London

Environment and Technology in London

English Project

Σωτήρης Ζωγόπουλος, Παναγιώτης Σταυράκης, Λάζαρος Χανιώτης

Σχολικό έτος 2014-15

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The climate is temperate, with above average rainfall.

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In the summer it rarely gets extremely hot.

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During the months of winter, it does not accumulate much snow.

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The temperature in London during the winter rarely goes below -10C, although the cold can be penetrating.

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There is not always a lot of snow during the winter, and there is hardly ever a blizzard.

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Summer is usually warm and sunny with occasional rainstorms.

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Abundant rain in winter as well as the summer.

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They are one of the strongest ocean currents in the world.

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They make the weather fairly stable and temperatures rarely get extremely hot even at the height of the summer.

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The currents are largely responsible for London’s mild climate and global changes. They may eventually lead to more extreme temperature changes.

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Air pollution refers to the substances in the air that harm human health, welfare, plant or animal life.

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Most pollution in London is caused by road transport, domestic and commercial heating systems.

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All but one of the pollutant concentrations have decreased between 1996 and 2011.

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One atmospheric condition that London has long been linked to is fog, but this has changed in recent years thanks to the Clean Air Act of 1956.

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The Act introduced a number of measures to reduce air pollution and fog.

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The Act was an important milestone in the development of a legal framework to protect the environment.

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Located downstream of central London.

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Its purpose is to prevent the floodplain of all but the easternmost boroughs of Greater London.

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Total construction cost was around £534 million.

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Biomass

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Coal

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Gas

► Hydroelectric Power

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Hyde Park is one of the largest parks in London. It was created in 1536 and in 1637 the park opened to the general public.

Kensington Gardens was originally the western section of Hyde Park, which had been created by Henry VIII in 1536.

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St. James's Park is a 57 acres park in the City of Westminster, Central London.

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The City of London receives its treated water from both the Lake Huron Water Supply System and the Elgin Area Water Supply System.

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Environmental remediation.

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eGain forecasting

Moving around London 

London Underground

► Tram link

► Docklands Light Railway

► London Public Buses

Moving around London 

Heavy rail (Trains)

► River thames

► Taxis (Black cabs) ► Cycling

Moving around London ď ľ

Airports

Greenwich Mean Time 

Mean solar time at the village of Greenwich near London which, as decided at the International Meridian Congress is assigned 0 degrees longitude (called Prime Meridian).

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Greenwich is the place from where all time zones are measured.

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Its location is Longitude 0° 0' 0“and Latitude 51° 28' 38"N (North of the Equator)

Technology and Health The main areas of research in the surgery and surgical technology themes are: 

Surgical technology: developing new technology and new approaches to improve clinical outcomes.

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Safety and quality: leading research into the assessment and delivery of high quality healthcare, to improve outcomes and decrease the frequency of adverse events.

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Surgical education: delivering training for clinicians and academics to drive improvements in surgical practice

London The Global City

GEORGAKOPOULOS SPYROS GEORGIADOU MARO KARAPANOU NATALIA

MAZOU STAVROULA

INTRODUCTION Over the centuries, people from all over the world

have come to London. They came to find freedom, to find work, to meet people and live an interesting life. They make London an exciting and diverse city. Today, more than 7 million

immigrants live in London and 46% of these are under 35 years old.

DIVERSITY IN LONDON

Black Population of London 700.000 600.000 500.000 400.000

Inner London

300.000

Outer London London

200.000 100.000

0 Black African

Black Caribbean

Other black population

British African-Caribbean People African-Caribbean people are present throughout

the United Kingdom with by far the largest concentrations in London and Birmingham.

Black Caribbean People Caribbean people have become one of the threads holding London together. One of the best illustrations of that is the Notting Hill

Carnivaland its roots are firmly in the Caribbean tradition.

Asian Population of London 600000

500000 400000 Inner London

300000

Outer London 200000

London

100000

0 Indian Population

Pakistani Population

Bangladeshi Population

Chinese Population

Other Asian Population

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British Indians make up the largest subgroup of British Asians, and are one of the largest Indian communities in the Indian diaspora.

