104-L-10-h

1010- VSDl~pj~ ls ifjp; (INTRODUCTION TO TEXTURE) VSDl~pj~ 'kCn ^VsDLV* ls fudyk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS HkSfrd :i] tks fdlh inkFkZ dk vko';d xq.k gSa o lrg ls fo'ks"k :i ls lacfU/kr gSaA ;g fdlh lrg dk vuqHko djus vFkok fdlh diM+s dh lrg dks Nwdj mldk vuqeku yxkus ds xq.k dks n'kkZrk gaSA bdkbZ&4 VSDl~pj~ ds fo"k; ij vk/kkfjr gSaA bl ikB esa VSDl~pj~ ds fofHkUu rF;ksa] y{k.kksa ij xgjkbZ ls v/;;u fd;k tk;sxkA nwljs nks ikBksa esa ge vkidks diM+s ij VSDl~pj~ dSls cuk;k tkrk gS] blds ds fo"k; esa crk;saxsA

1010-0 mís'; bl ikB ds v/;;u ds Ik'pkr~ vki fuEufyf[kr dks le>us esa l{ke gksaxs & • • • •

VSDl~pj~ dh ifjHkk"kk VSDl~pj~ dk oxhZdj.k VSDl~pj~ ds v/;;u dk egRo mHkjrh ço`fŸk

1010-1 çLrkouk tc vki ,d isM+ dh Nky dks ,d gkFk ls rFkk blds iŸks dks nwljs gkFk ls Nwrs gSa] vkidks nksuks esa D;k vUrj ekywe gksrk gS\ okLro esa ,d dBksj rFkk nwljk ueZ vuqHko gksrk gSA blh çdkj çR;sd oLrq ds Li'kZ ls vyx gh vuqHko gksrk gSA VSDl~pj~ dks dqN 'kCnksa esa ifjHkkf"kr djuk cgqr dfBu gSA VsDlVkby foKku esa VSDl~pj~ dk vFkZ gS fd oLrq iw.kZ :Ik ls dSlh yxrh gS rFkk Li'kZ ij dSlk vuqHko gksrk gSA ;s fo'ks"k xq.k lalkj ds lHkh inkFkksZa esa lnSo ik;s tkrs gSaA vkb, ge VSDl~pj~ ds ckjs esa tkus\

1010-2 ifjHkk"kk VSDl~pj~ oLrq dh lrg dks vuqHko djus dk ewy lk/ku gSA vyx&vyx lrg ns[kus vkSj Li'kZ djus ls vyx vyx Ádkj dk vuqHko gksrk gSA fHkUu&fHkUu fn[kkbZ nsus okys VSDl~pj~ dkxt+] oL= vFkok diM+s ij vyx çdkj ds u;s fMt+kbuksa }kjk çkIr fd;s tk ldrs gSaA VSDl~pj~] fMt+kbuj dh fopkj çfØ;k dks vf/kd l`tukRed (creative) cukus esa lgk;d gksrk gSA bl {ks= dk [kqyk Kku dykdkj ds fopkjksa dks u;k {kSfrt çnku djrk gSA vk/kkjHkwr fMt++kbu dk leUo; gksrk gSA fMt+kbu esa fofHkUu VSDl~pj~ dk ç;ksx ,slk gh gS tSls fd Hkk"kk esa vafdr ok.kh dk ç;ksxA gekjs pkjksa vksj vl[a; VSDl~pj~ dh oLrq,s gSaA okLro esa gekjs vklikl çR;sd oLrq dk fo'ks"k xq.k rFkk VSDl~pj~ gksrk gSA bu lc ds v/;;u ls diM+s vkSj dkxt ij ,d la;kstu djuk ljy gks tkrk gSA dykdkj ds fy, ;g tkuuk fd dkSu lk VSDl~pj~ dgk¡ rFkk dc ç;ksx esa ykuk gSA ;g cgqr gh vko';d gSA dykdkj esa ;g fopkj VSDl~pj~ ds n`f"Vxr~ çHkko ds fujarj vH;kl ls gh vk ldrk gaSA VSDl~pj~ dk vFkZ gS] fdlh oLrq dh lrg ds xq.kksa dks vuqHko djus dk xq.kA çdk'k vkSj Nk;k ds ek/;e ls gekjk efLr’d VSDl~pj~ dks xzg.k djrk ,oa le>rk gSA ,d lrg ds 1

