7- jax la;kstuk (COLOUR HARMONY) igyh nks bdkbZ;ksa esa jaxksa ds vk”p;Ztud lalkj ds fo"k; esa tkudkjh nh x;h gS rFkk vkidks cgqr lkjs jaxksa] muds 'ksM] fVUV rFkk vusd çdkj ds fefJr jaxksa dks ç;ksx djuk fl[kk;k rFkk vkids dk;Z dks jaxhu vFkZ nsus ds fy, lfEeJ.k dh fofo/krk mRiUu dhA ;g bdkbZ jax ;kstukvksa ij vk/kkfjr gS ftlesa jaxksa ds egRo vkSj vFkZ ds vuqlkj muds Á;ksx }kjk Áfriknu djuk lh[ksxs] o jaxksa ds egRo vkSj vFkZ ds vuqlkj muds Á;ksxA igys ikB esa fofHkUu jax ;kstuk,¡ tks vyx vyx fo"k; (themes) ij vk/kkfjr gksaxh] nwljs ikB esa vkidks jax rFkk jax ;kstukvksa dks ç;ksx esa ykus ds fy, dqN igyqvksa ds ckjs esa crk;k tk;sxk rFkk bl bdkbZ ds rhljs rFkk vafre ikB esa dqN O;kogkfjd fLFkfr;k¡ fn[kkbZ tk;saxh tks ,d fo”ks"k jax ;kstuk ls esy [kk;saxhA
7-0 mís”; bl ikB dk v/;;u djus ds i”pkr~ vki fuEufyf[kr fo"k;ksa dks le> ik;sxsa % • jax la;kstuk,¡ (Colour Harmonies) • jax la;kstukvksa dk dkx+t+ ij vH;kl djus ds fy, vko”;d lkexzhA
7-1 ÁLrkouk fo"k; ds vuqlkj Á;ksx dh x;h jax ;kstukvksa dks jax la;kstuk dgrs gSaA jax la;kstuk esa foKku ,ao dyk nksuksa ds gh xq.k gSaA tks jaxksa dh ped vkSj fojks/k ds fo”ks"k fu;ekssa dk vuqlj.k djrh gSA fofHkUu Hkkxksa (jajaxksa) dh lqUnj O;oLFkk dks jax la;kstu dgrs gSa pkgs og dfork gks] jax gks ;k laxhr gks n`f"Vxr vuqHko esa ^^ la;kstu^^ og gS tks gekjh vk¡[kksa dks lqanj yxsA ;g n”kZd dks ck¡/ks j[krk gS rFkk n`f"Vxr vuqHko esa Øe rFkk larqyu cukus dh le> cukrk gSA ;fn dqN la;kstu esa ugha gSa] rks og ;k rks uhjl gksrs gSa ;k vLrO;Lr gksrs gSaA ekst+kj~~V (Mozart) ls esMkWuk (Madonna) rd laxhr esa leku 12 Loj rFkk ltho fp=.k esa xqVucx+Z ¼Gutenberg) ls Xysl~j~ (Glaser) rd leku jax ifêdk ç;ksx esa ykrs gSaA jax la;kstu] dk foKku dkSu lk dgk¡ Á;ksx djuk gSA çR;sd jax ds Øe rFkk vuqikr dks ç;ksx esa ykuk tkurk gSA jax la;kstu] gesa n`f"Vxr :fp rFkk Øe dk Kku nsrk gSA bldks ge jax ;kstuk ds ç;ksx }kjk ÁkIr dj ldrs gSa blds fo"k; esa foLrkj ls bl bdkbZ esa vki i<+asxsA ;g gesa fofo/k ,oa Lora= :i ls lkspus ds cgqr vf/kd lqvolj çnku djrk gS ftlls ge vO;kogkfjd /kkj.kk (abstract concept) dks jax euksfoKku }kjk ÁdV dj ldsaA jax ;kstuk cukus esa] ge cgqr lkjs ÁHkko”kkyh :Ik Á;ksx dj ldrs gSa rFkk ;gh lc bl ikB esa o.kZu fd;k tk;sxkA
7-2
jax la;kstuk,¡ (COLOUR HARMONIES)
7-2-1 lkn`”; jax la;kstuk (ANALOGOUS COLOUR HARMONY) 1
