ikB 9 fiN fiNobZ (PICHHAVAI) lajpuk 9-0
mÌs’;
9-1 9-2
izLrkouk ,sfrgkfld i`"BHkwfe
9-3
fiNobZ fiNobZ isafVaXl ds izdkj
9-4
rduhd
9-5
vU; 'kSfy;ksa dk izHkko kko
9-6
nRr dk;Z
9-7 9-8
lkjka’k Lo;a tk¡p iz’uksa ds lEHkkfor mRrj
9-9
vH;klkFkZ iz’u
9-4-1 9-4-2 9-4-3
fiNobZ fiNobZ cukus ds pj.k jax cz’k
9-6-1 d{kk dk;Z 9-6-2 x`g dk;Z
9-10 lanHkZ ,oa v/;;u ;ksX; iqLrdsa 9-11 'kCnkoyh
9- fiNobZ fiNobZ (PICHHAVAI) fiNys v/;k; esa geus dyedkjh ds fo"k; eas tkudkjh izkIr dhA bl v/;k; esa diM+s ij dh xbZ vn~Hkqr fiXeasV isafVax ds fo"k; esa i<+saxs ftls fiNobZ ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA ftldk lEcU/k jktLFkku ls gS vkSj tks eafnj esa nsoh nsorkvksa ds ihNs dh nhokjksa ij Mkyus ds dke vkrs gSaA
9-0
mÌs’; (Objectives)
bl v/;k; dks i<+us ds ckn vki % • fiNobZ isafVax ds mn~Hko ds fo"k; esa tkusaxsA • fofHkUu izdkj dh fiNobZ isafVax ds ckjs esa tkusaxsA • dykdkj dh jpukRedrk vkSj muds }kjk iz;ksx dh xbZ rduhd dks le> ik;saxsA
9-1
izLrkouk (Introduction)
Hkkjr esa cuus okyh fiXesaV isafVax esa lcls lqUnj oYyHkkpk;Z lEiznk; dh efUnjksa dh isafVaXl Fkha] tks Hkxoku Ñ".k dh yhykvksa ls lEcfU/kr FkhaA ;g lEizn k; 15oha 'krkCnh esa vk;k ¼fp= 9-1½A pednkj jaxksa ds }kjk cus ;g fp= efUnj ds var%d{k dh nhokjksa ij Vkaxus ds dke vkrs gSa] tgk¡ ij Hkxoku fuokl djrs gSaA ;g fp= fo’ks"k okrkoj.k] ekSle] R;kSgkj vkfn ds vk/kkj ij cuk;s tkrs gSaA
fp= 99- 1 taxhnkl fiNobZ isafVax
fp= 99- 2 oYyHkkpk;Z lEiznk; dh efUnj diM+s
fp= 99- 3 vkfnxksjk fiNobZ isafVax
fo’ks"k lekjksg vkfn esa Hkxoku ds ihNs yVdkus okyh eq[; isafVax dks fiNobZ dgrs gSaA fiNobZ ,d fgUnh 'kCn gS] ftldk vFkZ gS ^ihNs Mkyus okyk diM+k*A
ukFk}kjk tks viuh laLÑfr rFkk ikjEifjd fp=ksa ds fy, izfl) gS o fiNobZ iasfVax dk eq[; dsUnz gSA ukFk}kjk esa vusd dykdkj jgrs gSa vkSj tks blls viuk thou ;kiu djrs gSaA fiNobZ dykdkj nks tkfr;ksa ls lEcU/k j[krs gSa ,d taxhnkl ¼fp= 9-2½ vkSj nwljs vkfnxksjk ¼fp= 9-3½ eq[;r% fp=ksa dh xyh rFkk fp=dkjksa dk eksgYyk uked LFkku ij jgrs gSaA ;gk¡ ij jgus okyk gj O;fDr bl dyk dks tkurk gS vkSj bu lEiznk;ksa ds ikl jgrs gSaA cM+h cM+h bu isafVaXl esa eq[;r% Hkxoku Ñ".k dh cky yhykvksa ls lEcfU/kr izlaxksa vkSj lEiznk; ds bfrgkl ls lEcfU/kr n`’;ksa dks n’kkZ;k x;k gSA fiNobZ rc rd iw.kZ ugha gksrh tc rd fd mlesa d<+kbZ ¼fp= 9-4½] czksdsM ¼fp= 9-5½] CykWd fiazfVax ;k dyedkjh dk iz;ksx u fd;k tk;s ¼fp= 9-6½A
