201-L-10-h by mayank govil

jsft+ t+LV MkbM MkbM VsDLVkby (RESIST DYED TEXTILES)

fiNyh bdkbZ esa geus Hkkjro"kZ esa cuus okys lqUnj isaVsM diM+ksa ds fo"k; dk v/;;u fd;kA diM+s dks vyaÑr djus dh vU; vusd fof/k;k¡ gSaA MkbZ djuk ;k MkbZax djuk muesa ls ,d gSA Hkkjro"kZ esa diM+ksa dh Mkbax 5000 o"kZ ls dh tk jgh gSA Hkkjrh; thou esa jaxksa dk fo’ks"k egRo gS] ftls fofHkUu izdkj ds lkekftd] ifo= rFkk /kkfeZd vFkZ gSA 'kqHk voljksa ij budk cgqr iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA vc ge Hkkjrh; diM+ksa dh Mkbax ds fy, fofHkUu izdkj dh jsft+LV Mkbax ds fo"k; dk v/;;u djsaxsA

1010-0 mÌs’; (Objectives) bl ikB dk v/;;u djus ds i’pkr~ vki% • fofHkUu izdkj dh jsft+LV Mkb rduhdksa dh ewy tkudkjh izkIr djsaxsA • fofHkUu jsft+LV Mkb rduhdksa dh izfØ;k rFkk mlds fy, iz;ksx dh tkus okyh lkexzh dh tkudkjh izkIr djsaxsaA

1010-1 izLrkouk (Introduction) /kkxs rFkk diM+s dh jsft+LV rduhd }kjk Mkb djus ds fy, Hkkjrh; jaxjst viuh fuiq.krk ds fy, izfl) gSaA Mkbax dh ;g fof/k diM+s ;k js’ks dks Mkbax ls igys jax ds vkaf’kd izfrjks/k }kjk diM+kas dks vyaÑr djus ds fy, iz;ksx esa ykbZ tkrh gSaA blesa diM+s dks vyaÑr djus ds fy, vkÑfr;k¡] cqukbZ] d’khnkdkjh] isafVax ;k xksVk vkfn dk;Z }kjk ugha cukbZ tkrh] vfirq diM+s ds dqN Hkkx dks Mkbax ugha djus ls ml ij fMt+kbu cuk;s tkrs gSaA MkbZax ds i’pkr~ uewuk jaxhu iq"BHkwfe ds foijhr mHkj dj vkrk gS tks /kjkry ds okLrfod jax esa gksrk gSA bl izfØ;k dh iqujko`fRr fofo/k jaxh; fMt+kbu nksgjkus ds fy, dh tk ldrh gSA

1010-2 ,sfrgkfld

i`"BHkwfe

(Historical

Background) izkphu Hkkjr esa jsft+LV Mkb ls vyaÑr diM+ksa dk izFke mnkgj.k if’peh Hkkjr dh vtark xqQkvksa ds fp= gSa ¼fp= 10-1½ NBh ls lkroha 'krkCnh ds dqN fHkfRr fp=ksa esa fL=;ksa }kjk igus x;s oL= okLro esa jsft+LV Mkb ds uewus gSaA fp= 1010- 1 vtUrk xqQkvksa dk fp=

jsft+LV MkbM jaxs x, diM+ksa dk foLr`r mnkgj.k 12oha 'krkCnh ds ckn tSu ikaMqfyfi ds fp= vkjs[kksa ds izkIr gksus ds i’pkr~ vkjEHk gqvkA jsft+LV fof/k ds uewuksa dh udy CykWd fiazafVax ds }kjk dh xbZ vy&QLRkkRk dh [kqnkbZ esa vusd lwr h oL=ksa ds VqdM+ksa ij ns[kh xbZ rFkk feJ esa Hkh lEcfU/kr LFkyksa ij Hkh ns[kh xbZaA Hkkjro"kZ esa izfrjks/kd jaxkbZ fØ;k ds Bksl izek.k dsoy 19oha 'krkCnh esa izkIr gq,A vk/kqfud ;qx esa vusd jsft+LV Mkb ls cus diM+s egRoiw.kZ laxzgky;ksa ds fy, lqjf{kr j[ks tkrs gSaA