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British Pakistanis are the second largest ethnic minority population in the United Kingdom and also make up the second largest subgroup of British Asians.

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The largest concentration of British Bangladeshis is in London, primarily in the east London boroughs.

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British Chinese are found in many major cities including London and the Chinese community is the fastest growing ethnic group in the UK.

Influence The biggest influence of South Asians on popular British culture has probably been the spread of Indian cuisine, although of the 9,000 Indian restaurants in the UK, most are run by Bangladeshis.

Organisations There are a number of organizations government funded autonomously running catering for the

needs of immigrants living in London.

The Brits’ Point Of View Britons view immigration as the biggest problem facing their society, according to a flurry of new

surveys and research reports about the current state of affairs in Britain.

Festivals and Celebrations Even though people immigrate to UK, they don’t forget the customs of their country and religions. They express their cultural identity through festivals. The most popular include the:

Chinese New Year

London Indian Film Festival

Diwali

Eid Festival

London tracers ΧΑΡΆ ΚΡΕΜΜΎΔΑ ΔΉΜΟς ΜΗΝΆς ΜΑΝΏΛΗς ΠΟΛΛΆΚΗς

ΕΛΈΝΗ ΣΠΥΡΙΔΆΚΗ

Sports ď ľ

The sports in England are part and parcel of the everyday life.

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Most popular sports: football, tennis, boat racing.

Boat racing ď ľ

The tradition started in 1829 between the Oxford and the Cambridge University.

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The tradition continues to the present day, with the loser challenging the winner to a rematch annually.

Football 

Football has it roots in England.

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The ancient football was violent and without rules.

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And many more versions of football like this existed in history , until it becomes what it is today.

The most famous football clubs 

Manchester United

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Manchester United Football Club is an English professional football club, based in Old Trafford.

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Chelsea

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Chelsea Football Club is a professional football club based in Fulham, London.

Wimbledon Tennis 

Wimbledon, is the oldest tennis tournament in the world.

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It has been held since 1877.

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It is one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments.

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Wimbledon is the only Major still played on grass

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The tournament takes place over two weeks in late June and early July

Its facilities include a brick fronted grandstand seating 8,000 and several bars and catering facilities, including a waiter-service restaurant. ď ľ

The stadium is surrounded by a large open-air car park.

Wimbledon Stadium

Customs and traditions 

Α custom is the usual way of behaving or acting.

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A tradition is a custom, opinion or belief handed down from one generation to another, often orally or by practice.

British customs 

The English are very polite. Even the poor, hide an aristocrat inside them!

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One of their most striking characteristics is that they maintain Royalty.

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Going to the pub is their most popular leisure activity

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Television viewing is Britain’s most popular leisure pastime.

Tea drinking 

Britain is a tea- drinking nation.

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They drink 165 million cups of tea a year.

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Tea breaks are when tea and biscuits are served

Boxing day 

Boxing Day is usually celebrated on the following day after Christmas Day, which is 26 December. Like Christmas Day, Boxing Day is a public holiday.

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Traditionally, 26 December was the day to open the Christmas Box to share the contents with the poor.

Halloween 

It is an annual celebration observed in many countries on 31 October, the eve of the Western Christian feast of All Hallows' Day.

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The traditional focus of All Hallows' Eve revolves around the theme of using humor and ridicule to confront the power of death.

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Typical festive Halloween activities include trick-or-treating , attending costume parties, decorating and carving pumpkins into jack-o'-lanters

Food in Multicultural London

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You will never be tired of eating out in London.

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London has the whole range bargain eateries, takeaways, vegetarian corners, exclusive and expensive restaurants

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Internationally acclaimed chefs live and work in London.

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No one can claim that British food is bad.

Meals and well –known dishes  Afternoon tea is one of those lovely British solutions to satisfy hunger between meals.

Afternoon tea/Boiled eggs 

One of the popular dishes are boiled eggs and soldiers . These are simply soft-boiled eggs served in an egg cup with toast.