fp= 99- 4
fp= 99- 5
fp= 99- 6
ftl izdkj ds lqUnj o lts gq, fp= JhÑ".k ds pkjksa rjQ yxk;s gSa og Ñ".k ds izfr muds izse dks n’kkZrs gSa vkSj ;g isafVaXl Ñ".k dh Nfo dks ds ân; esa vkSj vf/kd izHkkoiw.kZ cukrh gSaA Hkwfe iwtk o vuq"Bku vkfn esa bldks cgqr vf/kd egRo fn;k x;k gSA
9-2
,sfrgkfld i`"BHkwfe (Historical Background)
tkrs HkDrksa
Fig. 9.7
Hkxoku Ñ".k ds HkDr oYyHkkpk;Z] oYyHkkpk;Z lEiznk; ds laLFkkid FksA jktLFkku ds ukFk}kjk esa tkdj og LFkkfir gks x, tks fd oYyHkkpk;Z lEiznk; dk eq[; dsUnz gS rFkk ;gk¡ ij Hkxoku Ñ".k dks Jh ukFk th ds uke ls iwtk tkrk gSA oYyHkkpk;Z vk/kqfud fopkj/kkjk ds Fks] blfy, mUgksaus Jh ukFk th d¨ eqxy LVkby esa izLrqr fd;kA ;g dguk dfBu gksxk fd efUnjkas esa fiNobZ dk igyk iz;ksx dc gqvkA fiNobZ ds nks izkphu mnkgj.k foðyukFk ds le; esa feys gSaA fiNobZ] fiNokjh vkSj flagkluk 'kCn] o"kkZ _rq Qwy e.Myh ;k Qwyksa dks ,df=r djus ds R;kSgkj dh ltkoV dks of.kZr djus ds fy, iz;ksx fd;s tkrs gSaA blls ;g irk pyrk gS fd efUnjksa ;k eBksa dks VsEiy gSafxax }kjk ltkus dh ijEijk foëyukFk ds le; ls pyh vk jgh gS oYyHkkpk;Z ds le; ls igys Hkh fiNobZ dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk Fkk ;k ugha] ;g dguk lEHko ugha gSA fiNobZ] fp=ksa dk :i o vkdkj efUnj ;k rhFkZ LFkkuksa ds vkdkjksa dks /;ku esa j[kdj cuk;k tkrk FkkA
Lo;a tk¡p iz’u (Self-check Questions) 1. fiNobZ ds uke fy[ksaA 2. [kkyh LFkku Hkjsa%
UkkFk}kjk tks viuh laLÑfr ,oa ikjEifjd -------------------- ds fy, izfl) gSa ;s------------------------- isafVaXl dk eq[; dsUnz gS ---------------------- esa vusd fp=dkj jgrs gSa tks blls viuk thou ;kiu djrs gSaA fiNobZ dykdkj nks tkfr;ksa ls lEcU/k j[krs gSa ,d ---------------- vkSj nwljs ------------- eq[;r% ----------- dh xyh vkSj ------------- eqgYyk esa jgrs gSaA
9-3
fiNobZ fiNobZ isafVaXl ds izdkj (Types of Pichhavai Printings)
