Building Technologist Technology periodical forA(BouT) the Building featuring TU Delft, Saeki , Jasmine Wong , Dr. Holger Strauß, Neolithic , Royal HaskoningDHV, Jansen AG , The University of Hong Kong ,& BouT BT Spotlight featuring Ece Sel , Carmen Guchelaar , Véronique van Minkelen , Kuba Wyszomirski
84. Additive Manufacturing
Cover page Robotic Digital manufacturing – Concrete formwork The cover image shows a robot by SAEKI producing a polymer 3D-printed formwork, to create a concrete waffled panel. Saeki is a fast-growing digital fabrication startup based in Zurich. With their micro-factories, they deliver digitally manufactured large-scale polymer products for the construction industry and beyond. Unlike traditional techniques, a freeform shape can be achieved. Saeki’s robot builds the required formwork layer by layer from a digital model. After the print, the outside surface can be milled by the same robot, to achieve the desired textural surface.
@saekirobotics https://www.saeki.ch/
RUMOER 84 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2nd Quarter 2024 29th year of publication RuMoer RuMoer is the primary publication of the student and practice association for Building Technology ‘Praktijkvereniging BouT’ at the TU Delft Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment. BouT is an organisation run by students and focused on bringing students in contact with the latest developments in the field of Building Technology and with related companies. Every edition is covering one topic related to Building technology. Different perspectives are shown while focussing on academic and graduation topics, companies, projects and interviews. With the topic 'Additive Manufacturing', we are publishing our 84th edition. Praktijkvereniging BouT Room 02.West.090 Faculty of Architecture, TU Delft Julianalaan 134 2628 BL Delft The Netherlands
Circulation The RuMoer appears 3 times a year, with more than 150 printed copies and digital copies made available to members through online distribution. Membership Amounts per academic year (subject to change): € 10,Students € 30,PhD Students and alumni € 30,Academic Staff Single copies Available at Bouw Shop (BK) for : € 5,Students €10,Academic Staff , PhD Students and alumni Sponsors Praktijkvereniging BouT is looking for sponsors. Sponsors make activities possible such as study trips, symposia, case studies, advertisements on RuMoer, lectures and much more.
www.praktijkverenigingbout.nl rumoer@praktijkverenigingbout.nl instagram: @bout_tud
For more info contact BouT: info@praktijkverenigingbout.nl
Printing www.printerpro.nl
If you are interested in BouT's sponsor packages, send an e-mail to: finances@praktijkverenigingBouT.nl
Interested to join? The Rumoer Committee is open to all students. Are you a creative student that is eager to learn about the latest achievements of TU Delft and Building Technology industry? Come join us at our weekly meeting or email us at rumoer@praktijkverenigingbout.nl
Disclamer The editors do not take any responsibility for the photos and texts that are displayed in the magazine. Images may not be used in other media without permission of the original owner. The editors reserve the right to shorten or refuse publication without prior notification.
CONTENT 06
The built environment - Prof. Dr.Ing Ulrich K naack TU Delft Academic Article
14
3D printing of recyclable composite material - Liesbeth Tromp & Carlita Vis Royal HaskoningDHV Project Article
24
Breaking ground with Bamboo - Jasmine Wong TU Delft Graduate Article
32
Digital concrete production - Chris Aerts, Jeroen Veger Neolithic Company Article
38
AM Envelope 2023 - Dr. Holger Strauß, Innobuild GmbH TU Delft Graduate Article
48
Study viss3 free form façade - Sebastian Thieme Jansen AG Project Article
54
Saeki
- Matthias Leschok Saeki Company Article
62 72
Traditional house of the future - Lidia Ratoi, John Lin The University of Hong K ong Project article
Rott-up
- Ece Sel MEGA project - TU Delft BT Spotlight article
78
Buffering Oasis - Carmen Guchelaar Extreme technology - TU Delft BT Spotlight article
82
Makers$Future - Véronique van Minkelen MEGA project - TU Delft BT Spotlight article
88
Resilient rural housing - K uba Wyszomirski Extreme technology - TU Delft BT Spotlight article
94
Debut 2024 - Ece Sel and Sander Bentvelsen Praktijkvereniging Bout TU Delft
100
Bout Events and Trips - Praktijkvereniging Bout TU Delft
Editorial
EDITORIAL Dear reader, It is with great pleasure that I present to you the 84th edition of RuMoer: Additive Manufacturing. Bryan
Daniel
Fieke
Mauritz
Pavan
Ramya
Rossella
Shreya
Swornava
In the ever-evolving realm of technology, we witness continual advancements in the potential methods of constructing buildings. Innovative approaches such as Additive Manufacturing utilizing novel materials, empower architects and engineers to select construction methods tailor-made for their designs. This not only enriches architectural creativity but also contributes to enhanced building performance in areas like sustainability, structural efficiency, improved indoor climates, and the facilitation of true freeform architecture. In the 84th edition , we explore the integration of Additive
Rumoer committee 2023-2024
Manufacturing, opening up a multitude of possibilities for refining architectural engineering in future designs.
This edition also marks the expansion of the RuMoer With the previous issue,we introduced the BT Spotlight
committee. I would like to welcome the new members:
section in the periodical, showcasing the exceptional
Daniel, Rossella, Mauritz and Swornava to our growing
work of the Building Technology master track students.
team. Furthermore, I would like to acknowledge the
This initiative garnered overwhelming appreciation and
dedicated members of the RuMoer committee who
recognition from companies and universities alike. With
consistently work towards enhancing the quality of the
this edition, we are thrilled to showcase projects from the
periodical.
integrated design studios of the master track– the MEGA project and the Extreme technology. We hope these
We hope you enjoy this edition.
projects assist the aspiring students in making informed choices for elective courses and also inspire and inform
Ramya Kumaraswamy
readers about the Building Technology master track.
Editor-in-chief | RuMoer 2023-2024
5
THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT Conversation with Prof. Dr. Ing Ulrich Knaack at TU Delft The Genesis of 3D printing in the Built Environment at TU Delft For me, the whole thing started with Marcel Bilow, who asked me to help finance the first 3D printer at the University we were working at that time. And, after we managed to get the first plastic printer, Marcel directly developed the first objects to be printed during the Christmas break – impressive results back then. The device, which cost 100 times that of currently available plastic printers, had a volume of two cubic meters for a print space of 20 x 20 x 20 cm. This describes how the technology evolved over the last decades - not only in terms of available materials but also in terms of volume and costs.
Fig. 1: Wood knot at BE-AM 2022 © U.K naack
QR : BE-AM Symposium
84 | Additive Manufacturing
Navigating Skepticism and overcoming challenges
Advancements in metal printing
A second story of the time: we talked to specialists in
The next material field in use is metals. Utilizing laser
additive manufacturing and learned that printing for
sintering technology, highly complex stainless steel or
the built environment would not work due to the wrong
aluminum components are developed. These components
materials and the industry’s attitude:
can be found in our built environment as complex geometry nodes for structures or facade systems. Some
" Printing aluminium will never work, physically impossible -
of our PhDs in Delft have made significant contributions
you are just crazy! "
to the development of these components, participating in product developments. Currently, we have about three available technical solutions: free-form stick systems
Well, we now see that it is possible to print aluminium in
with 3D printed nodes. This approach allows us to keep
various ways. And we see building products being printed.
the main system simple and use conventional components by shifting the complexity to the 3D printed nodes.
Lesson learned: Do not always trust specialists; give it a try yourself!
In the next step, the same geometry concepts were applied to stainless steel solutions. Lia Tramontini is
The evolution of materials and applications in
finishing an interesting PhD on this in Delft, in cooperation
construction
with an industry partner. She is transferring her work into
We observe a wide variety of printing materials, including
a market-ready product. Additionally, she has introduced
polymers/plastics in various printing technologies,
the possibility to print any free-form polymer gasket,
mineral materials, and metals. Concrete printing—
which makes sense given the complexity of the load-
extruding fluid concrete with a robot-controlled extruder
bearing parts and the drainage needs of the facades.
in defined geometries—remains a leading technology for the built environment. In research, this is significantly driven by places like Eindhoven, Braunschweig, München, and Copenhagen. We also witness the first industries adapting the technology and offering substantial construction dimensions to the market. The key challenge, after solving the geometry and material properties, is reinforcements. In this regard, the mentioned research environments are competing to find a solution for not only short-fiber metal but also proper reinforcement systems. Patents are pending, but we have yet to see practical applications
8
Fig. 2: Jansen Facade at Glasstec Düsseldorf 2022 © U.K naack
these lines are transformed into ceramics. In Delft, we
comes into play. We all remember the 3D-printed steel
developed a sample redefining our blue tiles – now
bridge in Amsterdam, which took a while to build and
with complex geometries and patterns on the surface,
evaluate. It functioned as a pedestrian bridge for a while
glazed with pigments, and installed as facade cladding.
but is unfortunately now being deconstructed. What
Alongside this, in a parallel project, we are establishing
makes this technology suitable for our built environment
components with additional functions.
Academic
Moving forward, Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)
is that we are accustomed to welding technology in the building industry. Welding is something we know, with
Venturing into unconventional territories : Polymers,
the only difference being that it is now operated by a
Timber and Glass
robot, making us feel comfortable with it. Of course,
In the field of polymers, we observe the most profound
there is still a lot of research to be done to identify the
developments in printing technologies, leading to a wide
best welding parameters, material performances, and the
variety of opportunities in use: shading components, full
environmental impact of this technology. Nevertheless,
wall systems integrating insulation, and the integration
we see a significant number of projects developing –
of fluids to control energy harvesting and transport in
not only bridges but also facade components, spider
facades are concepts under development. However, we
connectors, and free-form nodes for complex structures.
still encounter challenges with UV, fire, and durability – which is logical when considering the typical lifespan of
The next stop is ceramics! It employs a similar extrusion
buildings and building components.
technology as for concrete but with a different curing process. This involves printing larger geometries for clay
Yet, we have learned not to halt our investigations when
structures, such as entire buildings, or finely defined
things get complicated in the initial steps. Michela Turrin
objects with thin extruded lines of clay. In a firing process,
and I have come across numerous MSc theses that develop interesting ideas – one of them involving the printing of timber! Here, we are referring to timber made of fibers and lignin with no additional adhesive. Solutions found in one thesis and application concepts developed in the next two are now awaiting the creation of the first serious building component. Concurrently, I am involved in a PhD thesis about printing paper as volumetric objects: a similar journey of making the material printable, identifying material performance, and finally, applying it. Finally, the most complex material to print is glass. In this
Fig. 3: Jansen Facade at Glasstec Düsseldorf 2022 © U.K naack
case, we are dealing with temperatures around 1000°C.
9
84 | Additive Manufacturing Fig.4: Wood printing experiments © U.K naack
Fig. 5: Caustic brick concepts © U.K naack
10
We need to develop a print environment that allows us
services,
to handle this temperature while still controlling the
consideration to printing materials solely for the purpose
geometry. Thus, we see glass being cast into 3D-printed
of replacing complex or otherwise impossible-to-
molds or glass ropes being heated and printed into
make components does not do justice to the topic. The
volumes. Apart from creating the objects themselves, the
next field of interest should be exploring the potential
complexity of printing on surfaces (glass plates) with all
for integrating additional functionality into building
the thermal stresses poses a significant challenge
components—addressing structural, building-physical,
distribution.
However,
limiting
our
Academic
and
and functional aspects. Consideration of 3D printing for construction When contemplating this, we can identify numerous
Moreover, it's crucial to assess the actual environmental
areas for future research on various topics. These include
impact. While we often argue that less material is needed
material performances, the application of printing
for a complex printed component, we lack a relevant
technologies in our industry, and discussions about
estimation of the energy required for its manufacture.
potential product applications, including warranties,
Simultaneously, we've learned that transport energy
Fig. 6: Concept of printed brick © U.K naack
11
84 | Additive Manufacturing Fig. 7: Annual BE-AM exhibition in Frankfurt 2023. © U.K naack
12
Academic
constitutes a significant part of the environmental impact. In this regard, additive manufacturing with local production plans might present an opportunity for digitally-driven international engineering with local manufacturing—an intriguing concept for our building industry BE-AM Event : Showcasing the Future of Construction Technology
Ulrich Knaack
In closing, I'd like to share about an event. Please consider
@bk.tudelft
assessing our BE-AM event and exhibition, which takes
Prof. Knaack is a Professor
place in November annually at the international trade show
of Design of Construction
formNEXT in Frankfurt. Explore cutting-edge research
in
and products in the realm of the built environment. Stay
Architectural Engineering +
informed with our regularly updated webpage, featuring a
Technology.
map of active individuals in the field. Scan QR code on the
lies in the foundations of
introduction page to acces the webpage.
construction, materials, and
the
Department His
of
expertise
joint applications. Research focuses on glass, facades, system
construction,
organizational
and
aspects.
Notable contributions include work on economical doubleskin
facades,
integrated
building
installations,
and
systems
facade
free-form,
for
ICT-driven
architecture.
