Contents
Chapter 1 - Initial Research
Chapter 2 - Biokinetic pavilion
Chapter 3 - Biokinetic pavilion
Dieste research
Grids on single curved surfaces
Introduction
Research introduction
Grids on doubly curved surfaces
Mechanism theory
Church of Christ the worker
Predefined geometrical grids on doubly curved surfaces
Mechanism in tension experimentation
Simplified versatile fabrication methods
Investigation into overlapping panels
Horizontal bracing between two mechanisms
Fabricating connections
Panels on multiple grids on doubly curves forms
Panel application to the mechanism
Kinetic connections - Armadillo case study
Geometrical grids with attractor determined sizes
Mesh and panel application to the mechanism
Digital kinetic design - Double curvature analysis
Grid definition of geometry - Curve attenuation
Panel analysis
Digital kinetic design - Single curved approximated panels
Rotation movement on grids
Mechanism development
Digital kinetic design - Connection axis detail
Individual panel kinetic motion
Uniform size mechanism around a sphere multiplied
Physical kinetic design - Metal 1:50 scale model
Grid definition of geometry
Uniform size mechanism creating wave experiment
Kinetic panellised connection
Rotation attenuation
Increasing size mechanism around a sphere
Pangolin case study
Rotation movement on grids
Mechanism size increase theory
Holistic panel motion
Singly curved free-standing panelling system
Kinetic experiment 1
Base mechanism design
Variable forms for kinetic mechanism
Singly curved details
Kinetic experiment 2
Doubly curved prototyping
Motion defined by a mechanism
Horizontal bracing mechanism
Kinetic experiment 3
Final developed biokinetic pavilion
Mechanism analysis
Elevations of final design system extended and contracted
Kinetic experiment 4
Further applications of the design
Mechanism prototyping development
Biokinetic pavilion
Pavilion design
Biokinetic pavilion conclusion
Group work
by Sam Hayes
Motion defined design system Biokinetic pavilion Biokinetic pavilion conclusion
by Jan Harmens
Dieste research
“The resistant virtues of the structures that we seek depend on their form; it is through their form that they are stable, not because of an awkward accumulation of material. There is nothing more noble and elegant from an intellectual viewpoint than this: To resist through form.� Eladio Dieste 1987
Research introduction
Eladio Dieste was a Uruguay born Architect and Engineer
His expertise was designing buildings that did not require the use of ribs or beams. Usually costing significantly less than the equivalent concrete structure.
Inverted catenary
Catenary
Tension
Forms based on achieving structural efficiency by using ceramic tiles laminated together and combined as thin shell vaults, wide-curved roof spans or sinuous walls.
Tension
Construction systems derived from structural principles associated with the geometry of the catenary.
Dieste research
Church of Christ the worker
Dieste research
Church of Christ the worker
Identification and production of a doubly curve form based around a single line
Extrusion of curved elements to produce a lofted curved geometry
Lofting between each alternative curve forms a doubly curved form. This is a digital representation of the walls of the church
Generating a series of points from the top of the original and handed walls to form an arched roof
Dieste research
Church of Christ the worker
When digitally creating this representation, parametric software was used. This allowed us to create a parametric model with 3 main parameters; the curvature of the roof, the length of the building and the attenuation of the curved walls.
Dieste research
Church of Christ the worker
Increased attenuation of the curved walls
Significantly increased attenuation of the curved walls
Increased height of the roof
Significantly increased height of the roof
Slightly Increased length of the building
Significantly increased length of the building
Simplified versatile fabrication methods Doubly curved geometry
A waffle construction typology was employed to relate to an basic doubly curved geometry. This process approximates a complex geometry as Dieste’ beautiful balanced forms did.
Simplified versatile fabrication methods
Doubly curved geometry
Plan of horizontal elements of the structure
Isometric view of a physical model built to test the ease of construction
Simplified versatile fabrication methods Doubly curved geometry
The waffle construction method uses slices of the defined geometry to approximate the shape. These slices receive widths from the materials and the form is produced.
Simplified versatile fabrication methods
Doubly curved geometry
Plan of vertical elements of the structure
Isometric view of a physical model built to test strength. The model showed significant compressive strength when testing until failure
Fabricating connections Notch details
The previous model was constructed using glue and relied on a laminating technique. When scaling this up and more secure fixing was required. A simple solution is to create grooves and notches.
