vkWVekschy~ bysfDVªdy flLVe~~ 4- cSVjh dk mi;ksx rFkk j[kj[kko cSVjh] tks dkj esa j[kh tkrh gS] mls mfpr mi;ksx vkSj yxkrkj ns[kHkky dh t:jr gksrh gSA ,slk djuk cSVjh dh iw.kZ vuqekfur vk;q] 30&36 eghuksa ds djhc] pyus dks fo”oLr djrk gSA ns[kHkky vkSj mi;ksx ds vUrxZr dqN fuf”pr lko/kkfu;k¡ Hkh lfEefyr gSaA ,d leqfpr j[kj[kko dh x;h vkSj iw.kZr% pktZ;qDr cSVjh] batu dks n{krkiw.kZ ØSad djrh gS vkSj vU; fo|qrh; midj.kksa dks fØ;kfUor djus ds fy, mi;qDr gksrh gSA
4-0
mís”; • • •
4-1
bl v/;k; dks i<+us ds ckn vki bl ;ksX; gks tk;sxsa fd% cSVjh dk mi;ksx vkSj dkj esa cSVjh cnyrs le; yh tkus okyh lko/kkfu;ksa dks le> ldsaA cSVjh dk j[kj[kko dj ldsa A cSVjh dks pktZ djus dh fof/k dks tkusaA
ifjp;
bl v/;k; esa ge dkj esa yxh cSVjh ds mi;ksx vkSj j[k&j[kko ds ckjs esa v/;;u djasxs rkfd og vPNh lsok,a vius vuqekfur vk;qdky ds nkSjku ns ldsA ge ySM&,sflM cSVjh dh pkft±x dh fofHkUu fof/k;kas dk Hkh v/;;u djaxsaA
4-2
cSVjh dk iz;ksx rFkk lEcafËkr Ëkr lko/kkfu;k¡ 1234-
cSVjh iz;ksx djrs le; fuEu lko/kkfu;k¡ ysuh pkfg;sa& fdlh Hkh rjg dh vkx ;k fpaxkjh cSVjh ds ikl ugha ykuh pkfg, D;ksafd cSVjh }kjk NksM+h x;h gkbMªkstu xSl foLQksV dj ldrh gSA cSVjh bysDVªksykbZV~ vR;f/kd la{kkjd ¼djksflo½ gksrk gSA bls Ropk] diM+ksa ;k dkj ij fxjus ugha nsuk pkfg,A bysDVªksykbZV~ fxjus ij [kwc lkjs ikuh ls ml oLrq dks /kks nsuk pkfg,A cSVjh fudkyrs le; ges”kk igys J`.kkRed VfeZuy fudkyuk pkfg, rRi”pkr /kukRed VfeZuyA bl izdkj dkj dh ckWMh }kjk cSVjh dks “kkWVlfdZV gksus ls cpk;k tk ldrk gSA cSVjh dks yxkus ds ckn cSVjh DySEi vPNh izdkj dl nsus pkfg,¡A
LoewY;kadu iz”u 1. 2. 3.
