ghl« - 5 xU ãw¢ r¡fu© tiujš Ï¥bghGJ ãw¢r¡fu© k‰W© Kj‹ik, Ïu§lh© ãiy k‰W© _‹wh©ãiy ãw¦fis¥ g‰¿ Ú¦fŸ f‰WŸÇªfŸ. v¥goæU¥ÃD©, Ú¦fŸ ãw¢r¡fu¤ij tiu¨J t§z© Ô£lhé£hš, ãw¤ij¥ g‰¿a c¦fSila òçjš KGikaila ÏayhJ. mjdhš, Ϩj¥ gFÂæš v¥go xU ãw¢r¡f¤ij tiu¨J t§zäLtJ v‹gij Ú¦fŸ f‰fΟǪfŸ. mL¤j ghl¤Âš, ntWg£l ãw¤ £l¦fis¥ g‰¿ Ú¦fŸ f‰fΟǪfŸ. 5.0 neh¡f¦fŸ Ï¥ghl¤ij Ko¤j ÃwF Ú¦fŸ, ga‹gL¤j¥gL»‹w ãw¦fis bjëthf¥ òç¨J bfh§L xU mH»a ãw¢ r¡fu¤ij tiu»‹w ÂwDl‹ xU gl¤Â‰F t§z© Ô£l KoÍ© k‰W© Ú¦fŸ éU©ò»‹w mnj ãw¤Âyik¨j cilia¢ rçahf¤ njªÎ brŒa ÏaY©. 5.1 m¿Kf« xU js¤Â‹ ÛJ ntWg£l Clf¦fis¥ ga‹gL¤Â, brŒKiwæš mid¤J© brŒJ ghª¡fhj tiuæš, ãw cy»‹ ãw§fis¥ bgaçL« Kiw (Nomenclature) ãw¢r¡fu© k‰W© Kj‹ik, Ïu§lh© ãiy k‰W© _‹wh© ãiy ãw¦fŸ ngh‹wt‰iw¥ g‰¿ bjç¨J it¤ÂU¥gJ k£L© nghJkhdjšy. brašKiwæš f‰gjdhš, br‹w ghl¦fëš bg‰w m¿it tèikaila¢ brŒÍ© k‰W© mj‹ kÂ¥ig caª¤J©. vdnt eh© brŒKiw¥ gæ‰Áahf, xU fh»j¤Â‹ ÛJ, xU ãw¢ r¡fu¤ij Û§L© c‰g¤Â brŒnth©. mjdhš mJ e©Kila kdš xU jl¤ij¥ g¤J¢ bršY© k‰W© eh© fdéš fh§gitfis¡ Tl, mit c£gl všyh ãw¦fisÍ© c¦fshš milahs© fhz ÏaY©. Kjèš xU ãw¢ r¡fu¤ij tiutj‰F xUtª f§o¥ghf¥ bg‰¿U¡f nt§oa bghU£fis¥ g‰¿Í© ÃwF Kj‹ik, Ïu©lh«ãiy, Jiz-Ïu§lh©ãiy k‰W© _‹wh© ãiy ãw¦fis¥ ga‹gL¤Â mj‰F t§z© Ô£LtJ g‰¿Í© eh© ngryh©. Ëdª, xU fh»j¤Â‹ ÛJ mH»a ãw cyif¢ braštoéš mik¥gj‰fhd braiy eh© nk‰bfhŸsyh©. 5.2 xU ãw¢ r¡fu¤ij tiutj‰F¤ njitahd bghU£fshtd: fh»j« (half imperial btŸis tiugl¤jhŸ) 1
ngh«lª t§z¦fŸ (Át¥ò-kŠrŸ-Úy«), fh«g° (Compass), bg‹Áš, mê¥gh‹, 6`` msÎnfhš(ruler). msÎ v§fŸ 2 k‰W« 4 cŸs t§z© Ô£L© öçiffŸ. Úª it¥gj‰fhd Á¿a gh¤Âu©, xU Á¿a gyif (rag) braš ãw¢ r¡fu¤ij¥ g‰¿a c¦fSila m¿it cWÂ¥gL¤Â¡ bfhŸs, tF¥giwæš Ã‹tU© gæ‰Áfis brŒa Ka‰Á brŒÍ¦fŸ. 