;g jax la;kstuk jax pØ ij vkl ikl fLFkr jaxksa dk mi;ksx djus ls ÁkIr gksrh gS tSls yky] gYdk cSaxuh rFkk cSaxuh ¼fp= 7-1 ,oa 7-2½A bu jaxksa dks o.kZØe (spectrum) ij ;fn iw.kZr% vyx u j[kk tk;s rks ;g fefJr gks tkrs gS vkSj jaxksa ds feyus o Vdjkus (clash) ls cSpsuh+ rFkk mÙkstuk mRiUu gks ldrh gSA jax pØ ij ,d nwljs ds fudVorhZ jaxksa dk foosdiw.kZ ek=k esa ç;ksx lPph ;ksX;rk ,oa foLRkkj ç;qDr djrk gSA
fp= % 77-1 lkn`”; jax (Analogous)
fp= % 77-2 lkn`”; jax (Analogous) yky] gYdk cSaxuh
Lkkn`”; (analogous) jax ;kstukvksa esa rhu jaxksa dk ç;ksx gksrk gS tks jax pØ ij ,d nwljs ds ckn Øe esa fLFkr gksrs gaSA os lkekU;r% vuq:i gksrs gSa rFkk 'kkafriw.kZ ,oa vkjkenk;d fMt+kbu cukrs gSaA lkn`”; (analogous) jax ;kstuk,¡ çk;% ç—fr esa ikbZ tkrh gSa rFkk gekjh vk¡[kksa dks lqanj rFkk vkjkenk;d çrhd gksrh gSaA bu jaxksa ds jaxr (hue) rFkk fVUV Hkyh Hkk¡fr fefJr gks tkrs gSaA Lkkn`”; (analogous) jax ;kstuk cukus ds fy, dqN eq[; fcUnq% • ;g lqfuf”pr djsa fd i;kZIr fojks/k (contrast) miyC/k gS ¼fp= 7-3 ,oa 7-4½A • ,d eq[; jax] nwljk lgk;d jax rFkk rhljk mldks c<+kok nsus okyk gh pqusA
fp= % 77-3 lkn`”; (Analogous) jax
fp= % 77-4 lkn`”; (Analogous) jax la;kstuk
vkb, ge fojks/k (contrast) rFkk ,lsUV (accent) dk vFkZ nksgjk,a % • fojks/k&(Contrast):blesa fHkUu fHkUu fojks/kh (contrast) jax i`"BHkwfe ds :i k esa ,d nwljs jax dks mHkkjus ds fy, Á;qä fd;s tkrs gSaA • ,lsUV~ V&(Accent):- blesa fofLer djus okys ewY; ds fy, ,d jax ds Øe rFkk rhoz fojks/kh jaxksa dk Á;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA (fp= 2-11) ;g foijhr ÁÒko foijhr 2
(complementary) jax] ds gYds vkSj xgjs 'ksM] pednkj vkSj /kaq/kys] gYds xje vkSj BaMs jax] “kq) vkSj fefJr jaxksa dk Á;ksx djds cuk;k tk ldrk gSA
7-2-2 laiwjd jax la;kstuk (COMPLEMENTARY COLOUR HARMONY) bl jax la;kstuk dks çkIr djus ds fy, jax pØ ij fLFkr ,d nwljs ds lh/ks lkeus okys nks jaxksa dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gS tSls ihyk rFkk cSaxuh ;k yky rFkk gjkA okafNr ifj.kke çkIr djus ds fy, jaxksa dk pquko rFkk mudh ek=k dk Kku cgqr vko”;d gSaA ,d jax dk vPNk ÁHkko ykus ds fy, mlds foijhr jax dk de ek=k esa Á;ksx djuk pkfg, u fd cjkcj ek=k ,d jax ds foijhr jaxksa dk ç;ksx fcYdqy vyx djuk ,d loksZÙke fu;e dk gSA
fp= % 77-5 laiwjd (Complementary)jax la;kstuk
fp= % 77-6 VkbZ rFkk MkbZ n”kkZrk laiwjd (Complementary) jax la;kstuk
