103-L-4-h

Page 1

4- ifÙk;k¡ (LEAVES) isM+ ikS/ks vkSj iÙkksa ds fcuk ge izd`fr dh dYiuk ugha dj ldrs gSaA tgk¡ isM+ vkSj ikS/ks gksrs gSa] ogk¡ ij iÙks vk gh tkrs gSaA iÙkksa dk jax gjk gksrk gSA iÙkksa dh gfj;kyh izd`fr esa mHkj dj vkrh gSA izd`fr ls lEcfU/kr MªkWbax] bu ifÙk;ksa ds gjs jax ls vkjEHk gksrh gS] tks fd bu ikS/kksa ,oa ifÙk;ksa dk vfHkUu vax gSaA bl ikB esa ge ifÙk;ksa dh MªkWbax cukus ds fofHkUu n`f"Vdks.kksa ds ckjs esa lh[ksaxsA vxyk ikB Qwyksa dh MªkWbax ls lEcU/k j[krk gSA

4-0 mís”; izd`fr v/;;u dk ;g ikB vkidks fuEufyf[kr dk;ksZa dks djus ds ;ksX; cuk;sxk % • iÙkh dh MªkWbax cukus ls vkjEHk dj] mldh ljy js[kkvksa vkSj mlds vkdkj dh MªkWbax cukus esaA • iÙkh ds fu/kkZfjr vkdkj dks mldh eki ds vuqlkj le>us esaA • lkeus j[kdj voyksdu dj vkSj le>dj fo"k; ¼iÙkh½ ds fooj.k] tSls jax] Nk;k] VsDLpj vkfn dks cukukA

4-1

ifjp; ikS/kksa ¼ifÙk;k¡] Qwy ,oa Vgfu;k¡½ vkSj gekjs pkjksa vksj dh nwljh thfor oLrqvksa ds vkdkj ,oa fooj.k dk voyksdu djus ,oa mls vius thou esa mrkjus dk igyk pj.k izd`fr MªkWbax (nature drawing) dyk gSA ;g çÑfr esa ik;h tkus okyh fofHké oLrqvksa dk v/;;u gS ¼fp= 4-1½A tc vki cxhps esa] taxy esa ?kweus fudyrs gSa rks vki /;ku nsaxas fd çÑfr esa isM+ ,oa ikS/ks vkSj Qwy vkfn utj vk;saxsA bu oLrqvksa dks fudVrk ls ,oa /;ku iwoZd ns[kus ij çÑfr esa Nqis gq, vkdkjksa] jaxksa ,oa cukoV ds vn~Hkqr jgL;kas dks tku ldsaxsA vki ftls ns[kdj voyksdu djrs gSa] mls dkxt ij fp= ds :i esa LFkkukarfjr djrs gSaA fp=.k dh çfØ;k] tSlk fd vc vki le>saxs] 3 vk;keh vkdkjksa dk 2 vk;keh çn”kZu gSA

fp= 4-1 çÑfr v/;;u

fp= 4-2 nks vFkok rhu ifŸk;k¡

vki ftu oLrqvksa dk Ldsp cukrs gSa] tSls fd ifŸk;ksa dk Ldsp cgqr vf/kd egRo j[krk gSA çR;sd Ldsp ds lkFk iwjs n`”; dk ,d n`f"Vdks.k LFkkfir djrs gSa tks nks ;k rhu ifŸk;ksa dk vkSj muds n`”; dk ,d lkekU; fp=.k gS] ¼fp= 4-2½] tSls fd mudk vkdkjA 1


Ldsp vkidks fo"k; ds fp=.k dh vkSj vf/kd tkudkjh çkIr djus esa lgk;rk djrs gSaA çR;sd Ldsp ds lkFk vki vf/kd tkudkjh çkIr dj] vf/kd voyksdu dj ldsaxs vkSj vf/kd fp=.k esa lgk;rk çkIr dj ldsaxsA

