201-L-4-h by mayank govil

i k B 4 Ni s d k i fj p;

o L = k s a

(INTRODUCTION TO TEXTILES) lajpuk 4-0

mÌs’;

4-1

çLrkouk

4-2 4-3

,sfrgkfld i`"BHkwfe fMt+kbu@ uewus

4-4

nRr dk;Z

4-5 4-6

lkjka’k Lo;a tk¡p iz’uksa ds lEHkkfor mRrj

4-7

vH;klkFkZ ç’u

4-8 4-9

lanHkZ ,oa v/;;u ;ksX; iqLrdsa 'kCnkoyh

4-3-1 4-3-2 4-3-3 4-3-4 4-3-5

cx: lk¡xkusjh vtj[k Q+:Z[kckn ckx

4-4-1 d{kk dk;Z 4-4-2 x`g dk;Z

Ni s

o L = k s a ifj p;

d k

(INTRODUCTION TO TEXTILES) fiNys ikB esa vkius cqus oL=ksa ds fo"k; esa tkudkjh çkIr dh FkhA oL=ksa ds fuekZ.k ds i’pkr~ euq"; us mls ltkuk pkgkA ltkoV dh vusd fof/k;k¡ gSa( tSls jaxksa dk iz;ksx] NikbZ] fp=ys[ku vkSj d’khnkdkjh vkfnA v/;;u ds nkSjku ge bu lHkh çfØ;kvksa dks tkusaxsA bl ikB esa vki NikbZ dh fofHkUu fof/k;ksa ds ckjs esa laf{kIr tkudkjh çkIr djsaxsA bl bdkbZ ds f}rh; ,oa r`rh; ikB esa ge NikbZ dh nks izfl) 'kSfy;ksa lk¡xkusjh vkSj cx: ds fo"k; esa vkSj vf/kd tkudkjh çkIr djsaxsA

4-0

mÌs’; (Objectives)

bl ikB dk v/;;u djus ds i’pkr~ vki% • Hkkjr esa Nis oL=ksa ds fo"k; esa vk/kkjHkwr tkudkjh çkIr djsaxsA • Hkkjr ds fofHkUu çns’kksa esa izpfyr fofHkUu NikbZ 'kSfy;ksa ,oa rduhdksa ds e/; varj dks igpku ldssaxsA

4-1

çLrkouk (Introduction)

Hkkjr esa oL=ksa dk mRiknu çkphu dky ls gksrk jgk gSA Nis oL=ksa ds l`tu ,oa fodkl dk mn~Hko çkphu dky esa gqvk ¼fp= 4-1½ fdUrq çkphu Nis oL=ksa esa ls cgqr FkksMs+ gh vkt ekStwn gSaA mldk ,d dkj.k ;g gS fd diM+s dks yEcs le; ls ,d dykRed oLrq ds LFkku ij mi;ksx dh oLrq ekuk tkrk jgk gSA nSfud ç;ksx rFkk f?klkoV ds dkj.k fMt+kbu u"V gks pqds gSaA çkphure fMt+kbuksa dh çkfIr eksgsutksnM+ks dh uDdk’kh;qDr ewfrZ;ksa ij gqbZ FkhA vtUrk ds çfl) fHkfRr fp= lq:fpiw.kZ fMt+kbu dk ,d vewY; çek.k gSaA çkphu ijEijkxr oL= vkSj muds fMt+kbu ds vkus okys le; esa dsoy laxzgky;ksa] dyk&fp=’kkykvksa o lh-Mh-(CD) esa ns[kus ;ksX; gh jg tk;saxsA ,sfrgkfld n`f"V ls Hkkjr fofHkUu yfyr dykvksa o fof/k;ksa ds iyus&c<+us dk LFky jgk gSA ;g yfyr dykvksa ds fofHkUu lkEçnk;ksa ds mRFkku dk lk{kh jgk gSA blus vius mRrjh vkSj nf{k.kh Hkkxksa ds chp fopkjksa ds vuojr :i ls vnku&çnku dk vuqHko fd;k gSA vkt ;g xq.k vkil esa fey dj oL=ksa ds çHkkodkjh fMt+kbuksa ds :i esa igpkus tkrs gSaA Nis oL=ksa ds lqUnj jax ,oa fMt+kbu vk/kqfud ih<+h ds fy, ,d fo’ks"k vkd"kZ.k gSaA lakLÑfrd fojklr dh n`f"V ls Hkkjr cgqr /kuh gS ijUrq gekjh ijEijkxr dyk,¡ /khjs /khjs [kRe gksrh tk jgh gSaA ik’pkR; laLÑfr ds vU/kkuqdj.k ds dkj.k ge vius ewY;ksa dks Hkwyrs tk jgs gSa tcfd