6`` é£lKŸs xU t£l¤ij¡ fh»j¤Â‹ ÛJ tiu mnj t£lika¤ÂèU¨J, 4`` é£lKŸs k‰bwhU t£l¤ij tiu. cd¡F 2 bghJ ika t£l¦fŸ »il¡F© Ï¥bghGJ, t£l¤ij 12 gFÂfŸ Mf cUth¡F. t£l¤Â‹ btë¥òw c¢ÁæèU¨J 1 Kjš 12 tiu v‹w tifæš mid¤J¥ gFÂfS¡F© v§fŸ ÏL v§ 1 cŸs gFÂia¢ Át¥ò ãwK©, v§ 5 cŸs gFÂæš Úy ãwK© k‰W© v§ 9 cŸs gFÂæš kPrŸ ãwK© Ô£L Kj‹ik ãw¦fis mt‰¿‰Fça Ïl¤Âš Ú mik¤J é£lhŒ (c‹Dila öçifia¢ R¤j© brŒ) Ï¥bghGJ kŠrSl‹ mj‰F rk mséyhd Át¥ig¢ nrª. Ú MuŠir¥ bgWthŒ gF v© 11-I MuŠR t§z¤jhš Ô£L mL¤j¥oahf, rk msÎ Úy© k‰W© Át¥ig vL¤J¡ bfhŸ. mt‰iw¡ fy¡F,Ú Cjhit¥ bgWthŒ. gF v© 3-I Cjh ãwkh¡F Úy© k‰W© kŠris¢ nrª,. g¢iria¥ bgWthŒ gF g§ 7š g¢ir t§z© Ô£L ãw¢ r¡fu¤Âš, MuŠR,Cjh k‰W© g¢ir M»a Ïu§lh© ãiy ãw¦fis Ú bfh§LŸshŒ c¢ÁæèU¨J bjhl¦», rk msÎfëš Cjh k‰W© Át¥ig nrª Ïš »il¤j ãw¤ij¡ bfh§L gF v§ 2-š t§z© Ô£L rk msÎfëš Cjh k‰W© Úy¤ij vL¤J¡ bfhŸ Ϩj fyitæèU¨J Ú bg‰w ãw¤ij¡ bfh§L, gF v§ 4‰F t§z© Ô£L mnj ngh‹W rk msÎfëš kŠrŸ k‰W© g¢iria vL¤J¡ bfhŸ Ϩj¡ fyitæèU¨J Ú bg‰w ãw¤ij it¤J, gF v§ 8-I t©z« Ô£L 2
rk msÎ g¢ir k‰W© Úy© nrª¤j fyitia¡ bfh§L gF g© 6, t©z« Ô£l¥gl nt©L«. rk msÎfëš cŸs kŠrŸ k‰W© MuŠR fy¨J »il¤j fyitæèU¨J bg‰w ãw¤ij¡ bfh§L gF v© 10-I t©z« Ô£L rk mséyhdÁt¥ò k‰W© MuŠR nrª¨j fyitia¡ bfh§L, filÁ¥gFÂahd, gF v© 12, t©z« Ô£l¥gl nt©L«. ãw¢r¡fu¤Âš _‹wh© ãiy ãw¦fis mik¥gij Ú Ko¤J é£lij ftå¤jhah? c‹Dila éU¥g¤Âwnf‰wh‰ nghš bghU£fS¡F t§z© Ô£Ltj‰Fça tifæš, äf mÂf thŒ¥òfis¤ jUkhW xU KG ãw¢r¡fu© cd¡F K‹dhš cŸsJ. bkh¤j¤Âš, Ϩj ãw¢ r¡fu mDgt© äfΩ Mªt¤ij¤ ö§l¡Toa x‹whf cŸsJ. j‹d¿Î¢ nrhjid édh¡fŸ 1) ËtU© ãw¦fis rkmséš Ú fy¨j bghGJ, Ú bg‰w ãw§fis bgaçLf. Át¥ò k‰W© kŠrŸ kŠrŸ k‰W© Úy© Át¥ò k‰W© Úy© Át¥ò k‰W© Cjh Át¥ò k‰W© MuŠ¢ kŠrŸ k‰W© g¢ir kŠrŸ k‰W© MuŠ¢ Úy© k‰W© Cjh Úy© k‰W© g¢ir 2) mt‰¿š vit vit Ïu§lh© ãiy k‰W© _‹wh© ãiy ãw¦fŸ v‹gij¥ g£oaè^. 