4-2 ifÙk;ksa dk vkdkj vkb, vc MªkWbax lh[kus ds vxys pj.k dh vksj pyrs gSaA vkius ifÙk;ksa ds dqN Ldsp cuk, gSaA Mªkbax esa vkidk gkFk] vkids }kjk cuk;h x;h ÁR;sd js[kk ls vkSj csgrj gqvk gksxkA lgh rjg ls ifÙk;ksa ds oØksa dks cukus dh bPNk gesa vkSj lh[kus ds fy, Ásfjr djrh gSA vkxs c<+us ls igys ;gk¡ ij dqN ;qfDr;k¡ nh x;h gS tks vkidks vf/kd vkRefo”okl ds lkFk Mªkbax djus esa lgk;d gkasxhA fuEufyf[kr ckrksa dks /;ku esa j[ksa% • MªkWbax djrs le; ftruk gks lds fujarj js[kk cukuh pkfg,A fo”ks"k dj iŸkh dks cukrs le; bl ckr dk /;ku vo”; j[kuk pkfg,A • VwVh gqbZ oØ js[kk ugha cukuh pkfg,] csgrj gksxk igys vki vkdkjksa vkSj chp dh js[kkvksa ds gYds Ldsp cuk,aA tc vkidks fp= lgh çrhr gksus yxs] lgh vkdkj ikus ds fy, bu fujarj js[kkvksa dks xgjk dj ysa¼fp= 4-3½A fp= 44-3 • +ç;kl djsa jcj dk ç;ksx u djuk iMs+A • çR;sd nksckjk cuk;s x;s Ldsp ls vki iŸkh ds okLrfod vkdkj ds lehi vkrs tk;saxsA vius gkFkksa ds fofHké nckoksa ds +Á;ksx ls viuh dykbZ }kjk iSafly dks ?kqek,a vFkok eksM+saA vkius ifŸk;ksa ij js[kkvksa ds :i esa xkSj fd;k] ftlesa muds vkdkj ,oa eki ij vf/kd egRo fn;k x;k ;k nwljs 'kCnksa esa dgsa rks muds Ldsp ijA ;g vkjs[k cgqr n{krk ls cuk, x;s FksA vc ge ifŸk;ksa ds n`”;xr Ldsp dks /;ku iwoZd cukuk lh[ksaxs% • ifŸk;ksa dks ,d vkLrhu dh yEckbZ ij j[ksa vkSj mUgsa ns[ksaA • ns[ksa vkSj mudk v/;;u djsaA • bl ckj ifŸk;ksa ds pkjksa vksj ds LFkku dks Hkh /;ku ls ns[ksaA • Li"V rkSj ij dgsa rks ,d Mªkbax esa nks i`Fkd LFkku gksrs gSa% i) og LFkku ftlesa fo"k; fpf=r gS vFkok ldkjkRed LFkku] vkSj ii) og LFkku tks fo"k; ds pkjksa vksj gS vFkok udkjkRed LFkku fp= 44-4 • fo"k; ds pkjksa vksj ,d dkYifud lanHkZ jpuk cuk,aA • fo"k; dh MªkWbax mls udkjkRed LFkku ls vyx djrh gSA ;g vkidks MªkWbax dh ekSfyd :i js[kk nsrk gSA • bl MªkWbax esa isafly dk ç;ksx djsa] isafUly Hkh ,d rS;kj ekiu dh ekxZnf”kZdk gS tks oLrq ds lgh fu/kkZfjr vuqikrksa dks çkIr djus esa lgk;rk djrh gSA • isafly dks iŸkh ds lEeq[k] ,d vkLrhu dh nwjh ij lh/kk [kM+k j[ksaA /khjs ls ,d vk¡[k cUn djsaA fo"k; dh laiw.kZ yEckbZ dk ekiu djsaA dkxt ij fp= 44-5 bl eki dh ,d gYdh js[kk] fcuk fdlh midj.k dh lgk;rk ls (free hand) js[kk cuk,aA • fQj ls isafUly dks ifŸk;ksa ds lEeq[k] blh nwjh ij vkM+k j[ksaA bl ckj fo"k; dh pkSM+kbZ dks ekisa¼fp= 4-5½A • blh çdkj ifŸk;ksa dk vkdkj lHkh fn”kkvksa ls ekik tk ldrk gSA • ;g lgh vkdkj dks çkIr djus dk vkjaHk fcanq gks ldrk gSA 2