jax pØ ij ,d nwljs ds lh/ks lkeus gksrs gSa os laiwjd (Complementary) jax dgykrs gS ¼fp= 7-5 rFkk 7-6½A laiwjd (Complementary) jaxksa ds mPp fojks/kh (contrast) jax pedhys vkSj vkd"kZd jax mRiUu djrs gSaA laiwjd (Complementary) jax ;kstuk mi;ksx esa ykus ds fy, dqN fo”ks’k ckrs% • de ek=k esa gh budk ç;ksx djuk pkfg,A • çeq[krk n”kkZus ds fy, cgqr mi;qDr gSaA
7-2-3 [kafMr laiwjd jax la;kstuk(SPLIT COMPLEMENTARY COLOUR HARMONY) [kafMr
laiwjd (split complementary) jax ;kstuk laiwjd (Complementary) jax ;kstuk dk foLrkj gSa ¼fp= % 7-7½A bl la;kstuk esa rhu jaxksa dk ç;ksx gksrk gS] eq[; jax ds vfrfjDr mlds laiwjd (Complementary) jax ds nks fudVorhZ jaxksa dk ç;ksx djus ls ;g jax ;kstuk ÁkIr gksrh gSa bl ;kstuk dk n`f"Vxr fojks/kkHkkl (visual contrast) mruk gh çHkko”kkyh gksrk gS ftruk fd laiwjd (Complementary) jax ;kstuk dkA blesa ,d eq[; jax dk ç;ksx gksrk gSa vkSj blds lkFk foijhr jax ds nksukasa vksj ds nksuks jaxksa dk ç;ksx gksrk gS rFkk laiwjd jax dk ugha gksrk gSa mnkgj.k ds fy, bl la;kstuk esa uhys jax dk ç;ksx yky ukjaxh ¼ukjaxh jax ds ck¡;h vksj tks uhys dk Bhd laiwjd gS½ rFkk ihyk ukjaxh ¼ukjaxh jax ds nk¡;h vksj fLFkr½ ds lkFk gksrk gSA ¼fp= 7-8½ [kafMr laiwjd jax ;kstuk ç;ksx esa ykus dh lq>ko%& 3
blls dke djuk vklku gS] blfy,] /kwfey gksus ds volj de gSaA
fp= % 77-7 [kafMr laiwjd jax
fp= % 77-8 [kafMr laiwjd jax la;kstuk
7-2-4 f=Hkqtkdk kdkj jax la;kstu (TRIAD COLOUR HARMONY) f=Hkqtkdkj jax la;kstu esa jax pØ ij cjkcj nwjh ij jaxksa dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gS ¼fp= 7-9½A ;g ,d pedhyh rFkk vkd"kZd jax ;kstuk gSA blesa ,d:irk ds (harmonious) çHkko dks çkIr djus ds fy, rhu jaxksa dk ,d lkFk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA jaxksa dk ;g lkeUtL; gS tks leckgq f=Hkqt ds leku gS tks jax pØ ij lqij bEikst ¼super impose) fd;k tkrk gS tSls gjk] ukjaxh rFkk cSaxuh jaxA jax pØ ij bl f=Hkqt dks ?kqekus ls] fdlh jaxr (hue) ds rhu jax Kkr fd;s tk ldrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, ;fn f=Hkqt dks bl çdkj ?kqek;k tk;s fd ,d fcUnq ihys gjs ij gks rks ;g Kkr gksrk gS fd yky&ukjaxh rFkk uhyk&cSaxuh oks jax gS ftudks ihys&gjs jax ds lkFk feykus ls f=Hkqtkdkj jax la;kstu çkIr gksxkA ¼fp= % 7-10½
fp= 7-9 f=Hkqtkdk kdkj jax
fp= 77-10 f=Hkqtkdkj jax ;kstuk
