|| REAL UTOPIAS
SPECULATIVE IDEAS, REPRESENTATIONS, DRAWINGS, AND MODELS FOR CITIES AND THEIR INFRASTRUCTURES Professor NASRINE SERAJI
KWOK TSZ YI
HKD$50.00
ARCH 7401//2020
Sherman Hin Fung LAM Sara Maria MARTINS Ruei-Cyuan WANG Rochelle Charis YU Ka Fai CHAN Xenia Ying Hung CHU Jay Holder JORDAN TSZ YI KWOK Muye MA Tai SHENG Kenji TANG Yalu XIAO Connie Man Ki YEUNG Kelvin Ka Ho YUEN Xinkai FAN Charles Xuancheng LIN Xiaoke ZHANG Zhening ZHANG Freda Ching Yee CHAN Bellamy Linya FU Tin Tian ZENG Sabrina Li Yin CHAU
REAL UTOPIAS
ARCH7401
SUPERRADICAL
8
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SPECULATIVE DESIGN
BRING BACK RADICAL DESIGN !!!!!!
break from the past,debate about the role of architecture & the form that cities might take in the future.
Utopian
thinking is absolute ideological critique towards social condition, living standard, reflection of ongoing social urban political crisis. The idealism of modern architecture envision a better world,in any sense radically. The intention is to imagine a reform of brave new world through the critical lens of technology and science.The legacy to achieve alienating landscape that escaped from the confines of orthodox tradition.
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CONTENT SUPERPRODUCTION
SUPERINDUCTION SUPERPRCONSUMPTION
CONTENT
SUPERARCHITETTURA TAFURI
ANTI-DESIGN
SUPERPRMAN
BIBLIOGRAPHY
UTOPIAN RELATION 4
6-7
EXTREME HK
8-15
EXTREME INTERIORITY POLITICAL ATTRIBUTION
TERRITORY
16-23
DIGITAL HABITAT
24-29
30-31 32-39
SUPER-GRID SURVEILLANCE
40-45
APOCALYPSE
46-55
NARRATIVE
56-57 58-59
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FIG.1 MEGA-STRUCT
A collection of mega-object performe fashion of architecture, design, techno experience and engagement of visitors contribution including Buckminster the t 6
TURE. EXPO. STAGE
ed as a scenario, exhibiting the newest ology in 60s and 70s, highlighting the s towards the monumental and festive Fuller's Dome, The Tower of Sun of time. 7
01 HK EXTREME EXTERIORITY &INTERIORITY
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of stopless HK
The scene of no stop city is presented in real life, just near you, but it is just an exaggerated and condensed form of reality. Here, a Reyner Banham’s mechanically well-tempered environment replaces the holistic synthesis of urban planning, architecture and interior of early modernism under the logic of efficiencies and orthodox functionalism.. Such a space will only put people in a psychological state of claustrophobia and express the concept of so-called "critical utopia". According to Andrea Branzi, the main member of the group, in response to cultural crisis of modernism in the consumer society and the ever-dramatization of urban density, it is necessary to reshape the value of architecture. Architecture need to be used as a tool for political and ideological criticism. So as Hong Kong city experience is largely characterized by the mass production of standard units and consumptive pattern, the architecture need to retain an act of destruction and obstruction, in order to resist the numbness of daily life under the authoritarian capitalist system.
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Hong Kong’s urban and public interiority
“The interior has grown to become an endless type of urban form.” Idiosyncrasies of the quasi-iconic archetype, the endless stacking of malls and skyscrapers in Hong Kong demonstrated the most extreme scenario of indoor urbanism where the notoriously vertical articulation and network of the interior atmosphere had defined constrained and channelled commercial and domesticated spaces as unavoidable conditions for urban life. Hong Kong’s topography, density and economy compaction of high-rise, mixeduse and high-density configuration connected by a comprehensive public transportation system and pedestrian network,resulting in a typical ‘linear rail city composed of transit-oriented development with large-scale mega-structure’, in which create an urbanism of continuous “interiority”. The intense banality of over-scale and anaesthetizing internal atmosphere in Hong Kong public spaces are predominantly produced through bureaucratic logic of organizational flow, spaces of circulation, consumption and communication, at the expense of socio-cultural manner, formulating a sense of ‘non-place’ anonymity or ‘junkspace’ replica, and of intensified Corbusier’s Plan Voisin vision. As a matter of fact, highly privitalized giant decorated shed represents the integral parts of the Hong Kong urban landscape, a result of the homogenization of corporate standardization and monotonous form of public interior spaces. As such,the interiors are arranged to condition the predictable and profitable behavioural responses according to Hong Kong consumer culture. The everchanging dichotomy between privacy and publicity is linked to mass production and consumption which urban inhabitants familiarized with the imageability of scenes depicted in mass media, a condition criticised by Superstudio and Archizoom.This artificiality belies the capacity for inclusiveness, multiplicity and contestation and absorbed all forms of social encounter in the city. In general, the rise of individualism in the neoliberal societies and the continual restructuring of contemporary consumptive patterns together with the pandemic irruption represent profound challenges to the interface of urban interiority. The public interiors are endowed with both a spatial and temporal dimension as well as defined by architectural, social,urban and anthropological perspectives. Thus, the idea of urban interiority as collective individuation is a mode of intensity, highlights the process of interiorising as a ‘relational condition with the exterior realm’, corresponding to an event instead of merely a personal subjectification.
