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SITE INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
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5
PRECEDENT STUDIES
ROOF SYSTEM
6 REINFORCED CONCRETE MASONRY WALL CONSTRUCTION PROCESS : 1. The principal C-channel rafters are attached to the roof beam at a certain angle to achieve the swatooth roof typology 2. Supporting elements - post, struts, and bolts are bolted and connected to the principal rafters 3. The c-channel purlinns are then attached to the rafters in supporting the roofing materials. 4. Each sawtooth is completed as a whole module and connected to other module in parallel angles to form a complete sawtooth roof structure 5. Sarnafil roof membranes were installed to give the roof edges a smooth appearance.
LEVERING TRADE ARCHITECT
: ATELIER ARS
LOCATION
: ZAPOPAN MEXICO
FUNCTION
: STORAGE
AREA
: 1184 Sqm
Sawtooth Roof’s Structure
SYSTEM DETAIL :
INTRODUCTION : The Levering Trade proposes a building that was able to communicate its industrial condition through the architectural elements. Therefore, recalled a couple of forms that is possible to recognize as classics in industrial architecture: the saw tooth roof and the vierendeel beam. The work of Albert Kahn is a very relevant example of the particular beauty of industrial architecture through a tectonic expression. A single-span structure and careful roof design allow for a roof which integrates the simple natural elements of light, water and air into an otherwise austere building and function.
Sawtooth Roof’s Struts
Sawtooth Roof’s Diagram Response
SITE RESPONSE : Sawtooth roof system allows the east sun to filtrate in through the glazed panel, thus enable morning lights to penetrate into the learning center. This roof will block excessive light in the afternoon and evening, yet will allows sufficient amount of light to go into the interior. As the site itself dominated by pitch and angled roof, utilizing the sawtooth roof to follow the context, yet effective in terms of site response
ADVANTAGE :
DISADVANTAGE :
1. Enable array of natural light to filtrate in, yet block the direct sun, thus prevent glare and overheating.
1.
Expensive initial cost due to complex design and mostly contructed from metal.
2. Reduce the need of electrical lighting as sufficient of natural lighting can become the light alternative during the day.
2.
Applying windows, valleys, and angled surface might cause leakage problem, thus this rood’s type is not advised for snowfall region.
3. Provides uniform of natural light to spread over the large area within the learning center.
Sawtooth Roof’s Sectional Detail
FACADE SYSTEM
7 SUN SCREEN CLADDING SYSTEM / BRISE SOLEIL SYSTEM DETAIL : LEGEND :
The ceramic faรงade is separated into 2 different modular size, 1.00m and 0.75m. The ceramic mesh is hugging the upper guides screwed to the slabs and tethered to an anchor point for the wind at the bottom.
CULTURAL CENTER LA GOTA ARCHITECT
: LOSADA GARCIA
LOCATION
: SPAIN
FUNCTION
: TOBACCO MUSEUM
AREA
: 1220 Sqm
DETAIL 2
INTRODUCTION : The building faรงade Utilizes perforated ceramic fabric which imitates traditional brick, thus results in dematerialized faรงade with refined geometries that allows sunlight to penetrate in through the wall. The faรงade is layered by double skin composes of a glass wall and ceramic fabric called FLEXBRICK. Thermal space is created and direct the user views from the inside, prevents heating during summer season.
DETAIL 1 DETAIL 3
SITE RESPONSE : This faรงade system is effective as an instrument of solar control, where incoming heat is filtered prior reach the glass surface of the wall. The ceramic itself also plays a role in filtering the solar radiation, preventing the greenhouse effect and overheating inside. Suitable placement in the learning center can result in good thermal comfort inside, thus decrease the use of air conditioning.
ADVANTAGE : 1. Sunlight protection system, filtering solar radiation, maintain thermal comfort and passive energy. 2. Translucent and allow light to penetrates in, minimizing the need of artificial lighting. 3. Lightweight and prefabricated, easier installment and tranportation to the site.
