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Sustaining Energy Efficiency in Vertical Greenery System of Parkroyal on Pickering Hotel, Singapore A Group Research by: Chin Man Choong Kalvin Bong Jia Ying Kennett Lim Roong Xiang Lim Zhao Yin Rudy Irawan

School of Architecture, Building and Design

Image source: archdaily.com

Introduction

Environmental Awareness

Vertical Greenery System

Benefits of Green

Implementing "green" into urban high-rise

Addressing the decaying of a healthy urban environment

Ecological + Economic Eg. energy saving

Parkroyal on Pickering Hotel Location: Pickering Road, Singapore Architect: WOHA Architects Concept: Hotel-in-a-garden Case Study: Sustainable approach in integrating vertical greenery system Image source: parkroyalhotels.com

What are some of the reasons?

Image source: archdaily.com

Image source: archdaily.com

Challenges in maintaining vertical greenery system to sustain energy efficiency How does the implementation of vertical greenery system design help in achieving sustainable energy efficiency?

How the type of vegetations affects the sustainability of energy efficiency in vertical greenery system of Parkroyal on Pickering Hotel?

How the arrangement of plants prolongs the sustainability of energy efficiency in vertical greenery system of Parkroyal on Pickering Hotel?

What are the methods into ensuring operational sustainability of vertical greenery system in Parkroyal on Pickering Hotel?

Methodology Green Walls in High-Rise Buildings Publisher: Council of Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) Author: Anthony Wood, Payam Bahrami and Daniel Safarik Research: Importance of sustainability in high-rise buildings worldwide

Greenery Scales New Heights Publisher: The Ascendas Magazine Author: Crystal Seah, Anne Than and Joyce Wee Research: Case study about rise of vertical greenery in Singapore

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Implementing vertical greenery system design in achieving sustainable energy efficiency Building Context

Urban Context

Insulate and shade the facade naturally Natural air filtration from pollutants Reduces additional electrical energy consumption for cooling

Without having to consistently rely on air purification device

Absorb the heat build up, then dissipating ambient heat Reduces cooling energy demand of buildings in city scale

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Implementing vertical greenery system design in achieving sustainable energy efficiency

Image source: pinterest.com

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Implementing vertical greenery system design in achieving sustainable energy efficiency Through the implementation of vertical greenery system, the external heat transferred to the walls and interior spaces is the LEAST over time during every climate scenarios.

This proves that the system helps to insulate and shade facade naturally during different periods, thus reduces energy consumption into providing additional cooling aid (Wood, 2014).

Chart source: Pan, 2016

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Implementing vertical greenery system design in achieving sustainable energy efficiency The amount of electrical energy saved is DIRECTLY PROPOTIONAL to temperature rise in a building with vertical greenery system.

This proves the effectiveness of the system used for passive cooling to achieve thermal comfort without mechanical cooling aids throughout different temperatures.

Chart source: Pan, 2016

According to Perez (2014), it can be generally concluded that vertical greenery system saves more electrical energy even during high average temperatures.

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Vegetation types that ensure the energy efficiency and its sustainability in vertical greenery system of Parkroyal on Pickering Hotel Deciduous Species

Image source: earthsky.org

Seasonal shedding

plants that shed leaves during certain periods of time in change too the climate

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Vegetation types that ensure the energy efficiency and its sustainability in vertical greenery system of Parkroyal on Pickering Hotel plants that shed leaves Species during certain periods Evergreen of time in change too the climate

Image source: archdaily.com

Leaves persist throughout the year Work efficiently in limiting solar exposure and reducing the heat radiated from external atmosphere into the interior

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Vegetation types that ensure the energy efficiency and its sustainability in vertical greenery system of Parkroyal on Pickering Hotel plants that shed leaves during certain periods of time in change too the climate Shade trees

Flowering plants

Tall palm trees Leafy shrubs

Overhanging creepers

Image source: Green Walls in High-Rise Buildings

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Vegetation types that ensure the energy efficiency and its sustainability in vertical greenery system of Parkroyal on Pickering Hotel plants that shed leaves during certain periods Flowering plants of time in change too the climate Characteristics: Natural soil filters

Cleanse soil and water from contaminants by absorbing them from the soil without harming the flower much Reduces consistent extensive caring solution to ensure that plants are healthy.