1010-3 jsft+LV Mkb rduhd ds izdkj (Types of Resist Dyeing Textiles) lHkh izdkj dh jsft+LV Mkb rduhdsa nks izkjfEHkd fof/k;ksa ij vk/kkfjr gSa tSls QksfYMax ,oa LØhfuaxA diM+s ds QksfYMax Hkkxksa esa jsft+LV Lo;a gh cu tkrh gS rFkk LØhfuax esa diM+s ds vfrfjDr Hkkx dks <dus ds fy, lkexzh dh vko’;drk gksrh gSA fofHkUu izdkj ds cnyko rFkk bu nksuksa rduhdksa ds feJ.k }kjk vusd izdkj dh jsft+LV Mkb rduhdksa dh mUufr gqbZA

1010-3-1 QksfYMax }kjk jsft+LV Mkb (Resist Dyeing for Folding) diM+s dks xkaB yxkdj o IysV Mkydj NksVs NksVs Hkkxksa esa ckaVk tkrk gSA jax dk ?kksy bu ca/ks gq, Hkkxksa esa ugha p<+rk gS ¼fp= 10-2½A

fp= 1010- 2 QksYM jsft+LV Mkbax

fp= 1010- 3 fLVp jsft+LV Mkbax

1010-3-2 /kkxs [khap dj jsft+LV Mkb (Resist Dyeing by Drawing Threads) diM+s esa lkekU; Vkads yxk dj pqUuVsa cukbZ tkrh gaSA /kkxs }kjk diM+s dks nck;k tkrk gSA /kkxs dks vUr esa xkaB yxk nh tkrh gSaA /kkxs ij diM+s ds pqUuV ,df=r gksus ls ,d uewuk rS;kj gks tkrk gSA bl izfØ;k dks b.Mksusf’k;k dh Hkk"kk esa ^fVªfVd^ 'kCn ls tkuk tkrk gS ¼fp= 10-3½A

1010-3-3 yisV dj jsft+LV Mkb (Resist Dyeing through Wrapping) xksy dh xbZ ;k eksMh+ gqbZ lkexzh dks bl izdkj yisVk tkrk gS fd jax ijLij ncs gq, Hkkx esa u igq¡p ik,A lkekU; eksMs+ x, diM+s ij uewuk cu tkrk gS tcfd nksuksa vksj eksM+s x, diM+s ij pSd dk uewuk curk gSA jktLFkku rFkk xqtjkr esa cuus okys bl izdkj ds uewuksa dks ygfj;k dgk tkrk gS ftldk vFkZ gSa ygjsaA

1010-3-4 cka/k dj jsft+LV Mkb djuk (Resist Dyeing Through Tying) diM+s ds dqN Hkkx dks mBk dj bl izdkj cka/kk tkrk gS fd xksy vkÑfr cu tk,A bl izdkj cka/kus ls ;g jax dks jsft+LV djus dk dk;Z djrh gS rFkk mlh vkdkj dh vkÑfr cu tkrh gS /kkxs dks diM+s ij cka/kus ds vuqlkj gh vkÑfr curh gS ¼fp= 10-4½A lk/kkj.kr;k b.Mksusf’k;k 'kCn ¼iykaxh½ esa bl rduhd dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA xqtjkr esa bls cka/kuh vkSj jktLFkku esa pqUnM+h uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA

fp= 1010- 4 VkbZ jsft+LV Mkbax

fp= 1010- 5 LVsfUly jsft+LV Mkbax

1010-3-5 LVSafly }kjk jsft+LV MkbZ (Resist Dyeing Through Stenciling) bl rduhd esa LVsfUly dks diM+s ij jaxkbZ ls igys fQDl fd;k tkrk gS tks jax dks ml Hkkx ij p<+us ls jksdrk gS ¼fp= 10-5½A

