City Under Control Zeynep Birincioglu
CONTENTS What is the City & What is Time?
1
Mining the City
6
Conflation
9
Change Over Time
16
Diurnal or the 24-Hour Peak
27
Elasticity - 10, 20, 30 Year Plan
29
Dotted Lines
39
Mid-Semester Proposal
42
Return Brief
56
Iterations 1-4
61
Final Proposal
96
The Temporal City
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What is the City & What is Time ?
The Temporal City
1
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What is the City and What is Time?
The Temporal City
Built on a particular system of development, the city dates back to an unknown date which suggests that the city is timeless as it does not have a past nor present or future.
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It begins with a centre, an ergonomic public space that accomodates a large density of groups.
Moving away from the centre past the regular yet chaotic network of roads to an office district, cluster of old farm barns converted in to spaces for work. The barns decay and offices have to relocate or re-use other structures available.
In shopping districts, the decaying of facades represent the time that has passed but not it’s history. School districts furthest from the centre is where development has slowed down.
The Temporal City
Not enough time has been dedicated to building on or refurbishing this area as it is further away from new development near the city centre.
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Therefore, when buildings are not renewed as frequently, they are not able to take advantage of new technology and resources.
The residential disctrict sits between the centre and the shopping district. Connected to these services, it moves, develops and renews faster. Overall, the city depends on the centre, and restoration.
Mining the City
The Temporal City
6
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HOURLY PE COUNTS F PEDESTRIAN DEVICES
Variations in activity throu day on Febru 2021. With a Swanston Str pedestrian co that there is a within the cit leads to dens buildings alo and a rise in count. The Temporal City
EDESTRIAN FROM N SENSOR
pedestrian ughout the uary 28, a focus on reet, the ount shows a main axis ty which nsity of ong that path n pedestrian
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HOURLY PE COUNTS FR PEDESTRIAN DEVICES
During peak week, there i density of pe observed. Aft Flinders Stree people sprea towards the r CBD. The Temporal City
EDESTRIAN ROM N SENSOR
hours of the is a higher edestrians ter leaving et Station ad out rest of the (ΔT)2
Conflation
The Temporal City
9
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The Temporal City
SWANSTON STREET / COLINS STREET
Data sets to review and test: - Accessibility ratings of buildings in the CBD further away from Swanston Street
- Refurbishment year of buildings
- Construction year of buildings
- Number of office buildings
- Program distribution nearby Swanston Street and On-street parking
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ACCESSIBILITY RATING AND PEDESTRIAN COUNT
Accessibility ratings of buildings in the CBD are too low to accommodate all groups of people in Melbourne. Along Swanston street, where the pedestrian count is high, all buildings with street frontages are accessible, but ones that are more than one storey high are likely to have lower ratings. The reason behind this study was to see if buildings closer to an area with high pedestrian count would have a higher accessibility rating or not.
The Temporal City
REFURBISHMENT YEAR
The Temporal City
Refurbishment year observed on block 15, 16, 25 and 26 along Swanston street adjacent to Flinders Street Station. Many buildings have gone under renovation however, several historical buildings have been preserved.
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OFFICE BUILDINGS
As a Central Business with commercial office rises that accommoda mainly located on the Therefore, pedestrians from Flinders Street St offices for work.
The Temporal City
District, the city is filled es. However, the high ate these offices are e outskirts of the grid. s usually spread out tation to get to their
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CONSTRUCTION YEAR
The Temporal City
Melbourne CBD holds a lot of history in its buildings which are being preserved. It gives the city an identity. However, there have been new buildings constructed throughout the city, mixed in with the old.
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PROGRAM DISTRIBUTION AND ON-STREET PARKING
Studying on-street park how frequent it is on b the programs that are
The Temporal City
king in the city and busy streets along with located nearby.
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Change over Time
The Temporal City
16
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MELBOURNE CBD DATA AND BLOCKS
The Temporal City
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REFURBISHMENT YEAR OF BUILDINGS
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The Temporal City
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The building heights change as a representation of the amount of pe The Temporal City
edestrians in that area during different times of the day. (ΔT)2
Every 2x2 block of the CBD is modified according to different times o The Temporal City
of the day. From left to right, the height of the city increases. (ΔT)2
An elevation view of the shift in the heights of buildings according to suggesting that refurbished buildings develop in height. The Temporal City
the time of the day and the pedestrian count. It ended up (ΔT)2
PROPOSED PROGRAMMATIC DISTRIBUTION OF BUILD
The Temporal City
DINGS
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The Temporal City
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POSSIBLE CITY CENTRE LOCATIONS AND AXIS
The Temporal City
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Diurnal or the 24-Hou
The Temporal City
ur Peak
27
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THE CITY OPERATING OVER A DAY
The Temporal City
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Elasticity - 10, 20, 20 y
The Temporal City
year plan
29
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RULE 1
The existing grid is to be reflected on to the ve portion of the city creating individual compartm programs, that will be built upon over time.
