Lesson 10

ghl« - 10 bt›ntW éj tot¦fS¡fhd K‹Diu Kjš ghl¤Â‹ 4tJ Ãçéš, bt›ntW éj tot¦fë‹ K‹Diuæ‹ ÃwF, 11© ghl¤Âš ghu©gça tot¦fis¥ g‰¿ m¿ÅªfŸ. k‰W© 12© ghl¤Âš f§zho g¡f¥g£l mšyJ ika¡nfh£L tot¦fis¡ f‰ngh©.

10.0 neh¡f¦fŸ Ϩj¥ ghl¤ij¡ f‰w ÃwF, Ú¦fŸ m¿aΟsJ. ghu©gça k‰W© j‰fhy¤Âa tot¦fŸ ã# czªñ£L© k‰W© kdjhš k£L© v§z¡Toa tot¦fŸ F¿¥ghš czª¤J© k‰W© k¡fŸ Ïd tot¦fŸ

10.1 K‹Diu K¨ija Ãçéš (ÃçÎ 3) tot nk‰gu¥Ãš £l¤Â‹ ãiy `tot© mikjš` vd m¿ªnjh«. »ç£ mik¥òfŸ v‹gJ vëa totæaè‹ cUt¦fŸ x‹Wnrª¡f¥g£L, xnu mšyJ bt›ntW cUt¦fë‹ tiy¥Ã‹diy Ϩj KG¥ ÃugŠr¤ijÍ© ãu¥òtj‰F¤ ÂU©g¤ ÂU©g, gy jlit cUth¡F»wJ. všyh tot¦fS© xU mo¥gilia¡ fhz Ïayhj, mo¤js tot¤ij cUth¡f¤ bjhlª¨j, totæaš ä‹rhu éãnahf mik¥ig¡ bfh§LŸsJ. mj‹ÃwF, bt›ntW tiffshd tot¦fë‹ mik¥ghd, neª-gL¡if thFfë‹ rkãiy, miubrh£L mšyJ br¦fš mL¡F tiugl©, KGtJkhd M¡»uä¥ò, tçfŸ / neª/gL¡ifthF/FW¡F/Mu© M»at‰iw¥ g‰¿¡ f‰w¿¨njh©. eh‹fhtJ Ãçéš, bt›ntW tot¦fë‹ tiffis¥ g‰¿ m¿¨njh©. xU fU¤Â‹ mo¥gilæš Ï¨j tot¦fis cUth¡FtJ© m›tot¦fis nk‰bfh§L Ãunah»¥gJ© rh¤Âakh»wJ. mitfŸ Áy Mªt¤ ö§lšfisÍ© xU F¿¥Ã£l ehfßf¤ijÍ© rhª¨ÂU¡»wJ. x›bthU ehL©, ãy¥gu¥ò© Áy jå¥g£l fiyfis¡ bfh§LŸsJ. if¤ÂwidÍ© g¤jh§L fhy¦fshf xU thçR mL¤j thçR¡F rk®¥Ã¤ÂU¡»wJ. MW bt›ntW tif tot¦fŸ cŸsd. mit, ghu©gça, j‰fhy, ã# cz®ñ£l¡Toa, kdjhš k£L© v§z¡Toa, F¿¥ghš czª¤J© k‰W© k¡fŸ Ïd tot¦fshF©.

10.2 ghu©gça tot¦fŸ tiuaiw: gšyh§Lfshf e© berÎfëš, fiyfëš if¤Âw‹fëš, Xé¦fëš k‰W© Á‰g¦fëš všyh© ghu©gça tot¦fŸ tH¦f¥gL»wJ. tot¦fë‹ Áw¨j nrfç¥òfis ϨÂah bfh§LŸsJ. e© všyh njr§fS« Áy fiy¢ Áw¥ig m¨j¨j Ãunjr¤Â‰F¥ bg‰WŸsJ. fiyfŸ xnu xU üè‹ ÏiHnahL fhZÛçaªfë‹ Áw¥òä¡f if¤ÂwikahdJ bj‰F¤ ÂiræYŸs fy© fçæèU¨J ntWg£oU¡fyh©, f§zho ntiy¥ghL k‰W© Áw¥ghd Á¡fyhd mil¥ò m¢RfŸ t§zkakhf beŒÍ© khÂçfS¡F, »H¡f¤Âa ehLfëèèU¨J© ntWg£oU¡fyh©,(gl© 10.1) ÏtªfŸ všnyhU¡F© M®t_£lš bghJthd mo¥gilæèU¨nj tU»wJ. gy jlitfŸ e©ik¢ R‰¿ÍŸs Ïa‰ifahd ku¦fŸ, Ïiy¡ bfh¤J¡fŸ, ku¦fŸ, ó¡fŸ, gH¦fŸ, éy¦FfŸ, gwitfŸ, kåj cUt¦fŸ, Âd¥go brašfŸ Ïit ngh‹wt‰whš eh© ftu¥g£LéL»nwh©. fhZÛça® fy« fç f©zho ntiy¥ghL mil¥ò |1}

if t©z«

m¢R

Mirror work

Kalamkari

Kashmiri Embroidery

Block printing

Fig. 10.1 Traditional designs of India

gl© 10.1 ϨÂahé‹ ghu©gça tot¦fŸ Mfnt, MªÂu¥ Ãunjr¤ÂèUªJ tªj Ϫj fy«fç ntiyE£g m¢R tot«, F#uh¤ÂèU¨J t¨j ifntiy¥gh£oY© fhz¥gL»wJ. Ϩj Mtš kiw¨JéL»wJ. ÃwF, mjdhš xU fhyf£l Ïilbtë¡F¥ ÃwF eh© xU ãiyahd ehfçf¤ij tsª¤JŸnsh©. mitfŸ ϨÂaDilaJ v‹W brhšy¥glyh©. mšyJ nkY© F¿¥ghf, gŠrhÃYŸs òšfhç njr¤ijna rhª¨jJ. nkY© g¡U mil¥ò m¢R, uh#«jhD¡FçaJ v‹nw nkY© T¿¡bfh§L bršyyh© (gl© 10.2) CTD-205 khª¡f¤Âš Ï›tif, ϨÂahé‹ ghu©gça berÎfis¥ g‰¿ étukhf eh© f‰ngh©. gŠrh¥ òšfhç