VSDl~pj~ dh iqujko`fŸk (repetition) }kjk gh ns[kk ;k vuqHko fd;k tk ldrk gSA jsr dk nkusnkj VSDl~pj~ mlds NksVs&NksVs d.kksa dh iqujko`fÙk ds dkj.k gksrk gSA blfy, ge dg ldrs gSa fd fdlh lrg dk VSDl~pj~ blds ,d leku d.kksa ds ikl ikl jgus ds dkj.k gh curk gSA VSDl~pj~ dks ge n`f"V dk Hkze Hkh dg ldrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, vkdk'k esa cknyksa dk y;c) gksuk VSDl~pj~ dks ifjHkkf"kr djrk gS ¼fp=]10-1½A rkykc esa iRFkj Qsadus ls Hkh ge VSDl~pj~ dks ifjHkkf"kr dj ldrs gSa ¼fp=]10-2½A ,d dsUæ esa cuus okys cgqr ls o`Ÿk Hkh VSDl~pj~ dk Kku djkrs gSaA vyekjh eas yxh iqLrdsa Hkh VSDl~pj~ dk Hkze nsrh gSA ¼fp=]10-3½

fp= 10 10--1 vkdk”k vkdk”k esa ckny

fp= 1010-2 ikuh esa ygjsa

fp= 10 10--3 fdrkcksa dk <sj

geus ns[kk bu lHkh mnkgj.kksa esa n`f"V dh iqujko`fÙk (visual repetition) rFkk n`f"V y; (rhythm) fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA ;g VSDl~pj~ dk vuqHko djkrh gSA f?klus dh fof/k (Rubbing) }kjk fofHkUu VSDl~pj~ cuk;s tk ldrs gSaA bl fof/k esa Øs;ksu ¼fp= 10-4½] iasfUly ¼fp=]10-5½ ;k eksecÙkh dks dkxt ij ç;ksx djrs gSaA ydM++h ds Q'kZ] esugksy dk <+Ddu] ydM++h dk r[rk] vkSj ,d rjQ ls fpduk rFkk nwljh rjQ ls [kqjnqjk 'kh'kk ¼Frosted glass), yksgs dh tkyh] flDdksa dks jxM+dj vFkok f?kldj eueksgd VSDl~pj~ çkIr fd;s tk ldrs gaSaA

fp= 1010-4 dkxt+ ij oSDl Øs;ksu jxM+uk

fp= 10fUly jxM+uk 10-5 dkxt+ ij isfUly

vki ,d Qwynku] Qwyksa] Vgfu;ksa dh :ijs[kk cukdj mldh :ijs[kk dks f?klus dh (rubbing) fof/k ls Hkj ldrs gSa ¼fp=]10-6½A fofHkUu VSDl~pj~ cukus ds fy, ge vyx&vyx ek/;e rFkk rduhdsa ç;ksx esa yk ldrs gSaA tSls CysM] isij dVj ¼fp=]10-7½] /kkxs ¼fp=]10-8½] VwFk cz'k ¼fp=]10-9½] L;kgh dh cw¡ns] f?kldj dke djuk] L;kgh dks Qw¡ddj ¼fp=]10-10½] ekjcfyax ¼fp=]10-11½] /kqvk¡] NikbZ lfCt;ksa ds ç;ksx }kjk] vkfnA 2 fp= 1010-6 ,d Qwynku dk fp=.k

isfUly vkSj Ldsp isu ls ç—fr fp=.k }kjk VSDl~pj~ cukus rFkk mUgsa çk—frd jaxksa ls jax djuk] fMt+kbu rFkk iSVuZ dh ,d :fpdj fof/k gSA VSDl~pj~ dk çHkko] iŸkksa] I;kt] vkyw] vaxwBs ls çHkko] twV vkfn ds ek/;e ls Hkh çkIr fd;k tk ldrk gSA

