something that is the can represent this location? I’m not saying you should do localization. I’m not a localization, I hope person and I totally agree that international style, even there’s no nation maybe in the future in this kind of sense, but on for the living behaviors, for the culture, as for the local situations. Maybe there’s something and stands out than my effect on the urban fabric.

Yeah, that’s my company. Yeah, thank you. Sorry, I have to.

That’s ok, thank you so much for joining us this evening. I think that last comment is, is the water that the presence of water in the urban fabric in title is perhaps most characteristic? Yeah, exactly. Yeah, But thank you so much for your time. Okay. Thank you. Um, maybe we’ve got time for a few more comments. And never did you wanna jump in.

Yeah, it kind of echoes. I use comments as well. I I love the use of office offsetting boundaries as a tool to kind of generate space for future development, or in this case, too, to safeguard green space.

tapped into. It seems now that just increasing the pressure on these envelopes and thus generating density is kind of a cure all and also both for what’s out of these bubbles, but also for the cities that should sort of pop up inside them.

And that’s obviously quite dubious. I don’t know what is what these bubbles can sustain in terms of density and how that should be realized. so I I think it’s really solid foundation to take the next step.

Thank you. Thank you. Um, bridget, do you wanna jump in?

I’ve just got a very quick one, which is I really appreciate the way you talk through your proposal. It seems that you’ve kind of that what you’re looking at, and then went through it very clearly and logically and with regard. So that was really nice. And I guess my question is, do all elements of the city scale equally? No, they don’t. Yeah, are some more susceptible to compression than others?

How do you balance between those? If you’re kind of squish ing one set of things, it does not have to publish somewhere else. We try that. I don’t wanna food, Yeah, I just. So that’s why one of the rules that was said was the height limit, where just sort of compress at a different rate as those do. And so your center suddenly goes up to compensate for what is contracting on the sides. So what we call it’s actually eventually so in yummy. Yes. So what we wanted to really understand that. But the city also has roads and parks and rivers and some of the things and be impressed and some of them can’t.

Um, but exactly as was just mentioned, that gives you these bubbles of potential, but the potential itself needs to be

Some kind of interested in attention between how you um, wholesale kind of scaling. You could play around with that.

That’s all. Yeah, yeah. Like the opportunity. Alright, get back to bridget for one. So earlier we were like looking at see if I have in terms of scalability. If I had like a 6 way road, if I had to contract it, and when I don’t need, it comes a 2 way road and that the other four lanes become flexible use. So I can have buildings that if I needed a fair enough, initially gf a those coming that in those sort of ways that are unused.

Those are new spaces. So we were looking at that dimension, but at the scale we didn’t show it.

98

99

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

Transcripts

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

Transcripts

that’s fine. I I should have known you would have a you get a numerical answer for me. And that, but also might be a way that isn’t necessarily isn’t necessarily about creating a localized design, but actually is allowing you to generate difference in terms of that. And and vision, yeah um. And you’ve got the last word you like to. Yeah, sure. Look, I think I just really right seems sort of rigor of this in the scenarios. And the yeah, I guess trying to really deal with it that you have very specific calculations, but also in trying to understand what some of the manifestations of that might mean for the city.

Think for me, the key thing it might have been mean, it was echoed by all of the other comments, which is around how do you strengthen the link between the the your discussion right up the front about the public ecology of what I can for how you redefine ecology. This in sort of context, I think, tried to then think about in some cases, how rather than sort of it, you all using default position of stepping back from it every time. I think trying to look at ways in which you might be able to find beneficial interaction between the two might be useful thing.

think you have to be careful. You don’t support for the other way that you’re really thinking about the ecology. But then you create a city that very difficult to then insert any kind of quality of life into it. So I think trying to balance the two would be the Challenge going forward.

Yeah, thank you. All right, sorry. I just wanted to sincerely think other critics or their time. And it’s quite late in melbourne and getting into the middle of the day in rotterdam and business time in shenzhen by the sounds of it.

So thank you so much for your time and your comments. I think they were equally insightful. And there’s a couple of really fantastic choice discussions there, which I think we can pick up and sort of used to drive the project forward. I I hope you guys can so join us at the end if possible. Or I’m certainly is about in the exhibition in whatever

I think that point about offsets was discussed. But I often wonder whether there’s a sense that very often the landscape system doesn’t doesn’t offset in the same way that you can property boundary, so that the try understand what the parameters are that come from founder understand the hydrology or even the environmental kind of considerations around that or even wetlands, etc, Sort of more organic than just the 10 meter 15 meter boundary that might take into consideration, probably feed you something like that. So I think where the two systems intersect, I think that’s where the kind of real the richness of your project is. And I think the other point was made about, I think is a really important one, that nothing that never was talking about that if there’s a disintegrator the chip like and very often the opposite sort of happened in cities that you try to control the built environment so much that he they take the ecological side from granted. And I 100

101

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

102

WHAT IF CITIES EXPANDED AND CONTRACTED ?

103