ik’pkR; dykdkj gekjh ijEijkxr dyk ls fopkj xzg.k djds mudk mi;ksx vius orZeku dykÑfr;ksa esa fefJr dj jgs gSaA Hkkstu] oL= ,oa vkJ; thou dh rhu ewyHkwr vko’;drk,a gSaA buesa ls ;g ifj/kku gh gS tks euq"; dks lekt esa O;fDrxr igpku çnku djrs gSa rFkk mls lkekftd laLrj.k (heirarchy) ls tksM+rs gSaA bl vko’;drk dh iwfrZ ds fy, diM+s ds fuekZ.k] mRiknu ,oa ltkoV ls lEcfU/kr dk;Z lekt ds dqN fuf’pr leqnk; ds yksxksa dks fn;k x;k gSA mnkgj.kLo:i cqudj cqus oL=ksa dh cqukbZ ds fy, mRrjnk;h gS tc fd uhyxj og jaxlkt+ gS tks diM+s dks uhy esa jaxrk gS rFkk jaxjst+ ,d lkekU; jaxlkt+ gS tks lHkh jaxksa esa jaxkbZ djrk gSA R;ksagkjksa o mRloksa ds fy, jaxkbZ vkSj NikbZ }kjk cqus oL=ksa dks ltkus dk dk;Z djus okys dk ^Nhik* dgk tkrk gSA Hkkjr dk le`) çns’k xqtjkr ,oa jtokM+ksa dh Hkwfe jktLFkku dikl vkSj uhy dh [ksrh rFkk pVdhys jaxksa ds ¼Mkbt+½ çkphu ç;ksx ds fy, yEcs le; ls çfl) jgs gSaA okLro esa ;gk¡ dh ufn;ksa ds fo"k; esa dgkor e’kgwj gS fd os vius jklk;fud xq.kksa ds dkj.k jaxksa dks ,d fo’ks"k ped çnku djrh gSaA

fp= 44- 1 xqt jkr vkSj jktLFkku dk ekufp=

xzh"e _rq esa ç;ksx gksus okys isaV fd;s gq, ;k LØhu }kjk Nis gq, vkd"kZd o pedhys jaxksa ls ;qDr vf/kdka’k oL= jktLFkku ls vkrs gSaA jktLFkku dk ,d cM+k fgLlk ¼fp= 4-2½ e#LFky gS tgk¡ gfj;kyh nqyZHk gS ,oa o"kZ ds dqN gh eghuksa esa çkIr gksrh gSA bl {ks= ds fuokfl;ksa }kjk igus x;s oL=ksa ds pednkj jaxksa }kjk çÑfr dh bl Øwjrk dh {kfriwfrZ gksrh gSA jktLFkku ds jaxlktksa dks yky] gjk] ihyk ,oa dslfj;k jaxksa ds vufxur mrkj&p<+ko dh tkudkjh gSA muesa mPp dksfV dh jax psruk gS rFkkfi os lkexzh dk ç;ksx cgqr n{krk ds lkFk djrs gSaA

jktLFkku ds lk¡xkusj] t;iqj] cx: vkSj ckM+esj ,oa xqtjkr ds vatkj] nhlk] vgenkckn] tsriqj] jktdksV] iksjcUnj rFkk Hkkouxj NikbZ ds vR;ar egRoiw.kZ dsUnz gSa ¼fp= 4-2½A vgenkckn LØhu ,oa BIiksa }kjk yky i`"BHkwfe ij Nkih x;h iq"i;qDr Vgfu;ksa rFkk ck¡/kuh tSlh fMt+kbu¨a dk fuekZ.k g¨rk gSA mRrjh xqtjkr esa nhlk esa rFkk jktLFkku esa ckM+esj o tSlyesj esa NikbZ esa if’kZ;u uewuksa dk Hkh ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