g¡F mil¥ò m¢R

Punjab Phulkari

Bagru Block printing

Fig. 10.2 Traditional designs of India

gl© 10.2 ϨÂahé‹ ghu©gça tot¦fŸ 10.3 ehfßf tot¦fŸ / j‰fhy¤Âa tot¦fŸ tiuaiw: bghJthf v¨j xU totK© ghu©gça k‰wjhf ÏU¥Ã‹ ehfßf tot© vd¥gL»wJ. Ïit ngh‹w tot¦fŸ mQFKiwæš j‰fhy¤Âait k‰W© ghu©gça khÂçfisÍ© étu¦fisÍ© Ëg‰whjit. Ïj‰F gÂyhf, mtªfŸK¤Âiu¥ g¥Ú gH»¥ nghdtªfŸ. nkY© khÁšyhjtªfŸ k‰W© Fiw¨j g£r msnt ifahŸtª (gl© 10.3). j‰fhy¤Âa tot¦fis¥ g‰¿¢ brhšy¥ g£lhš gy fhy© bjh£L bt›ntW fiy Ïa¡f¦fshš ö§l¥g£lit Áy K¡»a eilKiwæYŸs fiy k‰w© tot¦fë‹ xU ÁW és¡f© ÑnH bfhL¡f¥g£LŸsJ.

eÅd Û‹

j‰fhy¤Âa gwit

òÂa gwit

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gl© 10.3 eÅd tot¦fŸ 10.3.1 20M© ü‰wh§o‹ Mu©g© (Kjš cyf¥ nghU¡F K‹ò) i) üénah fiy - üénah fiy Mªt¤ö§lyhš mÂ-ehfßfkhf Ïa‰ifia¡ fUÂdhªfŸ. cæUŸs ÃuhâfŸ k‰W© tèik ä¡fit, miy mik¥ò k‰W© bghêjš, tis¨j nfhLfŸ, Áw¥ghf¢ brh‹dhš ó¡fŸ k‰W© fhŒfŸ cgnahf¥ gL¤j¥g£ld (gl« 10.4)

Fig. 10.4 Art Nouveau

gl« 10.4 üénah fiy ii)

v§z¤ij btë¡fh§Ã¤jš xU fiyPç‹ Rght© v‹dbt‹whš v§z¤Â‹ éisit mila c§ikia¤ Âç¤J¡ TWtª. bjëthf btë¥gL¤J© neh¡Fila ÏtªfŸ k¡fë‹ Mœ¨j t§z¦fshš kd¡»sª¢Áia v£l vªghª¤jdª. t§z¦fë‹ K¡»a¤Jt«, btë¡ fh©Ã¡F« r¡Âahf ÏUªjJ. (gl« 10.5)

Fig. 10.5 Expressionism

gl© 10.5 v§z¤ij btë¡ fh§Ã¤jš iii)

fdrJu tot¦fis xU nru mik¤jš - ÏJ äfΫ K¡»a¤Jt« bfhŸs rh¤ÂakhdJ. nkY© Ϥjhèa kWkyª¢ÁæèU¨J, Ãgykhd fiy Ïa¡fkhfΩ ÏJ ÏU¨jJ. fd rJu tot¦fë‹ |1}

fiyntiy¥ghLfëš btë¥gL¤j nt§oa bghUŸ cil¡f¥g£L, Muha¥gL»wJ ÃwF kdjhš k£L© v§z Ko¨jjhŒ x‹W nr®¡f¥gL»wJ. (gl« 10.6)

Fig. 10.6 Cubism

gl© 10.6 fdrJu tot¦fis xUnru mik¤jš iv)

my§fhu¡ fiy (1918-1939) - Inuh¥ghéY« mbkç¡f I¡»a ehLfëY« ÏJ Mu«gkh»aJ. Ϫj my§fhu eilKiw¡ fiyahdJ Á‰g© mšyJ fiyia él, bgUkséš c‰g¤Â brŒa¥g£l Å£L cgnahf¥ bghU£fnshL«, MilfnshL«, Áw¥ghf mik¡f¥g£l tot§fnshL« r«gªj¥g£oUªjJ. ÏJ, nfhz§fis¡ bfh©l my¦fhu tot¦fŸ,vëa, bgça msÎ tot¦fŸ, totæaš mik¥òfŸ k‰W© Ml©gu t«JfŸ M»at‰¿‹ J§Lfë‹ xU vëikahd if¡ fyitna (gl« 10.7)

Fig. 10.7 Art Deco

gl« 10.7 my§fhu¡fiy 10.3.2 Ïu§lh© cyf¥ nghç‹ Ã‰gF v)

ÂO® fiy- 1950M© M§Lfë‹ Ã‰gF th¡»š, Ϧ»yh¨ÂY© mbkç¡f I¡»a ehLfëY© fhz¡Toa fiy Ïašghf¤ njh‹¿aJ., és©gu¥ gL¤JtJ nfhä¡ üšfŸ ngh‹wt‰whš énrõ Fz© bfh§LŸs k¡fŸ fyh¢rhu¤ÂèU¨J fU¤JfS© ntiy E£gK© totik¡f¥g£LŸsJ (gl© 10.8)

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gl« 10.8 ÂO® fiy vi)

M¥ fiy - M¥ fiy v‹gJ, ghª¡f¡Toa fiy vdΩ miH¡f¥g£LŸsJ. 1960M© M§Lfë‹ th¡»š Áy f§zhš fhz¡Toa Mdhš khia Xéa¦fŸ cUthdij étç¡f¥ ga‹gL»wJ. Ïitfis¥ ghªitahsªfŸ fhQ©nghJ efU© czªÎ, Ãufhr©, ntfkhf mirΩ czªÎ mšyJ Jo¥ò, mšyJ Ŧ»nah, KW¡»nahthd Ïit Ïu§oš x‹whfnth btë¡fh§Ã¡»wJ (gl© 10.9)

Fig. 10.9 Op art

gl« 10.9 M¥ fiy Ra gߣir nfŸéfŸ 1) ghu©gça k‰W© j‰fhy¤Âa tot¦fis tiuaW 2) Áy K¡»a fiyÍ© j‰fhy¤Âa tot¦fëš tot¦fŸ j‰fhy¤Âš V‰f¥gLgitfisÍ© bgaçLf a) b) c) d) e) f)