A model with four separate forms all connected using the groove and notch system
Fabricating connections
Notch details
Several views showing the notch system. The model has a degree of transparency to ease connection visibility
Shown above is a sequence of four forms slowly connection to create one amalgamated element
Kinetic connections Armadillo case study
During the initial research into multiple fabrication techniques, we turned to nature as evolution has been perfecting this research for thousands of years. The Armadillo displayed a unique skin/facade system that we decided to investigate .
Kinetic connections
Armadillo case study
An Armadillo is a mammal which has rigid shields over the shoulders and hips
Additional shield covers the top of the head, the upper parts of the limbs, and the tail in the form of curved armoured plates
These plates slot together to form an impermeable shield against predators without reducing mobility when not in a defensive stance
Shields cover the top of the head. The upper parts of the limbs in curved amour like plates
Digital kinetic design Single curvature plates
Digital kinetic design
Surfaces between two curves
These plates slot together to form an impermeable shield against predators without reducing mobility when not in a defensive stance. The minimum displacement line between the curve was substituted with an arc. This allowed for the radial movement, however, in addition to the arc a further problem occurs that material seemingly grows and stretches.
Digital kinetic design Double curvature analysis
Digital kinetic design
Double curvature plates
For manufacturing and fabrication purposes there was a clear need to simplify the rotating parts to items curved in only one direction.
Digital kinetic design
Single curved approximated panels
Digital kinetic design
Single curved approximated panels
The panels are now curved in only one direction allowing for greater ease of construction as we can now create them from sheet material.
Digital kinetic design
Single curved approximated panels
Digital kinetic design
Single curved approximated panels
Each panel has been slightly changed so that they all follow the same rotational axis
Digital kinetic design Connection axis detail
Digital kinetic design
Connection axis detail
Enhanced view of connection detail which highlights the rotation axis.
Physical kinetic design Metal 1:50 scale model
Physical kinetic design
Metal 1:50 scale model
Physical kinetic design Paper 1:100 scale model
Physical kinetic design
Paper 1:100 scale model
Shown above is a sequence of models based on a varying distance between connection nodes
Physical kinetic design Paper 1:100 scale model
Physical kinetic design
Paper 1:100 scale model
Shown above is a sequence of models based on a varying rotations of each plate like member
Kinetic panellised connection Pangolin case study
After initial investigation into the Amarillo systems we discovered the pangolin a similar herbivore that embodied a more intelligent fabrication system. The pangolin skin/facade addressed the weaknesses we discovered when researching the armadillo. This related to our design process of investigation, testing and development.
Kinetic panellised connection
Pangolin case study
Pangolin coiled into a doubly curved form
The scales are made of keratin, the same material human fingernails are made from
The scales are large, hardened overlapping plates
They approximate the skins form as movement occurs
Biokinetic pavilion
Investigation by Sam Hayes
Grids on single curved surfaces
Grids on single curved surfaces
Identify lofted shape based on similar curves to generate surface
Use each of the grid cells to create a shape and apply a rotation around an axis based on fabrication methodology
Grids on doubly curved surfaces
Grids on doubly curved surfaces
Identify curves in 3 dimensions to approximate a double curved surface
Use each of the grid cell to create a shape and a apply a rotation around a axis based on fabrication methodology
Predefined geometrical grids on doubly curved surfaces
Predefined geometrical grids on doubly curved surfaces
Plan of a doubly curved form made of a tessellated hexagonal panel. There is no overlap
There is no overlap. Instead each panel is a unique size, shape and orientation
Investigation into overlapping panels Panels on multiple grids on doubly curves forms
Investigation into overlapping panels
Panels on multiple grids on doubly curves forms
Simple regular equal segmented grid
Twisted irregular segmented grid
Complex regular equal segmented grid
Complex twisted Di-grid
Investigation into overlapping panels Physical model Scale 1:1
Investigation into overlapping panels
Physical model Scale 1:1
A light source showing the gaps within the physical model
We attached 108 panels to a balloon and then measured the levels of inflation and how the panels responded to the difference host geometry.
Geometrical grids with attractor determined sizes
Several line are defined and set to become attractors. The closer the individual panel to the line the larger whilst maintaining 100% tessellation
One spiral line is defined and set to become the attractor. The closer the individual panel to the line the larger whilst maintaining 100% tessellation
Geometrical grids with attractor determined sizes
The sequence above shows the progression when incrementally increased significance to the defined linear attractors is applied
The sequence above shows the progression when incrementally increased significance to the defined spiral attractor is applied
Grid definition of geometry Curve attenuation
Grid definition of geometry
Curve attenuation
A wire frame grid of the doubly curved form is created
Each vertical member is divided into a series of smaller panels
Each panel has a predefined unique planar surface
Generating more panels provides a more accurate representation of the original geometry
Rotation movement on grids Individual panel kinetic motion
Rotation movement on grids Individual panel kinetic motion
Rotational axis
The north to south rotational axis is determined by the panels predefined relation to the grid that approximates the doubly curved geometry.
