The Temporal City - Zeynep Birincioglu

City Under Control Zeynep Birincioglu

CONTENTS What is the City & What is Time?

1

Mining the City

6

Conflation

9

Change Over Time

16

Diurnal or the 24-Hour Peak

27

Elasticity - 10, 20, 30 Year Plan

29

Dotted Lines

39

Mid-Semester Proposal

42

Return Brief

56

Iterations 1-4

61

Final Proposal

96

The Temporal City

(ΔT)2

What is the City & What is Time ?

The Temporal City

1

(ΔT)2

What is the City and What is Time?

The Temporal City

Built on a particular system of development, the city dates back to an unknown date which suggests that the city is timeless as it does not have a past nor present or future.

(ΔT)2

It begins with a centre, an ergonomic public space that accomodates a large density of groups.

Moving away from the centre past the regular yet chaotic network of roads to an office district, cluster of old farm barns converted in to spaces for work. The barns decay and offices have to relocate or re-use other structures available.

In shopping districts, the decaying of facades represent the time that has passed but not it’s history. School districts furthest from the centre is where development has slowed down.

The Temporal City

Not enough time has been dedicated to building on or refurbishing this area as it is further away from new development near the city centre.

(ΔT)2

Therefore, when buildings are not renewed as frequently, they are not able to take advantage of new technology and resources.

The residential disctrict sits between the centre and the shopping district. Connected to these services, it moves, develops and renews faster. Overall, the city depends on the centre, and restoration.

Mining the City

The Temporal City

6

(ΔT)2

HOURLY PE COUNTS F PEDESTRIAN DEVICES

Variations in activity throu day on Febru 2021. With a Swanston Str pedestrian co that there is a within the cit leads to dens buildings alo and a rise in count.

The Temporal City

EDESTRIAN FROM N SENSOR

pedestrian ughout the uary 28, a focus on reet, the ount shows a main axis ty which nsity of ong that path n pedestrian

(ΔT)2

HOURLY PE COUNTS FR PEDESTRIAN DEVICES

During peak week, there i density of pe observed. Aft Flinders Stree people sprea towards the r CBD. The Temporal City

EDESTRIAN ROM N SENSOR

hours of the is a higher edestrians ter leaving et Station ad out rest of the (ΔT)2

Conflation

The Temporal City

9

(ΔT)2

The Temporal City

SWANSTON STREET / COLINS STREET

Data sets to review and test:

- Accessibility ratings of buildings in the CBD further away from

Swanston Street

- Refurbishment year of buildings

- Construction year of buildings

- Number of office buildings

- Program distribution nearby Swanston Street and On-street parking

(ΔT)2

ACCESSIBILITY RATING AND PEDESTRIAN COUNT

Accessibility ratings of buildings in the CBD are too low to accommodate all groups of people in Melbourne. Along Swanston street, where the pedestrian count is high, all buildings with street frontages are accessible, but ones that are more than one storey high are likely to have lower ratings.

The reason behind this study was to see if buildings closer to an area with high pedestrian count would have a higher accessibility rating or not.

The Temporal City

REFURBISHMENT YEAR

The Temporal City

Refurbishment year observed on block 15, 16, 25 and 26 along Swanston street adjacent to Flinders Street Station.

Many buildings have gone under renovation however, several historical buildings have been preserved.

(ΔT)2

OFFICE BUILDINGS

As a Central Business with commercial office rises that accommoda mainly located on the Therefore, pedestrians from Flinders Street St offices for work.

The Temporal City

District, the city is filled es. However, the high ate these offices are e outskirts of the grid. s usually spread out tation to get to their

(ΔT)2

CONSTRUCTION YEAR

The Temporal City

Melbourne CBD holds a lot of history in its buildings which are being preserved. It gives the city an identity. However, there have been new buildings constructed throughout the city, mixed in with the old.

(ΔT)2

PROGRAM DISTRIBUTION AND ON-STREET PARKING

Studying on-street park how frequent it is on b the programs that are

The Temporal City

king in the city and busy streets along with located nearby.

(ΔT)2

Change over Time

The Temporal City

16

(ΔT)2

MELBOURNE CBD DATA AND BLOCKS

The Temporal City

(ΔT)2

REFURBISHMENT YEAR OF BUILDINGS

The Temporal City

(ΔT)2

The Temporal City

(ΔT)2

The Temporal City

(ΔT)2

The building heights change as a representation of the amount of pe The Temporal City

edestrians in that area during different times of the day. (ΔT)2

Every 2x2 block of the CBD is modified according to different times o The Temporal City

of the day. From left to right, the height of the city increases. (ΔT)2

An elevation view of the shift in the heights of buildings according to suggesting that refurbished buildings develop in height.