The Temporal City
ertical ments of
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RULE 2
Increase walking accessibility for pedestrians b by decreasing the number of programs per blo increasing the floor area of buildings.
The Temporal City
by ock and
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RULE 3
To improve performance and adaptability, all bu must be refurbished in accordance with the development of new and existing programs wit city.
1800’s
The Temporal City
1900’s
uildings
thin the
s
2020’s
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RULE 4
The city centre is to be flexible and not be cons to one area, but rather move in close proximity and advanced buildings forming over time.
The Temporal City
strained y to new
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RULE 5
The grid which the city exists upon must be fle and grow around the city centre where necess
The Temporal City
exible sary.
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EXPANSION OF THE CITY ACCOR
The Temporal City
RDING TO REFURBISHED BUILDINGS
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EXPANSION OF THE CITY ACCOR
The Temporal City
RDING TO REFURBISHED BUILDINGS
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The Temporal City
PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT OVER 30 YEARS
A design form to visualise how programs can be organised by taking up the least amount of floor space as possible as it is becoming harder to find spaces for residential and office buildings currently. In this representation, each program is being treated as a whole block rather than seperated in to 4 blocks. Overtime, the programs become mixed on each level without overlapping.
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The Temporal City
PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT OVER 30 YEARS
There is currently no limit to how much the city can grow as there is always more space on top of existing buildings for a new level. Each level can be considered as a district or zone of the city.
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Dotted Lines
The Temporal City
39
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ELEVATION
The Temporal City
Demonstrating how long buildings are being used for or accessed at every hour in the heights of the buildings.
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PLAN
The Temporal City
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Mid-Semester Proposal
The Temporal City
42
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MID-SEMESTER PROPOSAL The city proposes a modular arrangement of programs, increase in floor space per program, refurbishment of buildings, temporary city centres and new extensions of development. The existing Hoddle Grid is able to extend out along with the new growth. The proposed city addresses current challenges with the competition for available land and space in the city, through vertical growth. It will shift to create new spaces every level and provide as much space as possible without taking over any extra floor area. Therefore, there is also extra space for pedestrian movement and shared zones.
The Temporal City
Refurbishment, city squares and grid expansions are progressively formed as a part of the growth of the city. Recently refurbished buildings automatically generate a city centre in close proximity, and eventually new construction begins around it, increasing the floor space and giving rise to employment. The city shifts its focus to a different program each level, leading to a balanced distribution of functions and resources. As a result, it can accomodate more of the population and lead to a more efficient daily lifestyle.
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RULE 1
Programs within the grid are to be arranged in modules that can be built upon overtime, witho overlapping of spaces.
1
2
The Temporal City
3
4
5
6
7
8
Movement within program
to out
Movement through programs
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RULE 2
Increase walking accessibility for pedestrians b by decreasing the number of programs per blo increasing the floor area of buildings.
The Temporal City
by ock and
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RULE 3
To improve performance and adaptability, all bu are to be in a constant state of change.
1800’s
The Temporal City
1900’s
uildings
s
2020’s
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RULE 4
The city centre is to be flexible and able to relo close proximity to advanced buildings forming time.
The Temporal City
ocate in over
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RULE 5 The grid must be flexible and grow around the city centre.
The Temporal City
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PROPOSED CITY GROWTH
The Temporal City
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PROPOSED CITY GROWTH
The Temporal City
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PLAN AND SECTION
PROPOSED CITY DEVELOPMENT OVER 30 YEARS
The city expands vertically, shifting and changing in response to the flo which will increase with the amount of pedestrians. In the voids created there will be more space available to be utilised as shared zones and f
The Temporal City
oor space requirements d through this shift, footpaths.
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The Temporal City
PROPOSED CITY CENTRES OVER 30 YEARS
City centres are created and demolished in response to the conditions and age of buildings changing throughout time.
