SHANGHAI: Nick Kletnieks & Shan He Architectural Design 5b 21313068 Sem 2, 2016
Architectural Studies 5b
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Architectural Studies 5b
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CONTENTS
SITE & CONTEXT Shanghai Suzhou Creek Site Location
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IDEA Urban Agriculture
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CONCEPT Urban Agricultural System Building Form
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DRAWINGS: SITE PLAN ISOMETRIC BUILDING PLANS CIRCULATION ELEVATION SECTION APARTMENT PLANS PERSPECTIVES
24 26 27 38 40 44 46 52
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SITE & CONTEXT Shanghai City
Translation: “Upon-the-Sea“ Population: 24 000 000 Density: 3800/sqkm Area: 6341 sqkm The urban environment of Shanghai is dominated by towering sky scrapers, twisting railway, interlacing roads, extensive shopping malls and elevated highways. The highly dynamic urban existence provides opportunities to witness different stages of urban development and transformation. The lilong housing of Shanghai are physical memory of the old city and are currently in a state of renewal in which the they are being demolished in lieu of modern residential high rise. The studio project makes an exploration into the possibilities that could exist on one such site with consideration to the historical and cultural context of one of the world’s most density cities: Shanghai.
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SITE & CONTEXT Suzhou Creek
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SITE & CONTEXT Site Location
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SITE & CONTEXT Site Location
SITE
hou
Su
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ive
Suz
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R pu
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Hu
Cr ee
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SITE & CONTEXT Site Location 1:1000
0 200 1 : 10 000 12
400
600m
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SITE & CONTEXT Site Location
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SITE & CONTEXT Pre-Existing Site Conditions 1:250 Lilong arrangement pre-demolition
The site chosen is the second block from the right on the south side of the studio area. The site is currently in a state of demolition where over a third of the lilong housing present have been removed. The site previously contained around 350-400 dwellings and housed between 1000 – 1500 people. The site has an area of approximately 33 000 sqm and with the people previously housed on the site; had a density of around 40 000 to 50 000 people/sqkm. These became the minimum goals for the project in terms of the number people housed. Existing program on site apart from the lilong houses include a small school, an environmental protection corporation as well as the endemic street and market vendors of furniture, clothing and food.
0 50 1 : 2500
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150m
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IDEA Urban Agriculture
IDEA Urban Agriculture
In Shanghai, as with many cities around the world, a major shift has taken place, from an ‘intra-urban’ to ‘peri-urban’ agriculture. As housing and office developments grew within the city, farmland there has been lost and food growing has shifted increasingly to the city’s periphery. Tens of thousands of hectares on the outskirts of Shanghai are intensely cultivated with a great variety of vegetables. It is not secret the Chinese like to cook with fresh, locally grown vegetables.
The advantages of an urban agricultural system in Shanghai include:
Instances of urban agriculture in Shanghai have become increasingly more common over the past few years as a few independent groups of people have started growing small vegetable gardens on their rooftops and balconies as they feared the decreasing quality control and safety of some agricultural products grown and made in China. This idea has formed the basis of the project leading to the question: HOW CAN A HIGH DENSITY RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLY INTEGRATE AGRICULTURE INTO ITS URBAN DESIGN DEVELOPMENT GOALS?
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- A reduced distance between farm and point of sale; resulting therefore in a reduced carbon emission; on average produce travels more than 10km from farm to the point of sale. - Reduction in air pollutions; that on a grand scale could improve the air quality of Shanghai - The “Urban Heat Island“ effect is reduced; where vegetated areas are up to 6.5 degrees cooler than urbanised areas. - Viable business opportunities are generated for the livelihood of city people. - Opportunities for community interaction; where shared hobbies facilitate a community environment. - Produce is organic and locally grown; produce that could be more easily monitored in increasing fears about food and health safety in China. - At current farming is the most powerful driver of deforestation and loss of biodiversity around the world and this prominently evident in China. - This idea takes steps toward sustainable urban living.
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CONCEPT Urban Agricultural System
CONCEPT Urban Agricultural System
To be a successful proposal, the development provides economic feasibility through a combination of both high rise and low rise housing typology with the included program of public, retail and market space. This combination provides an interesting and dynamic link between the farming program and the residential.