The Temporal City

the time of the day and the pedestrian count. It ended up (ΔT)2

PROPOSED PROGRAMMATIC DISTRIBUTION OF BUILD

The Temporal City

DINGS

(ΔT)2

The Temporal City

(ΔT)2

POSSIBLE CITY CENTRE LOCATIONS AND AXIS

The Temporal City

(ΔT)2

Diurnal or the 24-Hou

The Temporal City

ur Peak

27

(ΔT)2

THE CITY OPERATING OVER A DAY

The Temporal City

(ΔT)2

Elasticity - 10, 20, 20 y

The Temporal City

year plan

29

(ΔT)2

RULE 1

The existing grid is to be reflected on to the ve portion of the city creating individual compartm programs, that will be built upon over time.

The Temporal City

ertical ments of

(ΔT)2

RULE 2

Increase walking accessibility for pedestrians b by decreasing the number of programs per blo increasing the floor area of buildings.

The Temporal City

by ock and

(ΔT)2

RULE 3

To improve performance and adaptability, all bu must be refurbished in accordance with the development of new and existing programs wit city.

1800’s

The Temporal City

1900’s

uildings

thin the

s

2020’s

(ΔT)2

RULE 4

The city centre is to be flexible and not be cons to one area, but rather move in close proximity and advanced buildings forming over time.

The Temporal City

strained y to new

(ΔT)2

RULE 5

The grid which the city exists upon must be fle and grow around the city centre where necess

The Temporal City

exible sary.

(ΔT)2

EXPANSION OF THE CITY ACCOR

The Temporal City

RDING TO REFURBISHED BUILDINGS

(ΔT)2

EXPANSION OF THE CITY ACCOR

The Temporal City

RDING TO REFURBISHED BUILDINGS

(ΔT)2

The Temporal City

PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT OVER 30 YEARS

A design form to visualise how programs can be organised by taking up the least amount of floor space as possible as it is becoming harder to find spaces for residential and office buildings currently.

In this representation, each program is being treated as a whole block rather than seperated in to 4 blocks. Overtime, the programs become mixed on each level without overlapping.

(ΔT)2

The Temporal City

PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT OVER 30 YEARS

There is currently no limit to how much the city can grow as there is always more space on top of existing buildings for a new level. Each level can be considered as a district or zone of the city.

(ΔT)2

Dotted Lines

The Temporal City

39

(ΔT)2

ELEVATION

The Temporal City

Demonstrating how long buildings are being used for or accessed at every hour in the heights of the buildings.

(ΔT)2

PLAN

The Temporal City

(ΔT)2

Mid-Semester Proposal

The Temporal City

42

(ΔT)2

MID-SEMESTER PROPOSAL The city proposes a modular arrangement of programs, increase in floor space per program, refurbishment of buildings, temporary city centres and new extensions of development. The existing Hoddle Grid is able to extend out along with the new growth.

The proposed city addresses current challenges with the competition for available land and space in the city, through vertical growth. It will shift to create new spaces every level and provide as much space as possible without taking over any extra floor area. Therefore, there is also extra space for pedestrian movement and shared zones.

The Temporal City

Refurbishment, city squares and grid expansions are progressively formed as a part of the growth of the city. Recently refurbished buildings automatically generate a city centre in close proximity, and eventually new construction begins around it, increasing the floor space and giving rise to employment.

The city shifts its focus to a different program each level, leading to a balanced distribution of functions and resources. As a result, it can accomodate more of the population and lead to a more efficient daily lifestyle.

(ΔT)2

RULE 1

Programs within the grid are to be arranged in modules that can be built upon overtime, witho overlapping of spaces.

1

2

The Temporal City

3

4

5

6

7

8

Movement within program

to out

Movement through programs

(ΔT)2

RULE 2

Increase walking accessibility for pedestrians b by decreasing the number of programs per blo increasing the floor area of buildings.

The Temporal City

by ock and

(ΔT)2

RULE 3

To improve performance and adaptability, all bu are to be in a constant state of change.

1800’s

The Temporal City

1900’s

uildings

s

2020’s

(ΔT)2

RULE 4

The city centre is to be flexible and able to relo close proximity to advanced buildings forming time.

The Temporal City

ocate in over

(ΔT)2

RULE 5 The grid must be flexible and grow around the city centre.

The Temporal City

(ΔT)2

PROPOSED CITY GROWTH

The Temporal City

(ΔT)2

PROPOSED CITY GROWTH

The Temporal City

(ΔT)2

PLAN AND SECTION

PROPOSED CITY DEVELOPMENT OVER 30 YEARS

The city expands vertically, shifting and changing in response to the flo which will increase with the amount of pedestrians. In the voids created there will be more space available to be utilised as shared zones and f

The Temporal City

oor space requirements d through this shift, footpaths.

(ΔT)2

The Temporal City

PROPOSED CITY CENTRES OVER 30 YEARS

City centres are created and demolished in response to the conditions and age of buildings changing throughout time.