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The Temporal City
PROPOSED CITY CENTRES OVER 30 YEARS
The city centres trigger new development that exists outside of the original grid.
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PROPO
A more cle single bloc forms while
The Temporal City
OSED CITY CENTRES OVER 30 YEARS
ear demonstration of the growth on a ck. The programs are represented by e refurbishment is represented by the colour.
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Return Brief
The Temporal City
56
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BRIEF The new city must originate from the existing fabric but not be constrained to it. Building forms must not be permanent or complete but refurbished when the owners/tenants require a newer and more advanced space to increase efficiency and work productivity, enhance appearance to attract more people, boost creativity and so on. These forms must advocate for maximum floor space for pedestrians and larger floorplates for building users. However to accomodate high density of residents, different conditions might apply to specific programs. The city will grow vertically, shifting to generate voids accessible only to programs that enclose it, that can be used by pedestrians or as shared spaces. The city will consist of city centres that are generated, re-arranged and replaced along recently refurbished buildings.
The Temporal City
OFFICE > 9,000 sqm Transparent to street To increase efficiency: Flexible spaces. EDUCATION > 5,000 sqm
Transparent to street
SHOPPING > 9,000 sqm Transparent to street Open-air
ENTERTAINMENT > 9,000 sqm Transparent to street
PUBLIC/COMMUNITY > 5,000 sqm
Transparent to street
TRANSPORT > 10,000 sqm Transparent to street RECREATION > 9,000 sqm Transparent to street
RESIDENTIAL > 9,000 sqm Transparent to street Modular units, micro.
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TYPES AND VARIATIONS
The Temporal City
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REPRESENTATION OF DEVELOPMENT
The Temporal City
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DIAGRAMS
VOIDS
INTERIOR
Interior of buildings operate differently to the city in general. Building work or study every day. Residential buildings are modular, and inde The Temporal City
RESIDENTIAL
gs are boundaryless, flexible and adaptable, changing how people ependent to accomodate a higher density of residents. (ΔT)2
Iteration #1
The Temporal City
61
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OFFICES
All programs are taken from the floor space by block data and exaggerated where the program didn’t exist or where there was not enough to make a form out of it.
The Temporal City
EDUCATION
All programs maintain a visual connection to the exterior through transparent facades such as curtain walls.
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SHOPPING
Shopping spaces are divided to provide openair walking paths in between stores. They also change in size to accomodate outlets and small shops.
The Temporal City
ENTERTAINMENT
Entertainment venues draw the street inwards and create an active street frontage. They are also completely transparent, inviting people in.
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PUBLIC SPACES
Public spaces are open and inclusive. They do not have a specific function but are there as a canvas for people to create new spaces on.
The Temporal City
TRANSPORT
Main transport hub connected to the rest of Melbourne, accommodating cafe’s, restaurants and small public spaces.
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RECREATION
Blurs the boundary between street and recreation spaces. They are mixed-use and flexible according to user preference. As an example, it could be used as an open-air gym.
The Temporal City
RESIDENTIAL
Modular houses. They can be pre-fabricated and installed without extra structural support. Construction costs would be reduced and the process would become faster. A higher number of people can occupy these structures in a short amount of time.