The
chair
emphasizes the integration of research and education, guiding practical
students
through
applications
of
research results in largescale implementations.
13
3D PRINTING OF RECYCLABLE COMPOSITE MATERIAL Liesbeth Tromp & Carlita Vis, Royal HaskoningDHV As part of the digital workflow: applied innovation in infrastructure Workflows in infrastructure are becoming more and more digital with every project. Although every project is still unique, the workflows are similar. Standardisation and automation are more relevant than ever to create better and more sustainable designs. Robotised manufacturing and assembly will eventually seamlessly connect the digital design workflows with the production stage. And ultimately digital twins will then allow efficient life cycle management in the digital environment of the objects in the operational phase.
Fig. 1: 4 m span demonstrator - Z-connection and diamond cross section © RHDHV
QR : Link to RHDHV website
84 | Additive Manufacturing
Royal HaskoningDHV (RHDHV) explores the emerging
applications, i.e. moisture and temperature resistant as
technologies to learn and contribute to developing
well as robust. The fire retardancy should be reasonable
effective and efficient digital workflows to realise
to high (anti-vandalism). UV resistance could be taken
our sustainability goals. How do we organise such
care of by a coating; however, the material itself should
workflows? How will this affect our ways of working, our
have some UV resistance as well. Materials such as
responsibilities, and what skills need to be developed
nylons for example have a high enough thermal stability,
within project teams?
but the mechanical properties are significantly reduced by
As a case study, RHDHV has investigated the potential
moisture absorption. The selected material for this case
of using 3D printing of recyclable composite materials
study was a glass fibre reinforced thermoplastic polymer,
for circularity and sustainability in the design and
PET, in this article also referred to as circular composite.
manufacturing of pedestrian bridges. 3D printing is a form
The addition of short glass fibres (on average 0.3 mm
of robotised additive manufacturing, in which the design
length) increases stiffness and strength significantly.
and production are highly connected. Introducing new materials and technologies means that new players enter
The expected design life of the bridge is 50 – 100 years.
the infrastructure eco-system and responsibilities need
Because of its low weight, the bridge as a whole can be
to be relocated when material, design and production
easily relocated to fully make use of the design life. At
are so closely linked. This article discusses the impact
the end-of-life, the bridge can be shredded, and the
and challenges the highly integrated Design for Additive
composite material can be upcycled and re-used for new,
Manufacturing (i.e 3D printing) has on the RHDHV project
3D printed high-end structures.
team and collaborations. If we want to achieve our net-zero goals for 2050, we need to accelerate the process for development and implementation of innovative solutions. In this article we share our insights and lessons learned. Our journey : Material Our journey started with the ambition to create a 3D printed fully circular composite pedestrian bridge. The first step was the selection of the material. The main criterion for the material is circularity, but for the application in the bridge the material must be lightweight have high strength, high stiffness and suitable for outdoor
16
Fig.2: 1 m span demonstrator -principal stress based cross section © RHDHV
A demonstrator specimen of 1 m span was printed and the
In several development steps (sprints) we learned by
design performed well structurally. However, we learned
doing, creating larger and more complex demonstrators
from this test that continuity and avoiding crossing print
with each sprint. We went from a 1 m bridge to a 2 m
paths in the cross section are preferred to avoid smearing
bridge, a 4 m bridge, working towards a 6 m bridge.
of the printed material. In addition, when considering
Project
Concept development
strategies on how to further demonstrate the load bearing During the printing the material exits a very narrow nozzle,
capacity and reliability of the structure, the complex infill
which causes the short fibres to align. The resulting
of this concept introduces a lot of uncertainties. For future
material is very orthotropic, meaning much stiffer and
designs we decided to simplify the infill, making the
stronger in print direction than the transverse direction.
structure less sensitive to different loading conditions and
The structural design and geometry are aligned with these
allowing for demonstration of the load bearing capacity
very characteristic material properties.
based on a simple component test.
In the 1 m specimen we explored the principal stress-
We optimised the cross section in our 2 m and 4 m span
concept. Materials in general perform best when axially
demonstrators. We varied the infill, but in all concepts, we
loaded rather than in bending, so choosing a structural
aligned the printing direction of the top and bottom skin
geometry following the lines of principal stress implies a
of the deck in the spanwise direction, aligning maximum
high degree of material efficiency.
strength and stiffness of the material with the highest loads.
Fig.3: 2 m span demonstrator -vierendeel cross section © RHDHV
Fig.4: 4 m span demonstrator - Z-connection and diamond cross section © RHDHV
17
84 | Additive Manufacturing
Challenges in 3D printing of circular composites
structure out of several smaller elements.
The main challenge when increasing the scale of the structure turned out to be the thermal management of
To maintain a print path within the allowable layer
the printing process. An important design parameter for
timeframe while aligning the fibers partly to the main
3D printing of circular composites is the layer time, i.e the
loading direction, the print plane can be rotated in the
time frame in which the extruder passes the same location
horizontal plane (45 degrees in top view, like herringbone
to deposit the next layer. To obtain a good layer-to-layer
pattern) or vertical plane (reclining for example under
bond, the receiving layer may not cool below a certain
45 degree). But even with these compromises, due to
temperature.
the local load requirement, we were not able to achieve the required deck dimensions and infill geometry without
The longer the print path in a cross section, and the
spanwise segmentation. For the spanwise connection a
more complex the geometry (i.e. changes in direction),
hybrid adhesive/mechanically interlocking system was
the longer the resulting layer time. Because pedestrian
developed. The resulting geometry for the 6 m bridge
bridges need to be able to resist highly localised loads,
had 0-degree rotation in the top view and a 45-degree
the infill that supports the top skin to carry the traffic loads
rotation in the vertical plane, see Figure 4.
and point loads as prescribed in the design codes needs to be rather finely distributed, resulting in long print paths
To reduce the risks of damage of the top skin under
per cross section.
localised loads and to strengthen the structure and the connections, it was decided to apply a thin 3 mm
In future the layer time restraint might be resolved
continuous glass fibre reinforced layer on the top skin as
for example by advanced thermal management or
reinforcement.
investments in printing equipment, but at the time, in our prototyping phase, we were limited in our options.
The
To reduce the layer time, we were forced to build our
undesirable in a digital workflow, because it introduces
Fig.5: 6 m demonstrator - diamond infill, 45-degree rotation vertical plane © RHDHV
18
reinforcement
layer
and
segmentation
are
be connected. Therefore the resulting complex geometry, the connections and the assembly involved introduce high
Unfortunately, the bridge was only able to sustain the load for no longer than approximately 30 minutes. After some sustained loading with its maximum test load of 6
geometric requirements, i.e. low production tolerances.
kN/m2 the bridge failed at one of the connections.
A full-scale test was performed where the bridge was
Detailed inspection after the test exposed that during the
loaded with the full distributed load of 5 kN/m2, with an additional factor of 1.2, to take into account some material uncertainties, see Figure 5. The initial response of the bridge was as expected, with slightly higher deflections (+ 10%) which can be explained by the connections.
Project
assembly, and some preprocessing. All print paths must
printing not all print paths had connected, greatly affecting the structural capacity. This possibly also contributed to the 10% higher deflections that were measured. Even when a small number of required connections are missed, such local defect is unacceptable. Future needs This case study was an exciting journey which showed learning by doing generates numerous insights in just a few development steps. The main conclusion is that demanding applications and complex geometries such as required for large scale 3D printed structural applications, such as the pedestrian bridge as presented here, require accurate manufacturing and high quality control. Furthermore, it could also be the case that thermal
Fig.6: Fully loaded 6 m demonstrator © RHDHV
Fig.7 & 8: 6 m demonstrator after failure at 1.2 x 5kN/m2 load, overview (left) and detail of failed section (right) © RHDHV
19
84 | Additive Manufacturing
stresses that were locked in during the manufacturing
choice for material and print strategy made, as they are so
contributed to the lower load bearing capacity. The glass
fundamentally part of all design choices?
fibre reinforced PET material that was used, though very strong and stiff, also means that higher thermal stresses
Because of the direct transfer of information, drawings
get locked in during the printing and subsequent cooling
are replaced by digital models and codes, transferred
down, where a softer material such as PETG might be more
without further detailed instructions, as (ideally) all
forgiving. Developments with continuous fibre reinforced
instructions are captured in the codes. If it is preferred
thermoplastic tapes could also provide interesting options
to create reference designs, for decision making upon
for optimizing the structure. Further research in this field
investments by asset owners and with which consortia of
is needed to be able to derive appropriate materials and
contractors can tender, then tools need to be developed
the associated production settings and design limits.
to incorporate printer settings and material properties and translate these (through preferably automated and
The future for 3D printing in infrastructure is very positive,
calibrated computational coding) into the final geometry
driven by the need for circular, sustainable solutions.
as well as printer settings (G-code).
The technology is rapidly maturing and new material formulations,
printing
and
integrated
datalogging
systems are put on the market since then.
In traditional processes the contractor is responsible for construction and makes the necessary, usually small, adaptations in the final design stage. The designer-
Changes in responsibilities and value chain
engineer role is not solely creating structurally feasible
Traditional construction involves a linear process with
designs but also coming up with a matching printing
various moments to reflect, check and adapt during
strategy that fit the printer settings of materials and
design and construction stages. Different materials,
extruders. As the design goes directly to the 3D printer,
equipment and skillsets are involved in various project
the contractor-manufacturer needs to be involved early
stages. Information is transferred from the engineer to
in the design process, to make sure the design is easy to
the contractor to the people in the production facilities
produce and assemble and is in line with the installation
or at the site. Structural Additive Manufacturing is a more
strategy. Therefore, the manufacturing, assembly and
continuous and direct process. From the overall geometric
installation strategy are more fundamentally embedded
layout up to the tiniest detail, everything is the result of
in the structural design. Hence the liability shifts towards
a single source of code fed directly from the engineer’s
designer and engineer and roles merge.
design to the robot, preferably printed in one go. Circularity is more thoroughly embedded in the value
20
Material and processing skill sets have been translated
chain responsibilities, adding recycling companies to the
into design values and printing process parameters.
eco-system. How will we control the time delay between
The main question is at what stage of the design is the
construction and end-of-life? How can we keep track
Additive Manufacturing. To be able to scale up, we need
making optimum use of the quality of the material,
to know the thermal effects in the production stage, as
rather than making conservative assumptions or more
well as manage the thermal state of the material during
frequently upcycling of materials, which increases the
production. Preferably technological solutions become
footprint? These are important questions that still need to
available where the design becomes independent of the
be resolved.
printing layer time.
Digital twins and life cycle management
To
Circularity means closing the loop: looking into the
demonstration of performance of a structure, data logging
whole life cycle and not only the production phase. The
and fully integrated and automated quality control are
performance of the asset and the ‘embedded value’ of
important requirements to achieve an optimal digital
the material need to be known. Sensor techniques can be
workflow for circular composites. In other industries we
fairly easily applied to establish a digital twin which can
see great examples of optimizing these processes with
give the asset manager the necessary information. This
artificial intelligence.
reduce
the
amount
of
testing
and
Project
of the quality of the recycled (mixed) materials whilst
physical
ranges from basic information such as usage of the bridge and environmental data, to more operation-based data
In theory 3D printing of circular composite pedestrian
such as the relation between temperature, deflection
bridges can be achieved in a near full digital workflow.
and stresses. A digital twin predicts the residual lifetime
Through scripting the different interfaces for data
based on usage and external influences and warns the
transference can be generated. On the short term
asset manager in case of excessive use. This automated
however full circularity in a single component bridge as
process potentially leads to targeted inspections only. Conclusions What we took from our journey is that it confirmed the high potential of digital workflows and 3D printing for infrastructure. It can save time and effort and creates an interesting new distribution of responsibilities. We learned that there is indeed a large degree of freedom in form, however other aspects involved in the design, such as automation, modularity, quality control, may favour more standardised geometries. We need to especially much better understand all production settings to translate into design rules for
Fig.9: Printing of the architectural 3D printed handrail (bridge Putten) © RHDHV
21
84 | Additive Manufacturing
part of a fully digital workflow seems not yet feasible.
Automated processes result in more standardised
Further development is needed to get to the scale of
modular designs that can be applied in a large set of
economically viable circular products as bridges but large
construction projects. Responsibility and liability in
scale Additive Manufacturing is ever progressing and
automated construction shift to the designers and
improvements in materials and equipment are rapidly put
engineers, since they are in control of design outcomes.
on the market.
As the industry shifts to a more product-based approach, the challenge for engineering and architecture firms will
In the meantime further experience in Design for Additive
be to reskill their workforces and hire the right talent to
Manufacturing, production settings and tolerance control
design in this new setting.
is gained working on smaller components such as the decks (under construction) and architectural handrail for
Appeal
a small circular bridge in Putten (the Netherlands), see
To achieve our net-zero goals for 2050, we need to
Figure 10 and Figure 11.
develop new low emission solutions and implement them faster than we were used to. Applied innovation such as
Digital workflows can and will fundamentally change
this case study are an effective way to verify the potential
the role of an engineer in the construction industry. For
of concepts or emerging technology and identify missing
decades, engineers have been responsible for creating
links in a relatively short time frame. Even if the 6 m test
designs and specifications for individual projects:
did not fulfill the structural test it clearly demonstrated the
each design optimised to meet the projects unique
items that need further improvement and some of the main
requirements.
challenges, giving direction to further developments.