efUnj dh nhokjksa vkSj Nrksa ij lHkh izdkj ds lkeku lts gq, diM+ksa ls <ds gq, gksrs gSaA eq[; fp= tks ewfrZ ds ihNs Vkaxk ;k yVdk;k tkrk gS] mlds lkFk vkSj Hkh fp= cuk, tkrs gSa vkSj gj ,d dk uke vyx gksrk gS] ;g fp= ;k diM+s ftl lkeku dks <dus ds fy, iz;qDr gksrs gSa mUgha ds vuqlkj mudk uke gksrk gS tSls flagklu] lh<+h] pkSdh] iV o nks [k.M iVkl vkSj fiNobZA blds lkFk gh R;ksgkjksa esa budh Nr ¼pankok½ vkl ikl dh nhokjksa ¼nhokyfxfj½ ij Hkh diM+s yxk;s tkrs gSaA ,d izdkj ls fiNobZ bl lsV dk eq[; Hkkx gksrk gSA iwjs lsV esa ,d fuf’pr R;kSgkj ;k ekSle dh vko’;drkuqlkj jax] fMt+kbu vkSj QS’ku dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA bu oL=ksa ¼ gSafxax½ esa vkÑfr;k¡ ;k vewrZ uewus Nis] fpf=r ;k fofHkUu izdkj ds egaxs czksdsM o lSfVu rFkk osyosV ds diM+s ij uewus cuk, tkrs gSaA izR;sd R;ksgkj dh ijEijk ds vuqlkj gh fiNobZ dk iz;ksx gksr k gSA lk/kkj.kr;k buesa ml ?kVuk dk fpf=r fd;k tkrk gS ftl ij R;kSgkj vk/kkfjr gSA eq[; :i ls 24 R;kSgkj gSa tks fd izR;sd efUnj ds fy, eq[; gSaA ;g fMt+kbu fiNobZ isafVax ds ckWMZj esa cuk;s tkrs gSaA blesa eq[;:i ls Hkxon~xhrk ds izfl) dgkfu;ksa] HkfDr iw.kZ dforkvksa ds NUnksa vkSj ,sfrgkfld ?kVukvksa vkfn ls lEcfU/kr fp= cuk;s tkrs gSaA eq[; :i ls fiNobZ fo’ks"k R;kSgkjksa ls gh lacfU/kr gksrh gS ysfdu cgqr ls ¼gSafxax½ yVdk;s fp=ksa dh fo"k; oLrq ekSle ls lEcfU/kr gksrh gS u fd fo’ks"k volj ijA ;g ekSle ds vuqlkj cukbZ tkrh gS tks vf/kd lnhZ o rh{.k xehZ ls vkjke fnykrh gS ;s mfpr ekSle esa fdlh Hkh le; yVdk;s tk ldrs gSaA lfnZ;ksa ds eghuksa esa fp= isaVsM ugha gksrs gSa ijUrq Hkkjh diM+s ij d<+kbZ dh tkrh gS ;k uewus czksdsM ij cuk, tkrs gSaA vR;f/kd xeZ ds fnuksa eas irys diM+s dh fpf=r fiNobZ ds lkFk Nk;k nsus okys isM+ksa vkSj BaMh gok ds >ksadksa okys fp=ksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA blesa Jh ukFk th ?kus isM+ksa] ifRr;ksa vkfn ds lkFk f?kjs gq, cuk, tkrs gSa ftlesa dey ds Qwy rFkk rkykc vf/kd gksrs gSaA ekulwu ds ekSle dh fiNobZ esa eksjksa dks cknyksa ls f?kjs vkleku ds uhps ukprs gq, izLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA lfnZ;ksa ds ekSle esa vf/kd d<+kbZ fd;s] Hkkjh czksdsM vkSj osyosV ds oL= yxk;s tkrs gSaA fp=.k ds dk;ksZa esa vf/kd lekurk gksrh gSA lkekU;r% Hkxoku Ñ".k dks dnEc ds gjs&Hkjs isM+ ds uhps rhu pkj xksfi;ksa fp= 9-8 a nkuk ,dkn’kh