fp= 10 10--7 isij dVj VSDl~pj~~

fp= 1010-8 /kkxs dk VSDl~pj~~

fp= 1010-10 jaxhu L;kgh dks Qw¡duk

fp= 1010-12 ia[k

fp= 1010-13 frryh

fp= 10 10--9 VwFk cz"k dk VSDl~pj~~

fp= 1010-11 VSDl~pj~~ ekjcfyax

fp= 1010-14 ifÙk;ksa dh ul

if{k;ksa ds ia[k ¼fp=]10-12½] frrfy;ksa ds ia[k ¼fp=]10-13½] eNfy;ksa ds 'kYd rFkk iŸkksa dh ulas (veins) ¼fp=]10-14½ lHkh VSDl~pj~ dk fuf'pr vkHkkl nsrs gaSA VkbZYl (tiles)] pV~Vku] bZaV] fpdus dadM+ rFkk iRFkj ds cgqr gh :fpdj VSDl~pj~ çkIr gksrs gSaA tc mUgsa vkjsf[kr fd;k tkrk gS rFkk jaxk tkrk gS rks og vius vki esa gh vuqie VSDl~pj~ çdV djrs gSaA ydM+h dh Nky dk Hkh cgqr gh :fpdj VSDl~pj~ gksrk gaSA

1010-3 VSDl~pj~ dk oxhZdj.k 1010-3-1 fpduk VSDl~pj~ (SMOOTH TEXTURES) 3

fpduh lrg dk VSDl~pj~ lk/kkj.kr;k fpduk pednkj rFkk fQlyus okyk gksrk gaSA bl ij iM+us okyk çdk'k ijkofrZr gksrk gSA ;g mls vo'kksf"kr ugha djrk gSA tSls& • fpduk vkSj pedhyk ¼peM+s dk gSaM cSx@peM+s ds twrs½ • laxejej dk VSDl~pj~ ¼laxejej dk Q'kZ½ • js'keh diM+s dk VSDl~pj~ ¼lkM+h ;k nqiV~Vk½ • lkfVu ¼lkfVu dq'ku ;k ifj/kku½ • ydM+h dh est+ ¼fpduh est+ ij vklkuh ls gkFk dk fQlyuk½ • Pkhuh feÍh dk ik= ¼dkWQh dk ex ;k Vh lsV ½ • f[kM+fd;ksa ds 'kh'ks • vkbLØhe ¼,d di vkbLØhe½ • eD[ku ¼czSM ds VqdM+s ij eD[ku dks QSykuk½ • VekVj@lsc ¼fp=]10-15½

fp= 1010-15 lsc dh fpduh lrg

1010-3-2 nkusnkj VSDl~pj~ (GRAINY TEXTURES) mnkgj.k % • • • • • • •

isM+ dh Nky iFkjhyh lM+d dsd eNyh jsr ¼fp=]10-16½ czsM jsxeky ¼lsaM isij½

fp= 1010-16 jsr dk nkusnkj VSDl~pj~~

1010-3-3 gYdk] ueZ rFkk Qwyk VSDl~ l~pj~ (LIGHT, SOFT AND FLUFFY TEXTURES) mnkgj.k % • • • • • •

cQZ ¼fp=]10-17½ lQsn vaMk js'ke tSlk /kqavk tkuojksa ds cky ueZ diM+s lwrh Åu

fp= 1010-17 cQZ dk wyk gYdk] ueZ ueZ ,oa Qw Qyk VSDl~pj~~

4

10qjk rFkk Hkík VSDl~pj~ (ROUGH AND COARSE TEXTURES) 10-3-4 [kqjnq njk [kqjnq njsqjs VSDl~pj~ cukus esa dqN Ádk”k Ádk”k 'kksf"kr gks tkrk gS rFkk dqN ijkofRkZr (reflect) gks tkrk gSA tSls& • • • • • • •

nhokj gkFkh dh [kky isM+ dh Nky twV dk xyhpk ¼fp=% 10-18½ dadjhyh lM+d ?kksalyk djsyk

fp= 1010-18 twV ds xyhps dk [kqjnq qjk rFkk HkÌk njk VSDl~pj~~

Lo;a tk¡p ç' ç'u 1- VSDl~pj~ dh ifjHkk"kk nhft,A 2- dkxt ij VSDl~pj~ n'kkZus ds ikap ek/;eksa ds uke fyf[k,A 3- VSDl~pj~ dk oxhZdj.k dfj,A 4- —f=e oL= ij VSDl~pj~ cukus dh fof/k;ksa ij ,d fVIi.kh fyf[k,A 5- fpduh rFkk nkusnkj VSDl~pj~ ds ik¡p mnkgj.k nhft,A 6- VSDl~pj~ ds v/;;u dk D;k egRo gSa\ 7- VSDl~pj~ ,d n`f"VHkze gSaA bls dSls le>k,saxs\ 8- fuEufyf[kr oLrqvksa dks /;kuiwoZd nsf[k, rFkk muds VSDl~pj~ ds uke crkb,A i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) vii) viii)

