Ryan McKay | Senior Project | S16
Los Angeles Art Grid
EXIST Cities across the country value art, culture and the push to become sustainable, Los Angeles included. Using public art as the medium, this project will bring culture and sustainability to the forefront. Designing a series of public art pieces, capable of generating renewable energy, I will research the cohesion of energy production and aesthetics. Setting guidelines and benchmarks, these pieces of art will be economically beneficial and increase a cities value. From a single work, to a network, the possibilities are boundless.
EXIST 1
EXIST 2
Table of Contents IDEA The PROBLEMS
4 6-9
City of Los Angeles
10
The SOLUTION
13
The PROCESS
14
The JUSTIFICATION
16
Precedent Studies
18- 21
GOALS & OBJECTIVES
22
Professional Contacts
24
Bibliography
24
TIMELINE
25
Personal Bio
26
EXIST 3
IDEA
PUBLIC ART+ RENEWABLE ENERGY
EXIST 4
Energy X Innovation = Sustainable Technology PROJECT SCOPE
With a relatively new idea, such as renewable energy art, the first task will be defining and constructing guidelines to produce a renewable energy producing art piece. Once designed this piece will illustrate the economic and social benefit of this new type of art. Expanding on this idea, we can begin to see the economic impact these art pieces would have if there were multiples. Often cities promote art, and invest large sums of money for static pieces of sculpture or murals, but
with renewable energy art, like EXIST that would no longer be a concern. EXIST would pay off the art piece’s original cost and further supply a new source of energy for the city. Building from there, we intend to but together a proposal for a system or grid of EXIST pieces for the city of Los Angeles. Imagine the possibilities of a city or district powered by art, the bounds are endless.
EXIST 5
THE PROBLEMS 1
EXIST 6
Growing dependency on electricity
A
B
C
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E
F
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California
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Type Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Wind Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Wind Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Geothermal Wind Solar PV Wind Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar Thermal Solar PV Wind Solar PV Wind Wind Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Biomass/Landfill Gas Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Biomass/Landfill Gas Solar PV Solar Thermal Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Biomass/Landfill Gas Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Wind Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV
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Type Solar PV Wind Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Wind Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Wind Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Geothermal Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Wind Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Small hydro Solar PV Biomass/Landfill Gas Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Geothermal Solar PV Wind Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Wind Wind Solar PV Biomass/Landfill Gas Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Wind Wind Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Biomass/Landfill Gas Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Wind Solar PV Small hydro Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Wind Geothermal Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Wind Solar PV Solar PV Wind Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Wind
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Type Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Wind Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Biomass/Landfill Gas Solar PV Geothermal Geothermal Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Wind Wind Solar PV Wind Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar Thermal Solar PV Wind Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Wind Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV Solar PV
Status Approved Under Construction EIR Published Approved Approved Under Construction EIR Published In review In review In review Under Construction Under Construction Approved-On Hold In review Application Filed Approved Approved-On Hold Approved-On Hold Approved-On Hold In review Approved Approved Approved In review Approved Approved In review Approved Approved Approved Approved Approved Approved Approved-On Hold Under Construction Approved Approved Approved Approved Approved Approved Approved Approved Approved Approved EIR Published EIS Published Under Construction Approved In review In review In review Approved Approved-On Hold Approved In review Approved Approved Application Filed Approved In review EIR Published Approved Approved Approved In review In review Approved Approved Approved Approved Approved Approved Approved
MW 1.5 10.0 12.0 10.9 11.5 13.3 200.0 5.0 20.0 20.0 105.0 150.0 15.0 7.0 20.0 19.0 20.0 19.0 40.0 20.0 20.0 89.5 40.0 1.5 1.5 4.0 44.0 20.0 2.0 40.0 49.0 49.0 13.0 38.0 200.0 15.0 15.0 35.0 40.0 35.0 20.0 40.0 80.0 186.0 14.0 20.0 60.0 2.0 3.5 3.5 100.0 1.0 3.0 50.0 10.0 70.0 1.5 1.5 50.0 10.0 1.5 2400.0 2.0 20.0 40.0 20.0 15.0 30.0 150.0 7.5 100.0 200.0 20.0 1.0
Grid D-8 E-10 F-10 C-6 D-10 F-11 F-8 F-11 F-11 F-11 F-10 F-10 E-9 D-8 D-9 D-8 E-9 E-9 E-9 D-9 F-11 C-7 D-9 F-11 F-11 F-11 G-10 D-9 E-9 F-10 B-6 B-6 D-8 B-5 D-8 D-8 D-8 D-8 D-8 D-8 D-8 D-8 E-9 G-13 G-13 D-9 E-10 C-7 F-12 E-11 E-10 H-12 D-8 F-11 G-11 B-5 E-10 C-6 D-9 F-11 D-9 D-9 D-9 D-9 D-9 F-12 D-10 H-12 F-10 F-10 H-11 C-8 F-10 C-5
§ ¦ ¨ 5
Bannister
( Oceanside!