Rotational axis Rotational vector
Rotational vector Rotational axis
Grid definition of geometry Rotation attenuation
Grid definition of geometry
Rotation attenuation
Using the previously defined grid on a sphere and add a rotation based on material limits
Generating more panels provides a more accurate representation of the original geometry
Rotation movement on grids Holistic panel motion
Rotation movement on grids
Holistic panel motion
Rotation in the XZ plane respective to each panels normal planar orientation
Each progressive image rotates an additional 10 degrees allowing for the structure to open and close based on design drivers
Kinetic experiment 1
Resultant geometry
Variable forms for kinetic mechanism
Resultant motion
Resultant motion
Initial rotation
As the handle turns, the cam rotates. The difference in amplitude of the cams forced each concentric ring to move and a oscillating fashion. Each oscillating ring beam has a different wavelength based on the different sizes and therefore multiple geometries can be formed.
Kinetic experiment 1
Variable forms for kinetic mechanism
Resultant geometry at 0 degrees in isometric
Resultant geometry at 0 degrees in elevation
Resultant geometry at 90 degrees in isometric
Resultant geometry at 90 degrees in elevation
Kinetic experiment 1
Variable forms for kinetic mechanism Defined geometry
Pistons
Guide plate 1
Guide plate 2
Supporting columns Rotating member
Supporting columns
Cams Handle to input rotation
Base
Kinetic experiment 1
Variable forms for kinetic mechanism
Resultant geometry at 225 degrees in isometric
Resultant geometry at 225 degrees in elevation
Resultant geometry at 290 degrees in isometric
Resultant geometry at 290 degrees in elevation
Kinetic experiment 2
Motion defined by a mechanism
Kinetic experiment 2
Motion defined by a mechanism
During testing of this physical model. The friction of the material used proved to be to great. The cams would freely rotate as needed but the pistons would be dragged in the rotation vector.
To combat this increased friction, electricians tape was used to coat each cams contact surfaces
The result proved successful at reducing the friction as the cams would still rotate but the largest of the cams would still drag the pistons in the rotational vector
Kinetic experiment 3 Mechanism analysis
Kinetic experiment 3 Mechanism analysis
In order to reduce the friction even more The next model had a series of changes. This was to stop the pistons being dragged out of position and ultimately falling off the cams
Starting position
Eventual failure of the mode
Kinetic experiment 4
Mechanism prototyping development
Kinetic experiment 4
Mechanism prototyping development
Isometric cam version 1
Maximum displacement of the amplitude of the cam
Elevation of cam version 1
Noticing only the largest cams where now causing the models failure 2 smaller varying version where designed and built
Isometric cam version 2
Maximum displacement of the amplitude of the cam
Elevation of cam version 2 I expected the smaller cams to allow the pistons to stay in track easier because the smaller the maximum displacement of the greater amplitude of the cam the closer I could locate the first guide. The closer the guide the less movement could occur in the rotational vector.
Kinetic experiment 4
Mechanism prototyping development
Kinetic experiment 4
Mechanism prototyping development
With the guides located further apart and the first guide located closer to the cams another development was to reduce the weight of the pistons. This was achieved with 3 separate methods. Material change from wood to perspex decreased the weight significantly. Then the piston was shortened to further reduce overall weight. The last development was to round the cam end of each piston to reduce contact area to reduce the friction. The image above shows a progression from left to right of piston development of which each was more successful than the previous. The final piston motion is exactly as required.
Pavilion design
Motion defined design system
Basic 3d printed model showing initial development into how the panels form on the defined geometry set by the motion of the ring beams.
Activating the mechanism can alter the form. Basic section showing how the internal mechanism causes the enclosure of the space within.
Pavilion design
Motion defined design system
Identification of kinetic ring beams
Creating equal sequence of points on each beam to create connections
Basic extrusion of segments of the ring beam to form panel connection location
Applying a series of hinge points to each panel connection location
Applying the panels that can rotation to rest upon each other
The panels are tessellated around the rings and form the pavilion skin
Biokinetic pavilion The pavilion is designed so users can use a simple handle to manipulate the mechanism within to change the form of the pavilion. In doing so the pavilion becomes a versatile organic piece of architecture that can adapt to suit the needs of its user.