cSVjh ds lehi LikdZ foLQksV D;ksa dj ldrk gS\ tc bySDVªksykbZV~ dgha fxj tk;s rks D;k djuk pkfg, vkSj D;ksa\ cSVjh dk dkSu lk dscy igys [kksyuk pkfg, vkSj D;ksa\
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4-3
cSVjh dk j[kj[kko
vkWVekschy~ cSVjh dh mez yxHkx 3 lky gksrh gS] ysfdu bls mfpr j[kj[kko dh vko”;drk gksrh gSA 1- cSVjh dks ges”kk lkQ o lw[kk j[ksa o cSVjh VfeZuy ij xzhl ;k isVªksfy;e tSyh dk iz;ksx djsa ftlls mu ij djks”ku u tek gksA 2- bysDVªksykbZV~ dh ek=k cSVjh ds lHkh lSyksa esa leku j[ksa vkSj ;g Åijh fu”kku rd gksuh pkfg;sA vikjn”khZ cDls okyh cSVjh esa ;g lqfuf”pr djsa fd bysDVªksykbZV~] IysVksa ls yxHkx 10 fe-eh- Åij jgsA IysVksa dks uaxk u gksus nsaA bysDVªksykbZV~ ysoy de gks tkus dh n”kk esa bls iqu% cSVjh okWVj }kjk lgh dj nsaA dHkh Hkh uy ;k dq¡;s dk ikuh cSVjh esa iz;ksx u djsaA 3- cSVjh dks ges”kk iw.kZ pktZ fLFkfr esa j[ksaA bls T;knk le; rd de pkft±x dh fLFkfr esa u j[kk jgus nsasA ,slk djus ls cSVjh dks iqu% pktZ djuk dfBu gks tkrk gSA 4- cSVjh dks vf/kd pktZ u djsaA ,slk djus ls vf/kd ÅtkZ O;; gksrh gS rFkk cSVjh Hkh [kjkc gks ldrh gSA LoewY;kadu iz”u 4. 5. 6. 7.
vkWVekschy~ cSVjh dh lEHkkfor meZ -------------gksrh gSA cSVjh VfeZuy dks la{kkj.k ls dSls cpk;k tkrk gS\ IysVksa dh rqyuk esa bysDVªksykbZV~ dk Lrj -------------------- fe-eh- Åij gksuk pkfg,A bysDVªksykbZV~ esa ---------------------------------- ;k -------------------------------------------------;k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Mkyuk pkfg;sA
4-4
cSVjh pkft±x
4 -4 -1
pkft±x ds fy, cSVjh dks rS;kj djuk
• cSVjh ds Åij xanxh dks lkQ djsa vkSj pktZ ij j[kus ls igys VfeZuy dks lkQ djsa fdUrq cSVjh ds lSy esa xanxh u tkus nsaA • lSy esa bysDVªksykbZV~ dk Lrj lgh djsaA ;fn cSVjh BaMh gS rks ikuh feykus ls igys FkksM+k xje gksus nsa pwafd tSls&2 cSVjh xje gksxh bysDVªksykbZV~ dk Lrj c<+sxkA • pkft±x ds fy, dsoy fn’V /kkjk dk iz;ksx djsa vkSj og Hkh ,sls lzksr ls tks fu;af=r fd;k tk ldrk gS rkfd cSVjh ds pktZ dh nj vR;f/kd u gksA 4 -4 -2
pkft±x ds izdkj
• fLFkj djaV pkftZx (constant current chagring) & ;g fof/k rc iz;ksx djrs gaSa tc lSy dh vkUrfjd fLFkfr ls vufHkK gkas vkSj leL;k dk irk yxk;k tk jgk gksA
50
