PIESSE BROOK CABIN SCHEMATIC DESIGN REPORT Ryan Kirkness | 21313068 ARCT4440 - Project Implementation and Documentation
SCHEMATIC DESIGN REPORT
Ryan Kirkness | 21313068
CONTENTS Brief Objectives and Response Site and Cabin Requirements
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Concept Sketch Drawings Concept Response Selected Precedence
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Context Site Location Contextual Photographs Analysis Site Plan
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Regulations Key Constraints
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Technical Integration
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Schematic Design Drawings 1:100 Floor & Roof Plan 1:100 West Ele. & Section 1:100 North Ele. & Section 1:100 East & South Ele. 1:100 Schematic Grid Isometrics Perspective
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SCHEMATIC DESIGN REPORT
Ryan Kirkness | 21313068
BREIF Objective: To design and document a modest “off-grid“ cabin in bushland to the East of Perth. The design is to seamlessly include passive and sustainable environmental control systems and effectively harness resources from the site such as solar energy and rainwater. The design should be thermally comfortable year round and have minimal impact on the surrounding local environment. Response: The proposed cabin has taken careful consideration to environmental factors of the site, including having generous shading, solar orientated to the North as well as to ventilating breezes form the South and South West. Construction materials used include a minimal use of steel and concrete to achieve thermal mass with a focus on local hard-wood timber framing. This minimises the impact of manufacturing and transport processes.
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SCHEMATIC DESIGN REPORT
Ryan Kirkness | 21313068
BREIF Site Requirements: - 100m x 100m off-grid bushland site in Perth hills, East of Perth - 10m fall from South to North - Parking for two cars provided Site Chosen: - 100m x 75m site located in the Shire of Kalamunda - 14m fall from South to North - Parking for two cars provided
Cabin (Minimum) Requirements: - Maximum internal space: 32sqm - Kitchen inc. appliances: 2400 x 600 - Shower / basin / toilet & laundry: 3.4sqm - Bed: 1880 x 1380 - Robe: 1600 x 600 (0.96 sqm) - Dining Table: 1000 x 800 - Dining Chairs: Four - Coffee Table: 1000 x 600 - Lounge Chairs: Four
Provided in Design: - 31.7sqm - 2700 x 660 - 3.4sqm - 2030 x 1530 - 0.96 sqm - 1900 x 660 - Four - 1000 x 800 - Four
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SCHEMATIC DESIGN REPORT
Ryan Kirkness | 21313068
CONCEPT - Sketch Drawings
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SCHEMATIC DESIGN REPORT
Ryan Kirkness | 21313068
CONCEPT The initial design concept was developed from passive heating and cooling design principles and took shape in the use of an elongated form orientated to the North. An elongated form provides a number of advantages: - Deep winter solar penetration into the building that can be easily controlled allowing for an effective use of thermal massing - Minimised East and West facing façades - Long edges orientated to breezes allows for very efficient ventilation and summer cooling - Increased surface area additionally aids in summer cooling A design decision made early was to utilise a dual-winged approach, one that locates sleeping areas on the East and living spaces on the West. This allows living spaces to get increased sun in winter where occupants spend most of their time and additionally allows sleeping areas to avoid late afternoon summer sun. Furthermore, the form of the building was influenced by the shape of the site and the way in which the landscape falls away in two different directions. This allowed two separate views to be framed by the cabin, one public view from living space toward the North West and a more private view from the bedroom looking toward the North East. Finally, a last key outcome of the design was a heavy focus on outdoor living with the use of ample amounts of effective shading. A precedence that much influence on this was the use of louvers in Outcrop House by Peter Stutchbury. A simple technique of angling louvers to the Winter Solstice angle of 34.5 degrees allows for very effective winter sun penetration and full summer shading.
8000 x 4000 Floor Area
LIVE
Elongated Form
SLEEP
Dual Wing West / East
Diverging Views
Maintaining 32sqm
Shading Outdoor Living
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SCHEMATIC DESIGN REPORT
Ryan Kirkness | 21313068
CONCEPT - Selected Precedence
Angophora House - Richard Leplastrier
Outcrop House - Peter Stutchbury
Four Horizons EcoLodge - Lindsay Johnston
Simpson-Lee House - Glen Murcutt
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SCHEMATIC DESIGN REPORT
Ryan Kirkness | 21313068
SITE - Location
The proposed cabin is to be located on a secluded site that borders the suburbs of Piesse Brook and Kalamunda in the Perth Hills. The site features sloping ground toward the North East and North West that become steep valley sideslopes that feed down to the Lower Helena Diversion Dam in Kalamunda National Park.