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FIG.2 PATTERN & COLLECTIVE
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POLITICS OF PARTICIPATION AND APPROPRIATION#1 Their design moves past its utopian potentials and criticisms, amplifying its surface value. They designed homogeneous living spaces without boundaries. The No-stop City was essentially conceived of as being organic and driven by the needs of its inhabitants, provoking a critique reflecting the situation that the city are arranged to condition the unpredictable and spontaneous behavioural responses from the citizens. “Freeing mankind from architecture insomuch as it is a formal structure" The proposed metropolis is endlessly expansive and perfectly featureless, the urban landscape is barren except for the repetition of vehicle, and this time, the people took the street, in the most rigorously exaggerated juxtaposition and combination form, grabbing all sorts of elements available locally, constructing an extensive network off homogeneous and repetitive disposition as the act of civil disobedience in raising alarm to the government. People are at liberty to live as they wish and wherever they want, protesters are unavoidable in mobilizing the public road around all those ubiquitous corporate-led urban enclave,as potential stages and testing ground for ad hoc political action.
FIG.4 Protest and Road Block construction in HK
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FIG.3 Informal object identified for performing protest activities
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FIG.5 The urban interior of HSBC Bank in Central is augmented into expanded field of ‘temporary refuge’ for Foreign Domestic Helpers.
FIG.6The temporary cardboard units repetitively arranged along the Central elevated walkways at Exchange Square on a sunday.
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POLITICS OF PARTICIPATION AND APPROPRIATION#2 Beyond the realm of commodified space, urban and public interior in Hong Kong re-contextualized under social and political forces, adapting a unique evolution of Henri Lefebvre’s right to the city notion, enabling urban inhabitants of all kinds to participate in the use and production of the spaces to meet specific needs. Here, foreign domestic helpers and aforementioned protesters are highlighted as they eminently re-activated city as to catalyse the state of emancipatory respite. Domestic Helpers from Southeast Asian countries are part of, one of the most essential community and family mark-up. Every weekend or holiday, they temporarily transforms the interstitial urban interior and exterior spaces such as elevated walkways, pedestrian tunnels, disused arcades, corporate lobbies, in which this marginalized contingent has created new spaces for culturally dedicated program of consumption and interaction that transgress the formal and commercial boundaries of the city, established an informal socio-spatial territory. As such, the presence of these informal ecologies is fundamentally a political phenomenon of global labour migration and momentum in exercising a collective culture of solidarity and resistance. Thus, the value of no-stop city has become a specific form of agency in accommodating communities of difference in the multi-temporal and multi-spatial contemporary city.
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02 TERRITORY
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of social form and right Theoretically, the No-Stop City is based on the idea that advanced technology could eliminate the need for a centralized modern city. This plan visualized a fragment of a metropolis that can be extended infinitely through the addition of homogeneous elements adapted to a variety of uses. Residential units and free-form organic shapes representing parks are placed haphazardly over a grid structure, allowing for a large degree of freedom within a regulated system. Strongly ironic but designed with committed political ingenuity, the proposal questions the normative character of the existing city and defends new conceptions of life as expressed in revolutionary urban form. No-Stop City performed a scientific analysis of the contemporary urban condition, simultaneously utopian and dystopian, that is, beyond good and evil, employing the ‘abstract, theoretical, and conjectural’ tools of architectural representation. Laissez-faire development and of the Realpolitik assumptions of much design and planning. Several scenario of urban design are highlighted to illustrate their vision and to demystify and critically depict ongoing social problems, slum development as a huge one.
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FIG.7 TOKYO METROPOLITAN EXPRESSWAY
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FIG.8 BARCELONA SUPERBLOCK
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FIG.9 CENTRAL PARK
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FIG.10 MUMBAI SLUM CITY
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OMG! the living condition is so poor and so smelly, there is not even a proper glass for the window
The dweller all self-built these cabins with existing material and arranged like a village
Spaces are available for undetermined activities, I am here just about to get some water
Do you have extra steel sheet? my roof is leaking again
RANDOM LADY A
RANDOM MAN A
Welcome to the 'interior' warehouse, it is the common ground for making craftsmanship, free to join us!
DENSER & DENSER, turning into a " vast continuous interior", almost like separated from the real world, present same organizatioin like factory but without options
There is a distinctive segregation between the settlement to the highway and the opposite side of well-conditioned and managed housing estate, the infinitely expanded tactics of the city could only operate within the boundary, becoming unsustinable.