Flexbrick system framed in metal and sliding structure
DISADVANTAGE : 1. The facade requires higher maintenance cost due to extra expenditure of materials. 2. Periodically maintenance is required, thus extra work and energy DETAIL 4
FACADE SYSTEM
8 VERTICAL TIMBER LOUVER CONSTRUCTION PROCESS : Connection of the slab to the external details is necessary. The facade system is applied separately as observed from the section. Its separated into two parts as the necessity to joint it with the floor slab. 1. A steel frame with various angled steel connector ( to the timber louvers) is prefabricated 2. The timber louvers are connected and kept intact with the steel angle ( which is designed to orientate the timber ) through bolt and nuts 3. The facade system is connected to the slab with gravity and lateral connection
K8 APARTMENT ARCHITECT
: FLORIAN BUSCH ARCHITECT
LOCATION
: KYOTO, JAPAN
FUNCTION
: RESIDENTIAL
AREA
: 156 Sqm
SYSTEM DETAIL : DETAIL A DETAIL C
INTRODUCTION : As a homogeneous yet continuosly changing surface, the facade creates an ambiguity often found around Kyoto’s architecture. Through their gradual rotations, several hundred wooden louvers trigger the sense of motion, as if the building itself were continuosly enganging its environtment. The building’s interior is more concealed than revealed. Facing the building, one is left without a precise answer as to how many floors or how deep the building might be. Towards the middle, varying degrees of transparency give subtle hints about the inside. Walking by further sets the façade in motion, as if the building itself were moving around those who pass by, engaging them by revealing glimpses of the inside in varying depths.
SITE RESPONSE : Located around colorless and lack of attractive area, the angled orientated timber louvers tend to bring curiosity for the pedestrian on what is happening within. As for the users within the learning center, they will able to frame certain urbanscape with the drmatic changes in timber louvers orientation. Direct sun will be filtered before filtrate into the interior while still being able to allow views connectivity from the interior
ADVANTAGE : 1. Vertical louver afford sufficient privacy and also provide protection against excessive daylight and glare inside buildings. 2. Everchanging facade creates sense of dynamic movement. 3. Beautiful raw aesthetical value of wood material display.
Timber Louver Section
DISADVANTAGE : 1. Higher cost due to period maintenance and certain construction method to maintain the timber louver facade. 2. Extra finishes or insulation is needed as wood will face moisture problem if its exposed to moisture.
DETAIL B
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
9 REINFORCED CONCRETE MASONRY WALL CONSTRUCTION PROCESS : 1. Cell containing reinforcement are filled solidly with grout, vertical cells should provide a continuous cavity. Substantially free of mortar droppings 2. Reinforcement in bond beams is set in place as wall is laid up 3. Place mortar on cross webs adjacent to cells which will be grouted 4. Vertical reinforcement lap and secured as required 5. Place mesh or other grout to stop device under bond beam to confine grout or ude solid bottom unit, add flashing 6. Leave this block out to serve as cleanout until wall is laid up
THE CG HOUSE ARCHITECT
: RETHINK STUDIO
LOCATION
: PETIT RAFFRAY, MAURITIUS
FUNCTION
: RESIDENTIAL
AREA
: 190 Sqm
Blockwork Section
SYSTEM DETAIL :
INTRODUCTION : The CG house, consists of building a new house to be situated not far from a pine state forest on a 1000sqm plot of previously agricultural land. The pine formwork was treated and re-used in its natural cement-stained condition to provide the false ceiling to the external perimeter of the building adding texture and character to the chosen materials palette. This contrast in materials successfully provides timeless qualities adding a contemporary edge which responds positively to tropical climatic conditions while maintaining a cosy atmosphere within the abode.