( " )!
San Diego County
Imperial County
" )Midway
( !
§ ¦ ¨ 15
Sycamore - Penasquitos 230kV
Sycamore - Penasquitos
Sycamore Canyon
Sycamore - Penasquitos
Penasquitos " )
" )
Sunrise Powerlink
" )Suncrest
§ ¦ ¨ "
Dixieland
Sunrise Powerlink
" )
( !
8
San Diego
Miguel
§ ¦ ¨
Southwest
5
Powerlink
Fern
El Centro
" )
" )
( !
El Centro
Highline
" )
El Centro - Highline 230kV
Liebert " ) " ) Imperial Valley
( !
( !
Calexico
( !
Southwest Powerlink
13
" ) ECO Southwest Powerlink/Sunrise Powerlink
Renewable Energy Projects in Development 12/17/2015
Biomass/Landfill 73 MW
Geothermal 355 MW Small Hydro 5 MW
Wind 2,765 MW
Solar Thermal 700 MW
:
Solar PV 18,047 MW
1:1,175,000 0
0
12.5
12.5
25
25
50 Miles
50 Kilometers
Inquiries about this map or to purchase other maps contact the Energy Commission GIS Unit at 916-654-3902
21,945 MW Total
DISCLAIMER: The California Energy Commission makes no warranties, whether expressed or implied, as to the suitability or accuracy of the product for any particular purpose. Any use of this information is at the user's own risk.
Document Path: T:\Projects\CEC\DRECP\2015 Projects\REAT\Transmission Projects w Renewable_Projects_12_17 2015.mxdDate Saved: 12/24/2015 9:30:18 AM
Renewable Energy
Transmission Lines
Dependency Continuing to propel ourselves into the technological future, we’ve come to a crossroads. Our daily lives, as American’s, have become dependent on electronic devices, power and non-renewable resources, which have cost us our natural environment. Recognizing this damage we have come to realize we must change our habits, but the question is how, when all we do is continue to connect another device to the grid. Historically California has experienced a relatively level use of energy per capita, but this isn’t to say our energy needs have decreased. Increase in population and sustainable initiatives have driven our demand for electricity up and are forecasted to rise. A forecast study, conducted in 2013 by the Governors Office, examined the 2014-2024 California Energy Trends, based off specific electric districts. Findings for Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, show a positive growth rate from 1.33% to 0.49% depending on level of demand. Combined with the economic and employment rate increase by the tourism and the film industry, this rate of growth is more than double what actually occurred during the 90’s and 00’s. With a growing population of over 3 million, and 45% (on average) of an American’s day being dependent on some sort of technological device, Los Angeles is in search of an answer to combat this dependency.
Maps from California Energy Commission
Seventy percent of the power used by the city of Los Angeles is for city, business and industrial purposes. Coal and natural gas also remain the cities main source of power. Recently though LADWP has a plan to generate 30% of the companies electricity through renewable resources by 2020. Currently they stand at 20% and is produced outside of the city limits.