The apartment system is intended to operate as follows:
Each dwellings provide a generous amount of space (between 80 to 100 sqm) that compensate for there narrow arrangement. There are 186 apartments in a low rise typology and 260 apartments that form the tower over 32 floors. The development includes 446 apartments and is designed to house between 1400 - 1600 occupants in comfort with access to both organic foods and a healthy community. Each apartment features a south facing balcony and an aquaponics garden that can be managed privately by the occupants or can be managed as part of the larger system by the community. Each apartment is orientated to the South and arrangement is influenced by circulation that allows each apartment to be accessed from the (most) North side of the building.
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Where water collected by rainwater and grey water can be filtered and processed by using non consumable plant and settling tanks. The water can then be stored or can be used to be used on seasonal gardens or in the aquaponics system. In brief an aquaponics system works where fish are raised in a symbiotic relationship with vegetables where the waste from the fish fertilises the plants and in return the plants filter the water the fish dwell in. Additionally, small terrestrial animals such as chickens and pygmy goats are to be cycled through the gardens providing fertiliser, meat and eggs as products for the ground level markets. An economic ways these could exist is where vegetable farmer could provide animal feed to a chicken farmer, while a chicken farmer provides fertiliser in return, just by moving his stock through the garden. The project does not propose a complete closed or off grid system but one that takes steps towards better sustainability in urban living.
HOW TO DESIGN AN AQUAPONICS SYSTEM: 1. Determine how many plants and of what species, we wish to grow. (eg. 30 lettuce plants). 2. Determine the area those plants need to grow (eg. 1sqm per 30 plants per square meter).
3. Determine how much fish feed the fish need to eat to meet the nutrient requirements of the plants (a feeding rate ratio). 4. Determine what weight of fish we require to eat the amount of fish feed. 5. Determine what volume of water that weight of fish needs to live happily in. http://www.aquaponic.com.au/Fish%20to%20plant%20ratios.pdf
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ANIMAL FEED
CONCEPT Agricultural System ELECTRICITY Solar Wind - Tower
NON-EDIBLE FILTRATION PLANTS Reeds, Lillies, Rice (non-edible) Bamboos
SMALL TERRESTRIAL LIVESTOCK Chickens Rabbit Duck Pygmy Goats
WATER STORAGE Surge Tanks
ELECTRIC TRANSPORT Electric mopeds and cars
SEASONAL GARDENS
RAIN WATER & GREY WATER
RESIDENTIAL APARTMENTS
AQUAPONICS FRUITS & VEGETABLES INCOME
FRESHWATER FISH Ornamental Koi Carp
FOOD
WASTE RODUCTS Fertiliser
WATER Filtered by vegetation and recirculated 20
MARKET
FISH MEAT FRUIT AND VEGETABLES MEAT, EGGS & DAIRY
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CONCEPT Building Form - A Circular Building
The idea for a circular building was driven by a number of factors; foremost of these are the ability to manifest a system easily into the built form and additionally passive solar and environmental principles. A featured example of the way the systems benefit from the form of the building is the circular seasonal garden that exists on level 4. This farm land allows crops and live stock to be easily cycled through the gardens and the land can be easily managed. The tiered levels additionally maximise ‘usable’ roofing surface area.
