Vol. 63 No. 33 | Thursday, August 17, 2023

HOW FANI WILLIS OVERSAW THE LEGAL CASE AGAINST DONALD TRUMP

By Kate Brumback ASSOCIATED PRESS

Long before the FBI began investigating Donald Trump’s hoarding of classified documents or Attorney General Merrick Garland appointed a special prosecutor to probe the former president, Fani Willis was at work.

Just one month after Trump’s infamous January 2021 phone call to suggest Georgia's secretary of state could overturn his election loss, the Fulton County district attorney announced she was looking into possible illegal “attempts to influence” the results in what has become one of America's premier political battlegrounds. As she built her case, Willis called a parade of high-profile witnesses before a special grand jury, presiding over an investigation that was so public it seemed she would become the first prosecutor in U.S. history to indict a former president.

See WILLIS page 5

MOST BLACK WOMEN VOTERS ARE FINANCIALLY INSECURE

By Antonio Ray Harvey CALIFORNIA BLACK MEDIA

A study released last week by the California Black Women’s Collective Empowerment Institute (CBWCEI) presents a grim picture of the financial stability of Black women voters in the state. A total of 1,258 women participated in the poll used in the study. Their answers give insight into the web of challenges Black women across California confront daily.

The survey conducted by EVITARUS, a Black-owned public opinion research and public policy consulting firm based in Los Angeles, provides an in-depth analysis of Black women’s opinions about state and federal elected officials. It also reveals CBWCEI’s top policy priorities for enhancing the well-being of women and girls in California.

Top among the issues Black women face are racial discrimination, lack of opportunities for career advancement, adverse mental and physical health conditions, pay inequity, and parenting challenges among other serious issues.

EVITARUS Managing Partner Shakari Byerly served as the principal investigator and lead researcher on the study. She said the survey reveals the financial and economic burdens that Black women confront as they contribute to their families, communities and the state. Griffin, Byerly, Assemblymember Lori D. Wilson (D-Suisun City), and Dr. Thomas A. Parham, President, California State University Dominguez Hills held a virtual media briefing on Aug. 8 to discuss the study’s results.

See INSECURE page 5

RENEWED CALLS FOR JUSTICE THOMAS’ RESIGNATION HIP HOP AND JUSTICE

By Stacy M. Brown NNPA NEWSWIRE SENIOR NATIONAL CORRESPONDENT

In what activist Sherrilyn Ifill called a crisis in which everyone needs to start treating it as such, more stunning revelations have surfaced over lavish gifts accepted and not previously disclosed by Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas. Now, Democratic lawmakers are taking to social media to demand Thomas step down.

The calls for his resignation come after another shocking investigative report by ProPublica. The exposé, released on Thursday, Aug. 10, delves into undisclosed luxury vacations and gifts Thomas received from affluent individuals. The revelation has again ignited a firestorm of outrage and ethical concerns.

“Justice Thomas has brought shame upon himself and the United States Supreme Court with his acceptance of massive, repeated, and undisclosed gifts,” Rep. Ted Lieu (D-Calif.) tweeted on the social media platform now known as X. “No government official, elected or unelected, could ethically or legally accept gifts of that scale. He should resign immediately.”

The damning ProPublica report exposed that Justice Thomas received a minimum of 38 destination vacations, 26 private jet flights, numerous VIP passes to sporting events, and two lavish resort stays, all financed by billionaire backers, during his tenure on the bench. The report argued that Justice Thomas may have violated legal requirements by failing to disclose these extravagant travels and luxury engagements.

See THOMAS page 5

By Aaron Morrison AP NATIONAL WRITER

Hip-hop has been an integral part of social and racial justice movements. It’s also been scrutinized by law enforcement and political groups because of their belief that hip-hop and its artists’ encourage violent criminality.

Because it can threaten the concentration of power, certain forces have demonized the culture, said Willie “Prophet” Stiggers, co-founder and chair of the Black Music Action Coalition, a group of artists, lawyers, managers and producers unified against systemic racism in the music industry and in society.

