School of Architecture , Building & Design Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Architecture Building Science II(BLD 61303/ARC 3413)
PROJECT 2 : LIGHTING INTEGRATION PROJECT
NAME : RUDY IRAWAN ID : 0328658 TUTOR : MR EDWIN & MS SUJA
CONTENT : 1.0
2.0
INTRODUCTION
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1.1 Climatic Studies
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DRAWING 2.1 Overall Floor plan 2.2 Section
3.0
3.1 Daylighting Analysis
11-12
3.2 Lighting Contour
13
3.3 Type of Lamp
13 14-15
3.5 Artificial Lighting Contour Analysis & Reflected Ceiling Plan
16
3.6 PSALI Integration
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SPACE B : MEETING ROOM 4.1 Daylighting Analysis
5.0
10
SPACE A : WORKSHOP
3.4 Lumen Method Calculation
4.0
5-9
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4.2 Lighting Contour
19
4.3 Type of Lamp
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4.4 Lumen Method Calculation
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4.5 Artificial Lighting Contour Analysis & Reflected Ceiling Plan
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REFERENCES
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1.0
INTRODUCTION
Proposed learning center for all is designed as a diverge place in connecting the transient urban community in Jalan Besar Klang, as such the learning center is designed to be visually and physically permeable, allowing cross ventilation and circulatory penetration throughout the designated spaces The learning center aims to attract different types of the community which are the children,students, workers, parents and visitors. Each floor provides different spaces to fulfil their needs allowing them to linger and spend time for longer periods.
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1.1
CLIMATIC STUDIES 8AM In the morning, east side of the building receives large amount of light due to its orientation facing the northeast. With the vertical timber louver as facade which filter the incoming sunlight, excessive light is filtered before reaching the interior
12PM Sunlight is blocked by the slanted roofing style, prevents the uncomfortable glare and thermal comfort, while installation of skylight to brighten the community plaza and pocket garden in the building.
6PM Western part of the building is exposed to the incoming sun. Vertical louver and urban garden aid in diffusing sunlight passing through the side facade to reduce heat gain and glare.
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2.0
DRAWING
2.1
Overall Floor plan
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6
7
8
9
2.2
SECTION
WORKSHOP
MEETING AREA
SECTION 1 : 200
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3.0
SPACE A : WORKSHOP
3.1
DAYLIGHTING ANALYSIS
In the early stage of building design, the average daylight factor may be used to assess the adequacy of daylight. The values of these quantities are determined from the given date and W, T and R are corrected by using factors given in the the BS Daylight Code and other publication. The formula is as given: W DF=
ӨT x
A
(1 - R)
Where, W: The area of the window (m2) A: The total area of the internal surfaces (m2) T: The glass transmittance corrected for dirt Ө: Visible sky angle in degrees from the centre of the window R: The average reflectance of area, A Zone
DF (%)
Distribution
Very Bright
>6
Large (Including thermal and glare problem)
Bright
3-6
Good
Average
1-3
Fair
Dark
0-1
Poor
The daylight factor concept is applicable only when the sky illuminance distribution is known or can reasonably be estimated. In this case study, the average outdoor illuminance in Malaysia is assumed according to the standard which is 20000 lux (Refer to Table …). Luminance Level (Lux)
Example
120,000
Brightest sunlight
110,000
Bright sunlight
20,000
Shade illuminated by entire clear blue sky, midday
1000 - 2000
Typical overcast day, midday
400
Sunrise / sunset on clear day (ambient illumination)
< 200
Extreme of darkest storm clouds, midday
40
Fully overcast, sunrise / sunset
<1
Extreme of darkest storm cloud, sunrise / sunset
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Window Area exposed to sunlight, W (m2)
2(2m x 3m) = 12m2
Total Area of Internal Surface, A (m2)
2(5.7 x 10) + 2(10 x 3.4 + 5.7 x 3.4) = 220.76 m2
Glass Transmittance corrected to dirt, T
0.6
Visible sky angle in degree from the center of window, Ó¨
80
Average Reflectance of Area A, R
0.5 (considered light coloured room surface )
Average Daylight Factor
DF = (W/A) x (@T/1 - R) = (W/A) x (@T / (1-R)) = (12/ 220.76) x [ (0.6 x 80) / ( 1 - 0.5) = 5.2 %
Natural Illumination
DF = Ei/Eo x 100% 5.2 = (Ei / 20000) x 100% Ei = 1040 lux
According to MS1525, the selected space which is a workshop for community has daylight factor of 5.2% which is considered good distribution of light. However artificial lights are needed as this space does not received much light in the afternoon due to its location at the back part of the building. Installation of light filter such as louver to control the uncomfortable glare problem is needed.