Image source: pinterest.com

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Vegetation types that ensure the energy efficiency and its sustainability in vertical greenery system of Parkroyal on Pickering Hotel plantscreepers that shed leaves during certain periods Overhanging of time in change too the climate Characteristics: Wide and long vines caping down

Keep moisture out of the structure Drip water to the lower levels Reduces the need of manual labour maintenance to ensure structures are not damaged and plants are hydrated Image source: tripadvisor.com

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Vegetation types that ensure the energy efficiency and its sustainability in vertical greenery system of Parkroyal on Pickering Hotel

plants that shed leaves during certain period Shade trees of time in change too the climate Characteristics: Large trees with spreading canopies

Provide immense shading Reduces solar exposure Provides thermal comfort without the additional need of mechanical coolings Image source: flickr.com

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Vegetation types that ensure the energy efficiency and its sustainability in vertical greenery system of Parkroyal on Pickering Hotel Tall palmplants treesthat shed leaves during certain periods of time in change too the climate Characteristics: Pinnate leaves with slender trunk

Umbrellas heat from sun Provides partial sunlight to diffuse to interior Without the requirement of extensive energy into constructing wall in blocking out solar exposure, or window for light admittance Image source: peonylim.com

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Vegetation types that ensure the energy efficiency and its sustainability in vertical greenery system of Parkroyal on Pickering Hotel

plants that shed leaves during cert Leafy shrubs of time in change too the climate Characteristics: Detoxifying character

Provides optimal air filtration from pollutants, an alternative to conventional air purifier Therefore avoids unnecessary energy consumption Image source: inhabitat.com

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Vegetation types that ensure the energy efficiency and its sustainability in vertical greenery system of Parkroyal on Pickering Hotel

Image source: shangri-la.com

Image source: cdl.com

The evergreen plant type chosen adapts better into sustaining with the tropical climate context of Singapore as compared to the others.

Species used are also apparent in other high-rises, eg: Oasia Hotel Downtown, Shangri-La Hotel, Tree House, etc.

Image source: oasiahotels.com

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Plant arrangements to prolong vertical greenery systems’ energy efficiency sustainability in Parkroyal on Pickering Hotel

1. Terracing

Image source: WOHA: Breathing Architecture

Characteristics: Multiple topographic levels

Diagram source: Author, 2018

Water consistently flows from upper to lower level by gravity aids Minimizes the need of manual operation to maintain the plants (Terrapin Bright Green, 2017) Saves extensive energy into sustaining livability of plants

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Plant arrangements to prolong vertical greenery systems’ energy efficiency sustainability in Parkroyal on Pickering Hotel

2. North-East Orientation

Maximum sunlight supply for plants to obtain sufficient nourishment lengthens the livelihood of plants Thus it prolongs the duration of functionality of plants into providing alternative energy through shade, cooling, and filtering air into the building efficiently

Image source: google.com

Characteristics: Front elevation exposed to morning and evening sun of North-East

Diagram source: Author, 2018

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Plant arrangements to prolong vertical greenery systems’ energy efficiency sustainability in Parkroyal on Pickering Hotel

3. Arrangement of Different Vegetation Types Characteristics: Shade trees and tall palms arranged closer to windows, followed by shrubs encircling middle, then overhanging creeper plants.

Diagram source: Author, 2018

Image source: tierradesign.com

Placed apart from each other The arrangement discourages competition among plants Thus maintaining a ‘healthy plants ecosystem’ in a long term

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Operational methods into sustaining vertical greenery system of Parkroyal on Pickering Hotel

1. Rainwater Harvesting

Chart source: Pan, 2016

Image source: tierradesign.com

Image source: tierradesign.com

Image source: tierradesign.com

Rainwater harvested from higher levels are channeled downwards by gravity for landscaping and watering plants at different levels Pumpless Automated Irrigation System used as backup to irrigate the plants and supply water features in the absence of rain

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Operational methods into sustaining vertical greenery system of Parkroyal on Pickering Hotel

2. Hydroponic Lamps

Image source: parkroyalhotels.com

Image source: Greenery Scales New Heights

Hydroponic lamps are generated by photovoltaic cells power with low powered consumption Used during the absence, or the lacking of sunlight for a long period to maintain efficiency of plants (Parkroyal Hotels, 2013) Image source: tierradesign.com

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Operational methods into sustaining vertical greenery system of Parkroyal on Pickering Hotel

3. Food Waste Management

Leftover food from the hotel’s restaurants are converted as fertilizers for soils of the plants Rich nutrients are constantly supplied to plants, resulting in well-grown of greeneries

Image source: Greenery Scales New Heights

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Operational methods into sustaining vertical greenery system of Parkroyal on Pickering Hotel

Diagram sources: parkroyalhotels.com

Conclusion The research developed resulted into vertical greenery system within Parkroyal on Pickering Hotel being an effective “green� integration to maintain being an energy efficient alternative.