See HIP HOP page 5

Asm. Lori D. Wilson (D-Suisun City) said the results of the study conducted by EVITARUS for the California Black Women's Collective Empowerment Institute indicate that the State Legislature must do more for Black women.

PHOTO: Robert Maryland/CBM

PHOTO: NNPA

"Got to give us what we want / Gotta give us what we need / Our freedom of speech is freedom or death / We got to fight the powers that be!" – PUBLIC ENEMY, "FIGHT THE

PHOTO: Stacy Zaferes/AP

What would you like the power to do?®

The 2024 Election, President Biden and the Black Vote

By Dr. John E. Warren Publisher, The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint

It appears that as we draw closer to the 2024 Presidential Primaries, a number of Democrats are starting to talk about replacing Joe Biden and denying him a second term. The focus is around his ratings in the polls, his age, and false allegations that the country is worse off than before he was elected.

Oh, how soon we forget. But even more important, we should not forget who made Biden president. It was the Black vote that put Biden in the White House.

As a result of that vote, America has experienced unprecedented recovery economically, in healthcare, and employment and in its international status.

But now comes an election and a growing parade of Democrats now complaining about the age and support for the man who has done more for America in the last three years, than any. However, Biden has not done all he could have done for the very Black people who put him in office. He has not gone to the mat in the fight against the Filibuster in the Senate on the fight for Voting Rights legislation or the George Floyd Act.

Now there are questions as to whether the Black vote will be motivated to come out again for Joe Biden; There is the announcement of Professor Cornel West’s intent to run on a Libertarian slate. Hopefully this will not steal African American votes just because he is African American. But the loss of the Black vote could open the door for a Republican return to the White House, whether or not Trump is the candidate.

Now is the time to get involved in preparation for the 2024 election. Now is the time to guard against wasting support on people who want to run for President with no program or agenda to continue or replace what President Biden has done or could still get done in a Second Term. The President is not too old to continue to serve. As a matter of fact, his experience is needed now more than ever before with the sea of “wannabees” with no preparation circling the White House.

Let’s not be fooled with polls and the attacks on his age. Rather, let’s focus on what we want him to do in his Second Term that he didn’t complete in the first. Something to think about.

CAN Anyone Get a Chance With Second Chance?

Dear Editor,

I received a call this week from a former coworker when I interned at Second Chance, 6145 Imperial Ave San Diego CA 92114. They were distracted with the lack of common courtesy not being shown to them, especially given that some of them with Master Degrees were overlooked for a coworker who came through the program and became a receptionist to now becoming a Case Manager.

The injustice to passover people that have Masters Degrees and more experience begs the questions: What is going on with the contracts and state funding that the organization receives? How can someone barely knowledgeable become a case manager?

Second Chance has a high turnover for this very reason. They continue to promote internal employees that are underqualified for their positions and it’s the community members that suffer.

I interned there in 2022 and have kept in contact with some past interns that got hired and some staffers that have left the organization. Second Chance needs an audit so that donors know that

their hard earned money is doing what it’s supposed to do for staff and the clients.

I am turning to you, Dr.Warren, because I have heard such wonderful things about you and the paper. I don’t want to throw any of my former co-workers under the bus, but, since I left I feel comfortable to turn to you and your staff to ask questions.

I truly believe in internal promotions when there is a match with experience, degress, and lived experience, but to promote to save the cost of paying the more than qualified staffer needs attention from everyone in San Diego. I understand that many in the Executive positions turn a blind eye to harassment and the racial tension that I felt when I was there.

Thank you, Dr.Warren, for allowing me to bring this to your attention. I sent this message through my contact and I appreciate being allowed to sign it, “Former Intern disgusted by Second Chance not giving a chance”.