Fig.10 & 11: Architectural 3D printed hand rail (bridge Putten), unique shapes (left) and formfitting parts (right) © RHDHV
22
Project
In the traditional way of working, we have been trained to become risk averse, and therefore avoid the unknown. However, to contribute to the transition towards sustainable solutions we need partners and clients who are open for innovations and become part of the development team. The unknown has risks, but also holds potential solutions. It is up to us to apply our (engineering) skills and develop focused, step-by-step approaches to tackle the unknows, develop and demonstrate suitability and reliability of new solutions.
Carlita Vis
Liesbeth Tromp
@Royal HaskoningDHV
@Royal HaskoningDHV
&
Liesbeth
is
We try, we may fail, we learn, we improve, we share. This
Carlita
is
Innovations
Technical Director of Mobility
Engineer
with
article is both a technical essay on lessons learned as
& Infrastructure. She has
for
well as an appeal to all people involved in (infrastructure)
project
management
projects to step up and contribute to progress, develop
experience
with
clients
and share knowledge and solutions, collaborating
and
in
the
materials like FRP (Fiber
towards a circular, low emissions infrastructure.
infrastructure
sector.
Her
Reinforced Polymers) and
and
contractors
motto is 'just do it' to start
a
FRP
Lead
a
passion
As
senior
structural
engineer
she
specialized
in
innovation.
innovative
Design for Sustainability.
exploring new possibilities that
enhance
together.
society
Liesbeth and Carlita both work
at
our
businessline
Mobility
&
Infrastructure
in
Netherlands
the
Royal
at
HaskoningDHV.
Royal HaskoningDHV is a leading
global
consulting
engineering
company
leveraging
cutting-edge
technology and software. Our multidisciplinary empowers
approach
clients
with
innovative and sustainable solutions, shaping the future.
23
BREAKING GROUND WITH BAMBOO Jasmine Wong, TU Delft. Robotic Additive Manufacturing of a Self Supporting Wall with Bamboo This master thesis explores the use of bamboo in Additive Manufacturing (AM), specifically towards the development of a building component. The presented study utilizes bamboo in the form of dust and fibers, which can be sourced from waste streams. This innovative approach not only offers a solution to the challenges of bamboo’s anatomy but also has the potential to use bamboo in a more circular way. With this approach, rather than being discarded at the end of its life cycle, bamboo products can be recycled and transformed into valuable powder and fibers, granting them a second life.
Fig. 1: Protoype © J. wong
QR : TU Delft thesis repository
84 | Additive Manufacturing
By leveraging the benefits of additive manufacturing
Materials
technology, such as reduced material waste and the
The raw materials employed in this research were primarily
ability to fabricate complex geometries, the design aimed
bamboo fibers and dust (Fig. 3).
to create a mechanically informed infill tailored to the loading condition of the building component. After use, the component can be re-introduced into a new mixture to be used in a new AM application, enabling circular use. The project involves a comprehensive workflow, including material research, design development exploration, manufacturing process exploration and prototyping. The rapid population growth contributes to a considerable increase of the amount of raw materials used and produced worldwide (Craveiro, 2014). The aim to create more ecologically friendly and sustainable construction processes has boosted interest in the use of bio-based materials. Timber, for instance, has been a prominent choice, but its availability is constrained as the demand should not exceeds responsible forestry. Bamboo, a nonwood species, holds promise as a potential substitute to wood due to its rapid growth rate. It is a very adaptable plant that can grow well in a variety of climates and elevations, which enables it to contribute to the alleviation of demand for wood as a source of raw materials (Borowski, 2022).
Fig.3: Bamboo dust (left) and Bamboo fibers (right). © J. wong
Bamboo is a viscoelastic and anisotropic material that exhibits differences in physical and mechanical properties along its three orthogonal axes, with variations being more significant along the length of the culm due to the tapered shape and increasing density with height (Correal, 2020). Bamboo presents impressive versatility, with the potential for nearly 100% material utilization in most cases. In the construction industry, bamboo can serve as a viable replacement for traditional building materials across several components, including trusses, roof structures, walls, flooring, foundations, and scaffolding (Yadav, 2021). Still its adoption in this industry remains limited due to the challenges posed by its hollow tube anatomy and the lack of established building codes for its use. Furthermore, bamboo's physical and mechanical qualities are affected by moisture content, age, and the location on the stem (Correal, 2020). Material Experimentation With the goal of formulating a fully bio-based recipe,
Fig. 2: Bamboo, Pine tree and Oak tree growing time (kampinga et al., 2015).
26
a series of experiments was conducted to study the
In the first phase of the material experiments, the focus
and combined in different ratios.
was on exploring the binding agents that could be used to develop an extrudable paste. Initially, water was used as a
The material experiments aimed to comprehend the
binder to test the extrudability of bamboo dust. Therefore,
behaviour of bamboo dust and fibers when combined
different bio-based and non-bio-based binders were
with various binders and solvents, with the objective of
explored as potential alternatives.
Graduate
behavior of various bio-based binders, both individually
creating a stable bio-based composite with optimum viscosity and bonding properties suitable for extrusion via
After the initial phase of material experimentation, it was
LDM technique. This exploration was carried out in two
determined that a second phase was necessary in order to
phases.
achieve a more comprehensive evaluation of the mix and
Fig. 4: Results of the Second Material Experimentation © J. wong
27
84 | Additive Manufacturing
to refine key parameters for optimal printability in regard
Material Experimentation
to the AM setup.
A large quantity of the selected mixture made with bamboo dust and fibers and potato starch, needed to be
During the second phase, each binder was exclusively
produced in order to proceed with the printability test to
mixed with bamboo dust, as well as bamboo dust
explore the potential of the selected mixture through AM.
combined with fibers, to facilitate an effective comparison process. The results (Fig. 6) indicate the presence of some specimens that broke or bent during the drying process, categorizing them as faulty. The optimal three mixtures, that included the use of potato starch, COLLALL eco-glue and wood glue as binders, were chosen based on a simplified mechanical test and other factors such as printability, cost, and bio-based content. The testing process revealed an interesting correlation between potato starch and eco-glue, as the latter is derived from potato starch. To ensure an effective and efficient testing process, only one binder was chosen for the initial printing test. Consequently, potato starch and eco glue were selected, with potato starch being the more cost-effective option. The selected mixture is subsequently manufactured in large quantities for the following AM application. This formed the basis for the next phase of the research, which focused on creating an extrudable and printable paste for the AM of a self-supporting wall made from bamboo dust
Fig. 5: Mixing procedure © J. wong
Design The initial concept for this research was to demonstrate the potential of the novel material and fabrication technique. Therefore, the design had to be carefully considered to incorporate the capabilities of the selected mixture and AM technology. The aim is to create a mechanically informed infill that is tailored to the loads on specific parts of the building component. The design process began through a computational model by lofting different sections of a partition wall and benches on both sides (Fig. 6).
and fibers.
Fig. 6: Lofted Design © J. wong
28
specific parts of the component.
material and the fabrication process, to allow for a more
Figure 8 shows the computational workflow for the
efficient production process, the study focused on a
mechanically informed infill generation. A structural
specific section of the overall design (Fig. 7).
analysis determines the optimal density distribution within the infill. This analysis involves mapping the density of
Graduate
The design was heavily influenced by the novelty of the
the infill based on the variable cell size and arrangement. The goal is to identify areas that require higher density to withstand greater loads, as well as regions where lower density can be employed without compromising structural integrity. Once the density mapping is established, the component is designed to generate the toolpath necessary for printing it using a robotic arm. The workflow begins with generating the mesh geometry of the solid component. After defining the type of support and load conditions a structural analysis generates a color gradient that represents the stress distribution within the Fig. 7: Chosen Section © J. wong
AM enables the realization of complex designs, not only in terms of visual aesthetics but also in terms of performance. Through the use of computational design and performance analysis, the material distribution of the component can be optimized within a specified space, considering loads and boundary conditions. This
component. In this colored mesh, points that are closest to 0% stress are automatically identified as attractor points. The pattern generation is then created, and the center point of each geometry is connected to the closest attractor point. The thickness of the infill is inversely proportional to the distance of the two points, meaning that shorter distances result in thinner thicknesses.
optimization process involves iteratively refining the material distribution. To optimize the use of material and create a mechanically efficient infill, it is important to consider that the load on the component is not uniformly distributed. Therefore, it is unnecessary to have the same density in the entire geometry. It is a more efficient approach to create an infill that is mechanically informed and tailored to the loads on
29
84 | Additive Manufacturing Fig. 8: Mechanically Informed Infill Generation
Prototype printing The primary objective of this research is to provide proof of concept for printing with bamboo. To achieve this, a 1:1 scale fragment of the design, explained in the Mechanically Informed Infill section, is prototyped. It was not feasible to print the entire prototype due to limitation of the robot work space, available materials, and tools, therefore a fragment of the overall design was prototyped. The selected fragment corresponds to a specific area within the component, which is determined by the reachable working area of the robotic arm. While the printed fragment represents a smaller portion of the overall design, it serves as tangible proof of concept and provides valuable insights into the feasibility and potential of printing with bamboo.
30
Fig. 9: Prototype
Graduate
Conclusion This research project represents an innovative approach in the field of circularity and construction automation within the built environment. By exploring the use of bamboo in AM, it showcases the potential for sustainable material use and advanced fabrication techniques. The ability to re-use the printed component in the mixture enables a continuous printing process, reducing the need for new materials. The design process, informed by
Jasmine wong
structural analysis and tailored infill geometry, showcases
@bk.tudelft
the potential of AM to optimize material use and create
Jasmine Wong, 24 years
structurally efficient building components. The project
old. After completing her
addresses the need for renewable and eco-friendly
bachelor
construction materials, as well as the adoption of AM as
Design
at
a platform for material design. Through this innovative
Milano,
she
approach, the project contributes to the advancement
pursue her master in Building
of sustainable construction practices and highlights the
Technology at TU Delft in
possibilities for utilizing bamboo in the built environment.
the faculty of Architecture. During
in
her
Architectural Politecnico
di
decided
to
studies
she
Overall, this research project demonstrates the potential
developed a strong interest
of bamboo fibers and dust as a valuable material for
in sustainable materials and
architecture through AM. The findings emphasize the
innovative technologies like
benefits of incorporating bamboo into the construction
additive
industry, including its rapid growth, renewability, and
She is currently working in
versatile properties. By promoting the adoption of bamboo
London as a façade engineer
and AM techniques, the project contributes to circularity in
at Eckersley O'Callaghan.
manufacturing.
the built environment and supports the transition towards more sustainable and efficient construction practices.
31
DIGITAL CONCRETE PRODUCTION Pioneering a new era of Digital Concrete Production and Working Chris Aerts, Jeroen Veger @ Neolithic
Neolithic - unleashing the digital 21st century on the production of concrete and stone objects Neolithic is an innovative startup at the forefront of 3D printing and
digital
warehousing.
Neolithic
specializes
in
industrial
3D printing of concrete and stone objects using cuttingedge technologies, such as robots and industrial 3D-printers. The term Neolithic is a contemporary creation, derived from the Greek words νέος néos, meaning 'new,' and λίθος líthos, meaning 'stone.' Essentially, it translates to 'New Stone Age.' With advanced technology and an efficient supply chain, Neolithic excels
at
rapidly
conceptualizing,
Fig. 1: 3D Printed wells, Amsterdam © Neolithic
printing,
and
QR2 : production video
delivering
QR1: website
84 | Additive Manufacturing
high-quality products. The robotic production hubs
Digital workflows for streamlined production
primarily focus on the creation of modular construction
Neolithic's commitment to innovation extends to its
and infrastructure components. Neolithic places a strong
optimized digital workflows, designed to streamline
emphasis on product development and the startup also
the production process seamlessly. Integrating digital
provide tailor-made solutions for unique designs in close
technologies ensures not only the rapid production
collaboration with contractors, designers, artists, and
of on-demand products, but also allows for a level of
municipalities.
customization that caters to the unique needs of clients. This digital-centric approach positions Neolithic at the
One of the flagship products is a mass-customizable
forefront of modern manufacturing, especially in the
sloped
construction industry.
staircase. This innovative solution employs
modular 3D concrete printed staircase segments that can be easily repurposed. Thanks to the material-optimized printing processes, these sloped staircases consume
On-demand production
up to 50% less material compared to conventional
One of Neolithic's defining features is its ability to deliver
concrete staircases. The Neolithic digital processes
swift, on-demand products configured to meet the
ensure a seamless transition from design to print data,
specific requirements of their clients. Whether intricate
resulting in quick delivery within a few weeks. Moreover,
infrastructure
pricing is significantly more affordable than traditional
or bespoke design features, Neolithic's 3D printing
methods. Neolithic stands as a beacon of efficiency and
capabilities allow for the creation of unique and high-
sustainability, setting a new standard in the construction
quality products optimized for diverse applications.
industry.