nhokj lwrh Åu f[kM+dh ds 'kh'ks eD[ku jsxeky js'ke tSlk /kqv¡k gkFkh dh [kky isM+ dh Nky

xfrfof/k (ACTIVITY) 1. eksj] Qwynku] çk—frd n`'; vkSj lknh ekjfcfyax ds uewuksa ls xzhfVax dkMZ cuk;asA vki blds fy, isij ckfVd] jaxhu L;kgh dks Qw¡d }kjk] ekjcy VSDl~pj~] CysM VSDl~pj~ ;k Lçs fof/k rduhd dks ç;ksx esa yk ldrs gSaA 5

1010-4 VSDl~pj~ ds v/;;u dk egRo vius pkjksa vksj dh ç—fr esa VSDl~pj~ dh igpku djus dk Kku çkIr djus ds i'pkr~ ge bl Kku ls uohu diM+s ds fuekZ.k esa leFkZ gks tk;saxsA ;g Kku gesa ?kjsyw diM+s dh oLrqvksa tSls rkSfy,] dq'ku] ltkoVh diM+s rFkk xyhps vkfn ij le:Ik lrg cukus esa lgk;d gksxkA bl çdkj ;g gekjs mRiknksa dh xq.koŸkk c<+kus esa lgk;d gksxkA mnkgj.kr% gekjs ikl ,d jax dk diM+k gS rFkk blls ,d uohu fMt+kbu dk dq'ku rS;kj djuk gSA blds fy, ge dkxt dk VSDl~pj~ ¼fp=]10-19½ ;k dq'ku dh lrg ij diM+s dh gLrdkS'ky rduhd dk ç;ksx dj ldrs gSa] blds fy, ge diM+s dh lrg ij pqUuV Mkyrs gSa ¼fp=]10-20½ ;k nks diM+ksa ds chp :bZ vFkok Qkse j[kdj flykbZ dh ¼quilting) rduhd dk ç;ksx dj ldrs gSaA ¼fp=]10-21½

fp= 1010-19 dkxt+ dh ygfj;knkj pknj pknj

fp= 1010-20 pqUuV }kjk ygfj;knkj pknj pknj dk çHkko

fp= 10 10--21 ygfj;knkj pknj ij fDofYVax }kjk çHkko

1010-5 mHkjrh ço`fÙk (EMERGING TRENDS) orZeku le; esa lkns —f=e diM+s ij VSDl~pj~ dk Á;ksx fd;k tkrk gSa ftlss ncko fof/k (press) }kjk dqpydj (crushing) o mPp rki ij pqUuV (Pleating) }kjk diM+s esa VSDl~pj~ mRiUu fd;k tkrk gSA diM+s ij ;kaf=d xeZ ncko tgka ij mPp rki dh fLFkfr gksrh gSA VSDl~pj~ mRiUu fd;k tkrk gSA ;s VSDl~pj~ diM+s ij /kksus rFkk gYdh L=h djus ij Hkh cus jgrs gSaA bl çdkj ds VSDl~pj~ okys diM+s mŸke QS”ku ifj/kkuksa esa ç;qDr gksrs gSa] D;ksafd VSDl~pj~ okys diM+s yphysiu ds dkj.k vlk/kkj.k] vk”p;Zpfdr] ukVdh; çHkko çnku djrs gSaA fo”o esa ?kjksa dks ltkus ds fy, Hkh ijnksa] dq”ku] vkfn esa Hkh VSDl~pj~ diM+ksa dk ç;ksx gks jgk gSA tkikuh bZlh fe;kds (Issey Miyake) QS”ku fMt+kbuj us cgqr ls VSDLk~pj~ okys ifj/kkuksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k gSa ftlds cgqr çHkko”kkyh ifj.kke feys gSaA