P

N


fQj Hkh] lgh vkdkj ls vf/kd ifŸk;ksa dk lEiw.kZ fp=kadu vf/kd vko”;d gS& budh vkdkjksa ds oØ] LFkku ,oa vuqikrA

A

B

fp= 4-6 uksV% MªkWbax cukus dh fof/k rd igq¡pus ds fy,] igys :ijs[kk cukdj ¼fp= 4-6a½] mls udkjkRed LFkku ls i`Fkd dj ldrs gSaA nwljs fodYi esa] vki ifŸk;ksa ds dsUnz fcUnq ls vkjaHk dj ldrs gSaA tSls dh iŸkh dh eq[; f”kjk vFkok Vguh] vkSj fQj mlls lEcfU/kr mlds ckgj dh :ijs[kk cuk,aa ¼fp= 4-6b½A

Lo;a tk¡p ç” ç”u 1- fjDr LFkku Hkfj,% i) &&&&&&&& }kjk ftruh MªkWbax dj ldrs gS djsaA ii) vki dks ç;kl djuk pkfg, fd &&&&&&&&&& u gksA iii) ç;kl djsa fd &&&&&&&&& dk ç;ksx u djsaA iv) ifŸk;ksa dks &&&&&&&&&&& ij j[ksaA v) MªkWbax djrs le; vki dks vius &&&& dks &&&&&?kqekuk pkfg,A

xfrfof/k isafUly }kjk rhu fofHké Ádkj dh ifŸk;ksa vkSj mudh Vgfu;kas dh MªkWbax cuk,a vkSj muesa gYdh vkSj xgjh 'ksfMax djsaA bls vki 1@4 'khV ij djsa vkSj bl esa ,d ds Åij ,d iŸks p<+us dk (over lapping) çHkko fn[kk,aA blh fo"k; dks dkys ,oa lQsn jax dh 'ksfMax ds lkFk v/;;u djsaA

4-3

ifÙk;ksa dh Nk;k ,oa fooj.k

vc rd geus vkdkjksa ds v/;;u esa ifÙk;ksa ds vkjs[kksa dks cuk;k gSA vkius muds fooj.k ij Hkh dk;Z fd;k gS tSls& f”kjk,a] Vgfu;k¡] 'ksfMax vkfnA ifŸk;ksa dks nksckjk ns[ksaA budh Vgfu;ksa dks Hkh ns[ksaA D;k vki ns[k ldrs gSa fd iŸkh fdl Ádkj Vguh ls tqM+h gqbZ gSA Vguh ij vU; ifŸk;k¡ Hkh gks ldrh gSA ,d lkFk ;s v/;;u ds fy, gekjk vxyk fo’k; rS;kj djrs gSaA vkius /;ku ls ns[kk gksxk D;k Vguh ,oa iÙkh ds gjs 'ksM es vkidks dksbZ varj fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA tc vki bUgsa vkjsf[kr djsaxs] 'ksfMax bl rF; dks Ánf”kZr djsxhA ifÙk;ksa dh Nk;k okys Hkkx esa ;gh gjk jax xgjk Árhr gksrk gS ifÙk;ksa ij iM+us okyh Nk;k ,oa çdk”k ds dkj.k] ,d gh jax ds dbZ Vksu lkeus mHkj dj vkrs gSaA ;g Hkh /;ku nsa fd bl dkj.k ls vkidks :i js[kk xgjh vFkok gYdh Árhr gksrh gSaA okLro esa xgjh :ijs[kk] gYds jax dh :ijs[kk es feyrh gqbZ fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA 3