Fig. 2: Modular Sloped Staircase System © Neolithic
34
elements,
architectural
components,
providing clients with a multitude of options to tailor their chosen elements. From altering the shape to adjusting the size. This flexibility is especially valuable in the context of infrastructure, architecture and design where custom
Company
Neolithic's online configurator acts as a design input tool,
solutions are often necessary. ADVANCING AMSTERDAM'S CANAL INFRASTRUCTURE : Revolutionizing construction with efficient 3D-Printed wells A fitting example of Neolithic’s workflow is the pioneering innovation of 3D printed wells. In early 2023 the company accomplished the production of a canal well in a mere twenty minutes, a task that would conventionally require a full day of skilled manual labor. This transformative project unfolded in Amsterdam, marking the installation of the city's inaugural 3D-printed canal wells and the first 3D printed well ever installed, meticulously printed down to the millimeter. In order to achieve this innovation, Neolithic worked closely together with domain knowledge partners for Fig. 3: Modular Sloped Staircase System- Printing and Assembly © Neolithic
Customization through parametric design The key to Neolithic's recent successes lies in the online and supply chain integrated parametric configurators. This digital tool empowers clients to configure products such as wells, stairs, nature inclusive panels, or street furniture according to their unique preferences. Moreover, parametric design allows the company to integrate all processes into one automated workflow, meaning the printing can start directly after the client confirms the design.
rapid product development. In the case of these wells a partnership was created with Waternet, the municipality of Amsterdam and main contractor Dura Vermeer. The initiative was launched due to decreasing numbers of qualified labor for traditional made wells. Therefore Dura Vermeer opted to leverage the expertise of 3D printing from Neolithic to undertake the production of these cutting-edge wells. This partnership is accordingly fully in line with the municipalities and main contractor ambitions to robotize and digitize infrastructure works. Accordingly, a custom well configurator was created to facilitate a quick design to production workflow for this project.
35
84 | Additive Manufacturing
"Therefore, when Dura Vermeer supplied the measurements, our 3D printer could manufacture the wells the very next day. No engineer is needed for additional calculations. The whole process is automated." - Chris Aerts, Co-Founder @ Neolithic
efficiency gain of approximately 20%. Departing from the standard practice of prefabricated concrete drains, Fig. 4: Well Configurator © Neolithic
which often involve a two-month lead time and on-site
Design parameters were developed in close collaboration
adjustments, the 3D-printed canal wells are custom
with the partners. In the end it involves a straightforward
configured creations.
digital process of entering height, width, and depth measurements. Following this, the design and production
In the end, the printing process takes only twenty minutes
data for the robotic arm are generated automatically.
per canal well, enabling Neolithic to complete this project in just over two hours. This represents a substantial time-
The integration of 3D printing technology not only yields
saving compared to the traditional process, which would
significant time savings but also achieves a material
take at least a few weeks.
Fig. 5: 3D Printed Canal Wells, Amsterdam © Neolithic
36
Company Chris Aerts
Jeroen Veger
@Neolithic
@Neolithic
Chris is the founder of Neolithic
Jeroen
with
strong
interest
co-founder
of
in
Neolithic and also co-founded
process optimization for the
the 3D Makers Zone (3DMZ), a
architecture,
Smart Industry Fieldlab around
and
a
is
engineering
construction
industry.
industrial
3D
printing
and
He has years of international
complementary smart tech, and
experience
field
BouwLab R&Do, an innovation
printing
hub around industralization and
software
digitization
of and
3D
in
the
concrete
parametric
development.
He
of
construction.
graduated
He has 13 years of experience
at the TU Delft Architecture
in the field of 3D printing,
faculty, chair of Architectural
including applications, finding
Engineering.
Neolithic,
the right business cases and
Chris is combining robotics,
much more. Jeroen was always
parametric design and material
fascinated by the possibilities
optimization
With
configure-
of next tech and during his
to-order products. Ultimately
Media study at the Amsterdam
enabling the innovation spiral
University of Applied Sciences
for more efficient and material
he often organized sessions
optimized
and meetings about the future
processes.
for
construction
of technology and digitization. He also has a background in branding and design.
37
AM ENVELOPE 2023 Current Classification of Additive Manufacturing in the Construction Industry Dr. Holger Strauß, Innobuild GmbH After more than 15 years of research and development, 3D-printed façade nodes and components are finally ready for real-time application in recent building construction projects. After his involvement in the early stages of development of those 3D-printed parts, the author is now summarizing the development of this last decade and gives an outlook from today's application to future needs.
Fig. 1: 3D façade node Nematox II within a Stick-Façade-System – rendering © Dr. Holger Strauß
QR 1 : Innobuild
QR 2: Holger's Dissertation
84 | Additive Manufacturing
Additive Manufacturing – A look back at 15 years of
At the beginning of the research project, the system-
development
offering of a façade system-provider were screened, and
In this article, Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes
components have been identified that had a basic
stand as an example of how new technologies are
potential for optimization with AM.
changing construction engineering. The increasingly frequent use of AM in the construction sector shows a
Due to the clear limitation of the AM-build-space size to
typical development of new technologies and can thus be
produce AM-components in metal, a restriction to small
used for evaluation and for formulating a perspective also
and medium-sized components made sense. These
for other currently pressing topics and techniques.
included structural component connectors between mullions and transoms – so called T-cleats. Not only were
After more than 15 years of research and development,
the advantages of direct digital production considered,
3D-printed façade components are finally ready for use
but also the given performance characteristics within
in actual building projects. To get to this point,
the façade system. The optimized component is thus
considerable efforts have been made over the last 15
an improved "digital connector" that, in combination
years and a large number of research and study papers
with digital planning tools, allows for individual façade
have been written on this topic.
geometries and enables a structurally optimized system.
In order to provide a brief insight into the development of
All necessary angles and drillings are digitally integrated
relevant components for façade application, the research
into the AM design. In this way, precisely fitting
project "AM Facades - Influence of additive processes
connections can be designed and manufactured for
on the development of facade constructions“ [1] is
each connection point of the façade. The added value
summarized and evaluated below.
is achieved through material savings and force-path-
Fig. 2: Evolution from Standard Aluminium extrusion (left), to ABS prototype (middle), to 3D connector in Stainless Steel (right)© Dr. Holger Strauß
40
of mullion and transom profiles, only right-angled saw
the orthogonal façade system with the standard mullion-
cuts are necessary for the assembly of the façade. This
transom system components.
reduces cutting scrap and facilitates assembly. (see Fig. 3a, b).
The availability of additive processes thus added another link to the chain of a true "file-to-factory" production. It
With this approach, a combination of proven standards
enables us to produce parts for a free-form façade with
and digitally enhanced node solutions was realized for the
all angles and adjustments in the same quality as for an
existing façade technology in 2010. By integrating new
orthogonal façade with standard products.
"high-tech" parts into tested and verified systems, the
Graduate
optimized shaping. (see Fig.2) Assembly is analogous to
advantages from both areas could have been combined In the research project, the next step was taken from these
to an even better solution.[2]
"digital connectors" to develop a neuralgic node that carries all the complexity of the free-form geometry and
To summarize the development of the last decade, it is
leaves the other façade components as much standard as
necessary to differentiate the use and application of AM
possible. All the advantages of the previously developed
in the various industries. Industries with small quantities
"digital connector" were further developed and combined
and component dimensions have been able to implement
into a customized, integral node. The resulting node was
AM processes as an extension of traditional production
produced directly with AM. All required properties can be
technologies more quickly and easier than industries with
implemented digitally in the data set by setting design
large-scale components and a large batch number.
parameters (parametric design). Due to the digital fusion
Fig. 3a and Fig.3b : 3D façade node Nematox II - rendering (left), Image 3D façade node Nematox II (right) - prototype © Dr. Holger Strauß
41
84 | Additive Manufacturing
Looking at the construction sector, the following
the needed equipment is available for workshop
developmental steps were crucial for the maturation of
outfitting, and no more part of the industrial supply
AM: •
chain. Materials
•
AM-build-space size
The AM industry has managed to further develop
The AM-build-space size has changed only slightly
applications with metals from an initial idea to
over the last 15 years. As a rule, the powder bed-
available technology. The variety of materials is
based systems are still equipped with an average
almost unlimited and ranges from aluminum and
AM-build-space
tool steel to titanium and gold. Today AM becomes
300mm/depth 260mm/height 320mm.
of
approximately
width
an integral part of the modern production chain for building envelopes: e.g., the self-production
For direct building-scale applications, for example,
of AM-powder can also be realised “in-house”, as
concrete structures that are printed directly on
Fig. 4: Image Mobile Concrete Printer of www.constructions-3d.com ; picture taken at Formnext 2023
42
size
niche building technology tool.
the ContourCrafting technology [3] for house 3D
•
•
•
printing. The component size is not determined by
The initial idea of complete design freedom by eliminating
a limited AM-build-space but is aligned according
tools, molds and creating shapes directly from a digital
to demand by using crane systems and gantry robot
representation has only come to live in parts, as the
technology. (see Fig. 4)
available AM technologies are not yet capable of “doing
Printing Speed
it all” and there are still limitations in some important
The acceleration of AM processes for metals has
aspects of “Printed Architecture”. For the part of
been undertaken with several light sources and in
3D-printed façade nodes it can be stated that here AM
some cases several powder-coaters. Nevertheless,
is ready to be a part of the production chain for façade
there are still narrow limits to both the achievable
manufacturing: the ongoing discussion is the price per
AM-build-space and the speed of printing. (cf. [2],
piece, as still CNC milled nodal point in some cases are
chapter 2.5.1)
cheaper to be produced than 3D-printed ones.
Graduate
site are available. Several suppliers have adapted
Quality management Today's service providers and AM-users meet the
But over all it can be observed that with the combination
material quality standards and are monitored and
of increasingly powerful digital design tools, improved
qualified with Iso certificates. Consistent component
functionalities can be integrated and lead to greater
quality is therefore now the industry standard.
benefits for the building envelope - and ultimately for the
Onboard monitoring technology enables the real-
user. These include, for example, structural optimization,
time quality surveillance and offers detailed QM-
real-time simulation of environmental performances,
protocols.
solar radiation and shading of façades, wind and noise
Printing Cost
simulations and optimization of surface orientation – and
A calculation approach must be requested from the
some of them are realizable with AM.
supplier based on concrete component geometries. The figures from the research project and current
Starting points for a contemporary implementation
price quotations for the identical data set show the
The Façade development as shown in Fig. 5 gives a rough
development with an approximate halving of costs to
overview over the last 20’000 years. After 22’023 years
date
we have reached the predicted “Freeform Skin”, even with 3D-Printed Façade Nodes. Nobody would have expected
As the described research process shows, it was possible
that more than 10 years ago, when the underlaying
to subsequently move from our initial project ideas for
hypothesis was formulated!
façade applications to a resilient product development within fifteen years.
It can be stated that AM is an
available and proven building technology tool, but still a
But it became reality from a "Funny Idea“ to a “System Offering”.
43
84 | Additive Manufacturing Fig 5: Development of the Building Envelope towards the “Freeform Skin”
Fig 6: Adopted development of the Building Envelope from the “Freeform Skin”
44
But what is next after this? •
Reduced Carbon Emissions in Logistics: On-Site
building envelope as a neuralgic interface to the different
Manufacturing, rather than having parts prefabricated
requirements of the building itself: climate protection
and transported to the site.
and regulation; load transfer; user comfort; design and
•
appearance. [6], [7] And the performance profiles of a building envelope can still be derived from these aspects,
Reduce by design: Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Repair,
Graduate
material efficiency can save resources.
It is essential to emphasise the importance of the
Refurbish, Remanufacture, Repurpose and Recycle. •
Change from Linear Economy to Circular Economy!
but today they are supplemented by the pressing issues of our time.
We have technologies to support this change – one might be Additive Manufacturing. But regarding the claim of AM
Today we are in 2023 and the objectives did change:
being a sustainable production technology, the actual Life
•
We must work on new ways to reach the “Sustainable
Cycle Assessment of 3D-Printed Building Components
Development Goals” of the UN by 2030.
must still be done and pursued.
•
•
We must reach the global goal of limiting global warming to "well below" two degrees Celsius
Conclusion and Outlook
compared to the pre-industrial age.