Biokinetic pavilion plan The pavilion is designed to be erected as a semi permanent structure that can be dismantled and rebuilt to suit sites requirements. The panels use a simple hinge system to clip onto the ring beams which move based on the internal mechanism
Biokinetic pavilion conclusion
By Sam Hayes
Fabrication conclusion The brief was to create and investigate fabrication technique. I feel the project was extremely successful. The project was fed from some initial research defined by previous Architects who had investigated advance fabrication techniques. The project revolved around a looping research, fabricate and develop process. This allowed for the finished results to flow organically from the project progression. The group work worked extremely well. The small group allowed for intense and in depth research to be conducted whilst catering for a degree of unbiased peer review rationalisation. The final design is completely derived from a logical information testing led process. It responds to the brief in a intuitive manner and the final product can help educate people about the fabrication element of architecture. On reflection of the project to improve it, regimented deadlines for defined sections of the final product could aid deadline pressure and allow for a more holistic review process throughout the project development. I thoroughly enjoyed the project and it opened my eyes to a prototyping development process that I think has proven incredibly fun and successful.
Biokinetic pavillion
Investigation by Jan Harmens
Introduction
The aim of this brief was to investigate a fabrication technique and develop a panelling system for a pavilion with the aim to build a 1:1 scale model of one of the groups finished designs for the end of year exhibition. One of the initial concerns was that if the panelling system was be situated in the courtyard it would need to be erected and dismantled daily as could not be left outside overnight. From the initial research into contouring influenced by Dieste it became apparent that the fabrication process would have to be either much faster or the panelling system would fold in some way to so it could be moved inside at night. Researching how a system like this occurs in nature the Armadillo’s shell suited the initial requirements however after experimentation with this form its was decided the panelling system needed to be more complex and have more scope for development. It was at this point the Pangolin, a mammal similar to the Armadillo, became more favourable to allow the project to develop further. Using our combined research the group split down separate investigatory paths though still discussing development principles to evolve our individual projects. The initial investigation for this chapter involved a panelling system that would be able to extend and contract. A simplified system emulating the motion of the Pangolin’s armour as it moves. The outcome would be a panelling system that extended and sheltered occupants beneath the panels but could be rapidly moved when needed.
Mechanism theory
derived from the motion of the Pangolin
Relaxed Muscle Relaxed Muscle
Muscle in Tension
Muscle in Tension
When the muscle contracts it pulls the limb inwards
When the opposing muscle contracts it pulls the limb outwards
The Laws of this theory have been broken down so by using one elastic membrane the two elements will be forced back together.
Analysing the forces this shows that when the tension force travels through the pivot the forces will directly oppose each other and fix the mechanism in position
Mechanism in tension experimentation
Tension Force through elasticated membrane opposing Mechanism Rotation
Mechan
ism Arm
Rotation
Experimentation iterations
Computational development
Direction arms are being moved appart - tension forces oppose this
Initially the extending arms of the mechanism separate keeping the elasticated membrane in tension
As the arms separate further the force pulling them back together increases however the computational model does not show this effect.
The mechanism continues to open until the pieces are in line with one another.
When the pieces reach this position the tension forces of the elasticated membrane and the forces that pull the arms together are parallel through the structure resulting in the mechanism in theory fixing in position.
Paper model experimentation
Initially the mechanism was successful. As the arms rotate away from one another the tension increased.
However when the mechanism was put in the position of being in equilibrium it bent and distorted as the tension force was stronger than the arms resulting in the model folding over itself and not fixing in position like the computer simulation predicted.
Wooden model experimentation
Again, initially the mechanism was successful. As the arms rotate away from one another the tension increased and the arms didn’t bend or buckle out of form.
However when the mechanism was put in the position of being in equilibrium it wouldn’t hold. The position it had be in for the mechanism to stay in position was so precise its was practically impossible to hold itself in position.
Mechanism in tension multiplied experimentation
Pull direction
The elastic membrane theory has been applied to a larger mechanism to analyse whether having more components will hold the full extension in a fixed position or if it will be as sensitive/delicate as the previous experiments.
Again the arms separate further the force pulling them back together increases. Pulling apart the end pieces the remaining elements move in unison keeping an equal space between each.
Tension Force through joints in-line with the tension force fixes mechanism in fully extended position.