f=Hkqtkdk kdkj jaax ;kstuk ç;ksx djus ds dqN lq>ko % • jaxksa dks lko/kkuh iwoZd larqfyr djuk pkfg,A • ,d jax dh ç/kkurk gksuh pkfg, rFkk vU; nks jax ,lsUV (accent) ds fy, ç;ksx esa yk;s tkus pkfg,A 7-2-5 ,djaxh; jax la;kstuk (MONOCHROMATIC COLOUR HARMONY) ,djaxh; jax ;kstuk esa dsoy ,d jax dk mlds lHkh fVUV] 'ksM rFkk Vksu ds lkFk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gS ¼fp= 7-11½A bl la;kstu dks ,d gh jax ds fHkUu fHkUu fVUV ;k “ksM dks ç;ksx esa ykus ls çkIr fd;k tk ldrk gSA bls la;kstu eas foosdiw.kZ <ax ls ,d gh jax dks fHkUu fHkUu ek=k esa Á;ksx esa ykus ls ÁkIr fd;k tk ldrk gSA bl jax la;kstu dks çk;% uhjl (monotonous) dgk tkrk gSA fQj Hkh ;fn blds çHkko dks çkIr dj fy;k tk;s rks ;g gesa lw{e rFkk yqHkkouh i`"B&Hkwfe çnku djrh gSA blesa eq[; jax Ácy gksrk gS rFkk blds ‘ksM o fVUV Øfed gksrs gSa ¼fp=% 7-12½A de ek=k esa laiwjd ;k foijhr jax 4
,lsUV (accent) ds fy, feykuk cgqr gh lkekU; çfØ;k gSA tks cgqr çHkko”kkyh O;fDrRo ds fy, mfpr gSA
fp= 77-12 fp= ds lkFk ,djaxh; jax ;kstuk
fp= 7-11 ,djaxh; ,djaxh; jax ;kstuk ds Á;ksx ds fy, dqN lq>ko %
• ;g ,d dfBu jax ;kstuk gSa ] blls dk;Z djrs le;] O;fä dks lHkh laHko 'ksM fVUV vkSj Vksu dks ç;ksx djus dk ç;Ru djuk pkfg,A
7-2-6 VSVªkfMd (TETRADIC) VSVªkfMd jax ;kstuk esa pkj jaxksa dk ç;ksx gksrk gSa tks nks laiwjd jax ds tksM+s esa O;ofLFkr gksrk gS] tSls] yky] cSaxuh] gjk] ihyk ¼Øekad 1] 3] 7 rFkk 9 jax pØ ij½A bl mRre jax ;kstuk ls fHkUurk dh cgqr lh laHkkouk mRiUu gksrh gS ¼fp= 7-13½A
fp= 7-13 VSVªkfMd kfMd jax
7-2-7 jaxjfgr (ACHROMATIC) ;g jax ;kstuk dsoy dkys] lQ+sn rFkk lysVh jax ds fofHkUu “ksM dk ç;ksx djds çkIr gksrh gS blesa dksbZ vU; jax ç;qDr ugha gksrk gSaA ¼fp= % 7-14 rFkk 7-15½A
5
fp= 7-14 jaxjfgr
fp= 7-15 fp= jaxjfgr la;kstuk ds lkFk
jaxjfgr ;kstuk ds ç;ksx ds fy, dqN lq>ko % • ;g cgqr dfBu jax ;kstuk gS rFkk dkys vkSj lQsn jax dk okLrfod larqyu okaNuh; gSA
7-2-8 rVLFk (NEUTRAL) bl ;kstuk esa flQZ ,d jax fofHkUUk “ksM rFkk fVUV ds lkFk Á;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA lfEeJ.k cukus ds fy, bl jax esa lQsn rFkk dkys jax dks feyk;k tkrk gS ¼fp=% 7-16½A ;g jax ;kstuk cgqRk gh “kkafriw.kZ çHkko nsrh gSA lysVh jax] Hkwjk jax] gydk ihyk&Hkwjk jax rFkk vfuf”prrk okys lHkh ls ftUgsa vuko”;d le> dj Ák;%gVk fn;k tkrk gSA ;|fi] ;g jax loksZPp Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gS] rFkk pedhys jaxksa dks foQy djus ds fy, dk;Z djrs gSa mUgsa i`"BHkwfe çnku djrs gSaA rVLFk jaxksa ls dk;Z djus esa ,d dfBukbZ ;g gS fd fdl jax ls feJ.k rS;kj djuk “kq: djsa bldk fo”ys"k.k djuk dfBu gksrk gSA