The Society must wake up and face the fact that things
We must realize carbon neutral buildings by 2040.
have to change in order to meet the declared climate protection goals - for our future, for the future of our
The performative properties of a sustainable building
children and for the sake of our way of living. With the
envelope
improvements
awareness of the building sector being part of the cause
over conventional façade technology. Ideally, the
of climate change, ways to practical solutions are needed
requirements for a Dynamic Building Envelope can be
in order to achieve the 2030 and 2050 climate change
met: Climate regulation through breathable materials,
mitigation goals in Europe.[8]
must
achieve
significant
material savings through topology-optimized loadbearing structures, comfort through active insulation
With the lessons learned in AM - from the passed
and ventilation, integrated technology for the user,
“Technology
performance for lighting and shading with adaptive
Disillusionment” and onto the ”Plateau of Productivity”
transparency, circularity-compatible construction, and a
[9], it is possible to see a parallel detection in the past
design-compatible appearance.
research and the needed new topics, to give an outlook
Hype”,
through
the
“Trough
of
towards future façade applications. Starting points towards “Better Building Technology” are: •
Optimized Material Consumption: Here, the goal
To achieve this needed change within the construction
must be to only use what is really needed. Software-
industry and within the niche of the Building Envelope, the
supported optimization in structural design and
indispensable next steps can be appointed as follows:
45
84 | Additive Manufacturing
•
Sustainability and the way to a circular economy, with a first step of introducing circularity in façade construction.
•
The application and combination of new construction materials to achieve a more thoughtful use of valuable resources.
•
Reformation of traditional planning processes to bring the life cycle of building envelopes toward contemporary realization.
With this societal change in awareness, a change in the building industry will also become easier and the discussion will shift towards a greater willingness of investors, builders, and stakeholders in the building industry to explore new ways of realizing projects. This will bring new solutions to the fore, even if they may initially involve higher costs. The façade industry is also slowly adapting to these new ways, and everyone can participate in this change by finding improved solutions to existing problems. Based on the experience in the development of 3D-printed façade parts and components, starting with early developments as mere prototypes and ending with accepted (building) technology, it must be stated that new technologies and innovations take ten to fifteen years to come from vision to application. So, we must start now to make changes for the future. "In the end, it is a well thought-out combination of design and material that makes for sustainability." [10]
46
Graduate
References: 1. Strauss, H., AM Facades - Influence of additive processes on the development of facade constructions. 2010, Hochschule OWL - University of Applied Sciences: Detmold. p. 83. 2. Strauß, H., AM Envelope - The potential of Additive Manufacturing for facade construction. Architecture and the Built Environment, ed. A+BE. 2013: abe.tudelft.de.
Dr.Ing. Holger Strauß
3. K hoshnevis, D.B. Contour Crafting Corporation. 2017; Available from: http://www.contourcrafting.com. 4. Architekten, M.-K. i. HOUS3DRUCK. 2020
[cited 2022;
Available from: https://www.housedruck.de/. 5. K G, P.V.D.G.C. PERI druckt erstes Wohnhaus Deutschlands. 2020;
Available
from:
https://www.peri.de/
informationsportal-news-medien/veroeffentlichungenpresse/peri-druckt-erstes-wohnhaus-deutschlands. html# q=3D%20Druck. 6. K naack, M Bilow , Auer , Facades -
Principles of
Construction. Principles of Construction. 2007, Basel: Birkhäuser Verlag AG. 7. Martin Meijs, U.K., Components and Connections. Principles of Construction. 2009, Basel: Birkhäuser Verlag AG. 8. Commission, E., et al., How to assess climate change mitigation potential at project-level? : an estimation based on life cycle assessment of project proposals submitted under the European green deal call. 2022. 9. Peels, J. Where is 3D Printing in Gartner’s Hype Cycle? 2022 [cited 2022 22-05-18]; Available from: https://3dprint. com/291020/is-3d-printing-in-gartners-trough-ofdisillusionment-or-slope-of-enlightenment/. 10. Röder, D.A. Die K ombination aus Design und Material macht Nachhaltigkeit aus. UmweltDialog WirtschaftVerantwortung-Nachhaltigkeit, 2020.
Dr.Ing. Holger Strauß is a specialist
façade-engineer
and a registered architect. Since 2022 he is partner at Innobuild GmbH in Berlin. There he is currently building up the "Innobuild Future" R&D-division with a focus on the topics of circularity, sustainability,
renewable
energies, and new materials for the building envelope. Holger studied architecture at
the
University
of
Applied Science, Detmold, Germany,
and
completed
his doctorate in 2013 at the TU Delft, Netherlands. Since then, he has gained professional in
various
façade
experience positions
engineering
in and
in architectural offices in Germany and Switzerland.
47
STUDY- VISS³ FREE FORM FAÇADE With 3D printed steel nodes Sebastian Thieme, Head of Development at Jansen AG A study on VISS³ free-form façade with 3D printed steel nodes New designs have become possible as 3D printing with steel takes the VISS façade into the third dimension: VISS³ creates connections by combining the tried-and-tested VISS systems with 3D printed steel nodes. This results in fascinating freeform
façades
that
require
Fig. 1: The model that was produced at Jansen inhouse (Technology Center) © Jansen AG
no
substructure
QR 3 : VISS system façade.
QR 2 : YouTube
at
QR 1: website
all.
84 | Additive Manufacturing
Munich (Germany). Sebastian Thieme, Head of Development at Jansen says: “The cooperation with TU Delft, knippershelbig and MG Metalltechnik was inspiring and valuable for us from start to the end. When investigating how to produce the Jansen VISS³ free-form façade, particular attention was paid to the gasket level. The overlying gasket nodes are printed to match the connecting nodes so that drainage is provided via just one gasket level. At the same time, the concealed connection ensures a homogeneous appearance”. Fig. 2: The sealing and connection nodes © Jansen AG
Research cooperation As part of a research cooperation with TU Delft in the Netherlands, the engineering company knippershelbig GmbH in Stuttgart, Germany, and MG Metalltechnik GmbH in Matrei, Austria, Jansen has investigated the options for using 3D printing technologies to manufacture steel nodes. This new technology offers architects previously unimaginable design freedom for steel system façades. The 3D printed steel nodes combined with VISS profiles form the foundation for constructing concave and convex shapes. The nodes can be formed on a bespoke basis with multiple arms and different angles, allowing both acute and obtuse angles to be created within a transferred directly via the profiles and connecting nodes
Fig. 3: Sebastian Thieme, Head of Development at Jansen, explaining the construction and function of the 3D printed steel node at the international trade fair ‘BAU’ in Munich (April 2023). © Jansen AG
without the need for a substructure. In this way, Jansen
3D printing process
VISS³ enables the construction of complex free-form
DED (Direct Energy Deposition) refers to a metal 3D
façades and roof lights of any shape.
printing technologies in which components are produced
single node. The VISS³ façade is self-supporting; load is
by melting the starting material, which is usually a metal
50
The study on the VISS³ free-form façade received a
powder or wire. The metal powder or wire is fed through a
special honour as part of the Architecture+Building
nozzle and melted using a focused energy source (usually
Innovation Prize at the international trade fair ‘BAU’ in
a laser or electron beam).
the criteria for greater sustainability in the construction
based metal 3D printing method in which the starting
industry.
material, usually metal powder, is applied in very thin layers and fused into solid structures by a laser beam with
Maximum transparency in the building shell
pinpoint accuracy according to geometric specifications.
By combining 3D printed steel nodes and slim VISS
This process is repeated layer by layer until the component
system profiles, Jansen VISS³ provides the perfect
has been completely built up.
foundation for installing large panes of glass. 50 and
Company
SLM (Selective Laser Melting) refers to a powder bed-
60 mm wide profiles with different profile depths can Design details of free-form façades
be used. Large glass elements and low-visibility frame
Free-form nodes made of steel or stainless steel are
profiles let in as much daylight as possible, helping to
produced on a bespoke basis for VISS³; the basic
reduce energy costs. Furthermore, three-dimensional
construction utilises standard items from the VISS system
façades withstand higher wind loads than flat surfaces
façade (Refer QR 3 for the page link for VISS system
for the simple reason that the wind load is swirled against
façade). This makes installation quick and easy as the
many smaller subsurfaces and pushed away. This results
node and profile connect without any special tools,
in unique building shells with maximum transparency.
thereby simplifying the process. The high corrosion resistance of stainless steel and coated steel ensures durable and robust free-form façades and roof lights that continue to work reliably for decades. Last but not least, steel is a 100% recyclable material that has long met
Fig. 5: The model that was produced at Jansen inhouse (Technology Center) was presented at various trade fairs and was met with great interest and had a consistently positive response. © Jansen AG
Fig. 4: The overlying sealing nodes are printed to match the connecting node, so that drainage takes place via just one sealing level. © Jansen AG
51
84 | Additive Manufacturing
Sebastian Thieme @jansen_steel_systems Head of Development, Jansen
Structural
AG
(London/UK):
of
(2021-today); Technical
Head
Competence
engineer
Engineer,
Arup Project
on
various
Center, Jansen AG (2016-
international projects with a
2021); Technical Consultant,
focus on facade construction
Jansen
and glass design.
and
AG
(2014-2016);
Research
Engineer,
Technische
Universität
Education:
Dresden (Germany) (2007-
RWTH
Aachen
University,
2012).
Germany: Civil Engineer; University St. Gallen (HSG)
Researching
adhesive
connections structures
in
glass
and
façade
construction. Also involved in
Teaching
engineering
students and postgraduate engineers
in
construction
and
design.
52
façade glass
Switzerland, Executive MBA; Polytechnique
Montréal
(Université d’ingénierie)
@royal haskoningdhv @royal_haskoningdhv
Contribute to the feeling of comfort at Royal HaskoningDHV On a daily basis, our colleagues craft environments that seamlessly blend user comfort with eco-conscious design, offering a harmonious experience for both people and the planet. And the most inspiring aspect of all is that you get to work with a lot of in-house experts: engineers, architects, manufacturers and builders. Every day is different, whether you are a building technology engineer, mechanical or electrical engineer, fire safety consultant or acoustics & building physics consultant. You will work for a variety of clients, like hospitals, data centres, laboratories, airports, museums, theatres, performance halls, industrial plants, offices and housing.
▶
Ready to elevate environments?
Scan the QR-code, read more about the experiences of our colleagues and explore your job opportunities!
SAEKI Towards Decentralized Fabrication Hubs Matthias Leschok, co-founder and COO of SAEKI Robotics AG, in conversation with Fieke Konijnenberg and Mauritz von Kardorff from RuMoer SAEKI was founded in 2021 by Matthias Leschok (COO), Oliver Harley (CTO) and Andrea Perissinotto (CEO). It is a fast-growing startup, based in Zurich and caters to the demands of the digital construction industry of tomorrow. With their micro-factories, SAEKI delivers digitally manufactured large-scale polymer products for the construction industry and beyond. Through their robot as a service model, they aim to make additive manufacturing more accessible for a broader range of companies and markets. This interview was conducted in December 2023.
Fig. 1: SAEK I Tool milling © Saeki
QR 1: SAEK I website
84 | Additive Manufacturing
RuMoer: To start the interview, we have a broad question,
Matthias: The name SAEKI refers to a Japanese sword
to understand your approach and how you might position
master, which is linked to one of our co-founders who
your firm. How do you as a company envision the
loves Japan. SAEKI provides digital manufacturing
construction industry in the next 10 years and the next 50
technologies. This can be 3D printing, milling, coating,
years?
etc.. We think this service needs to be as easy to use as an iPhone. So currently, we are preparing the first
Matthias: There are classic factors to consider: we
decentralized production hub of large-scale digital
know that we need to build more buildings to keep up
manufactured products. The idea is that we have
with the predicted population growth, which is already
something called a ‘micro-factory’, which consists of
happening. We also know most of this is happening in
a robot with a minimal footprint. This micro-factory is
the Global South. From my point of view, there will be a
able to produce elements autonomously. A few things
clear difference in construction in Europe and the Global
the robot would be able to do, are pick up and use tools,
South. In Europe, the construction sector will most likely
or process a surface, for example, to produce a smooth
be about high-performance new constructions and
surface finish on a concrete formwork. Then, it is able to
renovations, that limit CO2 emissions during the lifetime
grab a scanner to make sure that the piece that we have
of a building. Whereas in the Global South, the challenge
manufactured is actually what we need. In this way, we
will be to provide adequate housing for people. Besides
also have a digital twin of our printed object. We are
that, there are the challenges we probably all know
currently establishing our first local production hub, a
about; the construction sector uses approximately 40%
factory full of micro-factories, in Switzerland. In our
of all the energy, 40% of the waste, and 40% of all the
robot-as-a-service business model, a company does not
resources that get extracted from the ground. These are
need to purchase and operate the machinery itself, SAEKI
some major challenges that need to be tackled in the next
is taking care of this. They have all the benefits of owning
ten years and we need to start tackling them now already.
a machine, without the challenges that usually come with
The construction sector is also one of the least digitized
it. We are lowering the hurdle that you need to overcome
sectors on the planet. We think this needs to change.
to digitize the construction sector.
