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8GEGU VG SWKGTQ Porque me importas y me importabas te lo demostrarĂŠ de la forma mĂĄs sencilla y primitiva que saber sĂŠ. Porque me importas te lo demostrarĂŠ para que me veas hermoso y fuerte. Porque me importa quererte y que te sepas querida te ofrecerĂŠ mi sudor, mi cansancio, mi jadeo. Te lo demostrarĂŠ cada vez que vaya a verte. SerĂĄn doce veces antes de hacerte mĂ­a. Cada una de todas las veces habrĂŠ pensado largo en ti. Te habrĂŠ comparado con los colores del cielo, los aromas del aire, los sonidos de los pĂĄjaros y del viento. Porque sentado en el sillĂ­n de mi bicicleta para ir a verte te habrĂŠ recordado, querido y deseado. Pude haber elegido otro modo de acercarme a ti. MĂĄs rĂĄpido y elegante. Alguien me dijo que tambiĂŠn mĂĄs limpio, pero no pude saber limpio para quiĂŠn. Pero elegĂ­ la bicicleta porque pensĂŠ que me hacĂ­a mĂĄs digno de ti. Porque creĂ­ que un encuentro con mi amada debĂ­a de ir precedido por un pensamiento largo con ella, mientras el rumor de los arroyos me hablaba de ella, la sombra de los caminos me la disputaba, el paso por los pueblos me la acercaba. Porque con aquella bicicleta me sabĂ­a mĂĄs fuerte y asĂ­ poderte enseĂąar mi fuerza, mĂĄs bello y que me pudieras contemplar, mĂĄs yo y que me supieras distinguir. Doce veces fui a verte, Âżrecuerdas?. DecĂ­as que estaba loco porque al verme me veĂ­as cansado por las horas pedaleando, curtido por el sol, algunas veces empapado por la lluvia. Pero sabĂ­as lo que aquello significaba, sabĂ­as lo que para mĂ­ significaba aquel esfuerzo por alcanzar estar contigo. Significaba que aquel esfuerzo me habĂ­a hecho digno de contemplarte y de abrazarte. Significaba que tĂş te sabĂ­as feliz porque te sabĂ­as amada por mi esfuerzo. Ha pasado el tiempo y ya no necesito subir en mi bicicleta para volver a verte y estar contigo. Pero esta bici nuestra continĂşa cerca de nuestro corazĂłn porque los dos sabemos que ella nos sirviĂł para demostrarte mi amor y que tĂş te supieras amada. Porque aquella bicicleta creo que se sabĂ­a herramienta de nuestro cariĂąo. Porque aquella bicicleta con tres piĂąones tuvo un hermano y en estos momentos son testigos de nuestras miradas, de nuestras complicidades. Ahora comparten con nosotros los nuevos paisajes descubiertos, esas playas que sĂłlo nosotros conocemos, esas personas a las que nos acercamos y que sĂłlo a la grupa de una bicicleta nos podrĂ­amos acercar y conocer. Conocen nuestras limitaciones y ahora esas limitaciones nos hacen amarnos mĂĄs. Conocen nuestros pensamientos secretos y conocen porque nos han oĂ­do contarlo lo que me importas. Ellas transportĂĄndonos a lugares que hemos hecho nuestros aunque no tengamos comprobante de propiedad nos han dado la fuerza y la sabidurĂ­a para expresar nuestros sentimientos.


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