fp= 7-16 rVLFk jax
fp= 7-17 fp= rVLFk jaxksa ds lkFk
fdlh jax dks ÁHkkoghu djus dk vPNk rjhdk gS fd mlds foijhr jaxksa dk Á;ksx fd;k tk;sa ¼fp=% 7-17½A laiwjd jax og gksrs gSa tks jax pØ ij ,d nwljs ds foijhr gksrs gSa] tSls] yky vkSj gjk] cSxuh vkSj ihyk] ukjaxh vkSj uhykA tc bu foijhr pedhys jaxksa ds tksM+kas dks feyk;k tkrk gS rks os ,d nwljs dks jÌ dj nsrs gSa vkSj lw{e rVLFk jax cu tkrs gSa tks Á;ksx gq, jaxksa ds vuqikr ds vuqlkj fHkUu gksrk gSA lQy rVLFk jax fMt+kbu dks lnSo vf/kd çHkkfor djrs gSaA
7-2-9 çkFkfed (PRIMARY) ;g yky] gjk rFkk uhys jaxksa ds “kq) jaxr (hue) dk lfEeJ.k gSA ;g cgqr vkd"kZd ;kstuk gS rFkk laiwjd ;kstuk leku gh ç;ksx esa ykbZ tkrh gSA
7-2-10 ek/;fed (SECONDARY) ;g gjk] cSxuh] ukjaxh jaxksa ds ek/;fed jaxksa (hues) dk lfEeJ.k gSA ;g ÁkFkfed ;kstuk ls de pedhys gksrs gSaA 6
Lo;a tk¡p ç” ç”u % 1234567-
Lkkn`”; jax ;kstuk ds lanHkZ esa fojks/k ls D;k vfHkçk; gS\ Lkkn`”; jax ;kstuk ds lanHkZ esa ,lsUV (accent) dks ifjHkkf"kr djsaA Ykky ,oa ihys jaxksa ds ifjokj esa vkus okys jaxksa ds uke fyf[k,A Lakiwjd jax la;kstuk D;k gksrh gS\ ,djaxh; rFkk jaxjfgr jaxksa esa D;k varj gS\ a) rVLFk b) f=Hkqtkdj jax ;kstuk ds jaxksa dh lwph cukb,A fjDr LFkku Hkjks% i) jax pØ ds nks lkFk lkFk okys jaxksa dk ç;ksx _____ jax la;kstu esa gksrk gSA ii) _____ ,d jax ij vk/kkfjr jax la;kstu dk mnkgj.k gSA iii) jax pØ ij _____ uhys jax dk laiwjd gSA
xfrfof/k (ACTIVITY) 1- ¼ dkfVªt “khV rFkk iksLVj jax ysaA dkxt+ ij] dkys lss lQsn dh vksj pyrs gq, ,d “khV ij jaxjfgr la;kstuk cukb,] dkys dks lQ+sn dh vksj c<+krs gq, bl jax ;kstuk ds 20 Vksu cuk;saA bl xfrfof/k ds fy, okafNr lkexzh % • • • •
dkxt ¼vk/kh bEihfj;y] lQsn Mªkbax “khV~½ rFkk iksLVj jax ¼yky] ihyk] uhyk½ ijdkj (Compass)] isafly] jcj] 6^^Ldsy] jax djus ds fy, cz”k ¼xksy ckyksa okysa cz”k½ uañ 2 ,oa 4A ikuh ds fy, NksVk cjru diM+s dk ,d VqdM+k
7-3 nÙkdk;Z 7-3-1 d{kk dk;Z i) bl ikB esa fl[kkbZ xbZ nl jax ;kstukvksa dks vyx vyx jax pØ ;k oxZ esa cuk;saA
7-3-2 x`g dk;Z i) ¼ dkfVªt “khV rFkk ,d çkFkfed jax ¼uhyk½ dk p;u djsa rFkk bl ij lkn`”; jax ;kstuk ds lkFk la;kstu djsaA