1010-6 nÙk dk;Z 1010-6-1 d{kk dk;Z i) vk/kh bEihfj;y 'khV ij

5^^ x 5** ds oxZ cukb, rFkk f?klus dh fof/k ls

fHkUu&fHkUu iSVuZ rFkk fMt+kbu cukb,A igys 6B isfUly dk ç;ksx djsa

6

mijksDr fof/k dk ç;ksx djds ,d jpuk ls ,d la;kstu cukb, rFkk vius vklikl miyC/k VSDl~pj~ dks ç;ksx esa ykb,A lHkh oLrqvksa rFkk muds VSDl~pj~ dh tgk¡ rd laHko gks [kkst dhft,A bu lHkh VSDl~pj~ dk ç;ksx djrs gq, xzhfVax dkMZ cukb,A ,d o`Ÿk dh ckgjh js[kk cuk;as rFkk vkleku ds fy, CysM] rus ds fy, L;kgh dks Q¡wddj rFkk ifŸk;ksa ds fy, lfCt;ksa ds }kjk NikbZ dks ç;ksx esa ykb,A ii) if{k;ksa ds ia[k] eNyh ds 'kSy rFkk iŸkksa dh ulksa dks isfUly ds ç;ksx }kjk

VSDl~pj~ dks çk—frd jax esa cukb,A

1010-6-2 x`g dk;Z i) vk/kh bEihfj;y 'khV yhft,A rFkk mldks 6 leku vk;krksa esa foHkktu djsa rFkk

6B isfUly dh lgk;rk ls ?kkl ds eSnku ij leku :Ik ls VwVs gq, laxejej ds VwdM+ksa dks n”kkZus dh dksf”k”k dhft,A vUrjky esa cz”k ds Li”kZ (strokes) }kjk ?kkl n”kkZb,A bZaVks dh ,d nhokj] iRFkjksa dk <sj rFkk ,d csar }kjk cquh gqbZ Mfy;k dk VSDl~pj~ isfUly }kjk cukb,A 6B isfUly }kjk gYds ,oa xgjs+ çHkko dks fn[kkb,A ii) nks js[kkadu cuk,] ,d js[kkadu esa çdk”k vkSj Nk;k dk çHkko isfUly ls fn[kk,

rFkk nwljs js[kkadu es ç—frd jaxksa }kjk vH;kl ds fy, isij ckfVd ÁHkko] Q¡wd }kjk ÁHkko rFkk CysM }kjk fp=.k dk çHkko n”kkZrs gq, vk/kh bEihfj;y 'khV ij dk;Z dhft,A iii) ,d Lekjd ds js[kkfp= dk LVsfUly dkfV,A

mlds vkUrfjd LFkku dks iFkjhys VSDl~pj~ ls Hkfj;sA vki blds fy, jax@vkjs[ku ds jax@VSDl~pj~ dks jax ldrs gSaA vk/ks bEihfj;y uki ds dkxt dk ç;ksx Lekjd ds LVSfUly ds fy,] jaxhu isfUly] Øs;kWu vkSj isaUV }kjk bl nŸkdk;Z ds fy, Á;ksx dj ldrs gSaA

1010-7 lkjka”k • VSDl~pj~ fdlh Hkh lrg dk Li”kZ Kku lEcU/kh lrg (tactile surface) xq.k gSA • VSDl~pj~ fdlh lrg dks vuqHko djuk gaSA • VSDl~pj~ dk vuqHko çdk'k ,oa Nk;k ls Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gSA D;ksafd lrg }kjk dqN çdk'k 'kksf"kr rFkk dqN ijkofrZr gksrk gSA • VSDl~pj~ iqujko`fÙk (repetition) rFkk y;c)rk (rhythm) ls lacaf/kr gSA • VSDl~pj~] ,d lrg gSa tks ,d gh çdkj dh oLrqvksa }kjk cukbZ tkrh gSa ;g oLrq ,d fo'ks"k {ks= esa cgqr vf/kd la[;k esa ik;h tkrh gSa 7

• VSDl~pj~ n`f"VHkze dk lekukFkZd gSA • VSDl~pj~ vusd çdkj ds gaS tSls] fpduk] pedhyk] [kqjnqjk] gYdk] Qqyk] fQlyus okyk jks;sankj] Li'kZ Kku laca/kh rFkk lqukbZ iM+us okykA ç—fr esa ik;s tkus okys VSDl~pj~ dks diM+s ;k mRiknksa ij fMt+kbu cukus ds fy, LFkkukarfjr fd;k tk ldrk gSA ftlls mRikn ds fMt+kbu rRoksa o xq.kksa esa o`f) gksrh gSA