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3.2
LIGHTING CONTOUR
As seen in the lighting contour, the side is the brightest part of the space as it allows light penetration. This area is indicated by warm tones. The colour gradually changes while approaching the back part as the space gets darker, indicated by cool tones.
3.3
TYPE OF LAMP
Type of fixture
LED Pendant Light Fixture
Image of Fixture
Size
1200mm x 600mm
Type of luminous
Warm White
Power (W)
30W
Luminous flux of lighting, F(lm)
2500
Colour temperature (K)
3000k
Colour rendering index
82
Average life rate (hrs)
15000 hours
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3.4
LUMEN METHOD CALCULATION
Lumen method is applied to calculate the light level in a room. A series of calculation that uses horizontal luminance criteria to establish a uniform luminaire layout in a space. It can be calculated by dividing the total number of lumens available in a space by the area of the space. The calculation is shown as below
E = n x N x F x UF x LLF A Where E n N F UF LLF A
= Average illuminance to cover the space = Number of lamps of each luminaire = Number of luminance = Lighting design lumens per lamp. I.e. initial bare lamp luminous = Utilization factor for the horizontal working plane = Light loss factor = Area of the horizontal working plane
Besides, Lumen method can be also calculated and used to determine the number of lights should be installed on site. To know the number of lamps, calculation of total luminance of the space need to be done based on the number of fixtures and examine the sufficiency of light fixtures on that particular space.
N=
ExA F x UF x MF
Where N = number of lamps required E = illuminance level required (lux) A = area at working plane height (m2) F = average luminous flux from each lamp (lm) UF = utilization factor, an allowance for the light distribution of the luminaire and the room surfaces. MF = maintenance factor, an allowance for reduced light output because of deterioration and dirt *MF = LLF (light loss factor)
Room Index Room Index, RI, is the ratio of room plan area to half wall area between the working and luminaire planes. Which can be calculated by
RI =
LxW Hm x (L + W)
Where L = Length of room W = Width of room Hm = Mounting height, the vertical distance between the working plane and the luminaire
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Dimensions of room (m2)
L - 10m W - 5.7m
Total floor area (m2)
57
Height of ceiling (m)
3.4
Luminous flux of lighting, F(lm)
2500
Height of luminaires (m)
3.4
Height of working plane (m)
0.75
Mounting height (Hm)
3.4 - 0.75 = 2.65
Standard illumination required according to MS1525 and JKR
300 (workshop)
Reflectance factor
Ceiling (White plastered ceiling) = 0.7 Wall (White painted wall) = 0.5 Floor (Cement) = 0.2
Room Index, RI (K)
RI = L x W Hm x (L + W) RI = 10 x 5.7 / 2.65 (10 + 5.7) = 1.37
Utilization factor, UF
0.53
Maintenance factor, MF
0.8 (Standard)
Number of fittings required, N
N=
ExA F x UF x MF
N = (300 x 57) / (2500 x 0.53 x 0.8) = 16.13 = 16 lamps
Fitting layout (Fluorescent lamp, where Sᵐᵃˣ is maximum spacing, m)
Sᵐᵃˣ = 1.5 × Hᵐ = 1.5 × 2.65 = 3.975 Distance between lights is not greater than 3.975m.
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3.5
ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING CONTOUR ANALYSIS & REFLECTED CEILING PLAN
The lighting contour shows that the space is generally well illuminated throughout with the implementation of LED Pendant Light Fixture
Light Fitting Spacing Diagram: The reflected ceiling plan of the workshop shows that proposed light fitting spacing complying to the Sᵐᵃˣ of 3.975m calculated previously. 16 lamps are installed 0.975 to 1.25m apart from each other.
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3.6
PSALI INTEGRATION
The concept of PSALI is to utilize daylight to its maximum and supplement that with artificial lighting only when required. After determining the spacing layout and comparing the lighting contour of daylight and artificial light, the wiring of the light fixture is determined. 1
2
3
4
8AM Morning sun filtrate in through the side part of the building, therefore half of the workshop space is illuminated. only fixtures connecting to SW1 are switched on in order to save energy and to ensure the combination of natural lighting and artificial lighting is distributed evenly across the space.