Lo;a tk¡p iz’u (Self-check Questions) 1-

4-2

Hkkjr esa oL= NikbZ ds dkSu dkSu ls egRoiw.kZ dsUnz gSa\

,sfrgkfld i`"BHkwfe (Historical Background)

,sls dqN lk{; çkIr gksrs gSa tks ik¡poha 'krkCnh bZlk iwoZ esa BIik NikbZ rduhd dh mifLFkfr dh vksj bafxr djrs gSa ijUrq bl dky dk dksbZ Hkh eqfnzr oL= vc rd çkIr ugha gqvk gSA felz ns’k ds Q+Lrkr ,oa ds+lj&vky&d+nhe dh [kqnkbZ esa fudys lwrh diM+ksa ds VqdM+s Hkkjr esa cqus eqfnzr oL=ksa ds çkphure Kkr mnkgj.k ekywe iM+rs gSa ftudk mRiknu dnkfpr xqtjkr esa gqvk FkkA buesa ls vusdksa 15oha 'krkCnh vkSj mlds ckn ds dky ds gSa fdarq dqN fu’p; gh vkSj igys ds gSaA f’kYi dh n`f"V ls Q+Lrkr ls çkIr cqus oL=ksa ¼fp= 4-3½ dks nks lewgksa esa foHkkftr fd;k tk ldrk gS% 1- BIiksa }kjk NikbZ rFkk dnkfpr ekse ;k feÍh ds vojks/k dk ç;ksx djds ,d vdsys jax] lkekU;r% xgjs cSaxuh&uhys ;k yky jax esa jaxs gq, rFkk 2- ,d ;k vf/kd pVdhys jaxks ds elkyksa ls BIiksa }kjk Nkis x;s] rFkk ftuds ltkoVh vkys[;ksa dh cká :i js[kk dHkh dHkh vojks/k ¼jsft+LV½ }kjk js[kkafdr gksrh gSA nksuksa 'kSfy;ksa rFkk fof/k;ksa eas ;g ckr /;ku nsus ;ksX; gS fd Q+Lrkr mu cqus oL=ksa ds iwoZxkeh gSa ftudh NikbZ xqtjkr ds /kekndk ¼vtj[k½ tSls dsUnzksa esa vkt Hkh gksrh gSA ijEijkxr jktLFkkuh ifj/kku vU; fdlh izns’k dh vis{kk vf/kd jax fcjaxs ,oa fMt+kbu ;qDr gksrs gSaA jktLFkku dk lkaLÑfrd i;kZoj.k vf/kdka’kr% tkfr O;oLFkk ij vk/kfjr gS] ftlds QyLo:i blds HkksT; o is; inkFkksaZ rFkk jhfr&fjokt+ksa o vkpj.k esa fofo/krk iw.kZr % Li"V gSA ifj/kku ds jaxksa vkSj fMt+kbuksa dk pquko bruh dq’kyrk ds lkFk fd;k x;k gS fd fudV ls ns[krs gh iguus okys dh igpku ,oa lkekftd fLFkfr dk irk py tkrk gSA NikbZ dh 'kSyh esa euq"; dk çÑfr çse çfrfcafcr gksrk gSA pwafd NikbZ ,oa jaxkbZ gsrq vf/kdrj ouLifrd jaxksa dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gS vr% fofHkUu fdLeksa dh cgqjaxh NikbZ ,oa jaxkbZ dk dk;Z ,d cM+h miyfC/k gSA tc ge iwjs ns’k esa ns[krs gSa rks ges gkFk ls NikbZ dh vusdksa fof/k;k¡ fn[kkbZ iM+rh gSa( tSl s Mk;jsDV BIik NikbZ] LØhu ds iz;ksx }kjk NikbZ] [kM+h ;k jksxu fMLpktZ NikbZ rFkk LVSfUly NikbZ vkfn ¼fp= 4-4½A BIik NikbZ cwVksa dh fofHkUurk dk foLr`r izn’kZu djrh gS] tc fd jaxkbZ esa jaxksa dh fofHkUurk ifjyf{kr gksrh gSA Lo.kZ NikbZ Hkh lfn;ksa iqjkuh gSA çR;sd tkfr ,oa e.My dk viuk vyx fdLe dk viuk vyx fdLe dk fMt+kbu gSA jax viuh LFkkuh; mi;ksfxrk ds vk/kkj ij ouLifr;ksa vkSj /kkrqvksa ls çkIr fd;s tkrs FkssA