Sincerely,

Intern 2022

Stop Saying ‘I Am Not My Ancestors’

By Liz Courquet-Lesaulnier

In the aftermath of the Alabama Brawl, Black America has had a lighthearted few days. Folks have been playing the Crime Mob classic “Knuck If You Buck,” making fun of Jason Aldean’s “Try That in a Small Town,” finding out that the man who invented the folding chair — Nathaniel Alexander — is Black, and celebrating 16-year-old “Aquamayne,” the teen who swam to the rescue.

The minute you saw those brothas SKIPPING along the dock toward the altercation, you already knew those white guys were going to be getting to the “find out” part of life with a quickness.

We definitely know how to channel our trauma into comedy like no one else. By telling jokes about what happened in Montgomery, staging reenactments, laughing about how folding chairs are going to be sold out on Amazon, we process our pain — because we know what would have happened if those Black men had not come to that brotha’s rescue. He may not even be alive today.

But at the same time, I fell out laughing over the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial in Washington, D.C., being digitally altered to feature Dr. King clutching a folding chair, I found myself giving a sideeye to another byproduct of the Montgomery Mollywop: The “I am not my ancestors” T-shirts.

I want to assume the best of the creators of these T-shirts. I want to believe that what they mean is that they’re celebrating that we are no longer enslaved people subjected to the brutality of planta -

tions. Maybe they’re grateful we no longer exist under the yoke of Jim Crow with its “whites only” drinking fountains and lunch counters, and they’re glad it’s not a lynchable offense for us to defend ourselves. (At least, not officially, right?)

Make no mistake, our ancestors did fight back, from Day One, and to even hint that they didn’t plays into white supremacist-based beliefs and attitudes.

Seriously, have these T-shirt makers never heard of Nat Turner? Granted, even before Florida’s most recent “anti-woke” efforts, Black history hasn’t exactly been taught well in the nation’s public schools. But at the very least, most of us learned about the 1831 slave rebellion in Southampton, Virginia, that resulted in as many as 65 white people being killed.

As National Geographic wrote about the ongoing push for freedom: “Enslaved people didn’t just engage in passive resis -

tance against slaveholders—they planned and participated in armed revolts. Between the 17th and 19th centuries, enslaved Africans and African Americans in British North America and the United States staged hundreds of revolts.”

Need a post-Emancipation example?

I grew up in Chicagoland, and no public school I ever attended taught me about the 1919 Race Riot, which took place from June 27 – Aug. 3. The story goes that the riot began after a white mob murdered 17-year-old Eugene Williams, a teen who floated on a raft across an invisible line in Lake Michigan to the so-called white side of the beach.

No one wins when 23 Black folks and 15 white folks end up dead, when hundreds of people are injured, and thousands of homes are destroyed, as was the case in Chicago. But again, our ancestors were not standing around passively, letting mobs of white folks

beat on them.

Black folks have a long history of fighting back in this country against racism, period.

We can only hope to be our ancestors, to have the courage they showed in moments of sheer racial terror and violence. We are the descendants of people who fought tooth and nail for freedom, whose blood soaked the soil of these United States.

Their bravery is why “Aquamayne” had the ability to jump in the water in Montgomery and swim to the aid of that dockworker. I certainly would hope it’s in our DNA to protect and defend each other from racial violence.

So don’t get it twisted. We are only free because of the resistance of our ancestors. That “I am not my ancestors” T-shirt? Y’all can keep that.

Gerri Warren

Dr. John E. Warren Latanya

Southcrest Park's Renaming Continues To Move Forward

of Dwayne Hill

On Tuesday, August 8, 2023, the Southcrest Park Advisory Board members unanimously voted to rename the Southcrest Park baseball field to Shelley Curtis White's baseball field.

Ray McDavid said before the vote began, "Once the baseball field has Shelley Curtis White's name, people will come from all around, and the community will benefit.” McDavid grew up playing little league baseball at Southcrest Park baseball field before becoming an American League professional baseball outfielder for the San Diego Padres at 18 years old.