10.4

ã# czªñ£L© tot¦fŸ

tiuaiw: eh« Á¤Âu« to¡F« nghJ - v¨j xU bghUisÍ©, mj‹ c§ikahd mik¥ò, cUt© k‰W© FzhÂra¦fnshL, m¥bghGJŸs ãiyænyna g‰¿¡ bfhŸS©nghJ eh« ã# cz®ñ£L« tot§fis¥ bgW»nwh©. mjhtJ, v¨j rhjd¤ÂY© cŸsgona m¥bghUis c§lh¡FtJ xU ã# cz®ñ£L« totkhF«. tot¦fis mj‹ ã# étu¦fnshL V‰gL¤JtJ xU é¤ijahF©. cjhuzkhf eh© xU Xéankh mšyJ xU nki#æ‹ nkš xU òÂa gH¦fë‹ mL¡F mšyJ xU njh£l¤Âš xU jhtu© M»aitfŸ mik¡F©nghJ, |1}

m›nthéa¤Âš mnj cUt©, mik¥Ãid Ëg‰¿ mitfSŸ mnj t§z¥ó¢irÍ© cgnah»¥ngh©. m›thwhf ã# tot© nghy Ko¨jtiu mik¤ÂL»nwh«. ãiwa fiyPªfŸ bghUŸfisÍ© k¡fisÍ© ã# mik¥nghL© FzhÂra¦fnshL© më¡»‹wdª. mnj khÂçahd Ϩj¥ gil¥òfëš m¨j¥ bghUS« kåj %gK« ã#khfnt mik»wJ. berÎ tot¤Âš, cjhuzkhf, m¢Rfëš ã# czªñ£lnyhL Ïa‰if¡ fh£ÁfŸ, ó¡fŸ gH¦fŸ, t§z¤J¥ó¢ÁfŸ k‰W© Û‹fë‹ gl¦fŸ mik¡f Ko»wJ. nkY« KGgu¥ÃYnkh, fiu tot§fshfnth cgnah»¡fyh« (gl« 10.11 k‰W© 10.12)

Fig. 10.10

Fig. 10.11

Fig. 10.12

Realistic Designs

gl« 10.10

gl« 10.11

gl« 10.12

xU ã# czªñ£L© tot¤ij¥ bgw ijaš ntiy¥gh£oY©, t§z¥ó¢RfŸ cgnah»¥ÃY« berÎ ea¤ÂY« Áw¥ghf gil¡f¥g£l éisit mila Ko»wJ. #¡fhª£ tot¦fis beŒÍ© nghJ© ã# czªñ£L© tot¦fëš Vuhskhd thŒ¥òfis mil»nwh©.

10.5

kdjhš k£L© v§z¡Toa tot¦fŸ

tiuaiw: v¨j xU bghUisÍ©, eh© Xéa© Ô£L© nghJ, mj‹ m¥nghija ãiyia tiuahkš, mj‹ mik¥ò, cUt© k‰W© FzhÂra¦fis czuit¡f k£L© brŒÍ© tot©, kdjhš k£L© v§z¡Toa totkhf¡ »il¡»wJ. mjhtJ, ã# cUit Áij¤J, mj‹ c§ikahd ãiyašyhJ, cŸS檥ig nknyh£lkhd totkhf mik¤jny nghJkhdjhf cŸs tot© kdjhš k£L© v©z¡Toa totkhF«. tot¦fis mik¤jè‹ bjhêšea© mšyJ E£g©, mj‹ c§ik mšyJ ã# t§z¦fisnah mšyJ berÎ ea© ngh‹wt‰iwnah bfh§ouhkš, nknyh£lkhd étu¦fnshL, x¤j tot© vJthf ÏU¨ÂU¡F© v‹gij¡ F¿¡F©. Ϩj kdjhš k£L© v§z¡Toa tot¦fŸ vJthfthtJ ÏU¡f nt§L© v‹w mtÁa© Tl Ïšiy. ÏJ KjšÃçéš Ú¦fŸ m¿¨j, òŸëfŸ, nfhLfŸ k‰W© cUt¦fëdhš Md »W¡fyhfΩ ÏU¡F©, cjhuzkhf, eh© xU Xéankh mšyJ xU nki#æ‹ nkš xU òÂa gH¦fë‹ mL¡F mšyJ xU njh£l¤Âš xU jhtu© M»aitfŸ mik¡F©nghJ, mnj cUtnkh, mik¥ngh Ëg‰whkš, mJ nfhz¦fnshnlh ÁW J§Lfshf cil¨J x‹W nrª¡f¥g£ljhfnth ÏJ ngh‹W Ïašò ãiyiaél ntWg£l ea¤Âš gil¡F©nghJ `kdjhš k£L© v§z¡Toa tot©` M»wJ. |1}

Fig. 10.13 Abstract Designs

ãiwa fiyPªfŸ bghUŸfisnah k¡fisnah kdjhš k£L© v§z¡Toa tot¤Âš mik¥gjhš m¡Fz© mšyJ m¨j czªit, c§ikahd bghUŸ mšyhkš Á¤jç¡»whªfŸ. ÏJ gil¥Ã‹ mÂeÅdkhF©. Ïš czªitÍ© ea¤ijÍ« btë¥gL¤J»wJ. berÎ tot¤Âš Ïitfis eh© mÂf© bfh§LŸnsh©. òJikahfΩ Mªt_£l¡ToajhfΩ mika k¡fŸ Ka‰Á¤J ghu©gça¤ £l¦fis vL¤J eÅd eilKiw¥gL¤Â Âwikfë‹ x‹whf Ϩj kdjhš k£L© v§z¡Toa £l¤ij totkhf btë¥gL¤J»whªfŸ. Ïš kyª, j§L, Ïiy mšyJ tªzka© ÏU¡fyh©. nkY© bjhêš Âwikna xU bgça g¦F t»¡»wJ. Ϩj tot© všyh bjhêš E£g¦fshd ifntiy¥ghL, beŒjš, m¢ÁLjš x‹w‹nkš mik¤jš ngh‹wt‰¿‰F© brŒa¥glyh©.