Lo;a tk¡p iz’u (Self-check Questions) 1. 2.

dqN egRoiw.kZ jsftLV MkbZ ds izdkjksa dk o.kZu djsaA fjDr LFkku Hkjsa%

izkphu Hkkjr esa -------------- jaxkbZ okys diM+ksa ds mRiknu dk izFke lk{; nf{k.k Hkkjr esa --------------- dh xqQkvksa ds fp=ksa ls izkIr gqvkA

1010-3-6 isLV ;k nzo lkexzh }kjk diM+s ds ds fuf’pr Hkkx dks <d dj jsft+LV jaxkbZ djuk (Resist Dyeing by covering the fabric with paste of liquid material ) bl rduhd esa diM+s ds fuf’pr Hkkxksa ij fNMdko] isUV ;k nzo }kjk <d dj ;k ¼isLVy½ feêh ;k xksan ;k fi?kys gq, ekse dks yxk dj jax p<+us ls jksd fn;k tkrk gSA bu inkFkkZsa dks jaxkbZ ds i’pkr~ xeZ djds ;k ?kksy dj gVk;k tk ldrk gSA bl rduhd ds fy, b.Mksusf’k;k ds 'kCn ^ckfVd^ dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS ¼fp= 10-6½A

fp= 1010-6 ckfVd

10+LV Mkb djuk (Mordant Resist 10-3-7 diM+s dks jaxkbZ ds fy, rS;kj u djds jsft+ tLV Dyeing) bl rduhd esa diM+s ds fuf’pr Hkkxksa dks yksgs rFkk fQVdjh okys eksMsZaV ls <d fn;k tkrk gS vkSj jaxkbZ djus ij dsoy bUk Hkkxksa ij gh jax p<+sxk tSls fd dyedkjh rduhd esa A

1010-3-8 cqukbZ ls igys /kkxs dks vaf’kd :i ls <d dj jsft+LV MkbZ djuk

(Resist

Dyeing of Yarn or Ikat) bl rduhd esa /kkxs ds dqN Hkkx ¼rkuk ;k ckuk ;k nksuksa½ dks yisV dj jax ds fy, izfrjks/kd cuk;k tkrk gSA /kkxs dks VkbZ ,oa MkbZ ls igys mlh izdkj O;ofLFkr djuk gksrk gS ftl izdkj ls og ywe ij iz;ksx fd;k tk,xkA /kkxs dks izfrjks/kd cukus dh rduhd dks bdr ¼fp= 10-7½ ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA Hkkjro"kZ esa MCky bdr js’keh diM+ksa ¼xqtjkr ls½ dks iVksyk ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gS ¼fp= 10-8½A Hkkjro"kZ ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa vf/kdrj jsft+LV Mkb izfØ;k,a 20oha 'krkCnh esa mUur gqbZ] ftuesa eq[; gSa xqtjkr dh iVksyk vkSj cka/kuh] mMhlk rFkk vkU/kzizns’k dk bdr rFkk jktLFkku dk cka/kuh rFkk ygfj;k gSaA

fp= 1010-7 flaxy bDdr

fp= 1010-8 iVksyk

Lo;a tk¡p iz’u (Self-check Questions) jsft+LV MkbZ esa diM+s dks <dus ds fy, dkSu ls rRo iz;ksx djrs gSa\ fjDr LFkku Hkjsa% Hkkjro"kZ ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa vf/kdrj jsft+LV MkbZ izfØ;k,a 20oha 'krkCnh esa ----------------- gqbZ] ftuesa eq[; :i ls ----------------------- ds iVksyk ,oa cka/kuh] ----------------- rFkk ---------------- ds bDdr rFkk ----------------- cka/kuh ,oa ygfj;kA 3. 4.