Current Energy Sources (as of 2012)1
33% coal
21%
natural gas
20%
renewable energy
10%
nuclear
12% other
EXIST 7
THE PROBLEMS 2
EXIST 8
Funding public art
Existing Programs
CultureLA.org
Public Art While the advancements of the arts is highly valued in some circles, there remains a utilitarian viewpoint that art provides no greater value than aesthetics and therefore deemed unnecessary for a city. Further investment through public funds, is merely a waste of tax payers money, when that money could be spent on other services, such as better education or city infrastructure. Like most cities, Los Angeles addresses the issue of public art through their Department of Cultural Affairs. With a mission to: “strength the quality of life in Los Angeles by stimulating and supporting arts and cultural activities, ensuring public access to the arts for residents and visitors alike” the DCA works to ensure the preservation and cultivation of art for the neighborhoods of LA. Through grants, programs, marketing and maintenance, the DCA unifies the city of Los Angeles’ creative pulse and funds public projects for its continued success.
Public Works Improvements Arts Program (PWIAP)1 the city mandates that one percent of the total cost of all construction, improvements, or renovation projects undertaken by the city be set aside for public art projects in compliance with pwiap.
Private Arts Development Fee Program (ADF)1 the city requires that each owner of a private development project, valued at $500,000 or more, pay an arts fee based on the square footage of the building or one-percent of the project’s Building and Safety permit valuation, whichever is lower.
EXIST 9
City Of
LOS ANGELES
With a dynamic and growing city fabric, Los Angeles is California’s largest city and makes it into many top ten lists of metropolitan areas. Highly impoverished, yet uber wealthy Los Angeles is in no short of people or infrastructure. With over 3 million residents, LA’s population is second in the country and in a position where number of people grows but space does not. With a wide array of areas such as coastal, urban downtown, residential suburbs and rolling hill communities, the ultimate unification of all of these under one city governance, is almost impossible. Currently 96 neighborhoods, spread over 465 sq. miles, leading Los Angeles to be a dynamic and ever-changing city open to suggestion.
EXIST 10
SANTA CLARITA
SI E R
Land Use Plans RA
HW
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OLIVE VIEW DR
GAVINA
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HUBBAR
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HASKELL AVE
VALJEAN AVE
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HAYVENHURST AVE
LA CANADA FLINTRIDGE
Y
CLYBOURN AVE
TUJUNGA AVE
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108TH ST
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111TH ST
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PARAMOUNT
Commercial Manufacturing
GARDENA MANHATTAN BEACH
Limited Industrial
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Light Industrial
GARDENA BLVD
FIGUEROA ST
Heavy Industrial Hybrid Industrial
18 2ND
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Multi-Family Residential
190TH
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3,928,864
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WESTERN AVE
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WEYMOUTH AVE
LONG BEACH
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HAR BOR BLVD
Mixed Use Commercial - Residential
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Regional Mixed Commercial
I ST
I ST
BROAD AVE
FRIES AVE
Community Commercial Regional Commercial
HENRY FORD AVE
A ST
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ROLLING HILLS ESTATES
General or Highway Oriented Commercial
AVALON BLVD
PALOS VERDES ESTATES
SIGNAL HILL
LOMITA BLVD
NORMANDIE AVE
Commercial Neighborhood or Neighborhood Office Commercial
2014 and 2012 information
BLVD
WESTERN AVE
Very High
NO RMANDIE AVE
High
ST
223RD ST
High Medium
Limited Commercial
Los Angeles
LAKEWOOD
TORRANCE BLVD
CARSON ST
TORRANCE
Medium
ALAMEDA
Public Facilities
WESTERN AVE
DEL AMO BLVD
Open Space
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ST