7-4 lkjka”k bl ikB esa çHkkoh rFkk dq”kyrk iwoZd jax ;kstuk cukus dk foLr`r :i ls o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA jaxksa dk lgh vuqikr esa foosdiw.kZ <ax ls p;u dh jkspd O;oLFkk gh jax la;kstuk dgykrh gSaA jax la;kstu dks çkIr djus ds fy, bl ikB esa nl çdkj dh jax ;kstukvksa dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gSA vki fuEufyf[kr jax la;kstukvksa dk Á;ksx bl ikB ds v/;;u ds i”pkr~ dj ik;saxs% 7
• • • • • • • •
lkn`”; laiwjd [kafMr laiwjd f=Hkqtkdj ,djaxh; VSVªkfMd kfMd jaxjfgr rVLFk
7-5 Lo;a tk¡p ç” ç”uksa ds laHkkfor mÙkj 1- lkn`”; jax ;kstuk ds lanHkZ esa] fojks/k O;ä djrk gS fd ,d nwljs dks vPNk fn[kkus ds fy, fHkUu fHkUu jaxksa dk Á;ksx gksrk gS i`"BHkwfe dh rjgA 2- lkn`”; jax ;kstuk ds lanHkZ esa] ,lsUV (accent) dk vFkZ gS ,d jax dh Js.kh rFkk ,d rh[ks fojks/k jax >Vdk nsus okys ewY; ds fy, ç;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gSA ;g fojks/k çHkko laiwjd jaxksa] gYds rFkk xgjs “ksM+] pedhys] ean] xeZ rFkk BaMs jaxksa] “kq) rFkk Hkwjs jaxksa ds ç;ksx ls çkIr fd;k tkrk gSA 3- Ykky] ihyk] ukjaxh] yky&ukjaxh rFkk ihyk&ukjaxhA 4- jax la;kstu esa nks jax tks jax pØ ij ,d nwljs ds lkeus okys jaxksa dk ç;ksx gksrk gS tSls] ihyk ,oa cSaxuh ;k yky vkSj gjk vkfnA 5- ,djaxh; jax ;kstuk esa ,d gh jax ds lHkh fVUV] “ksM rFkk Vksu dk ç;ksx gksrk gS tcfd jaxjfgr ;kstuk esa dkys] lQsn vkSj Hkwjs jax ds fHkUu fHkUu “ksM gh ç;ksx esa yk;s tkrs gSaA 6- a) rVLFk jax%& Hkwjk] gYdk ihyk Hkwjk] dkyk b) f=Hkqtkdj jax%& yky] uhyk] ;k ihyk&gjk] yky&ukjaxh] uhyk&cSaxuh 7- fjDr LFkku Hkfj,% i) lkn`”; ii) ,djaxh; iii) ukjaxh jax
7-6 vH;klkFkZ ç”u i) ii) iii) iv) v)
(TERMINAL QUESTIONS)
jax la;kstu D;k gS\ lkn`”; jax la;kstuk esa fdrus jax ç;ksx esa yk;s tkrs gSa\ rVLFk jax la;kstu ds fo"k; esa fyf[k,A lkn`”; jax la;kstu dks ç;ksx esa ykus ds dqN lq>ko fyf[k,A VSVªkfMd ,oa f=Hkqtkdj jax la;kstu dk o.kZu dfj,A
8
7-7 lanHkZ rFkk v/;;u ;ksX; iqLrdsa 1. Chijiwa, H. 1987. Colour Harmony: A guide to creative colour combinations. Rockport Publishers, Rockport. 2. Stockton, J. 1984. Designer”s Guide to Colour-2. Chronicle Books, San Francisco. 3. Sutton, T. and Whelan, B. M. 2005. The Complete Colour Harmony. Rockport Publishers, Rockport. 4. http://www.tigorcolor.com
7.8
“kCnkoyh 1- Áfriknu
Hkyh Hkk¡fr Kkr djuk
2- dUVªkLV
fojks/kh
3- n`f"Vxr vuqHko
lkeus ls ns[kus dk vuqHko
4- mckÅ
v:fpdj
5- lqesy
tks esy [kkrk gks
6- vLrO;Lr (chaotic)
b/kj&m/kj fc[kjk gqvk
7- o.kZØe (spectrum)
bUnz/kuq"k esa fn[kus okys lkr jaxksa dh iVjh dk ÁfrfCkEc
8- lqij bEikst (super impose)
dYiuk djuk
9- laxr
lkFk
9