1010-4 ygfj;k (Leharia) diM+s dks ,d Nksj ls fdukjs rd fod.kZ ds :i esa (diagonally) xksy fd;k tkrk gS rFkk tksj ls etcwr /kkxs }kjk FkksM+h

FkksM+h

fp= 1010- 9 ygfj;k

nwjh ij cka/k fn;k tkrk gSA jaxkbZ ds i’pkr~ ca/ks gq, bl Hkx esa lQsn fod.kZ /kkfj;k¡ fn[kkbZ nsrh gSa ¼fp= 10-9½A dHkh dHkh dsoy ca/ks gq, diM+s ds e/; okys Hkkx dks jax esa Mqcks;k ;k gkFk }kjk jax yxk;k tkrk gSA ygfj;k okys diM+s vf/kdrj ixM+h rFkk lkfM+;ksa ds fy, iz;ksx fd, tkrs gSA ,d gh jax okys ixM+h ds diM+s jktLFkkuh ygfj;k ds uke ls tkus tkrs gSA

1010-5 cka/kuh (Bandhani) bl izdkj ds diM+ksa dk mRiknu lwrh] Åuh rFkk flaFksfVd oL=ksa lHkh ds fy, fd, tkrk gSaA vktdy eyey] eghu lwrh diM+k rFkk tktsZV] <hyh cquh gqbZ js’ke o udyh flYd ds fy, Hkh cka/kuh dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA cka/kuh diM+ksa dks ca/ks jgus nsrk gSA fo’ks"k :i ls NksVh cwUn okys eksMs x, diM+ksa ij rc rd jgus fn;k tkrk gSA tc rd os csps ;k jax fn[kkus ds fy, fljksa ls [kksys ugha tkrs rc rd ca/ks jgus fn;k tkrk gS] xzkgd tc rd fuf’pr ugha dj ysrk gS fd og bl Nis oL= dks [kjhn jgk gS ;k ughaA 'ks"k lHkh VkbZ dks [kksyus ds fy, diM+s dks cyiwoZd vkM+s frjNs [khapk tkrk gS ftlls lHkh VkbZ ,d lkFk [kqy tk,A cka/kuh dk;Z lkfM+;ksa ¼fp= 10-10½] vks<+uh rFkk nqiêk] ixM+h] deht+] LdVZ rFkk ik;tkekas ij Hkh iz;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gSA xqtjkr rFkk jktLFkku cka/kuh oL= ds eq[; dsUnz gSaA xqtjkr esa lcls cM+h rFkk izfl) dk;Z’kkyk lkSjk"Vª fo’ks"k :i ls tkeuxj esa ikbZ tkrh gSa rFkk vU; izfl) dsUnz dPN esa gSaA cka/kuh mRiknu ds dsUnz jktLFkku esa Hkh vf/kd la[;k esa ik;s tkrs gSA ,slk ekuk tkrk gS fd chdkusj ,oa lhdj esa mRre VkbZ ,.M MkbZ dk;Z gksrk gS tks mRÑ"V ,dy vkÑfr okys gksrs gSaA t;iqj] tks/kiqj] ck<+esj] ikyh] mn;iqj rFkk ukFk}kjk vU; dsUnz gSaA

1010-6 e’k: (Mashru)

fp= 1010- 10 cks/kuh

fp= 1010- 11 e’k: dk bDdr dk uewuk

bl rduhd esa flYd rkuk rFkk lwrh ckuk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA blesa lSfVu dh cqukbZ gksrh gS ftlls diM+s dh Åij dh lrg eghu cu tkrh gS rFkk lwrh Hkkx fn[kkbZ ugha nsrkA bl fMt+kbu esa fofHkUu jaxksa dh cMh /kkfj;k¡ gksrh gS] dHkh dHkh lk/kkj.k cqukbZ ds uewuksa esa NksVh /kkfj;k¡ Hkh cukbZ tkrh gSA dHkh dHkh bDdr fMt+kbu diM+s dh iwjh lrg dks <d ysrk gS ¼fp= 10-11½A e’k: dk vFkZ gS vuqefr nsukA ewyr% ;g :<+hoknh eqfLye O;fDr;ksa }kjk iz;ksx fd, tkus okys diM+ksa dh vksj funsZ’k djrk gS ftudks 'kq) js’ke ifj/kku iguuk oftZr gSaA e’k: mRiknu dk eq[; dsUnz ikVu gS tgk¡ ij yxHkx 250 ifjokj bl O;kikj esa yxs gq, gSaA