NO RMANDIE AVE
Open Space and Public Facilities
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Very Low II Low
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Facts & Figures
DOWNEY
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MANCHESTER AVE
MANCHESTER AVE
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LA CIENEGA BLVD
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BLVD
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MELRO SE AVE
W ILSHIRE BLVD
BLVD WILS
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AVENU
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BLVD
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BLVD
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FRANKLIN AVE
FRANKLIN AVE
SUNSET BLVD
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DR
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M
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LAUREL CANYON BLVD
VAN NUYS BLVD
SEPULVEDA BLVD
HAYVE N HURST AVE
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RIVERSIDE
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MOO RPARK ST
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DR
RIVERSIDE DR
TA BL V D
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MAGNOLIA BLVD
EY LL
CALABASAS
LORENA
FULTON AVE
CHANDLER BLVD
MAGNOLIA BLVD
SE RO AD
G OLF C
GLENDALE
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KESTER AVE
BALBOA BLVD
HAZELTINE AVE
BURBANK BLVD
BLVD
AN
BURBANK
VICTORY BLVD
OXNARD ST
CO LFAX AVE
WOODLEY AVE
WHITE OAK AVE
RDW
AVE
LO UISE AVE
EST
CLYBOURN
TAMPA AVE
BLVD
THW
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SOU
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BLVD OU R
LANKERSHIM BLVD
VAN NUYS BLVD
WILBUR AVE
RESEDA BLVD
CANOGA AVE
WINNETKA AVE
CO RBIN AVE
PL ATT AV E
SHOUP AVE
DE SOTO AVE
D
KS
ROA
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GL
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AVE
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CAN O GA AVE
ST
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BLV
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STRATHERN ST
ST
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RA
AVE
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TOPANGA CANYON BLVD
LA TUNA CANYON ROA D
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STRATHERN ST
SHERMAN WAY
VICTORY BLVD
BURBANK BLVD
D DR
EL
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FALLBROOK AVE
TUJUNGA AVE
N ST SHELDO
PARTHENIA S T
SEPULVEDA B LVD
PLATT AVE
TUJUNGA CANYON BLVD
LA
ST
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ZELZAH AVE
WOODLEY AVE
TUN NE Y
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BALBOA BLVD
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AVE
ORN
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BLV
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HAYVENHURST AVE
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EST
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AVE
TAMPA AVE
SOU
DE SOTO AVE
D
AN DM
CO RBIN AVE
ROA
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BLVD
MASO N AVE
D
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VALL MULHOL
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DO
LL
VANOWEN ST
OXNARD ST
GA CANYO
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NORDHOFF ST
ST
BURBANK BLVD
HIDDEN HILLS
AGOURA HILLS
REL LAU
BE
BLVD
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FOOTHILL BLVD
ST BELLA TERRA
STAG G ST
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WENT WORTH ST
WENTW ORTH ST
NAN
PARTH ENIA
ROSCOE BLVD
SATICOY ST
YO N BLVD
ST
KS
AVE
ROSCOE BLVD
DEVONSHIRE ST
PLUMMER ST
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AND B RDR
SAN F ERNANDO MISSION BLVD
CHAT SW ORTH ST
AVE
LASSEN ST MARILLA ST
NOA GLE
BLVD
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RINALDI ST
CHAT SW ORTH ST
DEVONSHIRE ST
ND
N AV E
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SAN FERNANDO
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BLV D
LVD NB
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SAN
NON SES
SESNO
9TH ST
Data Sources: L.A. City Boundary - DPW, Bureau of Engineering County Roadways - © 2010 Thomas Brothers Maps, Inc.