GOOSEBERRY HILL
The vegetaion that exists on the landscape consists of eucalyptus, grass trees and native shrubbery. Additionally, the site is characterised by granite rock outcrops, shallow gravels and yellow duplex soils.
SITE PIESSE BROOK
KALAMUNDA
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SCHEMATIC DESIGN REPORT
Ryan Kirkness | 21313068
SITE - Contextual Photographs
Native vegetation - eucalyptus, grass trees and shrubbery
Prevalent granite rock outcrops
Valleys dominate the landscape in the Kalamunda National Park
Water catchement dams present throughout the region
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SCHEMATIC DESIGN REPORT
Ryan Kirkness | 21313068
SITE - Analysis
21 Jun - WINTER SOLSTICE 21 Apr / Aug 21 Mar / Sep 21 Feb / Oct 21 Dec - SUMMER SOLSTICE
Solar: Winter Solstice Noon Sun Angle: 34.5 degrees Equinox Noon Sun Angle: 58 degrees Summer Solstice Noon Sun Angle: 81.5 degrees The cabins orientation in relation to solar angles plays a large role in the effectiveness of it’s passive design. The buildings shading design, particularly the louver system relies largely on the changing angle and direction of the sun throughout the year, to perform its role effectively.
Wind: Prevailing cooling winds occur from the West and South West and accommodate ventilation via small openings on the south facade of the building. Additionally, cool air flowing down into the valleys either side of the site are able to flow through the building via these same openings. Large openings on the North West and North East create a vacuum effect and further increase air movement through the cabin. Each opening is manually operated to the desired comfort level of the occupant. Morning East winds are variably accommodated depending on direction and temperature, these winds can be warm. 10
SCHEMATIC DESIGN REPORT
Ryan Kirkness | 21313068
SITE - Site Plan
75m
Latitiude / Longitude: -31.964942, 116.069602 Elevation: 224.7m
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SCHEMATIC DESIGN REPORT
Ryan Kirkness | 21313068
RESPONSE TO REGULATIONS Key regulatory constraints that influence the design include: - NCC Building Codes of Australia - Residential Design Codes of Western Australia - Bush Fire Act - SHIRE OF KALAMUNDA - Local Planning Scheme BCA Compliance: According to the BCA the dwelling is classified as Class 1b: a boarding house, guest house, hostel or the like with a total area not exceeding 300 sqm; in which not more than 12 persons would ordinarily be resident.
The risk of bush fire is partially combated by inclusion of an additional rainwater tank on site that can be used for fire fighting. Bush Fire Act 1954: Fire breaks must be created at the necessary places and be maintained according to local government standards. Kalamunda Shire Planning Scheme: The Shire of Kalamunda Local Planning Scheme No.3 places the site of the cabin in the Maida Vale Locality. This Locality zones the area of the site as a Parks and Recreation reserve.
Specifically relevant BCA compliance requires provisions for fire Being a bushland area, the project will have to preserve the saftey, ventilation, natural light and renewable energy generation. environment as much as possible. The cabin in its current form is to be constructed on concrete slab, however it could be argued that the Fire Safety: footprint of this slab is very small and its impact on the environment The cabin would be fitted with standard means of automatic fire will be minimal. Additionally, it is serving a passive thermal mass detection, such as a smoke alarm system in addition to safe and purpose, which in itself preserves resources. easy means of egress. The fire place and its surrounding areas are to be designed with materials that can withstand temperatures likely to be generated and will not impact on the buildings physical or mechanical function. The cabin is to be constructed in a bushfire prone area and must be designed and constructed to reduce the risk of ignition from a bushfire by burning embers, radiant heat or flame. External materials must be carefully treated and selected on this property. Additionally, appropriate clearances must be provided between the building structure and vegetation. 12
SCHEMATIC DESIGN REPORT
Ryan Kirkness | 21313068
TECHNICAL INTEGRATION Louvers and roof design facilitate passive winter heating and summer shading. Louver angles are set to winter solstice noon sun angle. North facing glazing creates a green house effect in winter. On the coldest of winter days or when overcast a small ďŹ re can be used to warm the space or boost the solar HWS.
Rainwater collection takes place at the junction of the roof and verandah. Gravity fed it ows to one of two 10 000L rainwater tanks situated on the east of the cabin.
Summer Solstice
Solar panels on roof face North capture sunlight energy throughout the year.