bls le>us dk ,d vkSj igyw gSA D;k vki vuqeku yxk ldrs gSa fd oks D;k gSA vkidks ;kn gksxk fd ifŸk;k¡ okLro esa ,d 3 vk;keh oLrq gSA ifŸk;ksa ds iwjs vkdkj dks le>us ds fy, budk LFkku fu/kkZj.k djuk ,d vko”;d igyw gSA igyh ckr ;g gS fd ;g LFkku fu/kkZj.k ,d iŸkh dk gS vFkkZr] pkgs og igyh iŸkh ds Åij fdlh Hkkx ij (over lap) vk jgh gS vFkok ughaA nwljs ;g iÙkh gekjs dkYifud {ks= ls ckgj dh rjQ tk jgh gS ;k Hkhrj dh rjQ dks gSA oSls rks iÙkh Lo;a gh ,d iryh lrg gS] ftlesa vf/kd egRoiw.kZ 3 vk;ke ugha gSa cfYd budk fu/kkZj.k ,oa fuf”pr fn”kk fo"k; dks rhu vk;keh vkdkj Ánku djrs gSA ifÙk;ksa ,oa Vgfu;ksa ds vkjs[ku dks le>us ds Øe esa vc ge vius vkxs ds vH;kl esa c<+rs gSaA ifÙk;ksa ,oa Vgfu;kas dh lrgsa ,oa :ijs[kk,a nksuksa gh bl le> dks n”kkZrs gSaA :ijs[kk,a] viuh oØ js[kkvksa ds cgko ls ,d fuf”pr fn”kk çnf”kZr djrh gSaA mu ifÙk;ksa dk vkdkj] tks ckgj dh rjQ tk jgh gSa os cM+h çrhr gksrh gS vkSj oks ifÙk;k¡ tks Hkhrj dh rjQ ;k ihNs dh vksj tk jgha gSa] vkdkj esa NksVh çrhr gksrh gaSA ;fn oks gh iŸkh] vkaf”kd :i esa ckgj dh vksj vFkok Hkhrj dh vksj tkrh gSa rks :ijs[kkvksa dk vkdkj cM+h lrg ls NksVh lrg esa feyrk gqvk fn[kkbZ nsxkA izdk”k ,oa Nk;k dks js[kkvksa ds :i esa n”kkZus ds fy, Vgfu;ksa ,oa ifÙk;ksa ds oØksa dk eksVkbZ dks gYdh ,oa xgjh js[kkvksa ls vkjsf[kr djrs gSaA

Lo;a tk¡p ç” ç”u 2- ,d gh iÙkh esa gjk jax dSls cnyrk gS\ 3- vki ifÙk;ksa ds vk;ru dks fdl Ádkj le>saxs tcfd iÙkh dk vk/kkj cgqr iryk gksrk gSA

4-4 nŸkdk;Z 4-4-1 d{kk dk;Z i) 3 fofHké iÙkksa dk v/;;u djsa] vkSj mUgsa isafUly }kjk ,d gh la;kstu esa dkxt ij vkjsf[kr djsaA vki bu rhuksa fofHké ifÙk;ksa esa ls ,d pqu ldrs gSa A • A3 dkVsZt 'khV ij 2ch iSafly }kjk ifÙk;ksa dk ,d lewg cuk,aA • fcuk #ds gkFk (free hand) }kjk vkjs[ku ls ,d fp=.k dhft, rFkk ml ij ,d lanHkZ cuk,aA • bl vkjs[k dk ifÙk;ksa ds vkdkj] :i ,oa vuqikr dk js[kkvksa ds :i esa v/;;u djsaA • mlds vanj VsDLpj ,oa mldk fooj.k HkjsaA • ifÙk;ksa ds rhu vk;keh vkdkj esa viuh le> dks n”kkZ,Aa