4-3

fMt+kbu@ uewus (Designs/Motifs)

;g ckr /;ku nsus ;ksX; gS fd tgk¡ fMt+kbuksa dk ukedj.k LFkkuh; Hkk"kk ,oa ç;qDr LFkkuh; 'kSyh ij vk/kkfjr gS ogha NikbZ ds fMt+kbuksa ds uke i’kqvksa] if{k;ksa ;k ouLifr;ksa rFkk vU; çkÑfrd oLrqvksa ds uke ij vk/kkfjr gSaA jaxkbZ esa Hkh jaxksa ds uke vkt dh Hkk¡fr yky] gjk ;k ihyk ugha FksA jaxksa ds çpfyr uke Hkh çÑfr vkSj thou dks çfrfcafcr djrs Fks tSls dlwey ¼yky½] rks:Qwyh ¼ihyk½] ew¡fx;k ¼gjk½] jkrk vfn ¼fp= 4-5½A

4-3-1 cx: (Bagru) cx: t;iqj uxj ds iwoZ eas 32 fdyksehVj dh nwjh ij fLFkr ,d NksVk lk xk¡o gSA cqus oL=ksa ij pedhys çkÑfrd jaxksa }kjk gkFkksa dh BIik NikbZ dh ijEijkxr çfØ;k lfn;ksa ls izfl) gS ¼fp= 46½A çkphu le; esa cxq: NikbZ eq[;r% LFkkuh; turk }kjk fo’ks"kdj fL=;ksa }kjk iz;ksx esa yk;h tkrh FkhA jaxkbZ vkSj NikbZ dh Lons’kh çfØ;kvksa }kjk eksVs lwrh diM+s ij xk<+s cSaxuh&uhys jax] eath"B }kjk çkIr xqyukj jax dkyk jax rFkk pedhys ihys jaxksa }kjk vkd"kZ.k fMt+kbu fufeZr fd;s tkrs FksA bu fMt+kbuksa ds fuekZ.k esa Qwy lEcU/kh ,oa i’kq&if{k;ksa dh vkÑfr;ksa ds lkFk T;kferh; vkÑfr;ksa dks Hkh vaxhdkj fd;k tkrk FkkA vc Ñf=e jaxksa us çkÑfrd jaxksa dk LFkku ys fy;k gS ijUrq vojks/k ¼jsft+LV½ o muds ç;ksx rFkk çfØ;kvksa o muds Øe esa cgqr de ifjorZu gqvk gSA dqN lhek rd 'kSfy;ksa ,oa fMt+kbuksa dks cnyrh gqbZ Hkkx ds lkFk lkFk le; vuqdwy cuk;k x;k gSA

4-3-2 lk¡xkusjh (Sanganeri) lk¡xkusj t;iqj ls 15ehy dh nwjh ij nf{k.k iwoZ esa fLFkr gSA lk¡xkusjh gkFk dh BIik NikbZ m|ksx dks ty] lw;Z dk izdk’k] vknZZz ok;qe.My ,oa NikbZ ds Øe esa iz;ksx esa yk;h tkus okyh tM+h&cwfV;ksa o Qwyksa dh LFkkuh; Lrj ij çkfIr tSls çkÑfrd dkjdksa dh lqfo/kk izkIr gS tks bls mUur cuk;s j[kus esa lgk;d gSa ¼fp= 4-7½A gkFk dh BIik NikbZ cqus oL=ksa dks jaxus okys nzO;ksa dks jax vkSj eksfVQ+ çnku djus dk ,d ijEijkxr :i gSA BIik NikbZ O;olk; lEiw.kZ Hkkjr esa QSyk gSA vktdy lk¡xkusj esa BIik fuekZrkvksa ,oa Nikb;ksa dh Hkjekj gSA lk¡xkusj NikbZ dh i`"BHkwfe lQsn gksrh gSA blesa lkekU;r% yky vkSj dkys rFkk dHkh dHkh cSaxuh jax dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA Qyksa lEcU/kh uewuksa dk iz;ksx vkd"kZd fMt+kbuksa ds :i esa fd;k tkrk gS ,oa budk ukedj.k ikS/kksa ds vk/kkj ij gksrk gSA budk [kkdk Li"Vrk ,oa ykfyR; ds lkFk [khapk x;k vkys[; gksrk gSA 18oha 'krkCnh esa vusdksa f’kjL=k.k] lkQs] ixfM+;k¡ o vU; lkexzh Nkih x;h FkhA