"It would be good to have Mr. Shelley Curtis White's name on Southcrest Park Baseball Field because next season we [Southeastern Little League] will be hosting the Little League

All-Star games at Southcrest Park Baseball Field and with Mr. White's name on the ballfield will be all the better." James Trowsdell said about the field renaming. Since 1990, Trowsdell has been a coach, president, and now the chairperson for the Southeast Little League youth baseball program.

Area District Manager Carlos Rios shared with the community recreation group how he and Deputy Director Ms. Gina Dulay have agreed to provide the new renaming Shelley Curtis White sign and plaque with umpire Shelley's bio free of charge at the City of San Diego Park and Recreation’s expense.

The next Park and Recreation Board calendared meeting will occur on Thursday, September 21, 2023. Hopefully, Shelley Curtis White's baseball field at Southcrest Park will be finalized at that time. Stay tuned!

Family and friends of the United Karate Federation (UKF) were invited to attend a very special day of appreciation and gratitude on the second Saturday of August.

At the UKF building in La Mesa, the legendary Karate instructor Grand Master Orned “Chicken” Gabriel hosted a day of recognition for the people who have supported him in his life's journey.

"I felt a strong need to acknowledge some very special people who have stuck by me, especially through my recent health challenges." Chicken shared. "I wanted people to know how much they mean to me. It's just a small token of my appreciation, you know? I wish I could do more if I could."

Some of the students of UKF were also in the building receiving recognition certificates for their hard work and outstanding achievements in the martial arts.

"Our mission is to speak for the voiceless that can't speak for themselves and defend those who can not defend themselves," Mr. Chicken shared.

Southcrest Park Advisory Board members

PHOTO: Courtesy of Dwayne Hill

Courtesy

By Darrel Wheeler, Contributing Writer

Continued from cover

The indictment that Willis [brought] this week could be the most sprawling case against Trump in response to his desperate efforts to remain in power after he lost to Democrat Joe Biden. And some legal experts say it could be one of the more potent cases against Trump.

“I think people are going to be surprised at the level of preparedness and the level of sophistication of the prosecution,” said Clint Rucker, who was a prosecutor in Fulton County for more than 25 years before leaving in 2021. Willis has long declined to comment on Trump's insults. But with his campaign running a vicious attack ad last week, she emailed her staff to warn that it included "derogatory and false information" about her and instructed them not to react publicly.

“We have no personal feelings against those we investigate or prosecute and we should not express any. This is business, it will never be personal,” she wrote.

Willis has led plenty of prominent prosecutions, but nothing that compares to indicting a former president, particularly one who

INSECURE:

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“This type of project is exactly why the California Legislative Black Caucus (CLBC) pushed to have the California Black Women think tank funded through the legislature,” said Wilson, who chairs the CLBC. “California Black Women’s Collective Empowerment Institute received $5 million in funding from Gov. (Gavin) Newsom to launch this firstever think tank to focus on Black women in California.”

Titled “The California Black Women Voters’ Quality of Life Survey,” the 26-slide PowerPoint presentation makes public the opinions of Black women who took the survey between May 24 and June 6. The results reflect political

THOMAS:

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ProPublica reported that Thomas, typically “perched in the skybox at sporting events, had at least two stays at luxury resorts in Florida and Jamaica; and one standing invitation to an uber-exclusive golf club overlooking the Atlantic coast.”

“This accounting of Thomas’ travel, revealed an array of previously unavailable information, the fullest to date of the generosity that has regularly afforded Thomas a lifestyle far beyond what his income could provide,” the report asserted.

ProPublica continued, “While some of the hospitality, such as stays in personal homes, may not have required disclosure, Thomas appears to have violated the law by failing to disclose flights, yacht cruises, and expensive sports tickets, according to ethics experts.”