Talking from the perspective of the start-up: when talking to people, we notice they don’t quite know yet how to use
RuMoer: Exciting! Where did the idea for your company
digital techniques or what digital techniques can do. But
come from?
we can tell there is eagerness to try out something new. Matthias: Our concept originates from when we were all
56
RuMoer: So your aim is to innovate the construction
still at university. I bought one of those readily available
sector with new digital techniques. What exactly is the
extruders. I received a bunch of cables that were not
product you offer as a company? And what does SAEKI
connected and a manual that was exactly one page,
stand for?
from there on I had to figure it out myself. And back then
MAS Digital Fabrication program at ETH. Afterwards, I started a Ph.D., which I'm handing in by the end of January 2024. Then we have Oliver, who finished his Master's in Robotics, and Andrea who is an Electrical engineer. We
Company
Matthias: I studied architecture and then followed the
are very interdisciplinary. All of us studied at ETH Zürich, where we met as well while implementing robotic pellet extrusion. RuMoer: How would you describe your offer and how is it different from other robotics companies? Fig. 2: Oliver Harley, Matthias Leschok, Andrea Perissinotto
there was no possibility for the tool and the robot to communicate. This is how Oliver, Andrea and I worked together for the first time. We saw that there was a need for something to solve this gap and developed a control unit connecting the tool to the robot. The tool knows when the robot stops, when the robot goes faster, slower etc.: very fundamental communication between tool and robot, which has developed further ever since. This worked so well with the big robots, but we also took the logic of the system and put it on a cobot system [Ed. Note: humanrobot collaborative robot system] with a filament extruder, so students can actually use it. The students from the MAS in Architecture and Digital Fabrication still use them every year. Most of the things that you see on the program's home page, when it comes to plastic printing, are the prebirth of SAEKI technology. RuMoer: Which academic background do you and your fellow founders have?
Matthias: From a customer perspective the product is the printed piece, and this could be for example the formwork for a concrete piece or a mould for a carbon fiber component. There are a lot of companies that sell you the hardware, and you do all the rest that comes with it yourself. This includes all the engineering, toolpath planning, operating the machine, etc., which places the boundary and the frustration level to enter the field often quite high. We would like to avoid this and do not sell our hardware. If you want something, you lease our capacity to produce something. I think that is the major difference between us and other companies. RuMoer: Are your typical customers then usually experienced in additive manufacturing? Matthias: I think currently we don't have a typical customer. Some have experience in 3D printing, might also own a small 3D printer and have tested the material before. Now they want the option to produce something bigger, so we produce those pieces. Then we have construction companies that want to do something with
57
84 | Additive Manufacturing
digital manufacturing techniques, but they don't exactly
thermoplastics we can use. We can produce elements
know what yet. A lot of people are now able to design
using polymers that are easy to recycle, or biodegradable
using computational tools, but only a few people can
ones. The possibilities here are quite broad.
manufacture them at this time. For example, we just finished a project with a local Swiss construction company.
RuMoer: We started this interview with the question
They made a Grasshopper and an ArchiCAD file to make
about how you envision the construction sector in the
a twisted column, but they told us that they could not find
next 10 to 15 years. Where would you position SAEKI in
someone to produce this formwork for on-site casting.
those regards? Which issues will you be tackling and in
There was no one to do this in a reasonable amount of
which areas of expertise?
time, at a reasonable cost. That was the moment we crossed paths. We made this column formwork for them,
Matthias: The idea is to have a lights-out factory,
whilst they had no previous experience with 3D printing
meaning a human comes in and brings raw material into
at all.
the system. The robots start producing; one robot ‘ghost’ picks up elements, then brings them to the next one, and
RuMoer: What is the material you then print with?
ideally, finished parts come out at the end. There are a few examples of lights-out factories already. I believe
Matthias:
Right
thermoplastics.
now,
our
extruders
are
There
are
different
types
using of
that increasing the level of automation is crucial for us because this allows us to overcome the lack of skilled labor. In addition, this allows us to produce complex designs, enabled through computation design tools, in a cost-effective way. RuMoer: So you want to innovate the building sector by automating the process as much as possible and thus make it accessible for a wider audience. Matthias: That is indeed what I was trying to say. That is the first thing. The other thing that is important to us are cradle-to-cradle production screens. Concrete is a great material, but we just use so tremendously much of it that every impact that you can make can also be a meaningful contribution. We therefore talk about 3D printed form work mostly. We take a model of the finished concrete
Fig. 3: SAEK I Tool 3D printing © Saeki
58
piece and automatically generate formwork data for
Company
it. I am convinced the drawing is not needed anymore; this kind of work can be optimized quite significantly. Eventually, this technology is then linked to the quoting platform. If a product is designed for our production
W'we don't throw anything away at SAEK I, we pick up the shavings and collect them in a bag. Once we have enough, we ship it out to get it recycled'
process, I can directly tell you how much material we will use, and how long the robot will print, which defines the cost. After this, robots will take over and produce the product. We can either produce formwork that can be used on-site, or on a precast facility. This brings us to another super important factor, recycling the formwork that has been used, given that 3D printed formwork is most likely going to be used for nonstandard elements. You will probably not use our printed formwork a hundred times, but maybe twenty to fifty times. This is why it is important that we put the plastic that we have taken out of the system back into it again. We therefore have the buyback option. If we make you an offer, we will buy the formwork back from you after use. We actually took back formwork from a construction site recently and are now collaborating with a research institution in Aarau, allowing us to recycle this used material. If we talk to potential customers, this aspect of formwork recycling is very important to them. We see there is great potential in making bespoke concrete architecture more accessible while keeping the waste generated at a minimum.
Fig. 4: SAEK I concrete structure © Saeki
RuMoer: Which polymers do you use to recycle them easily? And does that mean your idea is to recycle inhouse and reuse the material yourself to produce new products, or do you bring the used material somewhere else? Matthias:
We
use
different
materials;
PP-based
polymers, ABS with carbon fiber, PETG. In theory, all those materials can be recycled very well. Working with wellestablished materials, like PP, allows people to know how to handle and recycle the material. In order to recycle polymers efficiently, you need big batches of material, 1 ton or more. If there was less, it would not be worth turning on the very big machinery necessary for recycling. That is the reason we will not recycle in-house and work together with local recycling companies. We don't throw anything away at SAEKI. We pick up the shavings and collect them in a bag. Once we have enough, we ship it out to get it recycled.
59
84 | Additive Manufacturing Fig. 5: SAEK I formwork © Saeki
RuMoer: Amazing. Is your robot also adaptable for use
industry, but also, for example, the automotive sector, or
cases we have not discussed yet?
aerospace. If you change the polymer that you print with, which is one of the reasons we use polymers, then all of
60
Matthias: Our micro-factory is super flexible. We have
a sudden you can use the technology to make a carbon
this backend infrastructure that we are developing on the
fiber tool. We could feed the machines with a high-grade
hardware and the software side. It would be an easy change
polymer, which has a similar strength as aluminum. So,
to put a concrete printing tool on the printers we currently
the micro-factory, this whole hub system, is not only
use or alter it to print foam for example. The backend that
about doing something for the construction sector. By
we are developing is prepared for that. That being said,
localizing and bundling the machines, you can produce
our micro-factory can not only serve the construction
things for different sectors efficiently. As an example, one
Company
week the micro-factory can produce formwork and next week you are able to produce for a local aviation company by switching materials. Making the use of our hubs very flexible. RuMoer: That means you are envisioning the future of the company to expand outside of the construction sector? Matthias: Yes, we are already doing that. We do have
Matthias Leschok
ongoing construction projects, but also have customers from different industries already.
@SAEKI Matthias Leschok is a Ph.D. researcher at the Chair of
RuMoer: How would you think that the challenges we
Digital Building Technologies
discussed in the beginning of the interview can be
(DBT,
ETH
addressed by the construction sector?
work
investigates
Zürich).
performance
3D
His high-
printed
Matthias: Puh, that's a tough one! I think there are
facades systems and he is
things that can be addressed right away like increasing
the author of a patented 3D
awareness on the impact of the construction sector on
printing technology. He has
our environment. If we shift from ‘we built as cheap as
exhibited in various venues
possible’ to ‘we try to build as smart as possible’, I am
and events, including the
convinced that we can address the aforementioned
Venice Biennale and the ZAZ
challenges step by step.
Bellerive museum in Zurich.
With SAEKI, we aim to provide a platform that facilitates
He is co-founder and COO
such decisions. By reducing the complexity of fabricating
of SAEKI Robotics AG, an
functional integrated elements, we can achieve precision
ETH
and variability in components without increasing costs.
decentralised
production
In this way, we are able to create site-specific solutions
hubs
large-scale
that, hopefully, perform better than their off-the-shelf
bespoke elements. In 2017
equivalents.
he graduated from the MAS
Spin-off for
developing
in Architecture and Digital
RuMoer: Thank you for this insightful interview Matthias.
Fabrication.
We wish SAEKI all the best for the upcoming years and your ambitious plans!
61
TRADITIONAL HOUSE OF THE FUTURE Lidia Ratoi and John Lin @ The University of Hong Kong The Traditional House of the Future proposes strategies for recycling and revitalizing vernacular houses, meanwhile seemlessly incorporating 3D-Printing technology. It follows up research on how self-builders are transforming their own houses as a response to the urbanization of rural China. The research demonstrates the necessity to evolve and adapt the traditional wooden house, incorporating modern amenities with flexible spatial organizations resulting from changes in livelihood. The project is part of a government plan in Nanlong Village, Guizhou Province, China, where hundreds of wooden houses are dilapidated and abandoned. It proposes a participatory framework for design and construction that combines robotic
Fig. 1: Construction Photograph © The university of Hong K ong
84 | Additive Manufacturing
on-site printing and traditional wood craftsmanship.
building practices. Considering the existing built fabric
Chinese traditional houses are built in such a way that they
as a “new nature”, which cannot be altered and therefore
can be dismantled in a single day. The original house was
requires adaptation, the process touches upon key areas
scanned, and robotically printed walls were customized
of sustainability: social, technological, and cultural.
to incorporate the original structure, making it possible to design new spaces: planting, entrance courtyard,
About not giving up the past
skylight, balcony, kitchen, and bathrooms. Local villagers
Living in a world shaped by culture, nature, and now,
dismantled and reconditioned the original structure,
technology, most find themselves at a crossroads beyond
and once the walls were 3D printed, they were able to
definitions. Neither rural nor urban, both traditional and
recycle and reassemble it into the new house. The project
modern, Traditional House of the Future is a prototype
questions how technology can act as a social potentiator
encapsulating the realities of a rapidly changing lifestyle.
and become a means to strengthen local and cultural
Located in the Guizhou province of China, in the village
Fig. 2: Interior Photograph © The university of Hong K ong
64
making, using their unique qualities, while creating space
implications at the scale of time – past, present, and most
for modern needs?
important – future. Digital Fabrication meets traditional craftsmanship The project proposes strategies for recycling and
Working with robots and working with traditional craftsmen
revitalizing vernacular houses. It started as a collaboration
are similar methods, as there is no need for drawings –
between two bodies of work which are seemingly in
robots operate based on code, and woodworkers learn
opposition – investigations in rural China done by John
from mock-up models and adapt on site. Therefore, the
Project
of Nanlong, it questions the built environment and its
Lin, and built projects in the realm of robotic fabrication by Lidia Ratoi. Re-thinking the old - balancing tradition and modern needs The Nanlong Village itself it situated at a crossroads – a village hosting mostly traditional wooden houses, it becomes slowly more and more obsolete, as residents are moving to the neighboring village, where they can get modern concrete houses for affordable prices. The research brought together many different entities: it is part of a government plan to revitalize the village, by offering a wooden house prototype that can respond to
Fig. 3: Section drawing © Lidia Ratoi, John Lin
modern needs. The design brief for said prototype was done together by the two designers, as well as students of Hong Kong University, the team surveying houses and interviewing their inhabitants. Following the interviews, it was discovered that villagers are giving up the traditional houses because they don’t have modern amenities (kitchen, bathroom etc), but also because there was no financial incentive to continue to live in the village. However, they were moving to generic concrete houses, which did not respond to individual family needs and were poorly built. Therefore, the question became – how do we re-think ancestral ways of
Fig. 4: Floorplan Groundfloor © Lidia Ratoi, John Lin
65
84 | Additive Manufacturing
combination between the robotic printing and traditional wood working techniques was natural. Chinese traditional houses are built in such a way that they can be dismantled in a single day. The original house was scanned, and as 3D printing is a versatile method of designing and building, it was possible to accommodate for every imperfection, flaw or natural element of the ancient wooden structure. After dismantling, the wood was reconditioned, and the printing was done. The new walls allow for all the spaces established in the design brief with the villagers - planting, entrance courtyard, skylight, balcony, kitchen and bathrooms. It also permitted that a one level house, with a ground floor traditionally used for animals, to be turned into a two-storey house, as the villagers do not raise domestic animals anymore. The craftsmen then reintroduced the wooden structure, having to adapt the traditional way of building wooden frames and then erecting them. Throughout the entire process, there was a constant loop between the teams. Adaption for the unique location The remote location of the village posed some limitations – as the initial plan was to use cable or gantry bots, in the end, the only possible fabrication solution was to use a robotic arm. The geometry of the house, weaving from inside to outside, creating various indoor and outdoor spaces, not only respects the original wooden structures, but the limitations and size of the robotic arm. The project did not aim to push the boundaries of printing or make a statement in terms of robotic fabrication – instead, it proposed a methodology that actually allows experimental, state-of-the-art building techniques to be included in solving real life issues. Fig. 5: Woodframe of traditional house© The university of Hong K ong
66
Project Fig. 7: Aerial view of printed concrete walls © The university of Hong K ong
Challenging the perspectives on common practices of the built environment Technology affects most of us, but often fails to benefit a vast majority of people. In this process of a prototype house that can be further tailored to fit different needs of different households, the entire village was involved: apart from working with the trained wood craftsmen, untrained villagers were involved in the construction by helping to reassemble the roof tiling. From the beginning to end, local dwellers were cooking, cleaning, waterproofing for the rainy season, and doing all the adjacent jobs. The construction process of the house became an opportunity to earn income locally, and found ways to integrate more type of workers apart from skillets robotic technicians. The question of residents reactions came up often – however, the projects proposes a look into the traditional Chinese village that is beyond a romanticized, outdated Fig. 6: Robotic arm for printing, photograph © The university of Hong K ong
view. Most of the locals have jobs related to technology
67
84 | Additive Manufacturing Fig. 8: Interior and Exterior Photorgaphs of Traditional Hous of the Future © The university of Hong K ong
68
Project
(the area being host to many “Taobao villages”, where most of the technology we use is produced), so their relationship to technology is natural. The project gave an opportunity to consider key areas of sustainability – cultural and historical, environmental and technological – but its biggest driving force was to challenge, and counter propose perspectives on a currently rigid understanding of the built environment and the ones participating in or affected by it.