Ra MŒÎ édh¡fŸ 3. ã# czªñ£L© tot¦fŸ k‰W© kdjhš k£L© v§z¡Toa tot¦fis tiuaW

brŒKiw 1) ã# czªñ£L© xU totK©, kdjhš k£L© v§z¡Toa xU totK© tiuªJ t©zäLf. 10.6 F¿¥ghš czª¤J© tot¦fŸ tiuaW: xU bghUŸ,. xU Á¨ij mšyJ czªÎ mšyJ k¡ F¿¥ig cgnah»¤J v¨j tot© milahs¡ F¿p£oš étç¡»wnjh, mij¡ F¿¥ghš cz®¤J« tot§fshF«. ϨÂa tot¦fëš j¨Âu¡ fiy, F¿¥ghš czª¤J© fiyia äfΫ m«Âthukhf¡ bfh§lJ. Nça‹, éy¦FfŸ, kåjªfŸ - Ïitfë‹ x‹W¡bfh‹whd bjhlªò nkY© ÃugŠr c¤ntf© k‰w© nfhŸfŸ Ïa¡f¤ij Ϫj¡ fiy mik¥ò étç¡»wJ. (gl« 10.14)

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gl« 10.14 10.7 eh£L¥òw k¡fë‹ tot¦fŸ eh£L¥òw k¡fë‹ tot¦fis¥ òç¨J bfhŸtj‰F ϨÂa k¡fëd¥ ghu©gça¡ fiyia¥ g‰¿ RU¡fkhf eh© bjç¨J bfhŸs nt§L©. bt›ntW r_f k‰W© gH¡ftH¡fKŸs k¡fŸ FG f§zhš f§l btë¥ghnl Ï¡fiy mik¥ò ÏJ Ïa‰ifnahL x¤j k‰W© Ïa‰if¢ RH‰Áæ‹ kh‰w¤Â‰f Mshd ónyhf r¡ÂnahL Ïiz¨j thœÎ bfh§l k¡fë‹ btë¥ghL.

gl© 10.15 k¡fŸ Ïd tot¦fŸ,a a) fh¨jh k‰W© b) kªjdh

b

Fig. 10.15 Folk Designs; a. Kantha and b.

Mandana

cça r_f© KGt‰Fkhd r¡Âæ‹ é¤jhf, k¡fŸ Ïd k‰W© Fy¡fiy, K‹khÂçah»wJ. ÏJ thG© Mdhš khW»w fiy mik¥ò. Ï©k¡fë‹ fhy©, njit, Phgf© k‰W© mDgt¤jhš Ï¡fiy mik¥ò khW»wJ. mo¡fo òuhz njtijfŸ k‰W© òuhz¡ fijfŸ, j‰fhy¤Âa mik¥òfŸ k‰W© Ãugy¤ njh‰w¦fS¡F kh‰w¥gL»wJ. r¨ijfŸ, g§oiffŸ k‰W© cŸSª fhtš bjŒt¦fŸ Ϩj¡ fhy¦fëš K¡»a¥ g¦F t»¡»wJ. Ϩj¡ fiyæš thœÎ© cUth¡FjY© Ãç¡f Koahjit. «jhé¤JŸs k‰W© efuthÁfëèU¨J, Fy k¡fë‹ mÔj éê¥òzªÎ äfΩ é¤Âahr¥gLtjhš Ï¡Fy¡ fiyfŸ é¨ijahd jå¥g£l czªÎ bfh§ljh»wJ. mtªfŸ ftd© f‰gidnahL©, òuhz¡ fijfnshL©, ÏÂfhr¥ gFÂfnshL©, f‰gidæY© nkhA¤ÂY© c¤j v§z‰w njtijfnshL©brérhŒ¨J© ÔéukhfΩ ÏU¡»wJ. mtªfë‹ fiy m© k¡fë‹ thœé‹ btë¥ghlh»wJ. k‰W© mtªfë‹ Ôéu czªitÍ© khiaiaÍ© g‰¿ÍŸsJ. eh£L¥òw k¡fŸ Fy¡fiy v‹gJ, j© fhšeilfë‹ Ôtd¤Â‰F miy¨J Âç¨j k¡fë‹ f§fshš f§l btë¥ghL© nrª¨jnj. mJ ϨÂahé‹ kiy¥Ãunjr¦fëY© gŸs¤jh¡FfëY© gaz© brŒtjhš khW»w ãy¥gu¥ig¥ òy¥gL¤J© k¡fë‹ fiyÍkhF©. mtªfnshL mDgt¦fisÍ© bt›ntW fhy f£l¦fë‹ ãidÎfisÍ© it¤JŸsdª. k‰W© mtªfë‹ fiy ãiyæšyhj khWghLfS¡FŸshd thœ¡ifæ‹ cjhuzkhf¤ Âfœ»wJ. »uhk¡ fiyfŸ, MÂthÁfŸ k‰W© fhšeilfŸ nkŒ¥ig K‹å£L Ïl© bgaU© k¡fŸ fiyfë‹ xU gFÂ, xnu Nœãiyæš tsª¨j k¡fë‹ btë¥ghlhF©. |1}

fiy K‹nd‰w¤ÂY© mid¤J¡ fyh¢rhu¦fë‹ czªÎfëY© k¡fŸ Ïd M®t« bgU«g§F t»¡»wJ, cyf¤Âš v¦Fnk eh£L¥òw k¡fëd¡ fiy c§ikahdJ k‰W© óäæ‹ Ïja¤Jo¥Ã‹ ãiyahd ehoiana Ão¡»wJ. Ïj‹ öŒikæš ÏJ c§ik, tÓfu© ÏšyhjJ k‰W© g§glhj k¡fë‹ eh£l¦fisÍ© ãiyahf mJ ngh¡»ny K‹ndW»wijÍ© k¡fë‹ NœãiynahL beU¦»a bjhlªò k‰W© mj‹ mo¥gil¥ bghUshjhu¤ijÍ© btë¥gL¤J»wJ. m¦F nkš ftrnkh jtwhd F¿¥ngh Ïšiy. eh£Lk¡fŸ Ïd Xéa¦fŸ, ijaš ntiy¥ghL, cnyhf ntiy¥ghL, Rtª fiy, fij brhšYjš M»ait ehL fl¨J© guéa k¡fëd¡ fiyfëš Áyth«.