fp= 10 10-- 12 mM+lk dh bDdr lkM+h

1010-7 mM+hlk dk bdr bdr (Ikat in Orissa) mM+hlk dk bDdr mRiknu uewuksa dh lokZsRre cukoV] gYds jaxks dk feyk tqyk :i rFkk fofo/krk ds fy, izfl) gSA bu oL=ksa ds uewuksa dk dqN Hkkx jaxk gqvk rFkk dqN Hkkx cquk gqvk gksrk gSA bdr rduhd rkus vkSj ckus nksuksa ds fy, iz;ksx dh tkrh gSA mM+hlk dk bdr Hkkjro"kZ esa izfl) gSA budk iz;ksx lkfM+;ksa] csMdoj] rfd;s rFkk dq’ku doj] est iks’k rFkk eSV] usifdu] LdkQZ] njokts rFkk f[kM+fd;ksa dh LØhu] LdVZ vkfn esa fd;k tkrk gSA ¼fp= 10-12½A

Lo;a tk¡p iz’u (Self-check Questions) 5. 6.

Hkkjr esa lwrh rsfy;k :eky cukus okys jkT; dk uke fy[ksaA fjDr LFkku Hkjsa% mM+hlk ds bdr oL=ksa ds uewuksa dk dqN Hkkx -------------- rFkk --------------- gqvk gksrk gSaA bdr rduhd dk iz;ksx diM+s ds --------------- rFkk ckus ds fy, iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

1010-8 vkU/kzizns’k dk bdr bdr (Ikat in Andhra Pradesh) vkU/kzizns’k jkT; dk lcls iqjkuk bdr dsUnz phjkyk esa gSaA vkU/kzizns’k bDdr dk izkphure mnkgj.k lEHkor% lwrh rsyh; :eky pkSdk ¼fp= 10-13½ gSA rsfy;k 'kCn diM+s ds rsfy; VSDLpj ls lEcfU/kr gS D;ksafd bl izfØ;k esa lwrh /kkxs dks jaxkbZ ds fy, rsy fHkxks;k rFkk ekM+k tkrk gSA bu rSyh; :ekyksa dk /kjkry lkekU; ;k T;kferh; uewuksa esa yky] lQsn rFkk dkys vkSj lk/kkj.k yky ls f?kjk gksrk gSA

;k esa pSd ckWMZj fp= 1010- 13 vkU/kzk bdr

1010-9 iVksyk ¼xqtjkr dk Mcy bdr½ bdr½ (Patola) xqtjkr dk iVksyk Hkkjrh; jsftLV Mkb okys lcls lqUnj ds fy, lalkj esa izfl) gS ¼fp= 10-14½A iVksyq ¼flaxy½] iVksyk ¼Mcy½ xqtjkrh 'kCn gS] ftldks jaxhu flYd ls tksM+k tk ldrk iVksyk ds cqudj lkYoh tkfr ls lEcfU/kr gSaA Hkkjro"kZ ds vusd esa mRlo ds voljksa ij iVksyk iguk tkrk gSA xqtjkr esa iVksyk lekjksgksa ds fy, izfl) gSA

1010-10 nRr dk;Z (Assignments)

diM+kas gS Hkkxksa fookg

fp= 1010- 14 iVksyk

1010-1010-1 d{kk dk;Z i) MªkWbax 'khV ij jsft+LV MkbZ okys diM+s dh jsfIydk cuk,aA ii) jsft+LV MkbZ esa iz;ksx fd, tkus okyh fofHkUu vkÑfr;ksa ds fp= cuk,aA