4-4-2 x`g dk;Z i) rhu vyx rjg dh ifÙk;ksa ,oa Vgfu;ksa dk v/;;u djsa rFkk isafly }kjk vkjs[k cukus ds ckn

mlesa gYdh ,oa xgjh 'ksfMax djsaA bls 1@4 'khV ij cuk;sa ,oa vksoj ysfiax dk çHkko çnf”kZr djsaA blh fo"k; dks lQsn ,oa dkys jax dh 'ksfMax ls v/;;u djsaA 4


ii) ifÙk;ksa ,oa Vgfu;ksa dk lewg cuk;sa vkSj isu ,oa L;kgh }kjk js[kkvksa ls vkjs[k cuk,a vkSj

v/;;u djsaA ;g djrs le; vksoj MªkW u djsA iii) fofHké nckoksa ds lkFk ;g ç;ksx djsaA tSls fd fiNyh d{kk esa crk;k x;k Fkk ;g vkjs[ku ,d fo”ks"k v/;;u gSA vkSj rhu vk;keh vkdkj dh vki dh le> dks çnf”kZr djrk gSA iv) ,d gh lewg dh ifŸk;ksa ds nks fofHkUu vkjs[k cuk,aA

4-5

lkjka'k

bl ikB ls ge fuEufyf[kr fu"d"kZ fudky ldrs gSa • Ldsfpax lh[kus ds fy, ifŸk;ksa ds vkjs[k cukus dk vH;kl djukA ftls lh[kuk vkSj cukuk lcls ljy gS • ftu ifÙk;ksa dh :ijs[kk cukuh gS mldks cgqr /;ku ls ns[ksaA • vkjs[ku ds udkjkRed ,oa ldkjkRed Hkkxksa dks igpkusa • isafly dh lgk;rk ls fuf”pr vuqikrksa ij fu'kku yxk;as • lkQ&lqFkjh :ijs[kk çkIr djus ds fy, gesa cgqr lko/kkuh iwoZd dk;Z djuk gksxkA

4-6 Lo;a tk¡p ç'uksa ds lEHkkfor mÙkj 1-fjDr LFkku ¼i½ fujarj js[kk] ¼ii½ VwVh ?kqekonkj js[kk] ¼iii½ jcj] ¼iv½ gkFk dk vUrj] ¼v½ gkFk] <hyk A 2-iÙkh dk gjk jax ml ij iMus okyh Nk;k ,oa Ádk”k ds dkj.k cnyk gqvk fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA ftl {ks= esa Nk;k curh gS og xgjs gksrs gSa vkSj ftu ij Ádk”k iM+rk gS oks gYds gksrs gSaA 3-ifÙk;ksa dk LFkku fu/kkZj.k ,oa ÁLrqfrdj.k tSls fd mldh fn”kk] nwljh ifÙk;ksa ls mldh fudVrk vkSj og iÙkh ckgj mHkj dj vk jgh gS ;k vUnj dh rjQ gS] mls rhu vk;keh vk;ru Ánku djrs gSaA

4-7 vH;klkFkZ ç'u vkjs[ku esa fdrus Ádkj ds LFkku gksrs gSa\ ,d fMt+kbu esa udkjkRed LFkku D;k gksrk gS\ ,d fMt+kbu esa ldkjkRed LFkku D;k gksrk gS\ ,d vkjs[k dks vki fdl Ádkj ekisaxs\

1234-

4-8 lanHkZ ,oa v/;;u ;ksX; iqLrdsa 1.

Anonymous. 2006. The Complete Guide to Drawing and Painting. Quantum Publishing Ltd, London.

2.

Locher, J.L. 1992. Escher: The Complete Graphic Work. Thames & Hudson Ltd., New York. 5


3.

Powell, W.F. 1997. The Art of Drawing Still Life. Walter Foster Publishing, Inc, California.

4.

Wood, J.R. 1992. Handbook of Illustration. Design Press, New York.

4-9 'kCnkoyh 12345-

voyksdu oØ n{krk Vksu vksoj MªkW

/;ku iwoZd ns[kuk ,oa le>uk ?kqekonkj 'kh?kzrk ls 'ksM ,d gh js[kk dks nksgjk dj cukuk

6


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