SITE RESPONSE : Concrete masonry is a good sound proof material, thus the sound dampening quality of this material is suitable to be applied in the learning community center, as some tranquil area inside the LCA is needed for learning purpose. Utilizing concrete masonry block in respond to the site’s materiality where rough texture and bare surface mimic the site’s materiality, enhance the poetic space inside LCA in terms of local material
ADVANTAGE : 1. Resistance to moisture and wont be damaged by mold or pest, suitable in tropical environtment 2. Good sound insulator, prevent excessive sound to travel in between rooms 3. Lower utility cost. Energy efficient as its inherent mass qualities help keep thei ntrior space cooler during summer and warmer during winter
Detail 1: Blockwork to Steel Column Detail
Detail 2 : Blockwork Detail
DISADVANTAGE : 1. Higher cost as its one of the popular construction material, which might be an obstacle for some construction project 2. Low Tensile strength, crack might occur in concrete due to shrinkage and excessive load Detail 3 : Blockwork to Window Detail
Detail 4 : Blockwork to Roof Detail
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
10 HAMBRO MD2000 COMPOSITE FLOOR CONSTRUCTION PROCESS :
1. POSITIONING OF JOIST The joists are placed on the walls or beams and positioned in compliance with the drawings issued for construction
CDRIN ARCHITECT
: ASSOCIES ARCHITECTES
LOCATION
: MATANE, CANADA
FUNCTION
: OFFICE
AREA
: 1740 Sqm
INTRODUCTION : The center houses a motion capture studio that combines all types of existing technologies in emerging industry. With its advanced equipment, CDRIN attracts many SMEs and researchers. Canam services were selected for the supply of the building structure, the installation of the entire envelope and the structural steel of this digital imagery research and development center
2. PERMANENT BOLTED BRIDGING Permanent bridging is designed to provide lateral and torsional support for the joists in the non-composite stage. Top and bottom chords are fabricated with clips to accommodate bridging, if needed during the pouring process. Generally, no shoring is required unless specifically noted.
3. STEEL DECK Together, the steel deck and bridging form a rigid diaphragm during construction, providing a safe platform for workers. The MD2000 system uses steel deck P-3606 which is delivered in bundles for easier installation 4. SHEETS OF MESH Welded wire mesh serves as the standard catenary for the slab. Standard 8 ft. x 20 ft. (2,400 mm x 6,100 mm) sheets of mesh are easily placed over the top chords of the Hambro joists. The top chord acts as a high chair. 5. CONCRETE POURING AND FINISHING When pouring and finishing a Hambro slab, it is not necessary to complete the entire deck in a single pour. In the event that the pour is interrupted parallel to the joists, the joint should be midway between the joists, but never less than 6 in. (152 mm) from the top chord in order to ensure composite action.
SYSTEM DETAIL :
SITE RESPONSE : Many restriction in building structure as the learning center located at the corner lot, utilizing the steel structure due to its flexibility and properties to maximize the design. As its high strength and durability will ensure the learning center stability , where the steel structure also has a long span characteristic.
ADVANTAGE : 1. Rigidity and strength: Enhanced strength due to composite action between the steel and concrete. 2. Long spans, Hambro joists can span up to 43 ft. (13.1 m) without shoring. 3. Requires less concrete and steel reinforcement than conventional slabs, which cuts costs and overall construction time.
DISADVANTAGE : 1. Steel is a good heat conductor, therefore additional insulation material is needed to prevent unwanted heat which will tackle the thermal comfort issue. 2. Steel structure is prone to corrosion, thus might affect the steel durability if contact with water. 3. Pre-fabricated in factory, accuracy in dimension must be correct, in case wrong dimension, framework will be returned to the factory for further adjustment.
Detail 1 : SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Detail 2 : FLOOR SECTION
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
11 STEEL COLUMN & BEAM SYSTEM DETAIL : Steel Column to Foundation Detail
Construction Step :
STEEL STUDY HOUSE II ARCHITECT
: ARCHIPELONTWEPERS
LOCATION
: LEEUWARDEN, NETHERLAND
FUNCTION
: RESIDENTIAL
Steel Column and Beam
PROJECT YEAR : 2010
INTRODUCTION : The building plot of Steel Study House nr.2 designed by Archipelontwerpers is situated on the border between the town and the open agricultural landscape which surrounds the town. The house reflects this division, the faรงade facing the town is also part of this built environment while at the opposite side however you have a wonderful view over the lake and the open field..The complete program of the house is arranged around the patio. The volume is based on a simple orthogonal grid structure of 6 x 6 meters and is linearly modulated in different zones with an alternating rhythm of outdoor and indoor spaces.