5.3 gæ‰ÁfŸ 5.3.1 tF¥ò¥ gæ‰Á tF¥ò¢ braèš Ú cUth¡»a ãw¢ r¡fu¤ij x£L, k‰W© cd¡F äf¥ Ãçakhd ãw¦fis¥ g‰¿ vGJ. c‹Dila kd¥ngh¡»‰F©, c‹Dila bjçé‰F© Ïilnaahd bjhlªig¡ bfh§L, Ú V‹ mt‰iw éU©ò»whŒ v‹gij étç. 5.3.2 Å£L¥ gæ‰Á 3
xU rJu¤ij vL¤J mj‹ ikŒgFÂæš Át¥ò, kŠrŸ k‰W© Úy© M»a Kj‹ik ãw¦fŸ k‰W© öa Àô M»at‰iw it¤J, k‰W© Ëdª Ϩj _‹W ãw¦fë‹ mid¤J Ïsãw¦fŸ k‰W© nõ£fis it¤J¢ rJu¤ij t©z« Ô£L. 5.4 ghl¢RU¡f« gšntWg£l msÎfëš, _‹W Kj‹ik ãw¦fis k£Lnk it¤J nrhÂ¥gJ Tl¥ bgUkséyhd Ïu§lh©ãiy k‰W© _‹wh©ãiy ãw¦fis¤ njh‹w¢ brŒ»‹wJ v‹gij eh© Ôªkhå¡fyh©. k‰W© Ï›Îy»YŸs mid¤J ãw¦fS© mt‰¿‰fhd Ïl¤ij Ϩj ãwkhiyæš bg‰WŸsd. t§z¦fSl‹ ntiy òçtJ c¦fŸ f§fS¡F k£Lä‹¿ c¦fŸ Ïja¤Â‰F© Tl k»œit¤ ju ÏaY©. k‰W© c¦fŸ kdÂY© xU Ïjkhd éisit më¡F«. 5.5 j‹åiw΢ nrhjid édh¡fS¡fhd jF¨j éilfŸ ãw¦fë‹ bgaªfŸ ÑnH bfhL¡f¥g£LŸsd. Át¥ò k‰W© kŠrŸ = MuŠR kŠrŸ k‰W© Úy© = g¢ir Át¥ò k‰W© Úy© =Cjh Át¥ò k‰W© Cjh = Át¥ò fy¨j Cjh (reddish purple) Át¥ò k‰W© MuŠR=Át¥ò ¡y¨j MuŠR (reddish orange) kŠrŸ k‰W© g¢ir = kŠrŸ fy¨j g¢ir (yellowish green) kŠrŸ k‰W© MuŠ¢ = kŠrŸ fy¨j MuŠR (Yellowish Orange) Úy© k‰W© Cjh=Úyk fy¨j Cjh(Bluish purple) Úy© k‰W© g¢ir = Úy© fy¨j g¢ir (Bluish green) 2. Ïu§lh©ãiy ãw¦fŸ Át¥ò k‰W© kŠrŸ Úy© k‰W© kŠrŸ Át¥ò k‰W© Úy© 3. _‹wh© ãiy ãw¦fŸ Át¥ò k‰W© Cjh Át¥ò k‰W© MuŠ¢ kŠrŸ k‰W© g¢ir kŠrŸ k‰W© MuŠ¢ Úy© k‰W© Cjh Úy© k‰W© g¢ir 5.6 édh¡fŸ 4
1) ãw¢r¡fu¤ij tiuªJ, bgaçL (v©fëL) 2) ãw¢r¡fu¤ÂYŸs Kj‹ik, Ïu§lh© ãiy k‰W© _‹wh© ãiy ãw¦fis¥ g‰¿ vGJ 3) _‹W Kj‹ik ãw¦fë‹ Ïsãw¦fŸ k‰W© nõ£fŸ g‰¿ étç 5.7 ghªit¡F cf¨j Ãw üšfŸ 5.8 brhšyfuhÂ.
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