Lidia Ratoi
John Lin
@The University of Hong
@The University of Hong
Kong
Kong
Assistant Professor - Lidia
Professor of Architecture -
holds a degree in robotic
In 2005 when the Chinese
fabrication
government
from
IAAC
announced
Barcelona, the Open Thesis
its plan to urbanize half of
Fabrication
and
the remaining 700 million
program,
has
previously
completed
rural citizens by 2030,John
her
master’s
studies
in
recognized that the rural
UAUIM,
is at the frontlines of the
architecture Bucharest.
at In
HKU,
she
urbanization
process,
coordinating
and together with Joshua
the year 2 undergraduate
Bolchover established Rural
degree,
Urban
is
currently
projects material
and
works
on
investigating ecology
and
Framework
(RUF).
Conducted as a non-profit organization
providing
sustainability in the realm of
design services to charities
robotic fabrication. She has
and NGOs, RUF has built
previously taught at the Royal
or is currently engaged in
Danish Academy of Fine Arts,
various projects in diverse
School of Architecture.
villages
throughout
China
and Mongolia.
69
BT SPOTLIGHT Editor's note by Ramya Kumaraswamy The Building Technology Course is one of the five mastertracks offered at Bouwkunde at Delft University of Technology. The master track focuses on research, technological design and innovation, dealing with the newest technology and interacting with the current market. This programme offers a balance between applied research and design of buildings and building elements. BT Spotlight is a collection of works done by the students during their course. In this edition, BT Spotlight focuses on the integrated design studios- MEGA project and Extreme technology offered in the third quarter of the MSc1 BT program. The next edition will present the works from two integrated design studios of the fourth quarter - User-Centred Sustainability Studio and CORE (COmputational REpertoire for Architectural Design and Engineering). RuMoer Committee looks forward to see what the next edition has in store. Fig. 1: Photograph from Extreme final presentations © Job Schroën
ROTT-UP Ece Sel Course: MEGA (AR0139) MEGA is a collaborative integral multi-disciplinary design of a special big and/or tall building which could be a multifunctional skyscraper or a multifunctional building with a large span. Disciplines involved are: architecture, structural design, climate design, façade design, design/construction
management
and
computational
design/
BIM. Sustainability runs transversally across these disciplines.The disciplines are divided amongst the team members; each member is responsible for the contribution and integration of these aspects in the collective design. Students are encouraged to match their role in the team with the specialization they follow in the Master track.
Fig. 1: Group work; render by Ruben V.
84 | Additive Manufacturing
The ‘Rott Up’ is a high-rise building introducing a
the mega structures and partial secondary structure are
paradigm shift of urban land-use with its unique concept
designed for longevity. These elements are constructed
of combining a “macro-city”, serving the wider city at eye-
using concrete and steel to ensure their long-term
level by celebrating the urban flows by opening up to the
stability and performance. On the other side, the timber
Rotterdam Central station and Het Groot Handelsgebouw,
structure is designed for adaptability, acknowledging the
with the “micro-city”, a city on its own, replicating urban
potential for functional changes in the future as well as
life to create a sustainable and vibrant community in the
rapid construction with the modular cube structures. By
sky. The robust superstructure and modular infill cubes
incorporating that, the building can be reconfigured or
ensures the building is futureproof by providing an
repurposed without compromising its overall integrity.
optimal balance between longevity and adaptability. The
This adaptability aligns with evolving user requirements
design fosters a vibrant vertical community, departing
by reducing the need for extensive demolition and
from traditional anonymity and catering to the preferences
reconstruction. Furthermore, as construction materials
of next generations, envisioning an engaging, self-
significantly
contained urban hub for both residents and visitors
maximizes timber usage despite challenges in using it as
impact
the
environment,
this
design
a primary high-rise structural element. Structural Concept As the life span of the building elements has varying
Primary Longevity: a versatile grid-truss system, spans
life durations, the structural design approach takes
3.5 meters deep with a 4x4 meter grid, serving as a
into account two main concept as “longevity” and
multi-purpose floor acting as a basement and supporting
“adaptability” (Fig 2). The primary structure, comprising
the six timber-cubed storeys (Fig 3). The vertical piers, strategically positioned around the cores, bear vertical loads and provide wind stability. These piers optimized load-bearing for individual towers, reinforcing the building's structure (Fig 4). Seconday Adaptability and Longevity: timber glulam columns and beams, as modular cube structures, enable rapid construction and easy reconfiguration without compromising the building's integrity, crucial for the design's narrow plot size (Fig 5). In the macro city, concrete columns and beams are integrated. This ensures the necessary stability for mega structures while also serving an aesthetic purpose through exterior columns.
Fig. 2: Longetivity and Adaptability; © Ece S. & Pavan K.
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(Fig 6).
BT Spotlight Fig. 3: Mega Floors (Primary-Longevity); Ece S. & Pavan K.
Fig. 4: Vertical Piers (Primary-Longevity)
Fig. 5: Cube Structure (Secondary-Adaptability)
Fig. 6: Concrete Column & Beam (Secondary-Longevity)
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Group work in MEGA Mega is a course, where students get to change to
considered. The strong integration within the group
collaborate by focusing on diverse disciplines on
reflected both in the project’s design results and the
designing a high-rise, that is a scenario is very similar to
collaborative process itself, as well as everyone did learn
real life. The project has been done in close collaboration
a lot from each other. It was a great excitement to see at
with each team member, the figure 7 shows which software
the end that to know that the design “does work”. Overall,
was used by which role. It is divided into the main actions
the course was a great opportunity to experience an “a
of the projects digital workflow.
very like” real-life collaboration.
Collaborating with a passionate group was a standout
Team: Daniel
aspect of the course. From the start, all eight of the
Neuhaus, Pavan Sathyamurthy, Ece Sel, Bo Valkenburg,
members
Ruben Vos, Nils Wulfsen.
dedicated
hours
to
studio
discussions,
Aristizábal,
Dimitra
Mountaki,
Lara
consultations with other disciplines while designing
Received class awards: the most innovative design
disciplined-based parts, ensuring every idea was
award & the most integrated design award.
communication
Climate
visualisation
Computational Structural Architect Facade Management
data sharing
3D modeling
data handeling
design explo.
analysing
optimising Fig. 7: Digital workflows; Lara N.
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BT Spotlight Fig. 8: Group work; render by Ruben V.
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BUFFERING OASIS Carmen Guchelaar Course: EXTREME Technology (AR0142) The project is about building in a extreme situation, in respect to climate, location and function. Essence is the interaction between the extreme circumstances, the technical solutions, and the architecture. Extreme circumstances request technical solutions which will be the starting point for the design development. The designer has to direct the 'engineer questions and answers', towards the articulation of the form which is based on integration of aesthetic and technology. At the end of the course , the student is able to design a coherent, significant, elaborated, correct and innovative design - on mainline and on aspects – on Master 2 level.
Fig. 1: View of Buffering Oasis © Carmen G.
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In the Extreme course a design is developed taking into
Context and design concept
account Extreme weather conditions. This year the course
To accommodate for the extreme conditions a design
location was Pakistan, where extreme heat and floodings
concept was developed focusing on creating healthy and
occur. Half of the students worked on apartment buildings
safe housing, which uses local materials and simple and
in an urban setting and the other half on incremental
low-tech construction and climate control methods. This
housing in a rural setting. This project worked on the latter.
to make sure the housing is affordable and the people can build and expand their houses themselves.
Research The first part of the project consisted of a small research
Construction and climate control
into a specific topic of one’s own choice, which could later
A step by step guide was developed to show how the
be used in the design phase. The combination of high
housing can be simply built. The main building products
temperatures and high humidity levels and bad excess to
were Compressed Stabilized Earth Block (CSEB) and
electricity in rural Pakistan, fuelled a research into low-
bamboo and the building was elevated to be fully
tech solutions for dehumidification. A literature research
functional during most occurring floods. The focus for
and physical test gave the following conclusions which
the climate control solutions (Fig 2) were that they had
were used in the design: use of household desiccant
to be simple and low-tech. The main concept was that
materials; combine with induced ventilation; use building
the building had a lot of thermal mass and with using
materials with humidity buffering effect.
protrusion and canals in the walls the active surface
Fig. 2: Climate control concept summer; © Carmen G.
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mass functions to stabilize the indoor temperature. The double roof with overhangs shaded the building and night flushing could be used to get rid of heat. Furthermore desiccant materials could be used during humid periods to lower the humidity and wet clothes could be used for
BT Spotlight
area for the thermal mass could be doubled. The thermal
evaporative cooling during arid periods (Fig 3). Reflection This course gave the opportunity to dive into techniques and materials which would not be generally used in the Netherlands. Specifically focusing on simple and lowtech solutions was an experience which forced you to think outside of the box from which a lot was learned during this course. The most fun was made with making a lot of models and trying out connections and shapes in real life (Fig 4).
Fig. 3: Use of dehumidification and evaporative cooling ©Carmen G.
Fig. 4: Final model © Carmen G.
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Makers4Future Véronique van Minkelen Course: MEGA (AR0139) MEGA is a collaborative integral multi-disciplinary design of a special big and/or tall building which could be a multifunctional skyscraper or a multifunctional building with a large span. Disciplines involved are: architecture, structural design, climate design, façade design, design/construction
management
and
computational
design/
BIM. Sustainability runs transversally across these disciplines.The disciplines are divided amongst the team members; each member is responsible for the contribution and integration of these aspects in the collective design. Students are encouraged to match their role in the team with the specialization they follow in the Master track.
Fig. 1: Render © Véronique van Minkelen
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The design proposal by Team 01 for MEGA 2021, named
Overview of the design and context
"Makers 4 Future," represents a collaborative effort
MEGA-2021 centered on a highrise building project
exploring the intricacies of high-rise building design.
that demanded meticulous consideration of design,
Emphasizing multidisciplinary contributions, the team,
computation, engineering, and construction management.
comprising nine members across various roles, aimed to
The chosen site, M4H (Merwe-Vierhavens), poised for
integrate diverse perspectives into a singular, cohesive
urban renewal, symbolizes a transition from a traditional
design. This report delves into the comprehensive design
port area to a dynamic district combining work, living,
process and decisions made for the MEGA building,
and production. Named the "Makers District," this locale
focusing on its integration within the urban context,
fosters innovation, housing entrepreneurial ventures and
functions, sustainability, and architectural intricacies.
knowledge institutions.
BT Spotlight
Design principles and integration The design vision hinged on six core principles, emphasizing contrast, coherence, landscape integration, public orientation, extension of the Makersstraat, and architectural transparency. These principles aimed to harmonize the building with its surroundings, foster inclusivity, and exhibit innovative aspects while ensuring integration into the cityscape. Functionality and Collaboration: The MEGA building accommodates seven distinct functions, necessitating a cohesive integration of spaces. The collaborative process involved daily interactions among
team
members,
ensuring
each
discipline
contributed insights and solutions throughout the project stages. Challenges were addressed, and a balance between individual tasks and group dynamics was sought.
Fig. 3: Climate principle © Frank V.