4-3-3 vtj[k (Ajarakh) dPN dk /kekndk xzke vtj[k oL=ksa ds uke ls izfl) viuh iyVus ;ksX; NikbZ ds fy, izfl) gSA vtj[k dk mRiknu dPN ,oa jktLFkku eas gksrk gSA bu oL=ksa esa T;kferh; vkSj Qwyksa ds vkd"kZd fMt+kbuksa dk çn’kZu gksrk gSA

vtj[k oL=ksa ij ,d rjQ+ ;k nksuksa vksj BIik NikbZ gksrh gSA vf/kd lEHkkouk ;g gS mlds uke dh mRifRr uhyk jax ds i;kZ;okph vjch 'kCn ^vtjd* ls gqbZA fu’p; gh xk<+k cSaxuh&uhyk jax bu oL=ksa dk ç/kku jax gSA vtj[k oL= dk ç;ksx eqlyeku iq#"kksa }kjk oSokfgd ifj/kku ds :i eas fd;k tkrk gS ¼fp= 4-8½A

4-3-4 Q+:Z[k+kkckn +kckn (Farukhabad) Q+:Z[k+kckn dh NikbZ dkys jax ls cká js[kkafdr xqykch ,oa uhys jaxksa ds ç;ksx ls cuk;s x;s ykfyR; ds lkFk vkd"kZd fMt+kbuksa ds fy, izfl) gSaA Q+:Z[k+kckn m|ksx vius ihry ds BIiksa dh fof’k"Vrk ds fy, tkuk tkrk FkkA blds vfrfjDr ;gk¡ ij xeZ fçafVax Vscy dk ç;ksx lcls igys vkjEHk gqvk ftlds dkj.k Nis gq, diM+s dk laj{k.k tYnh ls ;k mlh le; gks tkrk gS ¼fp= 4-9½A

4-3-5 ckx (Bagh) ckx e/;izns’k dk ,d vyx Fkyx fLFkr xzke gS tks gkFk dh BIik NikbZ ltkoVh vkys[;ksa ds fy, çfl) gSA yky] uhys ;k dkys lwrh tehu ij çk;% mlh jax ds gYds mrkj p<+ko }kjk vkys[;ksa dk fuekZ.k ;gk¡ dh fo’ks"krk gS ¼fp= 4-10½A

Lo;a tk¡p iz’u (Self-check Questions) 23-

jktLFkku ,oa xqtjkr ds Nis oL=ksa ds rhu izeq[k çdkj dkSu dkSu ls gSa\ jktLFkku eas jaxkbZ gsrq lekU;r;k ç;qDr jaxksa ds LFkkuh; vkSj lkekU; çpfyr uke crk;saA

4-4

nRr dk;Z (Assignments)

4-4-1 d{kk dk;Z (Class Assignments) i) ii)

fdlh ,d NikbZ oL= dh jsfIydk ,d Mªkbax 'khV ij cukb;sA Nis cqus oL=ksa ij ç;ksx esa yk;s x;s fofHkUu fMt+kbuksa ds js[kkfp= cukb,A

4-4-2 x`g dk;Z i)

4-5

(Home Assignments)