ds lkFk [kM+k fn[kk;k tkrk gS blds vfrfjDr xksfi;ksa ds gj >q.M ds ihNs vke ds isM+ fn[kk;k x;k gSA lcls vf/kd Jh Ñ".k dks xksfi;ksa ds lkFk dnEc isM+ ds rus ds Åij p<+rh gqbZ yrkvksa ds :i ls n’kkZ;k x;k gSA xksfi;ksa dh eqnzkvksa ds vk/kkj ij mu fp=ksa ds fMt+kbu lsV fd, x, gSaA 'kjn iwf.kZek ij u`R; djrs gq, ;k nku yhyk ds fy, nw/k ds crZu ys tkrs gq, xksfi;ksa dk fp=.k fd;k x;k gSA fiNobZ esa o"kkZ gksrs gq, o gSafxax esa vxj ikuh dh cwanksa ds lkFk vkleku esa cknyksa dks fn[kk;k x;k gS rks og o"kkZ fiNobZ gSA gj n`’; esa gSafxax esa lcls uhps xk;ksa dh ykbu gksrh gSA eksjdqVh fiNobZ esa eksj ukprs gq, gksrs gSaA ;g cjlkr ds ekSle ls lEcfU/kr gS D;ksafd igyh cknyksa dh vkokt lqudj eksj vius lqUnj ia[kksa dks QSyk nsrs gSaA ekSle o R;ksgkjksa ij vk/kkfjr fofHkUu izdkj dh fiNobZ gaS ¼fp= 9-8½ • • • • • • • • • • •
jkeuoeh fiNobZA uUnegksRlo fiNobZA nkuk ,dkn’kh fiNobZ ¼fp= 9-8 a½A czt ;k=k fiNobAZ 'kjn iwf.kZek fiNobZ ¼fp= 9-8 b½A vUudwV fiNobZA xkso/kZu /kkj.k fiNobZA xksik"Beh fiNobZ ¼fp= 9-8 c½A eksjdqVh ¼ekulwu½ fiNobZ ¼fp= 9-8 d½A o"kkZ fiNobZ ¼fp= 9-8 e½A lnhZ fiNobZA
fp= 9-8 b 'kjn iwf.kZek
Lo;a tk¡p iz’u fp= 9-8 d eksjdqVh
fp= 9-8 e o"kkZ
fp= 9-8 c xksik"Veh
(Se lfch
eck Questions) 1. ik¡p izdkj dh fiNobZ 2. [kkyh LFkku Hkfj,%
ds uke fyf[k;sA
iwjs lsV esa ,d fuf’pr --------------- ;k-------------------- dh vko’;drkuqlkj ------------- o --------------- vkSj QS’ku dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
9-4
rduhd (Techniques)
efUnj esa yVdk;s tkus okys diM+s fofHkUu rduhdksa ls cuk;s tkrs gSaA fiNobZ dk lcls vf/kd izfl) mnkgj.k diM+s ij dh xbZ isafVax gSA ysfdu ;g dk;Z ,fIyd] isafVax o jsfIydk] fiazfVax] d<+kbZ o czksdsM ds }kjk Hkh fd;k tkrk gS ¼fp= 9-9½A igys fiNobZ gkFk ls cqus eksVs diM+s ij dh tkrh Fkh ysfdu vc e’khu }kjk rS;kj eghu diM+s ij dh tkrh gSA lkekU;r% fiNobZ lQsn jax ds diM+s ij dh tkrh gS ysfdu dÒh dÒh dkyk] uhyk o yky jax dk diM+k Hkh iz;ksx dj fy;k tkrk gSA lksuk o pk¡¡nh jax jaxhu diM+ksa ij vf/kd izHkkoh gksrs gSa ¼fp= 9-10½A
fp= 99- 9
fp= 99- 10
9-4-1 fiNobZ fiNobZ cukus ds pj.k (Steps involved in making in Pichhavais) fiNobZ cukus dh fof/k esa fuEu pj.k 'kkfey gSa% i)
ii)
iii) iv)
v)
vi)