PACIFIC AVE
13TH ST
Disclaimer:
19TH ST
25TH
The City of Los Angeles is neither responsible nor liable for any inaccuracies, errors or omissions with respect to the material contained on this map. This map and all materials contained on it are distributed and transmitted "as is" without warranties of any kind, either express or implied, including without limitation, warranties of title or implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. The City of Los Angeles is not responsible for any special, indirect, incidental, or consequential damages that may arise from the use of, or the inability to use, the map and/or the materials contained on the map whether the materials contained on the map are provided by the City of Los Angeles, or a third party
ST
22ND ST
PASEO M AR
PASEO
DEL
GAFFEY ST
DEL
MAR
SHEPARD ST
City of Los Angeles Department of City Planning
Geographic Information Systems
0
Miles 1
0.5
2
SANTA CLARITA
Copyright © 2015 Department of City Planning All Rights Reserved
Prepared by: Systems , GIS and Graphics Division - May, 2015
Michael LoGrande, Director - Los Angeles Department of City Planning
THE
SIE R
General Land Use RA
HW
Y
OLD
R
D OA
2014 populaiton1
ROX
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ST
B LVD FOOTHILL
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RINALDI ST
R INALD I ST BR A N D
SEPULVEDA BLVD
VESPER AVE
AN
LANKERSHIM BLVD
VINELAND AVE
RESEDA BLVD
VAN NUYS BLVD
SEPULVEDA BLVD
WOODMAN AVE
LDWATER CANYON AVE
GLENDALE
CO
BURBANK BLVD
VINELAND AVE
DA
BROADW AY
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BAR
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VERMONT AVE
L
MAYWOOD
HUNTINGTON PARK BELL WESTERN AVE
CRENSHAW B LVD
BLVD RA TIJE LA
FLORENCE AVE
INGLEWOOD
MANCHESTER AVE
34.6
median age1
CITY OF COMMERCE
C ENTIN E LA AVE
BLVD
EN
VERNON
SLAUSON AVE
SLAUSON AVE
DR
B LVD
OVER H ILL
BLVD ER CULV FERSON
IC BLVD
24TH ST
41ST ST
N BLVD
JEF
4T H ST
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BLV D
BROA
MARTIN LUTH ER KING, JR BLVD
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BLVD
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Data Sources: L.A. City Boundary , Streets and Highway designation - DPW, Bureau of Engineering ; County Roadways and County Names -
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Generalized Circulation is for reference only. For detailed information, see the “Streets and Highway Designation” maps prepared and maintained by Public Worsks/Bureau of Engineering (navigate.lacity.org/common/mapgallery/street_designation.cfm).
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The City of Los Angeles is neither responsible nor liable for any inaccuracies, errors or omissions with respect to the material contained on this map. This map and all materials contained on it are distributed and transmitted "as is" without warranties of any kind, either express or implied, including without limitation, warranties of title or implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. The City of Los Angeles is not responsible for any special, indirect, incidental, or consequential damages that may arise from the use of, or the inability to use, the map and/or the materials contained on the map whether the materials contained on the map are provided by the City of Los Angeles, or a third party
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Copyright © 2015 Department of City Planning All Rights Reserved
Michael LoGrande, Director - Los Angeles Department of City Planning
neighborhoods
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1. factfinder.census.gov 2. LA Department of Neighborhood Empowerment
Prepared by: Systems, GIS and Graphics Division May, 2015
EXIST 11
Project
Opportunities
Diversity: Art thrives under a veil of
THE SOLUTION
1. Create a series of renewable energy art pieces that work to remove the negative stigma of public art. 2. Realizing the arts potential, propose the implementation of an art grid to activate and support an area of Los Angeles.
creativity and personal expression in which it may be accepted by some and denied by others. The vast diversity in communities and culture present in Los Angeles would help the project to have its own unique character.
Current Infrastructure: This plan could simply build onto the existing plans and system so infrastructure currently in place. Existing Public Art: Los Angeles’ already invests and promotes the arts
Acceptance of new ideas: An innovative plan, would most likely be accepted, since change and new ideas are accepted and part of Los Angeles city government history.
Who does this benefit? Planning for all of the City of Los Angeles, this project would benefit the city’s residents, tourists, business owners, local artists, innovators and engineers. Blending art with energy generating technology, would benefit those in the art pieces presence and whatever the energy generated is used for. While the idea of renewable energy generation as art, is fairly new and uncommon, this doesn’t mean it will limit its abilities to influence the masses. Constructing aesthetically pleasing clean energy generators around the city of Los Angeles would beautify the city and maintain its current presences of art and culture. Using local artists and engineers to conceive of these projects, this network of art will also generate power to be used in public parks, city streets, water features and create new community gathering spaces.
Renewable Energy Desire: A push for renewable energy, by the city, could help promote acceptance of this project.
Constraints
Cost: A project of this scale and innovation
would require high costs, especially for a city already underfunded.
Available Space: Space will be needed for large projects to create enough usable energy to make the projects worth it.
Negative Stigma: Renewable energy’s
developmental cost in not worth the benefit.