Nis oL=ksa ds vius ?kj eas miyC/k uewus ysdj mUgsa lkQ lqFkjs i`"Bksa ij lQkbZ ds lkFk fpidkb, rFkk çR;sd dk uke fyf[k,A

lkjka’k (Summing Up)

oL= NikbZ dyk dk viuk ,d fof’k"V bfrgkl gSA lEiw.kZ Hkkjr esa fLFkr vusdksa dsUnzkas esa ls çR;sd dh NikbZ dh viuh fof’k"V 'kSy h gSA diM+s dk pquko uewuksa dk ç;ksx] jaxksa dh fofo/krk vkSj bu lcdk ç;ksx gj {ks= esa fHkUu fHkUu gksrk gSA okLro esa vusd {ks=ksa eas ijEijkxr BIiksa dk ç;ksx can djds muds LFkku ij flYd LØhu dk ç;ksx fd;k tkus yxk gS] tks vR;ar eghu o mPp dksfV dh NikbZ dk rhoz xfr ls mRiknu djrs gSaA

Hkkjr esa NikbZ ds egRoiw.kZ dsUnz jktLFkku rFkk xqtjkr izkUrksa esa fLFkr gSa tks yEcs le; ls dikl vkSj uhy dh [ksrh rFkk çkphu pVdhys jaxksa esa jaxus ds fy, çfl) jgs gSaA Hkkjr eas gkFk }kjk dh x;h NikbZ dh vusdksa fof/k;k¡ ç;ksx esa yk;h tkrh gSa( tSls Mk;jsDV BIik NikbZ] LØhu fizafVax] [kM+h ;k jksxu NikbZ rFkk LVSfUly fizafVaxA tgk¡ BIik NikbZ cwVksa dh fofHkUurk ds foLrkj dk çn’kZu djrh gS ogha jaxkbZ eas jaxksa dh fofHkUurk ifjyf{kr gksrh gSA jaxkbZ ds fy, yky] ihys ,oa gjs jaxksa dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gS ftUgsa LFkkuh; Hkk"kk esa Øe’k% dlwey] rks:Qwyh] ,oa ew¡fx;k dgk tkrk gSA Hkkjrh; oL= NikbZ ds vusdksa çdkjksa esa ls cx:] lk¡xkusjh] vtj[k] Q:Z[kkckn rFkk ckx vkfn dqN vR;ar çfl) çdkj gSaA

4-6

Lo;a tk¡p iz’uksa ds lEHkkfor lEHkkfor mRrj (Possible Answers to Selfcheck Questions) 1. 2. 3.

4-7

cqus oL=ksa dh NikbZ ds vR;ar egRoiw.kZ dsUnz gaS% jktLFkku ¼lk¡xkusj] t;iqj] vkSj cx:½( xqtjkr ¼vgenkckn] jktdksV] vatkj vkSj iksjcUnj½A jktLFkku ,oa xqtjkr ds Nis oL=ksa ds rhu çeq[k çdkj gS% ckx:] lk¡xkusjh rFkk vtj[kA yky] ihyk rFkk gjs jaxksa ds LFkkuh; uke Øe’k% dlwey] rks:Qwyh] ,oa ew¡fx;k gSA

vH;klkFkZ ç’u (Terminal Questions) Hkkjr esa oL=ksa ds NikbZ ds vR;ar egRoiw.kZ dsUnz dkSu dkSu ls gSa\ xqtjkr vkSj jktLFkku ds Nis oL=ksa ds rhu çeq[k çdkj dkSu dkSu ls gSa\ xqtjkr vkSj jktLFkku esa Nis oL=ksa ds rhu çeq[k çdkjksa dh i`"BHkwfe fdl jax dh gS\ jktLFkku dh fofHkUu NikbZ fof/k;ksa ds uke crkb,A jktLFkku eas çk;% jaxkbZ ds fy, ç;qDr jaxksa ds çpfyr uke ,oa muds LFkkuh; uke crkb,A 6. vtj[k cqus oL= D;k gS\ 7. ckx D;k gS\ vkSj ;g fdlfy, çfl) gS\ 8. Q+:Z[k+kckn dh NikbZ dh D;k fo’ks"krk gS\ 9. lk¡xusjh NikbZ ds fof’k"V y{k.kksa ds fo"k; esa vki D;k tkurs gSa\ 10. fjDr LFkkuksa dks Hkjks% i) &&&&&&&& t;iqj uxj ls 32 fdyksehVj iwjc esa fLFkr gSA ii) lk¡xusj t;iqj ls yxHkx &&&&&&&& ehy nf{k.k iwoZ esa fLFkr gSA iii) ckx &&&&&&& dk ,d vyx & Fkyx fLFkr xzke gSA iv) ckx &&&&&&&& ds fy, çfl) gSA v) Q:Z[ kkckn m|ksx vius &&&&& BIiksa dh fof’k"Vrk ds fy, çfl) FkkA 11. fuEufyf[kr dFku lR;@vlR; crkb;sA i) lk¡xusjh NikbZ dh i`"BHkwfe dkyh gksrh gSA lR;@vlR; ii) BIik NikbZ cwVksa dh foLr`r fofHkUurk dk çn’kZu djrh gSA lR;@vlR; iii) dlwey jax dk rkRi;Z ihys jax ls gSA lR;@vlR; iv) lk¡xkusj ds vkd"kZd fMt+kbu iq"i;qDr fMt+kbu gSA lR;@vlR; v) Q+:Z[kkckn ds ltkoVh vkys[; dkys jax ls cká js[kkafdr