Steel as main structure due to its lightweight and longer span properties, space in between the large span of steel columns allow wider spaces within the learning center. As the learning center located at the corner lot, hence there are many space restriction, therefore utilizes steel as main structure due to its properties in allowing space flexibility
1. With an excellent strength to weight ratio, steel framing allows for greater design flexibility. 2. High carrying capacity in which the system can stand strong wind and seismic movement. 3. Easy maintenance, steel has long life span. 4. Durable, wont decay easily and cost saving.
Seated Connection
Angles are attached to the web of the beam and bolted to the flange of the column. Other way, can also bolt to the web of the column, and must also allow room for the ironworker to access the bolts for tightening
Although not designed to be moment resisting, the angle seat does provide for additional stiffness and a resting place for the beam during the erection process
Steel Column to Column Detail
SITE RESPONSE :
ADVANTAGE :
Simple Framed Connection
DISADVANTAGE : 1. Exposed structure to outdoor might suffer from corrosion when contact with water or humidity. 2. Steel strength will reduce drastically in case of high temperature such as heat from fire.
two columns that are the same size
two columns that are not the same size
There is complete alignment of the two columns for an even transfer of load. The ends are machined for proper load transfer. The attaching plates arrive on the job site welded to the lower column. The plates at the sides are bolted on to attach the two column sections together.
This often happens in buildings as the columns on the lower floors need to take more load and so are larger. Here an intermediate plate transfers the load from column to column (the flanges do not align). Additional plates are used on the sides at the flanges as permanent shims to allow the most exterior plate to align.
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FACADE DESIGN SCHEME
FACADE DESIGN SCHEME 1
VERTICAL TIMBER LOUVER
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FRONT ELEVATION 1 : 100
FACADE DESIGN SCHEME 1
VERTICAL TIMBER LOUVER
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REAR ELEVATION 1 : 100
FACADE DESIGN SCHEME 2
SUN SCREEN CLADDING SYSTEM
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FRONT ELEVATION 1 : 100
FACADE DESIGN SCHEME 2
SUN SCREEN CLADDING SYSTEM
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REAR ELEVATION 1 : 100
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SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVES
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GROUND FLOOR PLAN 1 : 200
THIRD FLOOR PLAN 1 : 200
DETAIL 1 : JOIST BEARING ON INTERIOR STEEL BEAM
DETAIL 4 : STEEL BEAM AND COLUMN CONNECTION
DETAIL 2 : I BEAM TO CONCRETE MANSONRY
DETAIL 3 : STEEL FRAMING FLOOR TO WALL
DETAIL 5 : FOUNDATION
SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE ( GROUND LEVEL )
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DETAIL 1 : SAWTOOTH ROOFING SYSTEM
DETAIL 2 : VERTICAL TIMBER LOUVER FACADE
SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE ( ROOF LEVEL )
REFERENCES 1. Cultural Center La Gota - Tobacco Museum / Losada GarcĂa. (2015, December 16). Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/778821/cultural-center-la-gota-tabacoo-museum-losada-garcia 2. K8 in Kyoto / Florian Busch Architects. (2016, January 21). Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/780743/k8-in-kyoto-florian-busch-architects 3. The CG House / Rethink Studio. (2011, October 26). Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/178820/the-cg-house-rethink-studio 4. Hambro composite floor system. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.canam-construction.com/en/construction-products/composite-floor-system/ 5. Steel Study House II / Archipelontwepers. (2011, January 20). Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/104783/steel-study-house-ii-archipelontwepers 6. Hamakareem, M. I. (2017, October 10). Construction of Steel Structure Foundations, Columns, Beams, Floors. Retrieved from https://theconstructor.org/structures/construction-steel-structure-foundations-columns-beams-floo rs/18648/ 7. Masonry Detailing Series. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://imiweb.org/masonry-detailing-series/ 8. Details for Concrete Masonry. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.angelusblock.com/products/concrete_masonry_details.cfm?phrase=corner
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