dyQ+ yxkuk%% lcls igys diM+s dks eSns ds ?kksy ls dyQ+ fn;k tkrk gSA ftlls diM+s ij jax ,d nwljs ds lkFk fefJr ugha gksrs gSa vkSj /kksus ij fudyrs Hkh ugha gaSA lw[kus ds ckn diM+k CykWd fiazV ds fy, rS;kj gks tkrk gSA [kkdk tekuk% diM+s ij cM++h gh lko/kkuhiwoZd nwjh fu/kkZfjr dh tkrh gS blesa loZizFke ckMZj ;k fdukjs ij csy cukus ds fy, jaxhu /kkxs ls fu’kku yxk;k tkrk gSA /kkxs esa pkjdksy ;k lQsn ftad dk ikmMj fu’kku yxkus ds fy, iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA blh izdkj chp ds LFkku tgk¡ ij eq[; fp=.k djuk gS] /kkxs dk iz;ksx fu’kku yxkus ds fy, djrs gSaA nwjh ij fu’kku yxkuk% vkÑfr;ksa ds vk/kkj ij diM+s ij fp=.k djus ds fy, loZizFke e/; esa fu’kku yxk;k tkrk gSA fp=.k djuk% diM+s ds jax ds vk/kkj ij Ldsfpax inkFkZ dk fu/kkZj.k fd;k tkrk gSA fp= cukus ds fy, jaxhu diM+s ij lQsn ftad yxs /kkxs dk rFkk lQsn jax ds diM+s ij pkjdksy isafly dk iz;ksx djrs gSaA bl izdkj fp=.k dks friku dgrs gSaA friku dks diM+s ds jax ds vuqlkj fQj ls lQsn ;k flUnwjh jax ls Vsªl djus ls igys lHkh =qfV;ksa dks nwj dj fy;k tkrk gSA bl Vsªflax dks diM+s dh lgk;rk ls gYds ls >kM+ fy;k tkrk gS vkSj fp=.k djus ls igys fQj ls dyQ+ yxk;k tkrk gSA isafVax% blds ckn fpf=r dh xbZ vkÑfr o uewuksa esa jax Hkjus dk dk;Z 'kq: djrs gSa tc jax Hkjus dk dk;Z lekIr gks tkrk gS rks ml ij ikWfy’k dh tkrh gS blds fy, diM+s dks lery iRFkj ij j[kdj ,d vU; iRFkj ¼?kksaVk iRFkj½ }kjk mYVh rjQ ls jxM+rs gSaA ukFk}kjk ds dykdkj bl dk;Z dks fy[kkbZ dgrs gSaA ltkoV djuk% blesa eksrh] :ch o lqugjs jax ls ltkoV dh tkrh gSA vUr esa vkÑfr ij ikjn’khZ diM+s cuk;s tkrs gSa] ftlls uhps ds diMs+ fn[ksaA vUr esa ckWMZj ij csynkj uewus cuk;s tkrs gSaA
fp= 99-- 11 fiNobZ ds pedhys jax
9-4-2 jax (colors) fiNobZ vius pednkj jaxksa tSls uhyk] gjk o pVdhys jax tSls yky o ukjaxh jax ds fy, tkuh tkrh gS ¼fp= 9-11½ blesa lHkh jaxksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA eq[; :i ls izkÑfrd jaxksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS ysfdu vktdy dSfedy jaxksa dk iz;ksx Hkh gksus yxk gSA dykdkj izkÑfrd jax lw[ks vFkkZr iRFkj ds :i esa j[krs gSaA tc jax dk iz;ksx djuk gksrk gS rks iRFkj ds VqdM+s dk ikmMj cukdj ikuh esa ?kksyrs gSa rFkk xk<+k djus ds fy, mlesa xe jsft+u feyk;k tkrk gSA dykdkj fuEu izdkj ds jaxksa dk iz;ksx djrs gSa% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