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

gksrh gSA ck?k dh gkFk dh BIik NikbZ eas yky] uhyh ;k dkyh lwrh tehu fojks/kh jaxks ds vis{kkÑr gYds mrkj&p<+ko okys vkys[;ksa ls ;qDr gSA vii) cx: NikbZ eq[;r;k fL=;ksa }kjk ç;ksx esa yk;h tkrh FkhA viii) cx: e/;çns’k esa fLFkr ,d NksVk xzkeh.k dLck gSA

lR;@vlR;

vi)

lR;@vlR; lR;@vlR; lR;@vlR;

fuEukafdr dks muds leku xq.k okyksa ls feykvks% uhyfxj (a) lkekU; jaxlkt tks lHkh jaxksa ls jaxkbZ djrk gSA ii) jaxjst (b) eqnzd iii) Nhik (c) og jaxlkt tks uhy esa jaxkbZ djrk gSA

12.

13. 14. 15.

4-9

vtj[k ij fVIi.kh fy[ksaA cx: ds fo"k; esa la{ksi eas crkb;sA jktLFkku dh BIik NikbZ dk o.kZu djsaA

lanHkZ ,oa v/;;u ;ksX; iqLrdsa (Suggested Further Reading and References)

Barnes, R., and Oth. 2002. Trade, Temple and Court Indian Textiles, Indian Book House Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai.

Bhatnagar, P. 2005. Decorative Design History in Indian Textiles and Costumes. Abhishek Publications, Chandigarh.

Bhatnagar, P. 2003. Traditional Indian Costumes and textiles. Abhishek Publications, Chandigarh

Colchester, C. 1991. The New Textile Trends & Traditions. Thames and Hudson Ltd., London.

Dhanija, J. and Jain, J. 1989. Publishing Limited, Ahmedabad.

Gillow, J. and Barnard, N. 1994. Traditional Indian Textiles. Thames and Hudson Limited, London.

Mohanty, B.C. and Mohanty, J.P. 1983. Block Printing and Dyeing of Bagru, Rajasthan. Calico Museum of Textile, Ahmedabad.

Murphy, V. and Crill, R. 1991 Tie-dyed Textiles of India-Tradition and Trade. Mapin Publishing Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad.

Singh, M. 2000. Handcrafted Indian Textiles: Tradition and Beyond. Roli Books, New Delhi.

4-10 'kCnkoyh (Glossary)

Handwoven Fabrics of India.

Mapin

i) vuqdwfyr ii) iqjkdky iii) vk/kkj oL= iv) f’kjLd v) laLrj.k vi) eksfVQ+ vii) mHkjh uDdk’kh viii) jssfIydk

lek;ksftr] fdlh mÌs’; ds fy, mi;qDRk cuk;k gqvk çkphudky vk/kkj ds :i esa dk;Z djus okys oL= flj dh iks’kkd] Vksi ,o O;oLFkk ftlesa lkisf{kd fLFkfr ds vuqlkj oxksaZ dks ,d ds Åij ,d Lrj esa j[kk tkrk gS ,d ltkoVh fMt+kbu ;k vkys[; <kyus] rjk’kus ;k vkÑfr cukus dh ,d fof/k ftles fMt+kbu ry ls Åij mHkjk gksrk gS ,d gw&c&gw udy