• fLFkj foHko pkft±x (constant potental chaging) & ;g pktZj Å¡ph nj ij pkft±x izfØ;k dks izkjEHk djrs gSa vkSj tSls cSVjh dh oksYVst cMrh gS] pkftZax nj pktZj dh lajpuk] cSVjh dh fLFkfr] vk;q o rkieku ds vuqlkj de gks tkrk gSA • mPp nj pkft±x (high rate charging) & cSVjh fdlh Hkh nj ij pktZ dh tk ldrh gS tks fd fdlh Hkh lSy esa bysdVªkykbZV~ dk rkieku 53 fMxzh lsfYl;l ls vf/kd ugha gksus ns vkSj bysDVªksykbZV~ dks de u gksus nsA mPp nj pktZj lkekU;r% vfr mPp {kerk okyh fLFkj foHko e”khusa gksrh gSa rkfd izkajfEHkd pktZ nj 40&50 ,fEi;j jgsA cSVjh dh tYn i;kZIr pkft±x ds fy, mPp nj pktZj iz;ksx fd;s tk ldrs gSa ftlls fd og viuh fLFkfr o pktZ dh voLFkk ds vuqlkj vPNh lsok,a ns ldsaA • ean pkft±x (trickle charging) & ;g rc iz;ksx dh tkrh gS tc cSVjh pktZ fLFkrh esa foØ; ds fy;s rS;kj j[kh tkuh gks A 4-4-3 fLFkj djaV pkft±x fof/k • pktZj dh /kukRed rkj dks cSVjh ds /kukRed VfeZuy ls tksMs+a vkSj pktZj dh _.kkRed rkj dks cSVjh ds _.kkRed VfeZuy ls TkksM+asA • ;fn dbZ cSVfj;k¡ ,d lkFk pktZ gksuh gksa rks ds ,d /kukRed VfeZuy dks nwljh ds _.kkRed VfeZuy ls tksaMsa rkfd var esa gekjs ikl ,d /kukRed vkSj ,d _.kkRed VfeZuy pktZj ls tksM+us ds fy, jg tk,¡A • pkft±x dh lqjf{kr nj ,d ,sfEi;j@/kukRed IysV@lSy gSA • ;fn fofHkUu vkdkj dh dbZ cSVfj;k¡ ,d lewg esa pktZ gks jgh gksa rks iafDr dh nj] lfdZV esa lcls NksVs cSVjh }kjk fu/kkZfjr gksrh gSA • ;fn t:jh gks rks cSVjh dks jkr esa fnu dh pkftZax nj ds vk/kh nj ij NksM+ ldrs gSaA • ;fn fdlh cSVjh esa nzo dk dk rkieku 43 fMxzh lsfYl;l igq¡prk gS rks pkft±x nj dks de dj nsaA • izR;sd cSVjh ds izR;sd lSy ds fy, gj ?kaVs ij gkbMªksehVj jhfM+x ntZ gksuh pkfg, tc og iw.kZ pktZ voLFkk ds fudV vkus yxsA • dksbZ cSVjh iw.kZr% pktZ rc ekuh tkrh gS tc lkjs lSy eqDr :i ls xSl NksM+sa vkSj ,d ?kaVs ds varjky ij 3 yxkrj yh x;h jhfM+x leku gksA • vf/kdka”k cSVfj;k¡ 12 ls 16 ?kaVksa esa lkekU; nj ij pktZ gks tkrh gSaA ,d [kjkc lYQsVsM cSVjh dks lkekU; cSVjh ls T;knk le; dh t:jr gksxhA LoewY;kadu iz”u --------------------- dk iz;ksx cSVjh pktZ djus ds fy, djrs gSaA fofHkUu izdkj dh cSVjh pkftZax fof/k;ksa ds uke fy[ksaA ----------------- fof/k dk iz;ksx rc djrs gSa] tc geas cSVjh dh vUn:uh fLFkfr dk irk ugha gksrk gSA --------------------- izfØ;k esa pkft±x izfØ;k rsth ls “kq: gksrh gS rFkk tSls&tSls cSVjh pktZ gks tkrh gS] pkft±x nj Hkh de gksrh tkrh gSA 12. fVªday pkft±x eq[;r% --------------------- ds fy, iz;ksx djrs gSaA 13. fLFkj djaV pkft±x ds fy, cSap pkft±x esa lqjf{kr nj -------------------- gSA
8. 9. 10. 11.
51
fLFkj djaV pkft±x esa vxj cSVjh dk rkieku ------------------ ls vf/kd gksrk gS rks pkft±x nj de dj nsuh pkfg;sA 15. dc eku ysu k pkfg, fd cSVjh iwjh rjg ls pktZ gS \ 16. vf/kdka” k cSVjh dk pkftZ±x le; lkekU;r% ------------------- gksr k gSA 14.