10.7.1 Xéa¦fŸ »uhk k¡fŸ Ïd Xéa¦fëš t§zkakhd v§z¦fŸ, khwhj ÏsŠrha _£l¤njhL Âahd¤jhš gu©gbghUis¡ fhzyh© v‹w e©Ã¡iffŸ fhz¥gL»wJ. mitfŸ ghu©gçakhf mHFzªéš eh£l© bfh§l ϨÂa¡ »uhk¤ij és¡F»wJ. kJghå ÃAhª Xéa¦fŸ, xç`«[hé‹ g£lh Xéa¦fŸ (gl© 10.16 m, M) uh#«jhå‹ Ã¢rhitæ‹ e¤thuh(gl© 10.16 C. D) M»a Áy k£Lnk bgça Mrdkhf k¡fëd ϨÂa Xéa¤Âyh©. mtªfŸ Mªt¤ij¤ ö©L« Ãujhd Mjhu¦fŸ bgU¦fh¥Ãa¦fŸ, òuhz¦fŸ,»UZzÄiy M»aitfshF«. gl« (10.16 c, d) njtªfŸ k‰W© njéfŸ všyh Ïa‹w mik¥òfŸ k‰W© brašfëY©, gy tifahd E£g¦fSl‹ gy t§z¦fëš Á¤jç¡f¥gL»whªfŸ (gl© 10.16)

b. Pata painting

a. Pata painting

c. Krishna Lila

Fig. 10.16

d. Krishna Lila

m. g£lh Xéa« M.g£lh Xéa« Ï. »UZz Äiy <. »UZz Äiy gl« 10.16 10.7.2 äÂiy Xéa¦fŸ xU Rj¨Âukhf ϨÂaªfŸ mik¤j fiyæ‹ btë¥ghlhf, MLtjhf, ghLtjhf mšyJ if¤ Âwdhf ϨÂa k¡fëd¡ fiy¡ Tl ÏU¡»wJ. ÕAhçYŸs jhªg¦fhé‹ äÂiy Xéaªfë‹ c§ik vJbt‹whš, Ïa‰if¡ fhŒf¿ t§z¦fëdhš Md Rtª Xéa¦fshš x›bthU ÏšyK© m¦nf |1}

my¦fç¡f¥gL»wJ.(gl© 10.17) t§z¦fŸ ó¡fŸ, Cªtd, ku¡fç, és¡F¡ fU¥ò¡frL k‰W© ÏiyfëèU¨J brŒa¥gL»wJ. t§z¦fis X£Ltj‰F nfh¨J, kâ¥gH¤ÂèU¨J¥ ga‹gL¤J»whªfŸ. öçifahf cŸSª K¦»š òš ga‹gL»wJ. äÂiy Xéa¦fŸ J⢠RUŸfënyh (gl© 10.17) jo¤j fh»j¤Ânyh, gy ÃçÎfis¡ bfh§l kj¦fŸ, r_f© k‰W© k¡fis¤ jh¡fš brŒÍ© Ïašghd rª¢irfë‹ mo¥gilæš é«jç¡f¥g£L Ï¥nghJ »il¡»wJ. t§z¤Â‹ <u mf‰¿fshš bg§oª t§zä£lJ Ïa‰ifnahL x‹¿ cwÎ ghuh£L© bg§fis¥ ÃuÂgè¡»wJ. Ït‰nwhL FH¨ijÃw¥ò, ÂUkz«, trªj« k‰W© fh£oš éy¦FfŸ M»aitÍ© Ïl© bgW»wJ.

Fig. 10.17 Mithila art

10.7.3 uh#«jhå Rtª Xéa¦fŸ uh#«jhåš äfΩ mª»w mik¥ÃY© FöfyäL© Rtª Á¤Âu¦fŸ fhz¥gL»wJ (gl© 10.18) mu§kid k‰W© rhjhuz ÅLfë‹ c£òw btë¢ Rtªfëš bt£f¤jhš ãiyFiyahj bt‰¿¥ghlšfŸ t§zkakhŒ ÏU¡»wJ. mit KGtJkhf <u¢ R©zh«ò¥ ó¢Rfëš Á¤jç¡f¥gL»w bgça ahidfŸ, FÂiufŸ k‰W© x£lf¦fŸ, Ïuh#ßfkhd Cªty¦fë‹ fh£ÁfŸ k‰w© Âif¡f¢ brŒÍ© nt£ilfŸ, f‰gid¡ fjh¥gh¤Âu¦fë‹ FzhÂra¦fŸ mšyJ fijfë‹ gl¦fshY© Á¤ç¡f¥gL»wJ. jhJ¥ bghUŸfë‹ t§z¤Âš <ukhd R§zh©ò¥ ó¢Áš t§z© Ô£l¥g£lit bkJthf Rtçš Nœ¨JŸs Âuëš bghU¤j¥gLtjhš, btŸis¥ gë¦F¡ fšè‹ nkš t§zkakhd fšèDŸ mik¡f¥g£l ntiy Fig. 10.18 v‹»w éisit Rtçš bfhL¡»wJ. ÏJ Ϩj¥ Ãunjr¤Â‹ k‰bwhU Áw¥ghF©. jäœehL k‰W© M¨ÂuhéYŸs nfhéš k‰W© MÁuk Xéa¦fŸ, nkY© nfushé‹ g¤kdhgòu mu§kidæ‹ Rtª m¥Ãunjr¦fë‹ Âwikia vÂbuhè¡»wJ. F#uh¤Â‹ u¤t MÂthÁfS© k¤a¥ Ãunjr Ãyhyh¥ gH¦FoædU© mtªfsJ Ïšy¦fë‹ k§Rtªfëš, cUth¡f¥g£l òuhz¡ fijfis t§z XéaäL»whªfŸ. K¡»akhf MÂthÁfë‹ cyf¡ f§nzh£l¤Âš, Áy neu¦fëš thd CªÂfŸ k‰W© fofhu¦fS© mitfë‹ njh‰w¤ij cUth¡F©. kAhuhZouhé‹ thªè MÂthÁfŸ gRkh£L¢ rhz¤ÂY© k§âdhY© ór¥g£l mtªfë‹ Foir¢ Rtªfëš t§z Xéa© Ô£L»‹wdª(gl© 10.19m) ϦF k§lyh¡fŸ, rka¢ rl¦F têgh£L Kiw tiugl¦fŸ mçÁ khéš fU¤J bfhŸ»wJ. (gl© 10.19M) ã¢rakhf, c¤Âu¥ Ãunjr rkbtëæèU¨nj ϨehL KGtJ© bghJthf, K‰fhy¤Âa ϨÂa tH¡fo ÅLfë‹ RtªfëY© |1}

jiufëY© mçÁkhé‹ Xéa¦fŸ njtªfS¡fhd kçahij ãä¤jkhfnth, rhjhuzkhf ešyit RtªfŸ têæš tunt§Lbk‹w éU¥g¤Ânyh Á¤jç¡f¥gL»wJ.