Im looking at the plan of no-stop city, an unbuilt project, is clearly observed that only the things people essentially need throughout the day and natural resources are depicted. Here, in the slum settlement, there is everything one need for living, the dynamism of movement and consumptive pattern is vigorous as they aggregate as a community form
Utopia city where there is freedom and homeogenously featureless element where can be any thing and everywhere they want
we should reflect critically for our society as a response to the social deprivation and development of new social form rather than positioning blocks to house people
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FIG.11 Storyboard of the visit to Mumbai Slum
A new form of territory appeared in MUMBAI
Researching environment, common culture, and the city Last year I visited to Mumbai India and out of curious took a local slum tour. Walking pass the squatter settlements, the tour guide described mercilessly about the ever-expanding poor living conditions. One in six Indians are estimated to be living in slum or squatter settlement in next 10 years, the statistics are frightening yet the slum dweller enjoyed occupying the land, almost forming a micro-climate as a strong community according to the tour guide. It is an extremely out-of-control shanty town, scattered with sewage, daily products, congested with vehicles, people, a very nasty unhygienic condition. Nevertheless, people restore their freedom to express, they find ways to obtain stable electricity, cables and water supply, they share facilities, amenities among. It is for sure questioning the essence of a city, it is 10 social housing block in a row offer a 'better' alternative to the existing realisation of urban environment? No-stop city's vision would be a gesture frivolously developed by the dwellers at the moment, but the universal housing state will replace gradually of the settlement through government redevelopment project. Under Archizoom critical perspective, there should be a model for understanding the phenomena structuring the city and society, as a "user-negotiated" city, in the language of today "co-created" open city.
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03 DIGITAL HABITAT
of digital nomadism
As Coronavirus continues to wreak havoc on the world, a group of humans-digital nomads appeared to be mentally, emotionally, economically coped with the pandemic. Japanese author Tsugio Makimoto coined the idea of work-anywhere lifestyle in his book DIGITAL NOMAD in 1997. Due to the forces of social media, emergence of gig economy, extreme ease of air travel and rise in property/ living cost, led to the presence of co-living and co-working trend. The change in lifestyle has become an unavoidable global movement and shifting of "living ecosystem" are crucial for post-pandemic future. Archigram narrated a society of services, drew their attention from popular culture, consumer society, new computer technologies, space exploration, image of science fiction, reflecting the transformation architecturally and spatially through their renowned works of INSTANT CITY in 1969-70, WALKING CITY in 1964 and PLUG-IN CITY in 1964-65. The adaptability, expandability and fluidity of infrastructure and servicing prophetically suitable. Exemplary of alternatives to traditional rigid city planning.
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FIG.12 Micro-mobility as imagined by Italian magazine La Domenica del Corriere in December 1962, photo-shopped with people wearing mask during the quarantine period.
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Emerged as the provocative and performative avant garde group, few decades later, Archigram prophesied the future and can be seen as the several trends that define the metropolitan experience. Taking traits of countercultural sensibility, interest in nomadism, debts to visionary predecessors and derided for their futuristic fivolity of art and architetcure to keep pace with products, lifestyles and machinery. The important lesson is the temptation Archigram pursed metaphorically and satirically. It can be either a thought-provoking inquiry about increasing mobility and questioning about the flaws in metropolis or the relation to the surrounding environment The ability of a city to change, in space and time, in the virtual realm and interactions with the physical world.
FIG.13 Peter Cook's Instant CIty project
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REVISITED PACKAGE for modern digitally nomadic lifestyle WHERE/WHEN INSTANT CITY anywhere, post-panedmic time WHO DIGITAL NOMADS, anyone registered WHY commute, but self-isolating with laptops location-independent live on earth, work in cloud met co-workers,contractor,customers, suppliers in person, but online office space,few digital nomads live like travel bloggers,work from home 9-to-5 grind, self-isolation eat, sleep, work and talk to people online need space to meet-up/hold event need shipping, blogging, affiliate marketing, freelancing, consulting,investing HOW remote togetherness, thanks to technology information overload WHAT Architecture/infrastructure disappears, giving way to the image, the event and audiovisual presentations, to gadgets and other environmental simulators.
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Instant city is a physically and emotionally nomadic city, the result of an approach to a philosophical dilemma concerning architecture which Archigram play and experiment with. Idea of a “traveling metropolis,� a package that temporarily infiltrates a community. This city superimposes, time to time there will be new spaces for communication onto the existing land. This audiovisual environment (omnipresence of signs/advertisement board/screens of decorated shed in city), together with mobile objects (1airships 2hot air balloons with 3tents, 4pods 5mobile homes and associated with technological objects (6 gantry cranes7refineries and 8robots) creates a city that consumes information, moves and changes. Instant city arrives at certain location, infiltrates and create an event, it moves and give rise to ephemeral city. 25 years before the birth of the Internet: scenario of network, flow, and vector of information, intertwining the dispersed urban fragments, an incident in time and space. In the dialectic between permanent and transitory, mobile and ephemeral, Instant City embodies the utopian vision of architecture freed from its foundations, of a flying and aerial city, which transforms architecture into a situation, into a reactive environment. Architecture appears both as a consumer object and as the creation of an artificial environment. In the information ages, is about the ultimate expression of urban system where there is no longer differentiation between work space and leisure space , at the minimal condition, the network and paradigmatic shift of virtual/technological influence are asking for an informational, interactive, factual city. We no longer presented or fit as a consumer objectification, but we see ourselves as data, as John may claimed the "post-orthographic system" of data-processing or generative digitalisation radically changed the logic of media-technical gestures. The world is experiencing more screening imagery or representational sensibility in media format with the proliferation of VR, AR technologies, the instant access and engagement to information and images will enable a new form of cultural production and socio-political reaction
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HOW TO USE DIGITAL TO CUSTOMISE YOUR INSTANT CITY? LOAD PERSONAL CARGO
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FIG.14 Event-based instant city in digital device interface+VR
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Architecture
and
Utopia
1PIRANESI With the experience of anguish makes its first appearance in modern form generated by the anonymity of the person in the Carceri
city is a hybrid of hyper-human-nature formulated by machine and human. Both the rise in irrational and rational architecture and scientific focus of the Enlightenment, then influenced Thomas Jefferson;s ideals for architecture in early America
Unlike the realist, utopianist challenged the given real and condition perceived as problematic and reactionary idea projected into a timeless idealization, the criticism of modernist experiments, according to Tafuri, due to its failure in responding to the question, merely projected as a social instrument for pacification notably in the wake of war and economic repercussion at the 1920s.