Connection: Finding an element of unification will be difficult in a city of disconnected parts.
EXIST 13
THE PROCESS 3
PHASES
PHASE 1:
THE ARTIST
Create a piece of art that is not only aesthetically pleasing but also functional, as it generates it’s own renewable energy.
PHASE 2:
THE ECONOMIST
After the creation and benefits of a single piece of art have been realized, utilizing one form of renewable energy. A series of pieces will be created, using a variety of renewable resources (such as wind, solar, tidal, etc.) to show the economic benefit of each piece of art. Through diagrams, infographics and calculation, these pieces of art will no longer be unnecessary or frivolous but rather an economic benefit to the community.
PHASE 3:
THE VISIONARY
Promoting smart cities and community involvement, the investment made into renewable energy art or EXIST, would be the next step for cities. Working with local businesses, park services, schools and new construction projects, the money already set aside for public art advancement could be used for art that would pay itself off. Strategic investment could evolve into the up and coming invention of innovation districts, by creating a grid of art pieces that help to sustain a micro-community.
Creative-Class Theory Richard Florida
THE JUSTIFICATION In providing justification for EXIST, the use of various theories will help to focus my research on the latter phases of my project.
What is an innovation district? Known as “innovation districts,� new urban models have begun defining and promoting the development of geographic areas that create leading-edge business centric communities. Physically compact, transitacceptable and technically wired, these communities provide synergy for business, retail and life. Placing creative people within a dynamic environment can lead to the greater innovation and development of open ideas. Currently the United States has seen the planning of these districts in many of its main urban centers. One of the biggest upsides to these centers are their ability to promote social and economic equality. As a community supported by its citizens, the gaps between socio-economic classes and educational disparities are not highlighted. Linking an innovation district with a system of renewable energy art, could be a key to phase 3 in the up-scaling in the size of EXIST. EXIST 16
the key dimension of economic competitiveness no longer lies in large endowments of raw materials or natural resources or even labor cost advantages. Rather, it turns on the ability to attract, cultivate and mobilize creative assets. (Florida and Tingali 2004, p. 12) Using the creative class (a particular social group who contributes to society through the generation of new ideas and arts) as a planning organization, a city can add value in attractiveness, economic growth and culture. No creative city is complete without what Florida references as the 3T’s of success, which are technology, talent and tolerance. In order to achieve this ideal society, Florida outlines four goals cities must take in order to guarantee its success: Maintain authenticity and create distinctiveness Adoption of a small-scale approach to urban development Create attractions to appeal to younger individuals, their interests and lifestyles Take measures to facilitate and support
Mere-Exposure Theory R. B. Zanjoc
Sustainable energy and art both have negative stigmas. Some find that the development and resources used for the creation of sustainable design projects are not worth the outcome because we are currently okay without them. Using this theory for this project, I could research the amount of pieces needed for our psyche to be comfortable and conditioned to its presence. This theory could also lead to further research into the negative connotations of art and renewable energy production.
Precedent Study
TriMet: Public Art Program City of Portland, Oregon
In an effort to engage the city’s public transportation infrastructure, TriMet has successfully implemented multiple networks of public art.
Mission:
Promote transit use and community pride by integrating permanent and temporary art works into the public transit system - celebrating the contributions of public transportation and recognizing the cultural richness in each region.
Project
ART CRITERIA With over three hundred pieces of art, it is difficult to make the network appear cohesive. These 5 elements, are used by the art committee in selecting a new piece of art.