1010-1010-2 x`g dk;Z jsft+LV MkbZ okys diM+ksa] uewus vius ?kj] lkM+h dh nqdku] iqLrdksa] if=dkvksa rFkk bUVjusV ij [kkstas tks jsft+LV MkbZ ds fofHkUu fof/k;ksa rFkk rduhdksa dks n’kkZr k gks] ftudk vHkh rd vkius v/;;u fd;k gSA mudks lkQ i`"Bksa ij fpidk, rFkk izR;sd QksVks ;k fp= ds uhps uke vafdr djsaA

1010-11 lkjka’k (Summing Up) jsft+LV Mkb okys diM+ksa ds fMt+kbu] diM+s ;k /kkxs ds dqN Hkkxksa ij jaxkbZ ds le; jax dks cqukbZ djus ls igys jsft+LV fd;k tkrk gSA jsft+LV Mkbax ds nks :i QksfYMax rFkk LØhfuax gSaA QksfYMax fof/k esa diM+s ds eqM+s Hkkx gh jax dks jksdrs gSa tcfd LØhfuax esa vfrfjDr lkexzh dk iz;ksx diM+s ds dqN Hkkxksa dks <dus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA bu rduhdksa dks feykdj rFkk la’kks/ku djds vusd izdkj ls jsft+LV Mkb dj ldrs gSaA bl rduhdksa ds dqN izfl) mRiknu gSa% xqtjkr dk iVksyk] jktLFkku dh cka/kuh] mM+hlk rFkk vkU/kzizns’k dk bDdrA

1010-12 Lo;a tk¡p iz’uksa ds lEHkkfor mRrj (Possible Answers to Selfcheck Questions) 1.

3. 4.

5. 6.

dqN jsft+LV MkbZ dh rduhd gS% • QksfYMax fof/k }kjk jsft+LV MkbZ djuk • /kkxs [khap dj jsft+LV MkbZ djuk • yisV dj jsft+LV MkbZ djuk • cka/k dj jsft+LV MkbZ djuk fjDr LFkku Hkjs% izkphu Hkkjr esa jsft+LV jaxkbZ okys diM+ksa ds mRiknu dk izFke lk{; nf{k.k Hkkjr esa vtark dh xqQkvksa ds fp=ksa ls izkIr gqvkA jsft+LV MkbZ esa diM+s ds <dus ds fy, feÍh] xksan ;k fi?kyk gqvk ekse iz;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gSA fjDr LFkku Hkjsa% Hkkjro"kZ ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa vf/kdrj jsft+LV MkbZ izfØ;k,a 20oha 'krkCnh esa mUur gqbZ] ftuesa eq[; :i ls xqtjkr ds iVksyk ,oa cka/kuh] mM+hlk rFkk vkU/kzizns’k ds bDdr rFkk cka/kuh ,oa jktLFkku dh ygfj;kA Hkkjro"kZ esa rSfy;k :eky cukus okyk jkT; vkU/kzizns’k gSA fjDr LFkku Hkjsa% mM+hlk ds bdr oL=ksa ds uewuksa dk dqN Hkkx jaxk gqvk rFkk vkaf’kd cqus gq, gksrs gSaA bdr rduhd dk iz;ksx diM+s ds rkus rFkk ckus ds fy, iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

1010-13 vH;klkFkZ iz’u (Terminal Questions) 1. 2. 3.