a. Warli

b. Mandana

Fig. 10.19

m) th®è

M) k©ldh

10.7.4 fij Twš kw¡f¥g£l fiyahd fij brhštnjhL k¡fëd¡ fiy, v¥nghJ© bjhlªòbfhŸs¥gL»wJ. (gl© 10.20) ϨÂahé‹ x›bthU gFÂæYnk fijfë‹ bghèthd ãfœ¢Áfis¥ ghªitæš ãiyãW¤j Xéa¦fŸ ga‹gL¤j¥gL»wJ. F#uh¤ÂY© t¦fhs njr¤ÂY© fij brhšgtªfŸ jhis rçneuhd gFÂfshf Ãç¤JéLthªfŸ, x›bth‹W© xU t§zä£l r¦fÂæ‹ Xéakh»wJ. uh#«jhåš Ú§l gL¡ifthF Jâ étu¥ gyifæš m¥Ãunjr ÏÂfhr§fshd `ghóí-neh-g¤` ngh‹wit cŸeh£L gH¦fhy¤Âa ca®ªnjh®fisÍ« njtijfisÍ« étç¡»wJ. Ï¥bgU§fij cy»èUªJ fjhgh¤Âu¦fshš x›bthU m¦Fy Ïl¥gu¥ò© ãu¥g¥gL»wJ. Âç¨J bfh§oU¡F© ghlfªfshd `nghgh«`fshš r¨ijfëY© ÂUéH¡fëY© uridahsuhš Jiz bršy¥gLtjhf, _¦»š f©g¤Âš Ïiz¤j ÏU mita¦fŸ bfh§l fUéia thÁ¤J¡ bfh§L ghl¥gL»wJ. Ï¥nghgh«fŸ ÏÂfhr¡ Ñj¤Â‰F »uhk© »uhkkhf `gjh¦fis` vL¤J¢ brš»‹wdª. jŠir kht£l¡ f§zho t§z Xéa ghu©gçaK© Tl gë¢ÁL© t§z¦fëš f‰gid¥ gil¥ò k‰W© F¿¥Ãl¤ j¡f j¦fÏiy-ntiy¥ghL« Á¤jç¡»wJ.

Fig. 10.20 Story telling paintings

gl© 10.20 fij TW© Xéa¦fŸ 10.7.5 xç«[hé‹ eh£L¥òw k¡fëd¡ fiy

xç«[h eh£ltç‹ `g£lÁ¤Âu¦fŸ` mÂf tH¡f¤ÂèU¡»wJ. (gl© 10.21m). t§zä£l Fil¨J totik¡f¥g£l ku¥bg£ofŸ xç«[hé‹ jå¥g£l ft®¢ÁahF«. nfushéY« Ïij¡ fhzKoÍ«(gl« 10.21M) °Âßjd« mšyJ ku Ójd¥bg£oahd mšyJ Ójd m¦f©, F#uh¤Â‹ f¤Âathlhé‰F¢ |1}

brhªjkhdJ« Ãugykhdnj. fš Fil¨J totik¥ghsªfshd xç«[h eh£ltªfŸ fl¨j fhy tsikæ‹ fh©Õça¤ij¥ gë¢ÁL»‹wdª. nrh¥ò¡fš k‰W© bfh¢Áyh¡ fšèš Á¤Âu¦fŸ brJ¡Fjš óuzkhdJ. xç«[hé‹ bfh©ghyhd bghUŸfŸ m›tik¥Ã‹ òJik¥gil¥Ã‹ bghèéš Ãugykhdit. óç k‰W© f£lh¡ Ïd fiyPªfŸ Âw©gl¡ bfh©òfis vëa tot¥ gwitfŸ k‰W© äUf¦fŸ, Ó¥òfŸ k‰W© k‰w my¦fhu¥ bghUŸfshf ea©gil¡»‹wdª.

gl« 10.21 xç°[h k¡fëd¡ fiy 10.2.6 cnyhf ntiy¥ghL nlh¡uh cnyhf ntiyahdJ k¤Âa ϨÂahé‹ MÂthÁfë‹ xU jå¤j‹ikahF©. Ϥjifa kâ cnyhf¡ fiy mik¥òfŸ éa¡f¤j¡fjhd, bgU©ghY© K‰fhy¤Âš kdš c¤j v§z¤Â‹ cUntahF©. mitfŸ cd¡FŸ Mœ¨j vÂbuhèia xè¡»wJ. (gl© 10.22) tisa¤j¡f äjis fŠr© Û‹, gh«lhª MÂæ‹ Kj‰bfh§nl gil¡»w rhkª¤ÂaKŸs M¨ij ÏitfŸ všyh© mtªfŸ cy»‹ Ãuä¡f it¡F© gil¥òfshF©.

Fig. 10.22 Dhokra Metal Works

gl© 10.22 nlh¡uh cnyhf ntiy¥ghLfŸ 10.7.6 Á¤Âu¤ ijaš ntiyfŸ òšfhç v‹gJ gŠrhË if¥Ã‹dš ntiy¥gh£o‰F© nkyhdJ. k¡fë‹ ãiyæšyh thœéèU¨J r¨njhõ¤ij¥ Ãê¨bjL¡f mtªfë‹ t§zkakhd éU¥g¤Â‹ btë¥ghlhf ÏJ mik»wJ. òšfhçfŸ bt›ntW ãfœ¢ÁfS¡fhf¤ jahç¡f¥g£ld. k‰W© jhnah gh£onah, mtŸ kfŸ mšyJ ng¤Âæ‹ ÂUkz ehs‹W Ïjåš äfΩ bgh¡»õkhdij¡ bfhL¤jhªfŸ (gl«.23).

gl© 10.23 òš¡fhç

Fig. 10.23 Phulkari

|1}

fªehlf¤Â‹ fhN£o v‹gJ neª¤Âahd xnu ijaš ntiy¥ghlhF© (gl© 10.24m), fh‹¤jh v‹gJ xëä¡f t§z¦fëš X£L¤ ijaiy¥ ga‹gL¤Â »uhk ãy¢NHè‹ fh£Áia¥ gil¡»wJ (gl© 10.24M)

a. Kasuti of Karnataka

b. Kantha of West Bengal Fig. 10.24

m. fªehlf¤Â‹ fhN£o

M.nk‰F t¦fhs¤Â‹ fh‹¤jh.