flUnwj & ukjaxh 12 dsljh & lsÝksu 13 fgUxyq & flanwjh jax ¼okeZfy;u½ tks fd 14 ikjs ds lYQkbM ls curk gSA jo lsuk & ;syks vksdj 15 dVh & ybV LysV 16 taxy & dkWij ,flVsV 17 lwok ia[kh & rksrbZ gjk 18 lsyw & ,ejsYM xzhu 19
9 ihyks & ihyk 20 10 xoxksyh ;k I;ksj h & xk; ds ew= ls cuk 21 ihyk 11 taxyh ?ksjks & gjk Hkwjk
lQsnk & lQsn uhy & bf.Mxks yhyks & ckSVy xzhu xqykch & fiad yky & xgjk yky [kkluh & Iye ¼vkyw cq[kkjk½ xs: & yky vksdj gMepk ¼fgjfefp uke ls tkuk tkrk gS½& jsfM’k czkmu lkbZ ¼L;kgh uke ls tkuk tkrk gS½ &dkyk vklekuh ¼yktonhZ ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gS½ & ysfil ytqyh
9-4-3 cz’k (Brush) UkkFk}kjk ds dykdkj nks izdkj ds cz’kksa dk iz;ksx djrs gSaA pkSM+k tkjk tks fd cdjh ds ckyksa ls curk gS ftl dk iz;ksx cM+s {ks= esa jax Hkjus ds fy, o iryk >huk ¼tks fd fxygjh ds ckyksa ls cuk;k tkrk gS½ dk iz;ksx eghu dk;Z djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
Lo;a tk¡p iz’u (Self-check Questions) 5.
fiNobZ vius pednkj jaxksa tSls ---------------- vkSj -------------- o pedhys jax ------------- vkSj -------------- jax ls tkuh tkrh gSA
9-5 vU; 'kSfy;ksa dk izHkko kko (Influences of other Styles) fiNobZ ds fdlh fo’ks"k fiXesaV isaVsM fiNobZ dks NksM+dj vU; izdkj ds VsEiy gSafxax tSls d<+s gq,] ,Iyhd dks dsUnz ij ugha fl[kk;k tkrk gSA bUgsa mu dkjhxjksa ds
vkfn }kjk
fp= 99- 12 ,Iyhd fiNobZ
cuk;k tkrk gS tks fd flyus] cquus o d<+kbZ djus esa dq’ky gksrs gSaA efUnjksa ds }kjk fu;qDr fd;s x;s nft+Z;ksa ds }kjk ,Iyhd fiNobZ cukbZ tkrh gSA R;ksgkjksa ij bl izdkj dk dk;Z nthZ o dkjhxj feydj djrs gSaA dkjhxj igys vkÑfr o uewuksa dk fp=.k djrs gSa o ckn esa flyus ds ckn ml esa jax Hkjrs gSa ¼fp= 9-12½A t+jnksth+ fiNobZ tks oYyHk lEiznk; ds ?kjkas esa eq[; ij yxkbZ tkrh gSA og Hkh nft+Z;ksa ds }kjk gh cukbZ tkrh gSA lqugjs vkSj pk¡nh ds /kkxksa dks irys js’keh /kkxs ds lkFk feykdj lSfVu vkSj osyosV ds diM+s ij d<+kbZ dh tkrh gS fd lqUnj d<+kbZ dk mnkgj.k izLrqr djrh gS ¼fp= 9-13½A
LFkku blesa
czksdsM yVdu lnhZ ds ekSle ds fy, vf/kd mi;qDr izdkj dh yVdu fo’ks"k ekax ds vuqlkj O;olkf;d cqudjksa cukbZ tkrh gSA