4-5
nÙk dk;Z
4 -5 -1
d{kk dk;Z
1. cSVjh dks mi;ksx esa ykrs le; /;ku nsus ;ksX; lko/kkfu;ksa dk o.kZu djsaA 2. cSVjh dh vPNh mez ds fy, fdl izdkj ls mldk j[kj[kko djsaxsA 3. cSVjh pkft±x dh fofHkUu izfØ;kvksa dk o.kZu djsaA
4 -5 -2
x`g dk;Z
1. fLFkj djaV pkft±x dks laf{kIr esa o.kZu djsaA
4-6
lkjka”k
bl v/;k; esa geus cSVjh dk mi;ksx rFkk j[kj[kko dk v/;;u fd;kA blds vykok geus fofHkUu pkft±x izfØ;kvksa dks tkuk rFkk ;g Hkh ns[kk fd fdl izdkj de pkft±x rFkk vf/kd pkft±x cSVjh dks uqdlku igq¡pkrh gSA /;ku jgs fd cSVjh ds lehi vkx ;k fpaxkjh vkus ls foLQksV gks ldrk gS vrSo ges'kk lko/kku jgsaA
4-7
LoewY;kadu iz”uksa ds lEHkkfor mÙkj 1- cSVjh ls fudyus okyh gkbMªkstu xSl Toyu”khy gksrh tks fd foLQksVd cu ldrh gSA 2- cgrs ikuh ls tYnh /kks nsa D;ksafd bySDVªksykbZV~ vR;f/kd la{kkjd gksrk gSA 3- _.kkRed rkj] rc okilh iFk miyC/k ugha gksrk gS rFkk dkj dh ckSMh ls cSVjh “kkWVZ lfdZV ugha gksxhA 4- rhu lky 5- VfeZuy ij iSVªksfy;e tSyh ;k xzhl dh ijr }kjkA 6- 10 fe-eh7- “kq) ikuh ;k cSVjh dk ikuh ;k yo.k jfgr ikuh 8- fn’V /kkjk 9- fLFkj /kkjk pkft±x] fLFkj foHko pkft±x] mPp nj pkft±x] fVªdy pkftaZxA 10- fLFkj /kkjk pkft±x 11- fLFkj foHko pkft±x 12- cspus ds fy;s rS;kj j[kh tkus okyh cSVjh 13- 1 ,fEi;j@/kukRed IysV@lSy 14- 43 fMxzh lsfYl;l 15- lHkh lSy xSflax dj jgs gksa o gj ?kaVs ij yh x;ha 3 jhfMax leku gksA 16- 12 ls 16 ?kaVk
52
4-8
vH;klkFkZ iz”u 1. 2. 3. 4.
4-9
cSVjh cSVjh cSVjh fLFkj
dk mi;ksx djrs le; yh tkus okyh lko/kkfu;ksa dks lwphc) djsaA dh vPNh mez ds fy, mls fdl izdkj ls mi;ksx djsaxs\ pkft±x dh fofHkUu izfØ;kvksa dk o.kZu djsaA djaV pkft±x ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fy[ksaA
lanHkZ ,oa foLr`r v/;;ukFkZ xzaFk lwph •
LVSUMMZ cSVjh lfoZl EkSU;qvy] 1961] rhljk laLdj.k- LVSUMMZ cSVjht+ fy0] ckWEcs-
4-10 “kCnkoyh Vsifjax pkft±x nj
fLFkj foHko ;a= esa pkft±x nj de gksrk tkrk gS tSls&tSls cSVjh pktZ gksrh tkrh gSA
gkbMªksehVj
,d izdkj dk ;a= tks nzo dk vkisf{kd ?kUkRo dk eku ikuh dh rqyuk esa crkrk gSA
VkWi vi djuk
bysDVªksykbZV~ esa ikuh dh deh dks “kq) ikuh }kjk iwjk djukA
fVªdy pkftaZx
de nj ¼1 ,Eih;j ;k de½ ij pktZ djukA ;g cSVjh ds Lo;a fMLpktZ dh {kfriwfrZ djrk Gsa
53
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