1010-8 Lo;a tk¡p ç” ç”uksa ds laHkkfor mÙkj 1. VSDl~pj~ fdlh oLrq ;k lrg dk çkFkfed vuqeku yxkuk gSA 2. VwFkcz'k] jaxhu L;kgh }kjk Qw¡ddj (blowing) ekjcfyax] /kq,s rFkk /kkxs ds VSDl~pj~] dkxt ij VSDl~pj~ cukus ds eq[; ek/;e gSaA 3. VSDl~pj~ dks pkj çdkj ls oxhZdj.k fd;k tk ldrk gS % i) fpduk ii) nkusnkj iii) [kqjnqjk] Hkík iv) gYdk] ueZ rFkk Qwyk

4. orZeku le; esa lk/kkj.k —f=e diM+ksa ij ncko ;k pqUuV fof/k ds ç;ksx }kjk mPp rkieku ij VSDl~pj~ cuk;k tkrk gSA diM+ksa ij ncko ;akfU=d rki i)fr ls VSDl~pj~ cuk;k tkrk gSA ftlesa rki dh fLFkfr mPp gksrh gSA diM+s ij ;s VSDl~pj~ /kksus ;k gYdh La=h djus ij Hkh u"V ugha gksrsA 5. fpduk VSDl~pj~&vkbLkØhe] phuh feV~Vh ds crZu] VekVj] lsc] ydM+h dh est vkfnA nkusnkj & czsM] jsr] dsd] eNyh] dadjhyh lM+d vkfnA 6. ,d ckj vius vklikl ds çk—frd VSDl~pj~ dh igpku gksus ij bl Kku dks uohu çdkj ds diM+s cukus esa ç;qDr dj ldrs gSaA bl Kku }kjk ge ?kjsyw mRiknksa tSls rkSfy,] dq'ku] ijns rFkk xyhps] leku lrg ds cuk ldrs gSA 7. VSDl~pj~ dks ge n`f"V Hkze Hkh dg ldrs gSaA tSls cknyksa dh Øec) cukoV gesa n`f"V Hkze VSDl~pj~ dk vkHkkl nsrh gSA rkykc esa iRFkj Qsadus ls Hkh n`f"V Hkze VSDl~pj~ dk vkHkkl feyrk gSA cgqr ls o`Ÿk ,d gh dsUnz ij cus gksa rks mudks ns[kus ij Hkh gesa n`f"V Hkze VSDl~pj~ dk vkHkkl gksrk gSaA ,d vyekjh Hkh n`f"V Hkze VSDl~pj~ dk mnkgj.k gSA bu lc mnkgj.kksa esa ge n`f"V dh iqujko`fÙk rFkk y;c)rk ikrs gSaA 8. fofHkUUk oLrqvksa ds VSDl~pj~ gSa % 8

i) ii) iii) iv)

[kqjnqjk rFkk Hkík VSDl~pj~ gYdk] ueZ rFkk Qwyk VSDl~pj~ fpduk VSDl~pj~ nkusnkj VSDl~pj~

1010-9 vH;klkFkZ ç” ç”u (TERMINAL QUESTIONS) 1- vki fdlh lrg ds VSDl~pj~ ds fo"k; esa D;k tkurs gSa\ 2- VSDlVkby fMt+kbfuax esa VSDl~pj~ ds egRo ij vius fopkj nhft,A 3- Pkkj okD;ksa esa VSDl~pj~ dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft,A 4- [kqjnqjs VSDl~pj~ okyh ik¡p oLrqvksa ds uke fyf[k,A 5- ik¡p fpdus VSDl~pj~ ds {ks=@oLrqvksa dk uke crkb,A 6- ik¡p nksunkj VSDl~pj~ ds {ks=@oLrqvksa ds uke fyf[k,A 7- ik¡p fpdus rFkk Qwys VSDl~pj~ ds {ks=@oLrqvksa ds uke fyf[k,A 8- Tkkikuh fMt+kbuj dk uke fyf[k, ftlus ifj/kkuksa es VSDl~pj~ rRo dk ç;ksx fd;kA 9- VSDl~pj~ cukus ds dqN gLrdkS'ky (manipulated) rduhdksa ds uke crkb,A

1010-10 lanHkZ ,ao v/;;u ;ksX; iqLrdsa 1- Anoxymous 2006. The complete guide to Drawing and Printing, Quantum Publishing Ltd. London 2- Susan M and Joost, E 1991 Textile Designs, Thames and Hudson Ltd. London.

1010-11 'kCnkoyh 1- 'kksf"kr 2- ijkofrZr 3- n`f"VHkze

lks[kk gqvk cnyk gqvk vk¡[kksa dk /kks[kk

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