LESSON 11 CREATING TEXTURES ON TEXTILES - I STRUCTURE 11.0 OBJECTIVES 11.1 INTRODUCTION 11.2 METHODS OF CREATING TEXTURES 11.2.1 YARNS 11.2.2 W EAVE STRUCTURES 11.2.3 FINISHES 11.2.4 CAVE ART DESIGN
11.3 ASSIGNMENTS 11.3.1 CLASS ASSIGNMENTS 11.3.2 HOME ASSIGNMENTS
11.4 SUMMING UP 11.5 POSSIBLE ANSWERS TO SELF-CHECK QUESTIONS 10.6 TERMINAL QUESTIONS 10.7 REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED FURTHER READING 10.8 GLOSSARY
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11. CREATING TEXTURES ON TEXTILES - I In lesson 10 you learned about the various types of textures and how to identify them. In this and the next lesson we shall discuss the different types of media and methods through which textures can be created in textiles.
11.0 Objectives After going through this lesson, you will know: •
How textures are created on the Textile using different techniques
11.1 Introduction Once we learn to sharpen our senses of identification, we will learn how this knowledge can be applied to create new designs. Creating texture on fabric becomes a design element or a design style. This lesson includes the methods of creating textures on textiles with the help of yarns, weave structures, finishes, fabric manipulation, resist method and cave art design etc.
11.2 Methods of Creating Textures 11.2.1 Yarns Textured yarn/thread can be used to weave textured fabric. For example, a fabric woven with smooth and fine silk yarn would create a shiny and smooth silk fabric. To develop a rough, sturdy looking textile we could use jute yarn (Fig. 11.1) or coir. In order to create an uneven surface on any fabric we could use slub yarn (Fig. 11.2) or fancy yarn.
Fig. 11.1 Jute yarn woven fabric
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Fig. 11.2 Slub yarn woven fabric
11.2.2 Weave structures Textures can be created by developing different weave structures. For example, where we weave a fabric using a basket weave (Fig. 11.3), it will have a different texture as compared to pile weave (Fig. 11.4)
Fig. 11.4 Pile weave
Fig. 11.3 Basket weave
A fabric woven in satin weaves (Fig. 11.5) will have different physical properties as compared to a terry towel (Fig. 11.6) which has pile formation on its surface. A terry towel absorbs more moisture than a flat woven fabric. Fabrics woven with twill weave (Fig. 11.7) and basket weave (Fig. 11. 8) also shows different physical properties.
Fig. 11.5 Satin weave
Fig. 11.6 Terry Towel weave
Fig. 11.7 Twill weave
Fig. 11.8 Basket weave
11.2.3 Finishes Finishes are given to fabric after they are manufactured. Some examples are crinkled and crushed surfaces created by high temperature, seersucker fabric. This is another method to create textured fabric. For example, a mercerized fabric (Fig. 11.9) has a smooth feel and a permanent crinkled (Fig. 11.10) or pleated fabric (Fig. 11.11) has a different texture. Preached and burnout effect (devore) are also common.
Fig. 11.9 Smooth feel mercerized fabric
Fig. 11.10 Permanent crinkled fabric
Fig. 11.11 Pleated fabric
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11.2.4 Cave art design A cave art design can be created as follows. Take a half imperial sheet and make a composition with lines and simple geometrical shapes with a white crayon. Use candle drops to add to the design. On the margin of the sheet, put a layer of fevicol with the help of a flat brush. Let it dry for a couple of minutes. And then wash the sheet in black poster colour. The result is as shown in (Fig.11.12).
Fig. 11.12 Cave Art
Activity 1. Make bold shapes such as triangles, squares and circles, fruits such as apple and mango, objects such as tree, umbrella, ship etc. in coloured wax crayons. Wash the sheet in black.
Self-check Questions 1. List the methods for creating textures. 2. How can you make cave art design on paper? 3. How can you add texture to a fabric by weaving? 4. What do you mean by finishes?
11.3 Assignments 11.3.1 Class assignments i) Make 5 textures using white paper and any other material only in white colour. Then translate or convert these 5 paper textures on to fabric using white fabric, white thread and any other white material, e.g. beads, buttons etc. Complete 5-paper textures and 5-fabric textures before your next class. 11.3.2 Home assignments i) Make outlines of two identical flower pots on a half imperial sheet. Use wax crayons to colour the first flower pot in the polychromatic colour scheme and the second composition in white crayon only. Wash the first flowerpot in black and the second in polychromatic colour scheme.
11.4 Summing Up Textures on fabric can be created in many ways. Some of them are: i) Use of different kinds of yarn/ threads 4
ii) Different types of weave structure, e.g. basket weave, pile weave. iii) Different finishes e.g. permanent pleats or crinkled at high temperature, burnout, seersucker, preaching etc. iv) By printing a texture on a fabric.
11.5 Possible Answers to Self-check Questions 1. Methods of creating textures are: Yarns, Weaves structure, Finishes, Cave art design. 2. Take a half imperial sheet and make a composition with lines and simple geometrical shapes with a white crayon. Use candle drops to add to the design. On the margin of the sheet, put a layer of fevicol with the help of a flat brush. Let it dry for a couple of minutes. And then wash the sheet in black poster colour. 3. A fabric woven in satin weaves will have different physical properties as compared to a terry towel, which has pile formation on its surface. A terry towel absorbs more moisture than a flat woven fabric. Fabrics woven with twill weave and basket weave also shows different physical properties. 4. Finishes are given to fabric after they are manufactured. Some examples are crinkled and crushed surfaces created by high temperature, seersucker fabric.
11.6 Terminal Questions 1. Name three methods of creating textures on fabrics. 2. Describe one method of creating texture in detail.
11.7 Reference and Suggested Further Reading 1. Anonymous. 2006. The Complete Guide to Drawing and Printing. Quantum Publishing Ltd., London. 2. Susan, M. and Joost, E. 1991. Textile Designs. Thames and Hudson Ltd., London.
11.8 Glossary 1. Mercerized
Chemically treated to improve the lustre.
2. Crinkled
Make wrinkles or creases into a smooth surface.
3. Pleated
Folded into pleats.
4. Preached
Divulge information or secrets; spill the beans. 5