A universe of empty signs is place of total disorder. The only course left will be to utilize as a new system that which in Piranesi's work is
3PLAN The Enlightenment belief of city as nature, observed ways in which spaces are not doomed to be empty and devoid, but the society now is the agglomeration and reinforcement of political and economic issues. Anonymity replaced by participation and emptiness filled in by pop-up, nomadic, instant ideas.
Georg Simmel discussed increasingly homogeneous subjects and objectified metropolitan experience circulated in a homologous manner, resemblance to the circulation of money economy in the city under capitalist logic and disrupted the essence of the blasé attitude towards engagement with the environment.
What are the reasons behind the physical world we built? If we dismissed the ideal of utopia for liveable of being or becoming liveable? Do we continue to be at the mercy of opposites?
The paradigm shifts from the creation of objects towards the emphasis of process and continuation thereof. Criticism, problematic and the drama of utopia were the basic elements forming the genesis of the modern movement. FREEDOM,INTEGRATIONAND COLLECTIVE PARTICIPATION
5MEDIUM In using expressive aesthetic means like collage, montage, and assemblage, avant-garde exacerbated the metropolitan qualities to project the ‘shock’ confronted in the city. In other words, they tried to counteract the passivity of the flaneur and subvert the blasé attitude into their interpretation of effective participation in the urban scene.
2 City as Park? a city is like a forest, thus the distribution of a city is like that of a park. But the city is not like a park, is no longer natural. If to go back to a balance between the true organic and non-organic, then the way to build should be a reflection of human nature instead of towards becoming the ideal of utopia
4 Juxtaposition
5HILBERSEIMER To seek a critical engagement with the city, the system of construction,constructed the formal language of ‘typical forms’ of ‘metropolitan architecture’, internalized the ‘shock of the metropolis’, a new form of subjective experience as a result of the rapid expansion and transformative trajectory of the society.
I R U F AT
ANGUISHED ANTICIPATION
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ORDER AND CHAOS REGULARITY AND IRREGULARITY ORGANIC AND ORGANIC-LESS That was the long way from late BAROQUE precept of
UNITY in VARIETY
U
T URBAN-RURAL DIALETIC
Walter Benjamin’s anticipation on the trajectory of technological production mode in the concept of the dissolution of the aura. The liberation of art can be observed for increasingly collective and individual responses from the metropolitan experience to the ever-expanding publication of the Internet, allowing the overwhelming reproduction and progressive expression of information.
O
P
I
A
INERTIA
Due to acceleration of social ,economic and spatial transformation
decomposing any ideological complexity, suggesting the call for ‘new subject, new orders, new content, new actors, new aim and new analytical tools. Tafuri appreciated the process and continuation thereof and hence the ongoing operations of objectification within.
URBANTOTALITY Behaviourism exploring the non-places
Suffice to say, Tafuri pointed out the ineffectiveness of utopian ideology against the rationalizing forces of architectural production, bring forth his pessimistic attitude towards architectural practice as the fact that it is embedded in the social, political, economic contexts, leaving no interruption to the means of production, after all, not purely establishing the architectural ideology.
VIRTUAL-URBANDIALECTIC
Inequality and fragmentation of "community" Authority and control cyborgs,telepresence, Bit Virtual spaces and materialized form Apocalypse
what is the future? By relating to 1960/70s, radical utopian advocacy appeared to become valid in respect to the new technologies like media, computer as a capacity for imaging different future and as a rebel against formalized capitalism. John May acknowledged the importance of engaging with the psychosocial implication of imaging in the context of cultural signalization and new technical phenomena. The “post-orthographic” system of data-processing or generative digitalization radically changed the way of architecture involving the logic of media-technical gestures, we now experience imagery and representational sensibility in media format which is obvious to evolve with the proliferation of VR, AR technologies radically in a utopian vision.