F#uh¤Â‹ f£R¥ gFÂæ‹ ijaš ntiy¥gh£oš Áw¥ghf, f§zho g¤j¤ ijaš Ëdš Ãugykhdit (gl© 10.25). Ϩj Ëdš ijašfiy ϨÂah KGtJ© igfëš, ghthilfëš, òij¢ brU¥òfëš, nkyh¡FfŸ, fG¤Jiw¤ JâfŸ k‰W© ué¡iffëš fh§ggL»wJ.

Fig. 10.25 Mirror studded embroidery of Gujarat

gl© 10.25 F#uh¤Â‹ f§zho g¤j if¥Ã‹dš ijaš ntiy j‰fhy ϨÂahéš, mik¥ghsªfS© fiy to¥nghªfS© e©k¡fëd¡ fiyfëèUªJ« e« ghu«gça¤ÂèUªJ«, bjhl®ªJ éU¥g§fis¡ bfhŸ»‹wdª. vëa eh£L¥òw k¡fëd tot¦fŸ, ghª¥gj‰F äfΩ ftª¢Áahdit. nkY© m¢Rfëš, Ëdš ntiy¥gh£oš, beŒjèš, x‹w‹nkš x‹W mik¤jèš Ïju Âw‹fŸ ngh‹wt‰¿š fhz¥gL»wJ. mjdhš eh£L¥òw mik¥òfŸ äfΩ vëikah»aJ. Áy neu¦fëš totæaš mšyJ F¢Á ngh‹W Áy neu¦fëš g§glhj, xG¦f‰w Kotilahj Xu¦fS© cUt¦fS© fhz¥gL»wJ. Ϩj mikjè‹ Ïa‰if¤ j‹ik v‹dbtåš ÏitfŸ mid¤J© ifntiy¥ghLfŸ k‰W© v¨j Áukkhd fUéfSä‹¿ Rj¨Âu k‰W© Ïa‰if tot¦fŸ »il¡»wJ. |1}

Ra-gߣir édh¡fŸ 4. tiuaW:- F¿¥ghš czª¤J© tot¦fŸ, eh£L¥òw k¡fë‹ tot¦fŸ 5. ehLé£L¥ guéÍŸs eh£L¥òw k¡fëd¡ fiyfŸ Áyt‰iw¡ F¿¥ÃLf.

10.8 £läl¥g£l ghl¦fŸ 10.8.1 tF¥giw¤ £läl¥g£l ghl¦fŸ i) fhš g¦F (fhª£ç{ jhŸfëš) Ñœf§lt‰whš C¡fkë¡f¥g£l 10 eÅd tot¦fis tiuf. EiufŸ, kyªfŸ, f£l¦fŸ k‰W© ó¡fŸ, Ïja¦fŸ, br›tf¦fŸ k‰W© rJu¦fŸ. ii) mU»YŸs ãiwa kyªfis¡ bfh§l ó¦fh é‰F¢ br‹W ÏUky®fis ÏiyfSlD« j©LfSlD« c©ikahd tiugl© tiuf. mid¤J étu¦fisÍ© fh§Ã. c‹ f£Liu¤ bjhF¥Ã‹ xU gFÂia¤ njª¨bjL¤J, t§zÚª mšyJ és©gu¤Â‰fhd t§z¤Âš t§z¥ó¢ÁLf. vGJnfhš t§z étuK© nrª¤J¡ bfhŸsyh©. iii) brŒÂU¡»w £l¦fis¡ bfh§L xU ftd¤ij¡ ftU»w¤ bjhF¥ig 3.5`` x 2`` g£o¡fhf¢ brŒ. nkY© xU 18” x 18” bk¤ij¡fhf miu¢ brh£L tot¡ mL¡if mik. t§zälhÔªfŸ. vGJnfhYlD© fU¥ò t§z(nuh£lç¦) ngdhÎl‹ k£L© tiuf. iv) kdjhš k£L© fUj¡Toa tot¦fë‹ bjhF¥ò¡fŸ 12”x12”š Ñœ¡f§lt‰whš C¡fkë¡f¥g£L cUth¡F - ó¡fŸ, ig«ny« k‰W© xU kåj‹ Kf©.

10.8.2 Ïšy¤Â‹ £läl¥g£l ghl¦fŸ i) rkh¢rhu¥ g¤Âç¡iffëèUªJ 10tot¥ gl§fshd nkyhilfënyh, òlitfŸ, gL¡iffŸ, jiu XLfŸ ngh‹witfënyh v¦nf ghu©gça tot¦fŸ cgnahf¥gL¤j¥g£oU¡»wnjh Âu£Lf. A4 fh»j¤Âš Ïitfis x£o¡ nfh¥Ãš Ïiz. ii) g¤Âç¡iffëèU¨J nf«fŸ, ku¦fŸ mšyJ f£ol¦fë‹ gl¦fis vL Ï¥nghJ Ïitfis bkšèa ½” ,1” k‰W© 3 Ú§l FW»a J§Lfshf bt£L. nkY© Ïitfis tçiræš mik. nk‰bfh§L jo¤j¡ fh»j¤Âš kdjhš k£L© v§z¡Toa tot¦fë‹ bjhF¥ò 12”x 12” š mila, Ïitfis x£L. iii) lh‹£ç¡ fiyia¥ g‰¿ nkY© brŒÂfis¡ fh§ k‰W© F¿¥òfŸ vGJ. Ï¡fiyia¢ rhª¨j 5 gl¦fisÍ© nrfçͦfŸ. iv) xU KG Ïst©z¤ jok¡ fh»j¤Âš xU vëa fijia mšyJ c‹ m‹whl thœéèU¨J xU r©gt¤ij¡ fijahf mik¤J mij vëa tot§fëY« mik¥òfëY« Á¤jç. m§F 4-5 tot§fshf Á¤jç¡f¥g£l fij ÏU¤jš nt§L©. v) 5 ky®fisÍ« 3 äUf§fisÍ« vL¤J¡ bfh©L mitfis eh£L¥òw k¡fëd¡ fiy¥ ghâæš Á¤jç. mitfŸ xU ÁW nfhyhfnth vëikah¡f¥g£l cUt¦fŸ k‰W© Ïa‰ifahfnt kh¿d éë©òfshfnth ÏU¡fyh©. ÏiyfŸ fU¥ò btŸis ãw¦fëš k£L« ÏU¡f nt©L«. |1}

vi)

vii)