gS bl }kjk
tks
fp= 99-13 t+jnksth fiNobZ
ukFk}kjk Ldwy jktLFkku ds dykdkjksa ds fy, og ?kM+k gS ftlesa fofHkUu izdkj dh 'kSfy;ksa dk leUo; gS tSls dh fiNobZ cwanh] dksVk] t;iqj] mn;iqj vkfnA
9-6
nRr dk;Z (Assignments)
9-6-1 d{kk dk;Z (Class Assignments) i) ii)
MªkWbax isij ij fiNobZ dh ,d jsfIydk cukb;sA fiNobZ esa iz;ksx gksus okys fofHkUu uewuksa dks crkb,A
9-6-2 x`g dk;Z (Home Assignments) fiNobZ dk;Z dh QksVks ,df=r djsa tks fd vki eSxt+hu nqdkuksa vkSj bUVjusV ls izkIr dj ldrs gSa o mudks fpidkb, rFkk izR;sd QksVks o fiDpj dk uke fy[ksaA
i)
9-7
lkjka’k (Summing Up)
fiNobZ diM+ksa ij dh xbZ fp=dkjh gS tks fd efUnjkas esa nsoh nsorkvksa ds ihNs yVdkus esa iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA jktLFkku esa ukFk}kjk fiNobZ dk eq[; dsUnz gSA fiNobZ fp=dkjh dk izkjfEHkd izkek.k ukFk}kjk esa cYyHkpk;Z ds Hkxoku Ñ".k ds efUnjksa esa feyrs gSaA fofHkUu izdkj dh fiNobZ ijEijk ds vuqlkj R;kSgkjksa ij iz;ksx dh tkrh gSA izR;sd yVdu ¼gSafxax½ esa uhps xk; ds lewg dks n’kkZ;k tkrk gS tks fd Hkxoku Ñ".k dk izrhd ekuk tkrk gSA lk/kkj.k fiNobZ dk mnkgj.k diM+s ij fp=.k gSA fp=.k dk ,fIyd] d<+kbZ o czksdsM ds lkFk feyk tqyk :i gSA eq[; :i ls lQsn diM+s dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA fiNobZ vius pednkj jaxksa tSls uhyk] yky o pedhys jaax tSls yky o ukjaxh jaxksa ds fy, Hkh ;kn dh tkrh gSA ukFk}kjk ds
dykdkj nks izdkj ds cz’k dk iz;ksx djrs gSa] pkSM+k tkjk cMs+ Hkkx dks jaxus ds fy, o iryk >huk eghu dk;Z djus ds fy,A
9-8
Lo;a tk¡p iz’uksa ds lEHkkfor mRrj (Possible Answers to Selfcheck Questions)
1. 2.
fiNobZ ,d isaVsM diM+k gksrk gS tks fd efUnjksa o Hkxoku dh ewfrZ [kkyh LFkku Hkjsa% UkkFk}kjk tks viuh laLÑfr rFkk ikjEifjd fp=ksa ds fy, izfl) dsUnz gSA ukFk}kjk esa vusd fp=dkj jgrs gSa tks blls viuk dykdkj nks tkfr;ksa ls lEcU/k j[krs gSa ,d taxhnkl vkSj nwljs vkSj fp=dkjksa dk eksgYyk esa jgrs gSaA
ds ihNs Mkyus ds dke vkrk gSA gSA ;s fiNobZ isafVaXl dk eq[; thou ;kiu djrs gSaA fiNobZ vkfnxksjk eq[;r% fp=ksa dh xyh
3.
ik¡p izdkj dh fiNobZ & czt ;k=k fiNobZ] xksi k"Beh fiNobZ] eksjdqVh fiNobZ] xkso/kZu /kkj.k fiNobZ] 'kjn iwf.kZek fiNobZA
4.