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CONCEPT Building Form
GROUND FLOOR
LEVEL 1 - 4
LEVEL 5
LEVEL 6 - 7
LEVEL 8 - 10
LEVEL 11 - 14
LEVEL 15 - 19
LEVEL 20 - 25
LEVEL 26 - 32
5°
90°
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PLAN DRAWINGS Site Plan - 1:10 000
Total Block Area: 33 000 sqm Used Site Area: 25 000 sqm Total Built Area: 71 600 sqm FAR: 2.8 Total Number of Apartments: 446 Type A: Type B: Type C: Type D: Type E: Type F:
84 102 56 14 134 56
0 200 1 : 10 000 24
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600m 25
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ISOMETRIC DRAWING Isometric 1:1000
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PLAN DRAWINGS Roof Plan - 1:1000
Seasonal Rooftop Gardens Tiered Aquaponics Rooftops Agricultural Balconies Public Open Space
0 20 1 : 1000 26
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60m 27
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PLAN DRAWINGS Ground Floor Plan - 1:1000
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PLAN DRAWINGS Level 1 Plan - 1:1000
Market Vendors and Shops Farming Storage and Processing Aquaponics Water Processing
‘Type A’ Apartments ‘Type B’ Apartments
Car and Scooter Parking 0 20 1 : 1000 28
40
60m
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60m 29
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PLAN DRAWINGS Level 4 Plan - 1:1000
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PLAN DRAWINGS Level 6 Plan - 1:1000
‘Type C’ Apartments ‘Type D’ Apartments
Seasonal Gardens
‘Type E’ Apartments ‘Type F’ Apartments
0 20 1 : 1000 30
40
60m
0 20 1 : 1000
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60m 31
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PLAN DRAWINGS Level 8 Plan - 1:1000
PLAN DRAWINGS Level 11 Plan - 1:1000
‘Type C’ Apartments
‘Type C’ Apartments
‘Type E’ Apartments
‘Type E’ Apartments
‘Type F’ Apartments
‘Type F’ Apartments
0 20 1 : 1000 32
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60m
0 20 1 : 1000
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60m 33
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PLAN DRAWINGS Level 15 Plan - 1:1000
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PLAN DRAWINGS Level 20 Plan - 1:1000
‘Type C’ Apartments ‘Type D’ Apartments
‘Type C’ Apartments
‘Type E’ Apartments
‘Type E’ Apartments
‘Type F’ Apartments
‘Type F’ Apartments
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40
60m
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60m 35
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PLAN DRAWINGS Level 26 Plan - 1:1000
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ELEVATION Apartment Arrangement
‘Type C’ Apartments ‘Type D’ Apartments
‘Type C’ Apartments
‘Type E’ Apartments
‘Type E’ Apartments
‘Type F’ Apartments
‘Type F’ Apartments
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Core
60m
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60m 37
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CIRCULATION Level 6 - 1:250 Circulation routes for all apartment types
10°
5°
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° 10
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5°
5°
5°
5° 5°
90°
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5° ‘Type C’ Apartments ‘Type D’ Apartments ‘Type E’ Apartments ‘Type F’ Apartments Circulation Path
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ELEVATION North Elevation
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ELEVATION South Elevation
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60m 41
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ELEVATION West Elevation 1:1000
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ELEVATION East Elevation 1:1000
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60m 43
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SECTION Section 1 - 1:1000
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SECTION Section 2 - 1:1000
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60m 45
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APARTMENT LAYOUT ‘Type A’ Apartment - 1:100 2 Bedroom 105 sqm No. of Apartments: 84
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APARTMENT LAYOUT ‘Type B’ Apartment - 1:100 1 Bedroom 88 sqm BED 1 12sqm
BED 2 13sqm
BATHROOM 13sqm
No. of Apartments: 102
BEDROOM 21sqm BATHROOM 11sqm
KITCHEN 15sqm
LIVING 22sqm
KITCHEN 14sqm
LIVING 21sqm
BALCONY 14sqm BALCONY 9sqm
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APARTMENT LAYOUT ‘Type C’ Apartment - 1:100 2 Bedroom 117 sqm
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APARTMENT LAYOUT ‘Type D’ Apartment - 1:100 1 Bedroom 80 sqm
No. of Apartments: 56
No. of Apartments: 14 BED 1 12sqm
BED 2 19sqm
BATHROOM 7sqm
KITCHEN 11sqm
BEDROOM 21sqm
BATHROOM 6.5sqm
KITCHEN 9sqm
LIVING 44sqm
LIVING 35sqm
BALCONY 18sqm
BALCONY 5sqm
0 1 : 100 48
2
4
6m 49
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APARTMENT LAYOUT ‘Type E’ Apartment - 1:100 2 Bedroom 80 sqm
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APARTMENT LAYOUT ‘Type F’ Apartment - 1:100 2 Bedroom 83 sqm
No. of Apartments: 134
No. of Apartments: 56
BED 1 13sqm
BATHROOM 6sqm
BED 2 11sqm
BED 1 11sqm
BED 2 13sqm
BATHROOM 6sqm
KITCHEN 13sqm KITCHEN 15sqm
LIVING 30sqm BALCONY 5sqm
LIVING 29sqm
BALCONY 5sqm
0 1 : 100 50
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4
6m 51
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PERSPECTIVE Image One
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PERSPECTIVE Image Two
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PERSPECTIVE Image Three
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PERSPECTIVE Image Four
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MODEL Physical Model
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