Management and Reflection: Reflecting
on
the
acknowledgment in
facilitating
of
managerial challenges
interdisciplinary
role,
faced,
there's especially
communication
and
setting clear visions from project onset. Learning from difficulties, managing remote collaboration, and guiding the team revealed the importance of clear communication and proactive planning. Architectural Contributions: The architect's role in synthesizing the project's interdisciplinary aspects emerged as crucial. The architectural design evolved from a clear concept, incorporating diverse functional needs and integrating with structural, facade, and climate considerations. Fig. 4: Facade for dwelling; © Mariana G. and Thomas L.
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Fig. 5: Render © Max M.
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The MEGA 2021 project offered invaluable lessons
Both courses held distinct strengths: the MEGA course
in
inclusivity,
enabled intricate collaboration and project management,
sustainability, and integrative architecture. Despite
collaborative
design,
emphasizing
whereas Extreme fostered creativity through freedom
challenges, the team's dedication and collaborative
and real-case scenarios. Ultimately, these experiences
spirit underscored the creation of "Makers 4 Future,"
enriched the skill set, providing invaluable insights
a landmark highrise embodying diverse functionalities
applicable to future careers in architecture.
BT Spotlight
MEGA vs. EXTREME
within an innovative, urban context. Throughout the course, the primary challenge involved
Team: Max Meere, Véronique van Minkelen,
the integration of nine different styles and perspectives
Vahstal, Irene Zanotto, Mariana Georgoulopoulou,
from various roles, resulting in numerous discussions
Thomas Lindemann,
on task allocation and individual responsibilities. Clear
Uijtendaal.
Frank
Feiyang Lei, Haihan Yu, Roy
schedules and well-defined roles were deemed essential in navigating this collaborative process. As the architect, the experience provided a learning curve in managing a complex group project and effectively merging diverse strengths. The workload proved notably high, presenting a significant challenge, yet the ultimate outcome showcased a wealth of details encapsulating extensive learning opportunities within a single building. Engaging in the MEGA course allowed for an exploration of the complexities involved in managing a multifaceted project with various stakeholders, honing skills in architectural design within a collaborative setting. Simultaneously participating in the Extreme course provided unparalleled design freedom. While the depth of climate, structural, and building construction knowledge wasn't exceedingly high, the course facilitated the exploration of challenging concepts based on individual preferences. The relaxed schedule, supported by fantastic instructors, provided an environment conducive to learning without overwhelming time constraints.
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RESILIENT RURAL HOUSING Kuba Wyszomirski Course: EXTREME Technology (AR0142) The project is about building in a extreme situation, in respect to climate, location and function. Essence is the interaction between the extreme circumstances, the technical solutions, and the architecture. Extreme circumstances do request technical solutions which will be the starting point for the design development. The designer has to direct the 'engineer questions and answers', towards the articulation of the form which is based on integration of aesthetic and technology. At the end of the course , the student is able to design a coherent, significant, elaborated, correct and innovative design - on mainline and on aspects – on Master 2 level.
Fig. 1: Render © Kuba W.
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Concept and Design The project is a multi-person housing in Sibi in eastern Pakistan (Fig. 1). Sibi falls within a seismically active zone and experiences a moderate, seasonal flood risk due to its location near the Nari River. Most buildings in the region are made from Adobe, a low-cost, widely available and a fully circular material. However due to its brittleness, low tensile strength and behaviour when in contact with water it is extremely fragile during natural disasters. This posed a key and defining challenge for the project.
Fig. 3: Construction process ©Kuba W.
Unit’s geometry follows a shape of a catenary dome – ensuring that adobe is in compression only. It was further computationally optimised building on a thrust line analysis to ensure that a thrust line fits into the dome regardless of the in-plane earthquake direction (Fig. 2). The final structure includes deep concrete foundations, two layers of adobe brick with a bamboo mesh interwoven between the brick-work to ensure some ductility and wire wrapping placed around the openings of the structure to Fig. 2: Optimization process © Kuba W.
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resist localised stresses.
for experimental construction methods. The domes are
The complex geometry of the dome, taking into account
constructed using a number of reusable formworks:
low financial resources of rural Pakistan, forced a search
wooden and pneumatic inflatable (Fig. 3).
BT Spotlight
The Dome
Fig. 4: Construction toolkit © Kuba W.
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builders an algorithmic simulation of plans and façade panels was put together using Grasshopper. It shows different configurations of the floor plan and façade panels and can allow for simulations of its evolution.
BT Spotlight
In order to support the decision making of the local
The final problem was to ensure comfortable climatic conditions inside the units and protect from the desert climate of Sibi. This was achieved with insulating the wall’s cavities as well as ensuring cross ventilation within units. During the winter season the warm air can be trapped inside by closing a special opening at the top (Fig. 8).
Fig. 6: Facade panel example © Kuba W.
In Sibi housing is in a constant state of change and evolution, adapting its capacity and boundaries to the changing structure of the family and the local community. With the evolving plan very often one unit might change its function multiple times. This was another key challenge for the project. To tackle that the brick domes, with a lifespans of several decades will be equipped with large openings to which modular facades can be fitted according to sun orientation, required privacy level, and spatial relation to other rooms (Fig. 6). The facades combine local, easily accessible materials such as bamboo, lime plaster and rice husk (Fig. 7).
Fig. 7: Facade materials © Kuba W.
Fig. 8: Ventilation © Kuba W.
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DEBUT 2023: Earthquake Resilience Interview with Ece Sel (BouT Chairperson) and Sander Bentvelsen (Chair of Company relations) by Ramya Kumaraswamy and Fieke from RuMoer. Rumoer: What is the debut event? What is the purpose of this event? Ece: The DEBUT event is an annual event of BouT and one of the highlighted student events within Bouwkunde TU Delft emphasising the pivotal role of student-industry collaboration while raising awareness about specific topics. As the DEBUT team, we view this as a significant opportunity for companies to engage with students who could become future employees upon graduation as well as to further collaborate with the other companies involved in the event.
Fig. 1: Debut event 2023: group image © BouT
QR1: Bout website
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Rumoer: What was the Debut 2023 theme about? Why did you choose this theme? Ece: Every year, there are over a million earthquakes worldwide. Sadly, earthquakes have caused over a million deaths. We also witnessed this in the 6th February earthquake in Turkiye by causing casualties over 50 thousand in Turkiye and Syria and affecting 16% of the Turkish population. A similar earthquake happened in Morocco by causing over 3.000 lives. Thus, by taking in consideration those natural disasters we chose to focus on earthquakes as natural phenomena and them turning into disasters. As a person, who has closely witnessed
Fig. 2: Student case work © BouT
the amount of destruction the earthquake provided for
Municipality to procure real-life documents regarding
my own country, I specifically felt the responsibility to do something as much as we can, at least raising an awareness and brainstorming on the possibilities. The key question guiding this focus is the understanding that natural phenomena themselves aren't disasters inherently; rather, it's our response and preparedness that determine the scale of the disaster. As engineers and architects, there's a pivotal role in designing and constructing structures that minimise damage and enhance safety, potentially averting such catastrophic outcomes.
Ece: We focused on an earthquake-prone zone, aiming to generate ideas that could significantly reduce Presently, Istanbul is expecting a
major earthquake proven by scientific data, with a Mw around 7.2, which is believed to be highly destructive. We obtained information from the Istanbul Municipality concerning estimated losses and damages in the event of an earthquake. Furthermore, we contacted the
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during this expected seismic activity. The students and attending companies were asked to focus on one of the proposed scales and intervention levels to mitigate the risk by thinking about the local people, economy and the rich history the city has. Sander: The students were given the choice of selecting their own emergency management phase, and intervention level when thinking about earthquake management in Istanbul. They could focus on Mitigation, Preparedness,
Rumoer: What was the case designed for the students?
potential damage.
a school building evacuated due to the risk of collapse
Response, or Recovery and combine such a phase with either the urban, architectural or technical scale. Giving the students this amount of freedom was useful to allow the varying range of companies to assist with their own experience. For instance, a company with structural knowledge could collaborate with students to come up with an innovative bracing system on the technical level. While a company more focussed on computation was free to develop a framework for building retrofitting assessment in the city.
BouT
Rumoer: What companies were involved? Did they have any prior experience/ expertise in the debut topic? Sander: This year, in no particular order, the attending companies were Witteveen+Bos, Scheldebouw, RoyalHaskoning, OMRT, Mobius Consult & Aldowa. It’s a range of engineering and consultancy firms that specialise in varying disciplines in the building industry, for instance: area development, structural and façade engineering, climate and sustainability, parametric design etc. What was difficult this year was to connect the companies’ expertise with the topic of earthquake resilience in Istanbul, as not every company had the prerequisite
Fig. 3: Lecture Job Schroën © BouT
knowledge or experience in tackling earthquake prone
design as he is currently involved in several earthquake
regions. However, like I said, we tried to phrase the problem statement in such a way that allowed the companies to apply their knowledge in a more widespread manner. That being said, I will advise the planners of next year’s event to ask the companies themselves to come up with their own cases. This is how the day was structured in the past and remains a golden formulae for student and company collaboration. Rumoer: How was the whole day designed/scheduled? Sander: During the first half of the day the students that attended the event got to meet the companies they signed up for prior to the event. In three 30 minute sessions company representatives got to explain to groups of students what their company does and why they are interested in us as building technology students, after which there was time to ask questions. It’s actually very similar to an information market. Then the second part of the day started, focussed around earthquake resilience in Istanbul. Here Job Schroën BK spoke about his experience in earthquake resilient
resilience projects. After which Juliet Schutten from TU Global Initiative Student Club took over. Explaining how the designs of the students could be further developed with the help of TU Global, in case they wanted to continue developing their design solutions and make a further impact. After lunch the students got to collaborate with their chosen company and together they developed a range of design solutions, which they presented at the end of the day. With the help of our guest jury there was an award ceremony and finally some concluding drinks at the Bouwpub. Rumoer: What was the outcome of the event? Ece: We achieved great outcomes by the end of the event, even though it was a short workshop day. Creative ideas surfaced as it provided an excellent opportunity to brainstorm collectively with students and attending companies. Some groups developed interdisciplinary ideas, integrating mapping, technical technologies and architectural approaches, while leveraging the diverse
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expertise of the companies. Other groups focused on creative technical and structural details to mitigate earthquake magnitudes, and some directed their attention towards the local community, identifying their needs while preserving their history and culture. Ultimately, three different prizes were awarded by the Jury Members: Simona Bianchi, Job Schroën and Marcel Bilow. •
The Most impactful: An Urban Solution for Earthquake Prevention, by Shake Up (Witteveen + Bos)
• •
The Most collaborative: Locating Safe Spots by Safe Havens (Royal HaskoningDHV)
Fig. 4: Debut organising team © BouT
The most innovative: One damper to rule them all by
fun along the way. One of the most important things we
Lord of the Ring moBius Ring (moBius Consult) One of the most crucial aspects of this collaboration was the diversity of backgrounds and focus areas among participants, which significantly strengthened the end results. It was evident that many groups combined the innovative ideas of students with the creative perspectives and technology offered by the collaborating companies. We hope that some of these projects might serve as an excellent starting point for further earthquake-resilient initiatives for students or anyone interested in this field. Rumoer: How was your experience in organising the event? Ece: From the start, we had a great Debut team excited about organising the event, and felt honorful to do something for a global problem. With our special guest lecturer Job Schroën, TU Global Student Association and our Jury members the event even became stronger. Collaborating with attending companies was one of the fun parts of the day. Also as the Debut team, we did have
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have noticed is that we do have impacts within the events we realise whether it is just raising awareness to a global problem or initiating an idea. Thus, we always should put our efforts to do something for a better society. I specifically would like to thank the main chair of the Debut event and my co-organizator, Sander, for his effort and of course the whole team! Sander: It was a great experience! It was fun to see so many people with so much input and a great feeling having organised such a day. In the end the effort of 14 of our students helped to organise this day in some way or another, so having this many people on board was of great help. The feedback we received was mostly positive, I was told it was generally well structured and people told they enjoyed the day. Even if the award ceremony became a bit hectic at the end, or that the case challenge could’ve been more applicable to the expertise of companies. I feel like the students and companies truly connected with one another and now have a better understanding of one another. Ultimately that's what this day is all about.
ALDOWA Experts in metal Façades
Interested in script driven adaptive design, Automation, Visual scripting, or Robotics? Email us at INfo@aldowa.nl
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Academic Year Event Chart September 2023 to January 2024
08-09-2023 BT Barbeque
Q1
100
19-09-2023 Lunch lecture - OMRT
27 - 09-2023 Master drinks 05-10-2023 Cultural trip - Tilburg
10-10-2023 Lunch lecture - Gevel Advies
BouT 17-10-2023 International potluck dinner
22-11-2023 Master drinks
01 - 12-2023 DEBUT 2023
14- 12-2023 Pub crawl
More events coming up! ?
15 - 11 -2023 Pre-Debut 2023
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Silver Sponsors:
Bronze Sponsors:
2nd quarter 2024
https://issuu.com/rumoer https://bouttudelft.nl/ rumoer@praktijkverenigingbout.nl rumoer_bt bout_tud