The consideration of greeneries incorporated within the building achieves natural heat insulation for thermal comfort; arrangement of evergreen plants species to provide sufficient shading, air purifier, as well as temperature cooling, and natural operational methods used to sustain longevity of the greeneries.

Thus, vertical greenery system provides a sustainable energy efficient alternative without relying on extensive energy consumption.

References BOOK Bahrami P., Safarik, D. & Wood, A.. (2014). Green Walls in High-Rise Buildings. Victoria: Council of Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH).

Bhaskaran, T. (2012). Sustainability: Parkroyal on Pickering. The Singapore Engineer, 9(n.d.), 20-22.

Busenkell, M. (2012). WOHA: Breathing Architecture. Frankfurt: Deutsches Architekturmuseum (DAM).

Seah, C., Than, A. & Wee, J.. (2012). Greenery Scales New Heights. The Ascendas Magazine, 2(2), 16-21.

INTERNET Archdaily. (2013). Parkroyal on Pickering / WOHA. Retrieved May 20, 2018, from https://www.archdaily.com/363164/parkroyal-on-pickering CDL. (n.d.). Tree House. Retrieved June 2, 2018, from http://www.cdl.com.sg/treehouse/ Conners, D. (2017). Why trees shed their leaves. Retrieved June 1, 2018, from http://earthsky.org/earth/why-do-treesshed-their-leaves Grozdanic, L. (2013). Park Royal Tower: WOHA’s Stunning Vertical Garden Tower Opens in Singapore. Retrieved June 1, 2018, from https://inhabitat.com/park-royal-tower-wohas-stunning-vertical-urban-park-opens-in-singapore/parkroyalsingapore-woha-architects-12 Lim, P. (2017). Parkroyal on Pickering, Singapore. Retrieved May 30, 2018, from http://peonylim.com/park-royal-onpickering-singapore/ Mun-Delsalle, Y. (2017). Parkroyal on Pickering in Singapore is Designed As a Hotel and Office in a Garden. Retrieved May 18, 2018, from https://www.forbes.com/parkroyal-on-pickering-in-singapore-is-designed-as-a-hotel-and-office-in-agarden/#4dd2f4f1

References INTERNET Niko, S. (2017). How Nature and Buildings Come Together? Retrieved May 29, 2018, from https://www.rostek.fi/blog/hownature-and-buildings-come-together-oasia-downtown-example Oasia Hotels. (n.d.). Oasia Hotel Downtown, Singapore. Retrieved June 3, 2018, from http://www.oasiahotels.com/en/singapore/hotels/oasia-hotel-downtown Perez, G., Coma, J., Martorell, I. & Cabeza, L.. (2014). Vertical Greenery Systems (VGS) for Energy Saving in Buildings: A Review. Retrieved May 22, 2018, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032114005073 Pan, L. & Chu, L.. (2016). Energy Saving Potential and Life Cycle Environmental Impacts of a Vertical Greenery System in Hong Kong: A Case Study. Retrieved May 26, 2018, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S036 Parkroyal Hotels. (2013). Parkroyal on Pickering Hotel, Singapore. Retrieved May 20, 2018, from https://www.parkroyalhotels.com/en/hotels-resorts/singapore/pickering.html Pinterest. (n.d.). Retrieved June 3, 2018, from https://www.pinterest.com.au/pin/316026098823461051/?autologin=true Pinterest. (n.d.). Retrieved June 3, 2018, from https://nl.pinterest.com/pin/40250990400366681/ Shangri-La Hotels. (n.d.). Shangri-La Hotel. Retrieved June 2, 2018, from http://www.shangri-la.com/singapore/shangrila/ Terrapin Bright Green. (2017). Parkroyal Case Study. Retrieved May 30, 2018, from https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/wpcontent/uploads/2015/11/Parkroyal_Case-Study.pdf Tierra Design. (2013). Parkroyal on Pickering. Retrieved June 3, 2018, from https://tierradesign.squarespace.com/parkroyal/ Tripadvisor Singapore. (2018). Parkroyal on Pickering. Retrieved June 3, 2018, from https://www.tripadvisor.com.sg/LocationPhotoDirectLink-g294265-d3523347-i308324354-PARKROYAL_on_Pickering.html William. (2013). Parkroyal on Pickering in Singapore by WOHA. Retrieved June 3, 2018, from https://www.flickr.com/photos/heyitschili/11030723556

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