Continuity:
build on the success of the original transit
Take Away
As a network of art pieces, this project successfully builds upon an existing infrastructure through phasing. Investing in one metro line at a time, the project goes from neighborhood to neighborhood building a collection of works that represent the values and needs for each location. Overall this program has successfully revitalized dead areas, promoted the use of the metro, reduced littering and distinguish communities. Types of
Art Pieces Activation:
engage passengers and pedestrians
Durability + Maintenance: design for low maintenance
Distinction:
support the identity of station areas
Clarification:
help clarify use of the transit system
While a variety of types of art are used throughout TiMet’s transportation system, sculptures and bus stop adornments are the most common. Sculpture work tends to provide more engagement of a site, while bus stop decorations help to deter graffiti and trash. Other types of art include decorative lighting features and self-sustaining energy projects. Across all of these, they are constructed to last and are built for the public to actually come in contact with. EXIST 19
Precedent Study
Land Art Generator Initiative “Renewable energy can be beautiful� Based out of the United Arab Emirates, Robert Ferry & Elizabeth Monoian conceptualized the idea in 2008, to inspire the world of design through sustainable practices. Making energy production beautiful. The strategic objective of the Land Art Generator Initiative is to advance the successful implementation of sustainable design solutions by integrating art and interdisciplinary creative processes into the conception of renewable energy infrastructure. Using art as a means for advocating use of renewable energy production, the LAGI uses various means to promote their vision. These include, conducting research, educating the public, constructing aesthetically pleasing renewable art and most notably hosting yearly design competitions. Ranging from Copenhagen to Santa Monica, these competitions span the globe and give artist and visionaries a chance to think creatively about our sustainable future. While economically impossible, these projects are all viable as the technology could work to create a renewable source of energy. Researching various submissions, the choice and execution of energy production inform the years design. Below are the winners from the past three competitions.
Copenhagen 2014 EXIST 20
Fresh Kills 2012
Abu Dhabi 2010
“
What is needed in order to bridge the gap—between the larger desire for a renewable future and the community level negative reactions to the application of the systems required for it—is an artistic movement that can set a course towards aesthetic considerations in sustainable infrastructure.
“
Project
GOALS & OBJECTIVES EXIST 22
Produce renewable energy Utilize wind, solar or kinetic energy
Meet a quota and standard for how much renewable energy must be produced small scale Provide proper locations and connections for making this energy usable
Engage surrounding community Site selection based on user function and engagement Art pieces reect the culture and existing community vision Pieces generate buzz for attracting locals and tourists.
Promote the advancement and collection of art Build upon the city’s existing public art funds Use the communities local artists to invest and promote art Educate the public with signs & descriptions of the renewable energy production process, as seen in the art
Curate creativity & innovations from citizens Invest in the creation of art pieces by local artists Use locally sourced material Promote the innovations of local technological companies
Connect EXIST to other infrastructure systems in place. Use the energy produced to power street lights Connect with the public transportation system Furnish some art pieces inside or along the park system, for human scale engagement
Professional Contacts Jim Neri Neri Landscape | 928 Hornblend St, Suite #3, San Diego, CA 92109 Ed Batchelder City of Chula Vista | [619] 409-5859 | ebatchelder@chulavista.gov Martin Flores Rick Engineering | [619] 297-0707 | mflores@rickengineering.com
Bibliography Brodkin, Karen / Power Politics: Environmental Activism in Los Angeles Online Library Davies, Wayne K.D. / Theme Cities: Solutions for Urban Problems Online Library Deaton, Clifford D. Public Art Beyond Downtown: Assessing Art Initiatives on the Northwest Side of Chicago. n.p.: Articulo - Revue De Sciences Humaines Asbl, 2015. Duque, Félix. “Public Art and the Making of Urban Space.” City, Territory and Architecture, 1.1 (2014): 1-12. Ervin, Nikki. “Energy Reduction in Los Angeles.”Synthesis/Regeneration, 44 (2007): 13. Jarvi, L, CSB Grimmond, and A Christen. “The Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme (SUEWS): Evaluation in Los Angeles and Vancouver.” Journal of Hydrology, 411.3-4 (2011): 219-237. http://ecdms.energy.ca.gov/elecbyutil.aspx Consumption of electricity for los angeles based on planning area or district http://bsl.lacity.org/ Bureau of streetlights for los angeles https://www.wunderground.com/calculators/solar.html Solar calculator, based off address, number of panels, types of solar panels, area of coverage Garcia-Barberena, Javier. “The BEPE - Break-Even Price of Energy: A financial figure of merit for renewable energy projects.” National Renewable Energy Center, 71 (2014) Pollock, Venda Louise, and Ronan Paddison. “Embedding Public Art: Practice, Policy and Problems.” Journal of Urban Design, 15.3 (2010): 335-356. Sowada, Katherine Jo. P.A.I.N.T: A Case Study in Engaging the Community Through Public Art. n.p.: ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2012. Zajonc, R. B.. “Mere Exposure: A Gateway to the Subliminal”. Current Directions in Psychological Science 10.6 (2001): 224–228. Web
EXIST 24
Timeline Summer: - Research the city infrastructure and resources accessible in Los Angeles - Research innovations within renewable energy - Define renewable energy art - Scower Los Angeles, getting a feel for the city and its smaller communities - Begin to brainstorm ways of blending art and renewable energy.