The mechanism continues to open until the pieces are in line with one another. During physical modelling the tensile part effected the model much later as there was a limited elasticity so its only had an effect from approximately this level of extension.
When the computational model reached its full extension it again held itself in position however the physical wooden model again was sensitive and the smallest angle out and the mechanism snapped back to its initial rest position. In theory this experiment had promise however the full extension is currently too sensitive to progress further at this point.
Horizontal bracing between two mechanisms
Doubling up the mechanism allowed for a plane where other systems or membranes could be attached.
As the end bracing are pulled apart the mechanism extends.
Altering the lengths of each limb allowed the mechanism to extend by different amounts and at different ratios.
The fully extended mechanism extends to a single plane allowing for a maximum increase in size of an attached membrane.
The paper model showed that the in reality the mechanism did not open in unison like the digital model.
As the model was pulled from its ends the arms would rotate from the furthest out and then as the mechanism was pulled further apart the inside mechanism pieces followed suit still resulting in a single plane as a final result however not as smoothly as predicted.
Panel application to the mechanism
Applying panels similar to the Pangolin to the mechanisms horizontal bracings created a covered internal space.
Applying panels similar to the Pangolin to the mechanisms horizontal bracings created a covered internal space.
As the mechanism is extended the panels spread apart however the panels must be a minimum of 1.2 times the length of the horizontal arm so not to create gaps within the fully extended form. Also applying panels resulted in the form not fully extending and the panels overlapped and could not pass through one another.
Offsetting panels
Analysing the Pangolin’s skin the panels offset one another to reduce the gaps between over lapping panels
Again as the mechanism separated the panels moved back over one another.
However again the mechanism could not fully extend due to the over lapping showing that the mechanism needed to be further developed.
Offset panels models
The physical model allowed a deeper analysis of the mechanism.
As the mechanism extended the offset panels were successful in not allowing for noticeable gaps to appear within the model however the mechanism did not open evenly as intended.
Mesh and panel application to the mechanism
Applying an elasticated mesh to the mechanism aimed to combine the uniform motion of the earlier mechanism experiments and also form a base form the panels to spread across.
The mesh attached to the horizontal bracing. As the wooden mechanism extended the mesh spread to cover the changing form. This successfully simulated the Pangolin’s skin beneath the panels.
However as the mechanism extended further the mesh reached its maximum elastic potential restricting the mechanism. When researching further into meshes this system was deemed impractical to upscale. Resulting in the mechanism system having to be re-evaluated.
Panel analysis
The panels followed the Pangolin form as this shape seemed more versatile to over lapping and possible future development into the mechanism moving in different directions.
The panels would have to rotate from a horizontal bracing over lapping each other. This has been simulated around a curve as to emulate an organic form.
The panels rotate around their axis and settle on top of one another. This meant each panel would be rotated by a different amount around the sphere in order to continue concealing the interior.
Panelling Experimentation
Experimenting with different sized panels to evaluate rotation angles and the space between each panel.
This study was strongly informative for the most effective overlap and scaling for overlapping panels. Further more showing that for doubly curved faรงades the panels would have to be offset to reduce gaps.
Mechanism development
Uniform size mechanism
Having two pieces with the pivot in the centre also increases rigidity as well as making sure the mechanism extends in unison. The developed mechanism also works on a chain reaction theory so if just the initial end points are moved the whole mechanism will extend.
Shown here is the mechanism extending creating a smooth exterior curve when fully extended when just moving the initial ends of the mechanism. This allows future evolutions of this mechanism to be fully extended from just a single movement.
Uniform size mechanism around a sphere multiplied
Duplicating the mechanism at an angle and adding horizontal bracing creates a 3D form where the panels can be applied.
The whole system extends and the panels move in direct correlation with the mechanism itself.
Rotating this form creates a half sphere that allows the mechanism to form a pavilion/shelter protecting the internal environment from external elements.
Uniform size mechanism creating wave experiment
Inverting the mechanism and connecting each end simulates a waveform. This was a result of experimenting with multiple forms. The wave was most successful as well as showing how the panels would react when angling upwards rather than downwards like in previous experiments.
Increasing size mechanism around a sphere
The previous studies all involved a uniformly sizes mechanism. To progress the project it was necessary to develop the mechanism further to increase in scale as it extended.
Mechanism size increase theory
The longest length of the first mechanism equals the shortest length of the next
Moving the pivot to 40% along the arc rather than being central allows for the mechanism to increase in size when the next mechanism part is scaled in relation to its previous pair of arms
.For this mechanism I developed the formula; (L x 0.4) to get the pivot position. Then ((L x 0.6) x 0.4) x 10 = L2 the length of the next arm in the sequence.