11AM - 12PM Fixtures connected to SW 2 is on to brighten the space, as the sunlight is blocked by the roofing and limit the sunlight to filtrate in the interior space
1PM - 6PM Adjacent buildings block the sunlight from the western part, thus all fixtures connected to SW1, SW2, and SW3 are switched on to brighten the space
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4.0
SPACE B : MEETING AREA
4.1
DAYLIGHTING ANALYSIS
Window Area exposed to sunlight, W (m2)
2(2 x 1.5) = 6m2
Total Area of Internal Surface, A (m2)
2(5 x 4.4) + 2(5 x 3.4 + 4.4 x3.4) = 107.92m2
Glass Transmittance corrected to dirt, T
0.6
Visible sky angle in degree from the center of window, Ó¨
72
Average Reflectance of Area A, R
0.5 (considered light coloured room surface )
Average Daylight Factor
DF = (W/A) x (@T/1 - R) = (W/A) x (@T / (1-R)) = (6/ 107.92) x [ (0.6 x 72) / ( 1 - 0.5) = 4.8 %
Natural Illumination
DF = Ei/Eo x 100% 4.8 = (Ei / 20000) x 100% Ei = 960 lux
The meeting room has a distribution daylight factor of 4.8%, having standard room illumination levels that recommended by MS 1525. Bright space suitable for meeting area, where excessive light is filtered by the installed vertical timber louver as facade at the side.
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4.2
LIGHTING CONTOUR
The lighting contour proves that the vertical timber louvre screen system has effectively controlled the amount of light entering this space, thus effectively resolving problems relating to glare.
4.3
TYPE OF LAMP
Type of fixture
Non-replaceable LED Module
Image of Fixture
Size
Diameter 30cm
Type of luminous
Warm White
Power (W)
30W
Luminous flux of lighting, F(lm)
2000
Colour temperature (K)
3100K
Colour rendering index
80
Average life rate (hrs)
31000 hours
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4.4
LUMEN METHOD CALCULATION
Dimensions of room (m2)
L - 4.4m W - 5m
Total floor area (m2)
22
Height of ceiling (m)
3.4
Luminous flux of lighting, F(lm)
2000
Height of luminaires (m)
3.4
Height of working plane (m)
0.8
Mounting height (Hm)
3.4 - 0.8 = 2.6
Standard illumination required according to MS1525 and JKR
300
Reflectance factor
Ceiling (White plastered ceiling) = 0.7 Wall (White painted wall) = 0.5 Floor (Cement) = 0.2
Room Index, RI (K)
RI = L x W Hm x (L + W) RI = 4.4 x 5 / 2.6 (4.4 + 5) = 1.1
Utilization factor, UF
0.48
Maintenance factor, MF
0.8 (Standard)
Number of fittings required, N
N=
ExA F x UF x MF
N = (300 x 22) / 2000 x 0.48 x 0.8) = 8.59 = 9 lamps
Fitting layout (where Sᵐᵃˣ is maximum spacing, m)
Sᵐᵃˣ = 1.0 × Hᵐ = 1.0 × 2.6 = 2.6 Distance between lights is not greater than 2.6m.
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4.5
ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING CONTOUR ANALYSIS & REFLECTED CEILING PLAN
The lighting contour shows that the space is generally well illuminated throughout with the implementation of Non-replaceable LED Module
Light Fitting Spacing Diagram: The reflected ceiling plan of the Meeting Room shows that proposed light fitting spacing complying to the Sᵐᵃˣ of 2.6m calculated previously. 9 lamps are installed 0.625 to 1.875m apart from each other.
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5.0
REFERENCES
1. Ander, G. (2003). Daylighting performance and design. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons 2. Lighting and Daylighting Design | Sustainability Workshop. (2013). Sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com. Retrieved 28 June 2018, from https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/lighting-and-daylighting-desig n 3. Light Reflectance Values. (n.d.). Retrieved 28 June, 2018, from http://www.caseydoors.ire/light-reflectance-values/ 4. Department of Standards Malaysia (2007). CODE OF PRACTICE ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND USE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR NON-RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS (FIRST REVISION). N.p, Department of Standards Malaysia, Retrieved from www.msonline.gov.my
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