Fall: - Further present and gather my findings from the summer - Finalize an art piece design - Begin the switch to role of economist and generate a economic benefit study - Do this study for a focus area, within the city or new district
Winter: - Begin making a master plan - Continue to further its development through graphics and programming - Design presentation to present to the city EXIST 25
Ryan MCKay 12240 Valhalla Dr. Lakeside, CA 92040
rymckay@calpoly.edu [619] 417-6376
Education California Polytechnic State University, 2012 - Spring 2017 San Luis Obispo Bachelors of Landscape Architecture Minor: Real Property Development Experience Spurlock Poirier, San Diego, CA Jun-Aug 2015 Intern Performed and assisted with construction documentation, illustrative plans and marketing material across a multitude of projects; using digital and hand drafting skills. Cal Poly Arts, San Luis Obispo, CA Oct 2014 - Present Social Media Assistant Coordinates and designs mass communication ads and marketing packages on social media platforms (ie, Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, HooteSuite, etc) for @CalPolyArts
Skills Adobe CC AutoCAD SketchUP GIS
Leadership Team Lead: Design Week 2015
Hosted by Design Workshop & Cal Poly Landscape Architecture Department Member: Student Chapter of the Society of Landscape Architects
Curator and Event Lead:
Emerald City, Coronado Art Show
Research Marketing CD Production Social Media Infographics
EXIST 26
Achievements Dean’s List Award for College of Architecture Presidents List Award for College of Architecture ESRI Technical GIS Certificate 2016 Union Tribune Achievement Certificate
Ryan MCKay 12240 Valhalla Dr. Lakeside, CA 92040 rymckay@calpoly.edu [619] 417-6376
June 8, 2016 Dear LA Department of Cultural Affairs, I am writing to share with you an economically smart and sustainable design project, that would not only boost tourism, the economy and existing communities but generate renewable energy for your city. Los Angeles faces an energy crisis. The ever increasing demand for energy, is now faced with a government mandated push for a 1/3 production of supply through renewable resources. While infrastructures capable of handling this problem are being put into place, their economic benefit is rewarded to the Department of Water and Power rather than the city itself. Maintaining the city’s long standing leadership in culture, arts and innovation, we have devised a creative solution to this recent problem. Blending my skills of landscape architecture and art, I’ve studied sustainable urban design and real property development in an effort to plan for cities of the future. Resilient, smart and green, could all be used to describe this project; but simply put it fuses together renewable energy production with community engaging public art. Initiatives your city has created are currently promoting the investment of public art, and have had some great success. Aesthetically pleasing, most of the current pieces are merely granted a space within the community and left to be enjoy. Advancements in technology and the massive creativity found from your citizens could change these static works of art into beautiful powerplants. Harnessing winds, sunlight, tidal forces, biomasses and even kinetic energies, art would no longer serve simply an aesthetic function. Instead it would be used to power the city’s parks or electric vehicle charging stations. Initiatives and programs such as Land Art Generator, currently exist and promote the creation of renewable energy producing art. Our goal for your city, is to be the first city to have a plan that incorporates this new art. Imagine not only one piece but a network of pieces that help to unify Los Angeles and give back to the infrastructures currently in place. With help from your various departments and resources, I hope to continue Los Angeles’ commitment to be a leader of sustainability and creativity. Sincerely,
Ryan McKay EXIST 27