[kkyh LFkku Hkjsa% iwjs lsV esa ,d fuf’pr R;kSgkj ;k mRlo dh vko’;drk ds vuqlkj jax o fMt+kbu vkSj QS’ku dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
5.
[kkyh LFkku Hkjsa% fiNobZ pednkj jaxksa tSls uhyk vkSj gjk o pVdhys jax tSls yky vkSj ukjaxh jax ls tkuh tkrh gSA
9-9
vH;klkFkZ iz’u (Terminal Questions)
friku D;k gS\ fy[kkbZ dks ifjHkkf"kr djsaA fiNobZ dykdkj fu’kku fdl izdkj yxkrs gSa\ ckWfuZf’kax ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\ fiNobZ cukus ds fofHkUu pj.k fy[ksaA fiNobZ isafVax esa fdl izdkj ds jax iz;ksx fd;s tkrs gSa\ fiNobZ ds lsV esa dkSu dkSu lh oLrq,a gksr h gSa\ uke fyf[k,A fiXesaV fiNobZ fp=dkjh ds vfrfjDr vU; fdl izdkj dh yVdus cukbZ tkrh gS\ [kkyh LFkku Hkjsa% i) ykbV okW’k rduhd dk iz; ksx ----------------- ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA ii) fp=ksa dks -------------- djus ds fy, iRFkj ls jxM+k tkrk gSA iii) eghu dk;Z ds fy, iryk >huk ------------------ ls cuk gksrk gSA iv) fiNobZ oYyHkkpk;Z lEiznk; dh ------------------ gSA v) fiNobZ dk vFkZ ----------------------- gSA vi) ----------------- fiNobZ dk eq[; dsUnz gSA vii) fiNobZ dk iwjs lewg dks -------------- dgk tkr gSA viii) fiNobZ dykdkj nks lEiznk; --------------- vkSj --------------- ls lEcU/k j[krs gSaA
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
ix) iqjkus le; ds fiNobZ --------------- diM+s ij cukbZ tkrh gSA 10. izR;sd ds lkeus lgh o xyr fyf[k,% i) fipobZ fp=dkjh esa lksus o pk¡nh ds /kkxksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk ii) xgjs jax ds diM+s ij fp=.k ds fy, ftad dk iz;ksx djrs gSaA iii) Jh ukFk th dk efUnj ukFk}kjk esa gSA iv) oYyHkkpk;Z foÎyukFk ds csVs FksA v) fipobZ fizUVsM oL= gSA
gSA
lgh@xyr lgh@xyr lgh@xyr lgh@xyr lgh@xyr
9-10 lanHkZ ,oa v/;;u ;ksX; iqLrdsa (Suggested Further Reading and References) 1.
Anonymous. 1984. Masterpieces of Indian Textiles: Hand Spun, Hand Woven, Traditional. D. B. Taraporevala Sons & Co. Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai.
2.
Barnes, R., and Oth. 2002. Trade, Temple and Court Indian Textiles, Indian Book House Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai.
3.
Bhatnagar, P. 2005. Decorative Design History in Indian Textiles and Costumes. Abhishek Publications, Chandigarh.
4.
Bhatnagar, P. 2003. Traditional Indian Costumes and textiles. Abhishek Publications, Chandigarh
5.
Mathur, Asha Rani. 2002. Woven Wonder: The Tradition of Indian Textiles. New Delhi. Rupa & Co.
6.
Ramani, S. 2002. Sari: The Kalakshetra Tradition. Kalakshetra Foundation, Chennai.
7.
Treasures of Indian Textiles, Calico Museum, Ahmedabad.
9-1 1. 2. 3. 4.
'kCnkoyh
(Glossary)
jsfIydk ,d gw cgw dkWih ;k Áfr ,Iyhd diMs+ nwljs diMs+ ls iSp yxkuk ;k fMt+k;u cukuk isaVsM fpf=r fd;k gqvk