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TAFURI
Rossi echoed the diagnosis of Tafurian notion of apocalyptical end of architecture, expressing the nihilistic views towards the ARCHITECTURE utopian ideologies which utTO terly influenced by unorthodox TECHNOUTOPIA Marxian dialectical analysis in disapproval of the possibility of utopia in the time of the capitalist period
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3
0
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1
9
7
0
FIG.15 Aldo Rossi's watercolor of death of architecture
6 CITYagain Under the theme of rationalism and utopia alongside with the landscape and its contradictions. There is a convertion from the creation of object passively to the emphasis of process and continuation thereof. THE ROLE OF THE ARCHITECT IS IN AN ORGANIZING MANNER THAN THE PRODUCER
04 SUPERSURFACE. SUPERGRID. SUPERSCENARIO
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of grid “The grid is, above all, a conceptual speculation…in its indifference to topography, to what exists, it claims the superiority of mental construction over reality” – Rem Koolhaas, Delirious New York.
Super-studio created the Continuous Monument in 1969, an “architectural model of total urbanisation” in which an uninterrupted grid occupied everywhere in the earth.
The grid covers everything – land, architecture, city. Super-studio pushes to an extreme end the notion of architecture as projection. The disjunction of architecture is replaced by the
notion of “supersurface1.” This “reduction of the architectonic object” bears witness to a declared will of the “destruction of the object” for the profit of life, of creative behaviour.
The projected models gave way to the “model of a mental attitude." Square grid used as a design expression is a symbol of monument Architecture became an object that was
built over everyday environment, framing pockets of the past into spaces within the continuous structure of the future, and from the physical interface to virtual environments.
Understanding cyberspace as an allegory for the internet the conceptual connections become clear. The homogeneous grid equalises pre-existing power structures of the city, as
all point harness the same resources. The structure enables the individual rather than inhibits, Super-studio’s romantic notion of the nomad comes to mind.
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Super Studio imagine the future through the complete breakdown of Western society's history, ideology and material structure. Their "anti-design" concept is destruction of object and thus eliminate all the layered power systems implied by the artificial environment and the object. Super Studio has proposed a new structure for the new equality society, which should be free from hierarchy, ownership and any form of labor. This radical political statement was first clearly stated in its "Continuous Monument", which will replace all man-made structures with a global, non-hierarchical grid structure: a blank, featureless aircraft Globalization of the earth continuously. Although never intending to describe the future in words, Supersurface has become an appropriate metaphor for today's online life. The grid appeared to infiltrate every parts of our life from the monumental institutional establishment, the social housing, the extension as to concern about sea level increase, but also how the objectified dimension is engaged with us virtually. Facts have proved that its equal grid idea is closely related to the democratization trend of the Internet and today's "post-ownership society" ideal. In this concept, we no longer need to have any objects to use them. Today, Internet-based sharing platforms allow new ways to collectively rationalize the use of available resources. Can the economy after ownership represent life without objects and consumption? Has the Internet achieved a more equal distribution of power?
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Apple HQ
FIG.16 Continuous Monument in contemporary critical scenario
Flooding issue of city
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GRID ICONOGRAPHY
Omnipresence of rectilinear grid to invade everywhere. Inside of the grid, anything could happen.
In an endless reaction, espec
URBAN-RURAL DIALECTIC
Continuous monument
FIG 17.The SuperStudio's work
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Atti fondamentali, Mort
speculation of design action and user cially those anthropological act
te, 1972
The grid as a place of strategy in line with an array of parameters that define the grid itself as a quintessential grids-cape in virtual game environment. VIRTUAL-URBANDIALECTIC
Game augmented space
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39 FIG 18. HYPERRERALITY OF SUPERSURFACE
05 SURVEILLANCE
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Of control and (un)control
In Climate Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes narrated a false history of political consent, citizens bargain liberties for security and stability against climate deprivation or any forms of outbreaks of conflict over the commodities. In reality, we see large armies and rapidly expanding surveillance states-state power of china now pulls criminals with facial recognition software and deploys domestic spy drones indistinguishable from birds. Walter Benjamin’s discussion on the transforming nature in artwork in response to the conditions of technical reproducibility. He defined the significance of the original work of art in terms of its tradition, permanence and uniqueness which contribute to the constitution of its aura whereas the replica is characterized by its transportability and repeatability. Suffice to say, Benjamin anticipated the trajectory of technological production mode in the concept of the dissolution of the aura. Nowadays, works of art rely on and performed on digital platforms, inherently replicable across the network, in which people experience in everyday life of mass-produced type. The liberation of art can be observed for increasingly collective and individual responses from the film industry to the ever-expanding publication of the Internet, allowing the overwhelmingly reproduction and progressive expression of information from everyone. As a result, the modern media simulates the experience in mobilizing potential of images and culture which is free from its ritual roots
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FIG.19 Sketches question about the surveillance city 42
TITLE: we are in the ever-expanding cartographic landscape SMART CITY Data-collection technology has become ubiquitous in human society, transforming the shape of modern cities. Our action, decision aggregate data point, we are DATA,turned into nudges into certain outcomes SMART CITY? SMART TO CONTROL YOU CITY?