jsft+LV jaxkbZ ds diM+ksa ds mRiknu dk izF ke Li"V izek.k izkphu Hkkjr ds dkSu ls fp=ksa rFkk ns’k ds fdl Hkkx esa izkIr gqvk\ QksfYMax ,oa LØhfuax fof/k }kjk mUur jsft+LV MkbZ ds fofHkUu izdkjksa dk o.kZu djsaA b.Mksusf’k;k ds fdl 'kCn dks jsft+LV MkbZ dgk tkrk gS\ jktLFkku rFkk xqtjkr esa ;g fdl uke ls tkuh tkrh gS\

isLV ;k oSDl&jsft+LV&MkbZ dh izfØ;k dk o.kZu djsaA 20oha 'krkCnh esa Hkkjr o"kZ ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa jsft+LV MkbZ rduhdksa dk o.kZu djsaA fjDr LFkku Hkjsa% i) ygfj;k dk lkfgfR;d vFkZ ----------------- gSA ii) b.Mkssusf’k;k 'kCn ------------- dk iz; ksx isLV ;k oSDl jsft+LV MkbZ ds fy, iz;qDr gksrk gSA iii) ------------------ rduhd eksMsZaV&jsft+LV&MkbZ ds fy, izfl) gSA iv) jsft+LV /kkxs MkbZax dh rduhd dks ---------------------- uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA v) mM+hlk ds bDdr rduhd dks ----------- dgk tkrk gSA vi) ygfj;k okys diM+ksa dk vf/kdrj iz;ksx ----------------- diM+ksa ,oa ---------- ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA vii) xqtjkr esa] iVksyk dh ------------------ esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gksrh gSA

4. 5. 6.

fuEu dFku lR; gSa ;k vlR;%

i) fVªfVd ysfVu 'kCn gSA ii) Hkkjro"kZ esa Mcy bdr flYd diM+s iVksyk ds uke ls tkus tkrs gSaA iii) jktLFkku dh cka/kuh esa ckus dks cka/kdj jaxk tkrk gSA iv) nks jax ixM+h dk diM+k jktLFkku esa ygfj;k ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA v) vkU/kzizns’k dk lcls izkphu bDdr dsUnz fpjkyk gSA vi) rSyh; 'kCn diM+s ds eghu VsDLpj dks cuk;s j[kus ds fy, gSaA vii) iVksyk ds cqudj lkYoh tkfr ls lacU/k j[krs gSaA viii) Hkkjrh; jsft+LV MkbZ ds lqUnj oL= xqtjkr dk izfl) iVksyk gSA ix) e’k: dk eq[; dsUnz iVuk gSA x) eksMsZaV esa yksgk rFkk fQVdjh dk feJ.k gksrk gS tks eksMsZaV jsftLV MkbZ

ds fy, izfl) gSaA 8. fuEufyf[kr dh O;k[;k djsa% i) mM+hlk dk bDdr ii) vkU/kzizns’k dk bDdr 9. fuEufyf[kr ij fVIi.kh fy[ksa% i) cka/kuh ii) ygfj;k iii) iVksyk 10. jsft+LV MkbZ okys oL=ksa dh ,sfrgkfld i`"BHkwfe ij fVIi.kh fy[ksaA

lR;@vlR; lR;@vlR; lR;@vlR; lR;@vlR; lR;@vlR; lR;@vlR; lR;@vlR; lR;@vlR; lR;@vlR; lR;@vlR;

1010-14 lanHkZ ,oa v/;;u;ksX; iqLrdsa (Suggested Further Reading and References) 1.

Desai, B.C. 1987. Ikat Textiles of India. Graphic-Sha Publ. Co., Tokyo.

Barnes, R., and Oth. 2002. Trade, Temple and Court Indian Textiles, Indian Book House Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai.

Bhatnagar, P. 2005. Decorative Design History in Indian Textiles and Costumes. Abhishek Publications, Chandigarh.

Bhatnagar, P. 2003. Traditional Indian Costumes and textiles. Abhishek Publications, Chandigarh

Gillow, J. and Barnard, N. 1991. Traditional Indian Textiles. Thames and Hudson Ltd., London.

Kothari, G. 1995. Colourful Textiles of Rajasthan. Jaipur Printers Pvt. Ltd., Jaipur.

1010-15 'kCnkoyh (Glossary) 1. 2. 3.

jsft+LV Mkbax iasfVax CykWd fiazfVax

izfrjks/kd jaxkbZ fp=.k ;k fp=dkjh BIik NikbZ