Increasing size panelled wave mechanism
Applying this theory to the waveform and scaling the panels.
The difference in size between the initial collapsed mechanism and fully extended mechanism has drastically increased allowing for the corresponding panels’ to also be scaled to suit the model.
Increasing size panelled wave mechanism Physical model
Physically modelling this form proved that the mechanism increasing in size was a success and the panels worked systematically to shelter the internal space. However the form the inverted half of the curve was not a smooth curve due to being the inside of the mechanism though this was hidden from view by the successfully overlapping panels. It proved best to return to the mechanism curve to be in a single direction.
Singly curved free-standing panelling system
Physically modelling this form proved that the mechanism increasing in size was a success and the panels worked systematically to shelter the internal space. However the form the inverted half of the curve was not a smooth curve due to being the inside of the mechanism though this was hidden from view by the successfully overlapping panels. It proved best to return to the mechanism curve to be in a single direction.
Base mechanism design
As the mechanism is extended a secondary mechanism can be fixed in position fixing the extending system in position at different intervals.
The mechanism was a success and so a base would need to be developed. This was first developed on a mechanism that was singly curved. From multiple experiments ranging from a sophisticated pulley system to a spring and a screw the most effective system to succeed when the design was scaled up was a ratchet system.
Singly curved details
Details the mechanism parts are bolted together allowing them to rotate around one another.
The panels are layered gluing to the panels bellow and then to the horizontal bracing (when scaled up this would be replaces by the panels being bolted together).
Singly curved physical model
Once this model was digitally fabricated and successful it was the build physically and also was a success. Both mechanisms worked together and held the fully extended mechanism in position.
Doubly curved prototyping
Further experimentation with the base mechanism and analysing the possibility of the design being increased in size to shelter a greater area.
This base mechanism showed promise digitally.
However once physically tested the force needed was much larger than anticipated and the resultant pressure on the connection pieces between the extension mechanism and the base put too much strain on the joint for it to be viable to scale up.
Horizontal bracing mechanism
The doubly curved physical model also showed that as the mechanism extends the horizontal bracings must increase in length similar to how the Pangolin’s skin would stretch as it moved.
This horizontally moving system was developed to take into account the horizontal movement of the system.
The panels where then layered onto this mechanism allowing the mechanism to extend horizontally as the rest of the design extended outwards.
The panels took into account this developed horizontal mechanism and notches were removed to allow the panels to move between each other with the rest of the mechanism.
Final developed biokinetic pavilion
Developed combined systems
Combining these developed systems and applying the together allowed for the doubly curved design to be a success. The ratchet base mechanism was most successful so incorporated.
The horizontal mechanism was further developed to reduce the number of components within the mechanism making the horizontal mechanism and the panels single entities.
Elevations of final design system extended and contracted
Final extended free-standing panelling system pavilion
The final upscale model would be fabricated out from galvanized steel. This structurally it would be stronger than alternative materials as well as allowing the panels to be made thinner to reduce the weight allowing the overall design to lighter and so more easily erected.
Biokinetic pavilion The pavilion is designed to be a self supporting panelling system that rapidly increases in size to shade users.
Further applications of the design
The final design is a self supporting biokinetic solar shading paneling system..
Due to how the design have been constructed it allows for the mechanisms to multiply and span a greater area, all connecting together having the same extension activation point.
Plan with biokinetic pavilion on site
The pavilion is designed to be erected as a semi permanent structure that can be dismantled and rebuilt to suit sites requirements.
Fabrication conclusion
The project was extremely successful. I felt the project was fuelled by a combination of investigated fabrication techniques and a personal investigation into how panelling systems occur in nature. The project consisted of continuous development, involving further research and evolving a design. The direction of this evolution was dependent upon the outcome of fabrication and prototyping investigations. As the project was well defined it allowed for a greater analysis which resulted in a significantly successfully developed and analysed final product. The group work was greatly beneficial as it allowed group members to heavily research into different areas of fabrication theory. Then discuss and develop these theories among peers allowing for a sizable amount of research to be considered. The final design has been completely derived from a research, test, development process combining digital and physical modelling to evaluate a fabrication strategy of a developing panelling system. I found the project thoroughly enjoyable. It allowed me to develop a concept, physically model prototypes, test them and then further develop my design within a specific time frame and I am incredibly satisfied with the result.