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Imagining a Drone-Proof City in the Age of Surveillance In 1960s to 70s, radical architecture group respond accordingly to the social, technological and political impulse and developed projects that imagine the mobility, flexibility spaces which is free from logic of modernist capitalism. They look at telecommunication, machine as a medium to express the individual and collective value. As drones become increasingly common tools of war and surveillance on the battlefield and in our cities, it is the time to look at the role of architecture and the counter-reaction. The city is an enormous aggregation of and part of the history of defensive urban design, as an intensification of previous tendencies ever since the very beginning of civilization. In retrospect, the notion of the defensible space such as Haussmann's Paris transformation that paved boulevard to allow military movement and deter populace from construction barricade, to WWII period that Hitler transformed spaces into a monumental fortress, to the recent bollard-ization of American streets and fortification of financial building, banks, monuments as response to terrorism. The urban design strategy is to think about new way of space where logical enough for inhabitants to navigate but random enough to disrupt automated surveillance.
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FIG.20 HK Anti-design panorama in response to surveillance
QR code attached to window to disturb drones' connection -roof enclosure to provide thermal control to undermine heat sensor+ lighting interference system. -Continuous monument to unite community and interrupt drone flight patterns
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06 APOCALYPSE
THE POPULAR KALEIDOSCOPE
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of Storytelling Humans have told stories about world end incessantly but when it comes to contemplating real-world crisis, we suffered from a failure of imagination, alluring to the threat without ever perceiving it clearly. We seen to displace the anxieties about energy crisis, global warming by re-staging them in theatres, movies of our own design and control, from crop blight in Interstellar, Children of Men fertility threat, desert panorama disposed by oil crisis in Mad Max: Fury Road, many of which zombie apocalypse of ecological anxiety. In 1960s to 70s, the neo-avant-gardist used negative utopia with critical intent to broaden discussion of architecture, a "rhetorical expedient" entirely removed from normative practice. Super-studio drew attention to risk of uncontrolled development from technological tendencies of capitalist state in their twelve ideal cities.
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FIG21. DISASTER Pop culture to serve Sublimation
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R AS EXPERIMENT narratives that deliver and diversion.
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12 REVISTED CAUTIONARY TALES of APOCALYPSE The matter of nature and our relationship to it. In the 19th century, the built environment reflected the prerogatives of industry, later in twentieth century, the same environments were made to reflect the needs of capital, urbanization pushing labour agglomeration for
new service economy and now, it reflect the demands of the climate crisis including large-scale solar array, carbon-capture filter, seawalls. The ongoing global warming problem for public health, for conflict, for politics, for food produc-
tion and pop culture, for urban life and mental health and the way we imagine our own futures as we begin to perceive, all around us, an intensification of history and the diminishing of possibility that acceleration likely brings.
CRITICAL QUESTIONING 1-2000 HOUR CITY Inhabitants live in cells associated with electronic devices and automated system that can satisfy all needs and desires. Machine controlled life cycle FIG.22 Homogeneous Office Blocks and Playtime Poster
2UNDERGROUND CITY
FIG.23 Oscar Newman's underground city
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The architect and city planner Oscar Newman demonstrated in 1969 the catastrophic nuclear explosion, led to development of a massive underground sphere beneath Manhattan. The hollowed space would be then half occupied in volume with a regular city associated with grid. Scale illustrated the impossibility to exist the underground city and challenged the condition of city.
3-DNA SANCTUARY
FIG.24 Drawing of Svalbard Global Seed Vault
Nothing but barren land left after nuclear explosion,few people managed to escape to this edifice and unconscious about the existence of underground city. It is an extremely solid,rigid blocks safeguard the resource of vital importance for the future of human kind, the DNA storage for all. It is the last survival chance for the humanity.
4-BUCKMINSTER FULLER'S SPACESHIP EARTH FOR 2050 MISSION In this city, air pollution, heat intensity and toxicity is escalating and an architectural student remembered the pioneering theory by Buckminster Fuller to study about the ecological equilibrium in planetary dimension. 'Buckminster Fuller spaceship earth, which presents the planet Earth as a kind of desperate life raft which Spinning through the solar system filled with enough carbon capture plants to actually stall out warming, or even reverse it, restoring as if by magic the breath-ability of the FIG.25 Spaceship Earth. air between the machines Spaceship Earth, a narrative popularized in the mid-60's, in his context for comprehensive planetary planning that resulted in new strategies intended to enable all of humanity to live with freedom, comfort and dignity, without negatively impacting the earth’s ecosystems or regenerative ability.' The technology and know-how are existed, so that humanity can successfully surmount global challenges.
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5-SENSING CITY
FIG.26 Operator and Processor infrastructure in city
6-WHOEVER'SMAGNIFICIENTANDFABULOUS CITY
? 7-CONTINUOUSDECAYINGCITY
FIG.27 The reverse cycle of the city
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THe apparatus of the sensing city as a means of control and operate at this flat supersurface, containing countless number of operators and processors for the need and sensations which these perceive are transmitted directly to the brain of the individual commanding the specific button The world is rapidly urbanizing, with the United Nations estimating that two-thirds of the global population will live in cities by 2050—2.5 billion new urbanites, by that count. For a century onwards,the fabulous city has seemed like a vision of the future to much of the world, which keeps inventing new scales of ideal metropolitan archetype. In the Anthropocene, humans have become the main agents of change to the Earth system, turning 'useless' nature and 'unformed' mineral into completely formed city, but paradoxically this act of colonizing, processing of environment or person-object into the so-called perfect gesture and prototype is outrageously disturbing the ecologies. So, now can we reverse engineer, start from the flawless desirable model, degrading, decaying back to the state of uselessness as the cycling of resources.