(ΔT)2

The Temporal City

PROPOSED CITY CENTRES OVER 30 YEARS

The city centres trigger new development that exists outside of the original grid.

(ΔT)2

PROPO

A more cle single bloc forms while

The Temporal City

OSED CITY CENTRES OVER 30 YEARS

ear demonstration of the growth on a ck. The programs are represented by e refurbishment is represented by the colour.

(ΔT)2

Return Brief

The Temporal City

56

(ΔT)2

BRIEF The new city must originate from the existing fabric but not be constrained to it.

Building forms must not be permanent or complete but refurbished when the owners/tenants require a newer and more advanced space to increase efficiency and work productivity, enhance appearance to attract more people, boost creativity and so on.

These forms must advocate for maximum floor space for pedestrians and larger floorplates for building users. However to accomodate high density of residents, different conditions might apply to specific programs.

The city will grow vertically, shifting to generate voids accessible only to programs that enclose it, that can be used by pedestrians or as shared spaces.

The city will consist of city centres that are generated, re-arranged and replaced along recently refurbished buildings.

The Temporal City

OFFICE > 9,000 sqm Transparent to street To increase efficiency: Flexible spaces.

EDUCATION > 5,000 sqm

Transparent to street

SHOPPING > 9,000 sqm Transparent to street Open-air

ENTERTAINMENT > 9,000 sqm Transparent to street

PUBLIC/COMMUNITY > 5,000 sqm

Transparent to street

TRANSPORT > 10,000 sqm Transparent to street RECREATION > 9,000 sqm Transparent to street

RESIDENTIAL > 9,000 sqm Transparent to street Modular units, micro.

(ΔT)2

TYPES AND VARIATIONS

The Temporal City

(ΔT)2

REPRESENTATION OF DEVELOPMENT

The Temporal City

(ΔT)2

DIAGRAMS

VOIDS

INTERIOR

Interior of buildings operate differently to the city in general. Building work or study every day. Residential buildings are modular, and inde The Temporal City

RESIDENTIAL

gs are boundaryless, flexible and adaptable, changing how people ependent to accomodate a higher density of residents. (ΔT)2

Iteration #1

The Temporal City

61

(ΔT)2

OFFICES

All programs are taken from the floor space by block data and exaggerated where the program didn’t exist or where there was not enough to make a form out of it.

The Temporal City

EDUCATION

All programs maintain a visual connection to the exterior through transparent facades such as curtain walls.

(ΔT)2

SHOPPING

Shopping spaces are divided to provide openair walking paths in between stores. They also change in size to accomodate outlets and small shops.

The Temporal City

ENTERTAINMENT

Entertainment venues draw the street inwards and create an active street frontage. They are also completely transparent, inviting people in.

(ΔT)2

PUBLIC SPACES

Public spaces are open and inclusive. They do not have a specific function but are there as a canvas for people to create new spaces on.

The Temporal City

TRANSPORT

Main transport hub connected to the rest of Melbourne, accommodating cafe’s, restaurants and small public spaces.

(ΔT)2

RECREATION

Blurs the boundary between street and recreation spaces. They are mixed-use and flexible according to user preference. As an example, it could be used as an open-air gym.

The Temporal City

RESIDENTIAL

Modular houses. They can be pre-fabricated and installed without extra structural support.

Construction costs would be reduced and the process would become faster. A higher number of people can occupy these structures in a short amount of time.

(ΔT)2

ITERATION

This iteration creates opportunistic spaces through the shifting of eve applied to buildings in the city. The stilts above the top level are pre-b The Temporal City

ery level. The scaffolding is a representation of refurbishment and is built for future growth. However, there is a lack of light penetration. (ΔT)2

ITERATION

The Temporal City

(ΔT)2

ITERATION

Programs are stacked in random spots and connections have to be m light inside the city. The levels become accessible to different areas o The Temporal City

made between each level. In this case, there is very little exposure to of Melbourne by expanding out this way. (ΔT)2

ITERATION

The Temporal City

(ΔT)2

ITERATION

Growing horizontally but also vertically, allowing light to penetrate th with each floor plate. Thinking about each level separately rather tha The Temporal City

hrough. It produces different social environments and small cities an as a collective might contribute more to the users quality of life. (ΔT)2

ITERATION

The Temporal City

(ΔT)2

Iteration #2

The Temporal City

(ΔT)2

GROWTH ITERATION Level 1

Standard

Level 2

Office district accompanie

Level 3

Entertainment distrcit con shopping centres

Level 4

Residential and Shopping

Level 5

Residential district with p

Level 6

Education district. Univer

Level 7

Office and Residential dis proximity

Scaffolding

Provided for buildings be refurbishment

City Centre

Located next to refurbish controlled development o

ed by public spaces for workers

nsisting of entertainment venues and

g district

public and recreational spaces

rsity Campus with recreational spaces

strict. Office spaces and housing in close

eing refurbished or representing completed

hed structures. Represent new and of programs and expansion of grid

ITERATION

Refurbishment accompanied by city centres, lead to new developmen are connected to one another.