10.9

F#uh¤Â‹ xU if¥Ã‹dèl¥g£l f§zho ntiy¥gh£L¤ J§il éU¥g¥go vL¤J 2 eh£L¥òw k¡fëd tot¦fŸ, 16” x 16” bfh©l xU bk¤ij¡fhfΫ 2 “ x 9” xU Xu¥g£il¡fhfΫ xU Ïsãw jo¤j m£ilæš mik¤ÂLf. Ï¡fiy ntiy¥gh£il c©ik m¦f¤ÂèU¨J vL¤j gë¢ÁL© t§z¦fëš t§z© Ô£L fiy¢ brašfë‹ tuyhW m¿¨J Ml©gu¡ fiyæ‹ F¿¥òfis ãWÎ. nkY© 10 tot¦fis x¤j eilæš nrfç. bjhF¤J mik¤jš

Ï¥bghGJ tot¦fë‹ bt›ntW éj¦fis m¿¨ÂU¡f nt§L©. Ï¥ghl¤Â‹ K¡»a¡ F¿¥òfis RU¡fkhf vGJnth©. kdjhš k£L© v§z¡Toa tot¦fŸ, eh£L¥òw k¡fë‹ tot¦fŸ, j‰fhy¤Âa tot¦fŸ, ã#czªñ£L©, F¿¥ghš czª¤J© k‰W© ghu©gça tot¦fŸ vd bt›ntW tif tot¦fŸ cŸsJ. fU¤ij mo¥gilahf¡ bfh©L tot§fis cUth¡fΫ mjid tsª¡fΩ brŒ»nwh©. ϨÂah, ghu©gça tot¦fë‹ Áw¨j nrfç¥ig¡ bfh§LŸsJ. j‰fhy¤Âa tot¦fë‹ eh£l© eilKiwia¡ bfh§L©, ghu©gça khÂçfisÍ© és¡f¦fisÍ© Ëg‰whjJkhF©. ã# czªñ£L© tot¦fŸ vd¥gLtJ c§ikahd étu¦fSlD© mik¥ò, cUt©, t§z© k‰W© berÎfSl‹ tot¦fŸ mik¡F© ntiy E£gkhF«. bt›ntW gH¡f tH¡f¤ÂY© bt›ntW r_f¤ijÍ© rhª¨j k¡fë‹ f§lj‹ btë¥ghL mikjny eh£L¥òw k¡fŸ fiyahF©. tot¦fŸ F¿¥òfshš étç¡f¥g£L© x›bth‹W© xU fU¤ij¡ bfh§L© ÏU¨jhš F¿¥ghš czª¤J© totkhF©.

10.10

j‹ gç£ir édh¡fS¡F Ïa‹w éilfŸ 1) ghu©gça tot¦fŸ- gšyh§Lfshf e© berÎfëš, fiyfëš if¤Âw‹fëš, Xéa¦fëš k‰W© Á‰g¦fëš všyh© tH¦f¥gLtJ ghu©gça tot¦fshF©. j‰fhy¤Âa tot¦fŸ: bghJthf v¨j xU totK© ghu©gça© m‰wjhf ÏU¥Ã‹, j‰fhy¤Âa (ehfßf) tot© vd¥gL©. ÏitfŸ mQFKiwæš j‰fhy¤Âait, ghu©gça khÂçfisÍ© étu¦fisÍ© Ëg‰whjit.

2) j‰fhy¤Âa tot¦fë‹ K¡»a¡ fiy k‰W© tot¢ brašfshtd: m) Ehnth fiy M) v§z¤ij btë¡fh§Ã¤jš Ï) fdrJu totik¤jš <) bl¡nfh¡fiy vd¥gL« my§fhu¡ fiy c) ÂO® fiy C) M¥ fiy.

3) v¨j xU bghUë‹ Á¤Âu© to¡F© nghJ© mj‹ c§ikahd mik¥ò, cUt© k‰W© FzhÂra¦fnshL, m¥nghJŸs ãiyænyna g‰¿¡ bfhŸS©nghJ eh© ã# czªñ£L© tot¦fis¥ bgW»nwh©. mjhtJ v¨j rhjd¤ÂY© cŸsgo m¥bghUis c©lh¡FtJ xU ã# cz®ñ£L« totkhF«. kdjhš k£L© v§z¡Toa tot¦fŸ: vªj xU bghUisÍ« |1}

Á¤jç¡F©nghJ mj‹ mik¥ò, cUt©, FzhÂra¦fis czu it¡f k£L© brŒÍ© tot© m¥nghija ãiy tiua¥glhkèU¡F© nghJ kdjhš k£L© v§z¡Toa tot© »il¡»wJ. mjhtJ, ã# cUit Áij¤J, mjdhš ÏJ nknyh£lkhd Vw¤jhs mikªj ã# tot¤ij¡ bfhL¥gjhš kdjhš k£L© v§z¡Toa totkh»wJ. 4) F¿¥ghš czª¤J© tot¦fŸ: xU bghUŸ, xU Á¨ij mšyJ czªÎ mšyJ kj¡F¿¥ig¥ ga‹gL¤Â v¨j tot© milahs¡ F¿¥òfëš étç¡»wnjh, mit F¿¥ghš czª¤J© tot¦fshF©. eh£L¥òw k¡fŸ tot¦fŸ: eh£L¥òw tot¦fŸ v‹gJ bt›ntW r_f k‰W© gH¡f tH¡fKŸs k¡fŸ FG¡fŸ f©zhš f§lj‹ btë¥ghlhF©.

5) ehL fl¨J guéÍŸs eh£L¥òw¡ fiyfëš Áy: Xéa§fŸ, äÂiy Xéa§fŸ, uh#°jhå Rt® fiy, fij brhšYjš, xç°[hé‹ eh£L¥òw k¡fŸ fiy, cnyhf ntiy¥ghL, if¥Ã‹dš ntiy¥ghL Kjèad.

10.11 1) 2) 3)

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