8-MULTI-CONCICAL TERRACED CITY
FIG.28 The multi-conical form
It is a city to question about centralized planning and social hierarchy. There is multiple cone mountain in the city, each of them compete for resources, no one ever care about social climbing or reaching the core, instead they committed to communicate with their counterparts, the acquaintance in the same level, what a harmonized state....
9 VERTICAL MACHINE CITY
FIG.29 The interconnected machinery city
The city is a machine, such a large machine that not even its inhabitants know its size, its pipelines, its rows of gear-mechanisms, conveyor belts, connecting-rods, stretch away out of sight whichever way one looks, in the din half-light, grey and foggy which fills the cavern it occupies, and whose walls have never been seen. The inhabitants live in the machine, endlessly dragged along by gear, by chutes and pneumatic tubes from the time of birth to the time of death. The machine takes care
of everything; along the innumerable routes which intersect, unite and divide according to the incomprehensible programming of the machine. The inhabitants find food and fear, sleep and joy, sex and hope. Very much controlled by the machine, the inhabitants have no idea there is status and social stratification in this huge scale of machine. Our ways of life is getting closer and closer on a global scale, but we are more socially isolated than ever before. Our living zone is full of new technical equipment, and the line between work and family life is no longer clear. The house was once again transformed into a centre of productivity.
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10– THE CITY OF ORDER
The city appeared like typical city with streets, squares, gardens, new houses and old artefacts;like Le Corbusier Plan Voisin or Ludwig Hilberseimer Vertical city it is in fact a city like any other. This is a blueprint for rational urban environment and radical social reform. And this is the order.
The mayor of the 3d city hate everything happens at city of order, he claimed that the people should have their choice and own territory and turf. The 3d printing machine! The biggest factors of energy use in logistic are entirely eliminated in the city, everything from food, accessories, consumptive products can be 3d printed with three basic chemicals. It is certainly the most beautiful city in the world, because all its inhabitants, at every moment of their existence, move towards the single goal of processing the amazing device. The city gives all its citizens the same starting points, that is, it grants every family nucleus a 3d printing cubicle. In fact, the city consists of a network of parallel roads 10m. wide, which form 6 sqm blocks, each of these 36 sqm blocks is occupied by a single family house. You can build, consume, obtain absolutely anything without restriction, without capitalist mass production that left with wastage.
11 – THE CITY OF SPLENDID 3D PRINTING CUBICLE
12-CITY OFTHE DEVICE-ON/OFF CITY The device can controlled the use of left or right brain between your daytime work mode and nightime virtual mode .
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LEFT BRAIN Verbal Analytic Parts,detail Logical, rational Sequential,successive Systematic,directed Linear Rational Propositional Objective Factual Cautious Abstract Symbolic Setting as best working man, disciplined
RIGHT BRAIN Non-Verbal SYnthetic Wholes, big picture Intuitive, creative Random,simultaneous causal Holistic Emotional Imaginative Subjective Visual Adventuresome Sensory,concrete Anonymous, critical, hatred, anti-everything
NARRATIVE DIMENSION Between 1971 and 72, the group inaugurated their representational narrative to the climax with strong presence of architecture-related theme entitled as 12 ideal cities, a non-systematic collection of twelve stories, dystopia of future glance. The ideal cities are like the poetical hypertrophy of modern one, in which their complexity of oppression, contradictions and injustices is dissected and returned in an augmented and dramatically resolved form. Technique like Centralized impulse and technology are the key forces to the narration- the former understood as a rule practice to be applied on large on mass to individual critical issue whereas the latter interpreted as an important element in the implementation. The result is a catalogue of vivid, vigorous collection of antagonistic prose in the form of architecture, interrogative visions of catastrophe. Each story is a complex apparatus, applied a deeply authoritarian, coercive authority and control, exploiting the individual at the expense of the whole, made of desires virtually renewed and altered through a futuristic technology. Technology is the central existence, taking care of the lives of inhabitants, eliminating all sense of dissent. The scenario is critical, harsh, against norm of conformism, social mobility, segregating work, entertainment as a collective outpouring of immorality and fictional condition. The collection here become a critical device to emphasizes the narrative efficacy in demonstrating the continuity, affinity or discrepancy between the critical engagement and the contemporary naturally changed over time, to fill the architectures that is imagined with stories before filling the history of architecture that is merely the act of building.