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ITERATION
This iteration creates opportunistic spaces through the shifting of eve applied to buildings in the city. The stilts above the top level are pre-b The Temporal City
ery level. The scaffolding is a representation of refurbishment and is built for future growth. However, there is a lack of light penetration. (ΔT)2
ITERATION
The Temporal City
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ITERATION
Programs are stacked in random spots and connections have to be m light inside the city. The levels become accessible to different areas o The Temporal City
made between each level. In this case, there is very little exposure to of Melbourne by expanding out this way. (ΔT)2
ITERATION
The Temporal City
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ITERATION
Growing horizontally but also vertically, allowing light to penetrate th with each floor plate. Thinking about each level separately rather tha The Temporal City
hrough. It produces different social environments and small cities an as a collective might contribute more to the users quality of life. (ΔT)2
ITERATION
The Temporal City
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Iteration #2
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GROWTH ITERATION Level 1
Standard
Level 2
Office district accompanie
Level 3
Entertainment distrcit con shopping centres
Level 4
Residential and Shopping
Level 5
Residential district with p
Level 6
Education district. Univer
Level 7
Office and Residential dis proximity
Scaffolding
Provided for buildings be refurbishment
City Centre
Located next to refurbish controlled development o
ed by public spaces for workers
nsisting of entertainment venues and
g district
public and recreational spaces
rsity Campus with recreational spaces
strict. Office spaces and housing in close
eing refurbished or representing completed
hed structures. Represent new and of programs and expansion of grid
ITERATION
Refurbishment accompanied by city centres, lead to new developmen are connected to one another. The Temporal City
nt. Growth occurs through vertical stacking where each of the levels (ΔT)2
GROWTH ITERATION Level 1
Standard
Level 2
Education district
Level 3
Office district accompani
Level 4
Entertainment distrcit con shopping centres
Level 5
Public and Recretional di
Level 6
Shopping District with res
Scaffolding
Provided for buildings be refurbishment
City Centre
Located next to refurbish controlled development o
ied by public spaces for workers
nsisting of entertainment venues and
istrict only
sidentials
eing refurbished or representing completed
hed structures. Represent new and of programs and expansion of grid
ITERATION
The grid expands with every city centre and buildings added. In this i buildings outside rather than inside. The Temporal City
iteration, every level is seperated to allow people to move through
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INTERIORS
The Temporal City
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INTERIORS
The Temporal City
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Iteration #3
The Temporal City
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CONNECTIONS
The Temporal City
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SECTION
The Temporal City
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SECTION DETAIL
Recreation
The Temporal City
Centre
e
Office
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ITERATION
The connections provide horizontal movement in the city while vertica The Temporal City
al movement happens inside the buildings. (ΔT)2
ITERATION
The Temporal City
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LOCATION #1
Elevated above Flinders Street Station and other commercial building number of pedestrians. The Temporal City
gs, the proposed city can be connected to major sites with a high (ΔT)2
LOCATION #2
The proposed city can also be elevated above Southern Cross Station The Temporal City
n for direct accessibility. (ΔT)2
CITY CENTRE
The Temporal City
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CONNECTIONS BETWEEN PROGRAMS
The Temporal City
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REFURBISHMENT SCAFFOLDING
The scaffolding for refurbishment has become a part of the footpath The Temporal City
h and therefore a part of the street frontage. (ΔT)2
Iteration #4
The Temporal City
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PROGRAM TYPES
The Temporal City
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THE CITY IN 2041
The break in between levels is a stretch of landscape that can be a g The Temporal City
garden or transformed in to a space like Central Park. (ΔT)2
THE CITY IN 2041
The Temporal City
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EDUCATIONAL AND OFFICE BUILDING
Office buildings consist of flexible open spaces with no solid partition As a result, users have a freedom in choosing where they work and h The Temporal City
ns. Rooms or spaces can only be formed by furniture or other items. how they work. (ΔT)2
CONNECTION BETWEEN EDUCATIONAL BUILDING A
The Temporal City
AND RECREATIONAL SPACE
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Final Proposal
The Temporal City
96
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FINAL PROPOSAL The city addresses the data of Melbourne in regards to construction and refurbishment of buildings and the city’s programmatic distribution. The intention with this proposal is to manipulate said data or completely reinvent it to create a city under a new system and control, specifically by using refurbishment and rearranging programs individually in to strips to achieve a different outcome and benefit. The individual programs have been extracted as floor space by block and altered to be organised in to one program per block. This aims to increase accessibility in and around the blocks and offer more floor space to building owners. Additionally, it prevents overlapping which increases pedestrian density and leads to unequal programmatic growth which can be seen currently in Melbourne, with residential buildings taking over office spaces in the city along with an increase in the population. The Temporal City
Furthermore, the city is to grow and expand through stacking of levels vertically. Each level will concentrate on a different program and the resources it requires to strengthen its functionality and user diversity. The buildings within the city will also go under refurbishment frequently, leading to new city centres and therefore the expansion of the city through extra development. Therefore, the original grid will no longer exist. Additionally, the city proposes vertical travel to increase the amount of users inside while decreasing the carbon footprint as vehicle use becomes limited. The interior of buildings in contrast to the exterior are flexible, modular and adaptable.
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DATA STUDY
The Temporal City
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APPLICATION OF DATA
The Temporal City
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PROGRAM TYPES
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LOCATION AND SECTION
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PROPOSED CITY GROWTH
The Temporal City
(ΔT)2
PROPOSED CITY GROWTH
The Temporal City
(ΔT)2
SECTION DETAIL
OFFICE SPACE
The Temporal City Ian Nazareth | David Schwarzman RMIT Architecture Semester 1 2021 https://www.temporal.city/