Winter Solstice
Rain Collection
Photovoltaic Solar Panels Summer Heat Ventilation
Ventilation
Thermal Mass Thermal Mass Winter: Heat stored by green house effect during day gradually dispenses at night. Summer: Mass cooled at night retains coolth throughout day. Shaded mass dispenses heat to ground during day.
Ventilation Building openings are orientated to cooling westerly wind. Glazing on south situated high can also vent heat. In winter the cabin can be sealed to retain warmth.
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SCHEMATIC DESIGN REPORT
Ryan Kirkness | 21313068
TECHNICAL INTEGRATION - Sustainability WATER Rainwater: The cabin has a rainwater collection area of approximately 130sqm of roof space including verandah. The rainwater collection will service all uses of the cabin including drinking and as a result the system will have to collect and maintain water of the best quality; containing no human pathogens, toxins or heavy metals.
WATER Rainwater will be collected in two 10 000L tanks, as the cabin is off grid, a generous amount of collection space is provided against issues such as drought or bushfires.
Waterless Toilet: The cabin will utilise a compact self-contained composting toilet. This style of water-less toilet minimises black water waste product The system will include a 50L first flush and is suitable for 3-4 people in a weekender diverter, a combination of gutter leaf cabin situation. It is expected to use less than screens, a pressure pump within tank and 2L/day. finally a pressure accumulator tank located beneath false floor in bedroom. Depending on outlets, each will have a filter; drinking ENERGY outlets will have sub 1 micron absolute filter, The primary source of electricity in the cabin other outlets such as solar hot water system will be sourced from solar panel located on only require a 20 micron filter. the roof. There is approximately 70sqm of north facing, angled roof on which the solar Usage: panels can be housed in addition to a solar Bathroom 55% - 110L/day hot water system. Laundry 28% - 56L/day The system will include a photovoltaic array, Kitchen 17% - 34L/day regulator, inverter and battery storage for Total 200L/day 2 days. All housed beneath bedroom false floor apart from solar panels. Waste Water Re-use: Grey water will be collected from bathroom, shower, kitchen Usage: and washing machine, filtered by coarse filter Fridge, lights, oven, microwave and ceiling and surge tank located in false floor beneath fan are expected to draw approx. KWh/day. bedroom and used to water garden adjacent 12sqm of roof space have been set asside for to cabin. around 6x (1600 x 1100) solar panels.
MATERIAL SUSTAINABILITY In theory the primary structural of the cabin could be built from either timber or steel, however timber was selected as a result of a number of its advantages in comparison to steel: - Can be locally sourced - Renewable source - Possible to be sustainably sourced and manufactured - Low in embodied carbon - Low waste rates as a result of flexibility - Reduced thermal bridging - Aesthetic feel Steel is still utilised throughout the project for connections and to canti-lever the out door decking area, however timber is primary building material. The external materiality of the building consists of corrugated iron, facade panels and timber cladding.
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SCHEMATIC DESIGN REPORT
Ryan Kirkness | 21313068
SCHEMATIC DESIGN DRAWINGS
Floor Plan | 1:100 0
1. Entrance 2. Fridge / Microwave 3. Kitchen 4. Dining Seating 5. Washing Machine 6. Four Person Lounge 7. Coffee Table 8. Fire Place 9. Bathroom 10. Bedroom 11. Wardrobe 12. Outdoor Decking
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Roof Plan| 1:100 15
SCHEMATIC DESIGN REPORT
Ryan Kirkness | 21313068
SCHEMATIC DESIGN DRAWINGS
West Elevation | 1:100
Section | 1:100
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SCHEMATIC DESIGN REPORT
Ryan Kirkness | 21313068
SCHEMATIC DESIGN DRAWINGS
North Elevation | 1:100
Long Section | 1:100
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SCHEMATIC DESIGN REPORT
Ryan Kirkness | 21313068
SCHEMATIC DESIGN DRAWINGS
East Elevation | 1:100
South Elevation | 1:100
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SCHEMATIC DESIGN REPORT
Ryan Kirkness | 21313068
SCHEMATIC DESIGN DRAWINGS
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Schematic Grid | 1:100
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SCHEMATIC DESIGN REPORT
Ryan Kirkness | 21313068
SCHEMATIC DESIGN DRAWINGS
Isometric | 1:100
Exploded Iso | 1:200
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SCHEMATIC DESIGN REPORT
Ryan Kirkness | 21313068
SCHEMATIC DESIGN DRAWINGS
Perspectives
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