The Temporal City

nt. Growth occurs through vertical stacking where each of the levels (ΔT)2

GROWTH ITERATION Level 1

Standard

Level 2

Education district

Level 3

Office district accompani

Level 4

Entertainment distrcit con shopping centres

Level 5

Public and Recretional di

Level 6

Shopping District with res

Scaffolding

Provided for buildings be refurbishment

City Centre

Located next to refurbish controlled development o

ied by public spaces for workers

nsisting of entertainment venues and

istrict only

sidentials

eing refurbished or representing completed

hed structures. Represent new and of programs and expansion of grid

ITERATION

The grid expands with every city centre and buildings added. In this i buildings outside rather than inside.

The Temporal City

iteration, every level is seperated to allow people to move through

(ΔT)2

INTERIORS

The Temporal City

(ΔT)2

INTERIORS

The Temporal City

(ΔT)2

Iteration #3

The Temporal City

(ΔT)2

CONNECTIONS

The Temporal City

(ΔT)2

SECTION

The Temporal City

(ΔT)2

SECTION DETAIL

Recreation

The Temporal City

Centre

e

Office

(ΔT)2

ITERATION

The connections provide horizontal movement in the city while vertica The Temporal City

al movement happens inside the buildings. (ΔT)2

ITERATION

The Temporal City

(ΔT)2

LOCATION #1

Elevated above Flinders Street Station and other commercial building number of pedestrians.

The Temporal City

gs, the proposed city can be connected to major sites with a high (ΔT)2

LOCATION #2

The proposed city can also be elevated above Southern Cross Station The Temporal City

n for direct accessibility. (ΔT)2

CITY CENTRE

The Temporal City

(ΔT)2

CONNECTIONS BETWEEN PROGRAMS

The Temporal City

(ΔT)2

REFURBISHMENT SCAFFOLDING

The scaffolding for refurbishment has become a part of the footpath The Temporal City

h and therefore a part of the street frontage. (ΔT)2

Iteration #4

The Temporal City

(ΔT)2

PROGRAM TYPES

The Temporal City

(ΔT)2

THE CITY IN 2041

The break in between levels is a stretch of landscape that can be a g The Temporal City

garden or transformed in to a space like Central Park. (ΔT)2

THE CITY IN 2041

The Temporal City

(ΔT)2

EDUCATIONAL AND OFFICE BUILDING

Office buildings consist of flexible open spaces with no solid partition As a result, users have a freedom in choosing where they work and h The Temporal City

ns. Rooms or spaces can only be formed by furniture or other items. how they work. (ΔT)2

CONNECTION BETWEEN EDUCATIONAL BUILDING A

The Temporal City

AND RECREATIONAL SPACE

(ΔT)2

Final Proposal

The Temporal City

96

(ΔT)2

FINAL PROPOSAL The city addresses the data of Melbourne in regards to construction and refurbishment of buildings and the city’s programmatic distribution. The intention with this proposal is to manipulate said data or completely reinvent it to create a city under a new system and control, specifically by using refurbishment and rearranging programs individually in to strips to achieve a different outcome and benefit.

The individual programs have been extracted as floor space by block and altered to be organised in to one program per block. This aims to increase accessibility in and around the blocks and offer more floor space to building owners. Additionally, it prevents overlapping which increases pedestrian density and leads to unequal programmatic growth which can be seen currently in Melbourne, with residential buildings taking over office spaces in the city along with an increase in the population.

The Temporal City

Furthermore, the city is to grow and expand through stacking of levels vertically. Each level will concentrate on a different program and the resources it requires to strengthen its functionality and user diversity.

The buildings within the city will also go under refurbishment frequently, leading to new city centres and therefore the expansion of the city through extra development. Therefore, the original grid will no longer exist.

Additionally, the city proposes vertical travel to increase the amount of users inside while decreasing the carbon footprint as vehicle use becomes limited.

The interior of buildings in contrast to the exterior are flexible, modular and adaptable.

(ΔT)2

DATA STUDY

The Temporal City

(ΔT)2

APPLICATION OF DATA

The Temporal City

(ΔT)2

PROGRAM TYPES

The Temporal City

(ΔT)2

LOCATION AND SECTION

The Temporal City

(ΔT)2

PROPOSED CITY GROWTH

The Temporal City

(ΔT)2

PROPOSED CITY GROWTH

The Temporal City

(ΔT)2

SECTION DETAIL

OFFICE SPACE

The Temporal City Ian Nazareth | David Schwarzman RMIT Architecture Semester 1 2021 https://www.temporal.city/