Fish and chips ď ľ

Probably the most popular dish of England. It is a hot dish of English origin consisting of battered fish, commonly Atlantic cod or haddock and deep fried chips.

Finger sandwiches     

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They should only take 2 or 3 bites to eat. It should be possible to pick up the sandwich in one hand.

The most well known types of finger sandwiches are: Meat and fish Salmon finger sandwich Tuna sandwiches Roast beef Cucumber Cheese and pickle Egg salad Tomato

SIGHTS ď ľ

London is a leading global city full of amazing and majestic sights.

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It is the most populous city in the United Kingdom which attracts millions of people per year to admire its beautiful landscapes and of course visit the most well known sights in the world.

Big Ben 

Big Ben is one of London’s best known landmarks ,and looks most spectacular at night when the clock faces are illuminated.

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Big Ben attracts thousands of people from all around the world every year .

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It is a particularly accurate timepiece, and has almost never stopped in its long history consisting the world’s largest clock.

London Bridge 

Spanning the divide between the traditional City of London and the more relaxed, creative Bankside, London Bridge is full of interesting attractions and surprises.

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Next to London Bridge station you will find a range of exciting attractions.

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Borough Market , across the road from London Bridge Station, is UK’s oldest food market.

London Eye 

The observation wheel turns slow enough for people to embark while it is moving.

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A complete turn takes about thirty minutes.

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Passengers have a great three hundred sixty degree view over London.

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Many famous landmarks are clearly visible, including Buckingham Palace, St. Paul Cathedral and the Houses of Parliament.

Culture of London

Literature At its formation, the United Kingdom inherited the literary traditions of England, Scotland and Wales ,including the earliest existing native literature written in the Celtic languages.

Along side those were the Old English literature and more recent English literature which include the works of Geoffrey Chaucer, William Shakespeare and John Milton.

 The early 18th century is known as the Augustan Age of English literature as exemplified by the works of Alexander Pope.  From the late 18th century flourished the ‘Romantic Period’.

 The 19th century brought the ‘Victorian Period’ which was represented by Jane Austen.

Writers William Shakespeare Plays:  A Midsummer Night's Dream  Romeo and Juliet  Macbeth  Hamlet  Othello Sonnets: 18, 116 , 73 , 138 , 20

Charles John Huffam Dickens  The Adventures of Oliver Twist.  A Christmas Carol

John Ronald Reuel Tolkien  The Hobbit  The Lord of the Rings Clive Staples Lewis  The Screwtape Letters  The Chronicles of Narnia  The Space Trilogy George Gordon Byron  Don Juan  She Walks in Beauty

Joanne "Jo" Rowling (J. K. Rowling)  Harry Potter

Theatree ď ś From its formation in 1707, the United Kingdom has had a vibrant tradition of theatre, much of it inherited from England and Scotland. ď ś The West End is the main theatre district in the UK, which is located in the West End of London.

The Globe Theatre

The Royal Ballet is a classical ballet company, housed in the Royal Opera House in Covent Garden, London, UK.

The company employs approximately 100 dancers

The Beatles

The Spice Girls

One Direction

The Punk Era

Cool Britannia

‘‘Sex’’ Boutique

Alexander McQueen

Stella McCartney

Cara Delevingne,

Jourdan Dunn

Naomi Campbell

Kate Moss

Cinema The United Kingdom has had a significant film industry for over a century.

The British Academy Film Awards are presented in an annual award show hosted by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA).

Maggie Smith

Kate Winslet

Charlie Chaplin

Colin Firth

Emma Thompson

Daniel Day Lewis

Daniel Radcliff, Emma Watson,Rupert Grint

Architecture

Tower of London

Westminster Abbey

The Banqueting House

Saint Paul Cathedral

Hampton Court Palace.

The Victoria and Albert Museum

National Portrait Gallery

The Courtauld Institute of Art

The British Museum The National Gallery

Painting Styles

Famous Painters J. M. W. Turner

Joshua Reynolds

The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood was a group of mainly British painters