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Bibliography Branzi, Andrea. “No-Stop City: Archizoom Associati.”H YX(2006):978-2-910385-39-2 Cook, Peter., and Archigram. Archigram. Rev. ed. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1999. Caterina Nirta. "On Time As The Value Of Utopia." Lo Squaderno 13, no. 50 (2018): 19-22. Lueder, Christoph. "Diagram Utopias: Rota and Network as Instrument and Mirror of Utopia and Agronica." Journal of Architectural Education 67, no. 2, 2013, 224-33. Davis, Mike. Planet of Slums. London: Verso, 2006. Fourier, Charles, Jonathan. Beecher, and Richard. Bienvenu. The Utopian Vision : Selected Texts on Work, Love, and Passionate Attraction. London: Jonathan Cape, 1972. GARGIANI R. e LAMPARIELLO B. (2010) – Superstudio, Laterza, Bari. Gian Piero Frassinelli. "Twelve Cautionary Tales for Christmas." Superstudio. Published December 1, 1971. https://issuu.com/kozolec/ docs/12cautionarytalesforchristmas Picon, Antoine.. Learning from utopia: contemporary architecture and the quest for political and social relevance. Journal of Architectural Education 67, no.1:(2013) 17-23. Piper,Michael and Khams, James. “ENDLESS ARCHITECTURE: Accidental Manifestos for the Interior.”MONU #21. "SCENARIOS AND COUNTERSCENARIOS:: Superstudio’s Mediascapes." In Graphic Assembly: Montage, Media, and Experimental Architecture in the 1960s, 241. Minneapolis; London: University of Minnesota Press, 2019. Stephen Chen, “China Takes Surveillance to New Heights with Flock of Robotic Doves, but Do They Come in Peace?” South China Morning Post, June 24, 2018. Tafuri, Manfredo. Architecture and Utopia : Design and Capitalist Development. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1979. 56
List of Images otherwise image produced by author Fig.5 Chiu, Peace. Foreign Domestic Helper. 2019.https://ph.news. yahoo.com/death-filipino-helper-whose-chronic-154045634. html Fig.6 Evelyn, Kwok.The temporary cardboard units appeared on the Central elevated walkways at Exchange Square on a sunday.2013. In Idea Journal (2015):111 Fig.12 Walter, Molino. Fish. 1991. Domenica del Corriere, December 1962. https://www.forbes.com/ sites/carltonreid/2019/03/18/bicycling-take-a-hike-the-micromobility-revolution-will-be-motorized/#680ee28d135d Fig.13 Cook, Peter., and Archigram. Archigram. Rev. ed. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1999. Fig.14Tafuri, Manfredo. Architecture and Utopia : Design and Capitalist Development. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1979. Fig.17/18"SCENARIOS AND COUNTERSCENARIOS:: Superstudio’s Mediascapes." In Graphic Assembly: Montage, Media, and Experimental Architecture in the 1960s, 241. Minneapolis; London: University of Minnesota Press, 2019. Fig.23 Fosco, Lucarelli .Oscar Newman’s Underground City Beneath Manhattan. 2012.http://socks-studio.com/2012/08/18/oscar-newmans-undeground-city-beneath-manhattan/
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Charles Fourier
INTERIORITY
Phalansterie
ECONOMIC LIBERALISM
EBENEZZER HOWARD garden city 1898
CITY MOVEMENT
camillo sitte
Frank Lloyd Wright broadacre city 1932 suburban growth
tony garnier cite industrielle 1904
Advocacy planning jane jacobs
neighbouhood
raumplan ornament& crime
LINEAGE
victor gruen shopping city 1956
Futurism 1914 antonio sant’Elia
EXPO
la citta nuova
CIAM MOBILE
LE CORBUSIER 1922
KEY MOVEMENT
E U G OL I P E
manhattan expressway
adolf loos
SUBURBAN
chicago world fair PERIOD
paul rudolph
NEOCLASSICISM
1931
team 10
bernard
Alison& Peter Simthson
Buckminste
La ville contemporaine Plan voisin la ville radieuse plan obus
Geodesic dome ov
Metabolis
el lissitzky
kenzo tan
cloudprop
Tokyo Bay Proj
walter gropius
Arata iso
chicago tribune tower
Social change as a result of formal changes - single use zoning - spatial model of modernist city - solutions for the universal human Appropriation of utilitarian buildings - ultimate funtionalism -live, work, play, transportation
Cluster in the A
Situationalism guy debord city as framework for experience and individual expression
bauhuas LUDWIG HILBERSEIMER Vertical City 1944 New Regional Pattern mies van der rohe walter gropius
MODERNISM
UTOPIAN/IDEA GENEAOLOGY
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identity of cit
golden lane project
Regional Modernism alvar aalto
d huet
ty
kevin lynch
er Fuller 1960
cognitive mapping
ver Manhattan
nge
ject
MEGASTRUCTURE
ozaki
Air
yona friedman 1958
1960
1962 constant nieuwenhuys new bablyon 1956-1969
EPILOGUE
sm
Experimental Radicals
villa spatiale
MVDRV
archigram ARCHIZOOM no-stop city 1962
cultural centre
1964
plug-in city walking city instant city
superstudio 1969
continuous monument 12 ideal cities
post-structuralism bernard tschumi
CNU
park de la villette
Rationalism aldo rossi
urban artifacts as monuments understand the city than function
denise scott symbol brown robert venturi coli rowe
collage of multiple ‘utopias in single city
REM KOOLHAAS
FAO
park de la villette city of the captive globe Exodus 1982
POSTMODERNISM NEW URBANISM
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