Politico noted that at least four other House Democrats also called for Thomas’ resignation, including Reps. Pramila Jayapal (D-Wash.), Bill Pascrell (D-N.J), Gerry Connolly (D-Va.), and Hank Johnson (D-Ga.).

Democrats in the Senate have attempted to push legislation that would reform the Supreme Court’s ethical guidelines to increase transpar-

HIP HOP:

Continued from cover

“Of course they want to weaponize it,” Stiggers said. “The narrative can’t be that this genius cultural expression, that is the greatest cultural force that we have globally, grew out of a disenfranchised people.”

Many trace hip-hop’s birth to a back-to-school party at a Bronx apartment building 50 years ago this month. And since its birth, emceeing, beatboxing, deejaying, and graffiti have done much more than entertain legions of fans around the world and generate billions of dollars in commerce — hip-hop’s four elements carry the spirit of resistance and free expression as a comfort to the afflicted and affliction to those who are too comfortable.

Social and religious conservatives of all stripes have long seen hip-hop as a threat to traditional values, peace and order — but their

fights his perceived enemies with the intensity of Trump. She [used] Georgia’s Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations, or RICO, law to charge not only the former president but also a collection of his allies for alleged participation in a wide-ranging conspiracy.

Some people who end up facing charges may challenge the indictment based on the fact that they were compelled to testify before the special grand jury in an investigation in which they ended up being a target. In Georgia and in the federal system, a grand jury that indicts people cannot force the testimony of a target. But the special grand jury was an investigative tool and lacked the power to indict.

Willis spent most of her career as an assistant district attorney in Fulton County and is known by both her colleagues and defense attorneys to be a tremendously talented litigator with a gift for connecting with juries. A few years after leaving that office, she returned as its leader in January 2021 after winning a bitter Democratic primary fight to oust her predecessor and former mentor.

Now a divorced mother of two grown daughters, Willis was raised mostly in Washington by her father, a defense attorney who she has said was a Black Panther. She graduated from Howard University and from Emory

party, age, profession, income, and geographical and other demographic information about the participants. Byerly said EVITARUS had “good coverage” in terms of selecting women who were eligible and active voters. Eighty percent of the women who took the poll voted in the November 2022 General Election.

“We have a probability-based model used for who might be identified as Black, but then we also had a pool of the general voting public who were allowed to participate,” Byerly said.

“We did a screen to determine whether they identified as Black and also as a woman, either they were cisgender or transgender.”

Approximately 40% of those polled stated that systematic racism and discrimination have hampered their income and earning abilities, which sheds a light on the structural inequal-

ency. That bill passed committee but is unlikely to get through a full Senate.

“This is a shameless lifestyle underwritten for years by a gaggle of fawning billionaires,” Senate Judiciary Chair Dick Durbin wrote on X in response to the report.

Perhaps even more significant, the pattern exposes consistent violations of judicial norms, experts, including seven current and former federal judges appointed by both parties, told ProPublica. The new report said the New York Times also noted revelations about wealthy business people Thomas met through the Horatio Alger Association, an exclusive nonprofit. Among them were David Sokol, a former top executive at Berkshire Hathaway, and H. Wayne Huizenga, a billionaire who turned Blockbuster and Waste Management into national goliaths.

ProPublica pointed out that The Times reported that Thomas gives access to the Supreme Court building for Horatio Alger events. Such access costs at least $1,500 in donations per person.

According to ProPublica, Thomas once complained that he sacrificed wealth to sit on the court. “The job is not worth doing for what they pay,” he told the bar association in Savannah, Georgia, in 2001, “but it is worth doing for the principle.”

attempts at stifling the culture have only propelled it to worldwide acclaim and grown its influence over public debates and democracy.

However, racial justice activists and free speech advocates see the ongoing persecution of rappers as a proxy war primarily waged against Black and Latino men who are the early pioneers of the culture. And for hip-hop artists who live under repressive regimes throughout the world, “dropping bars” to air one's grievances against the government can mean time behind bars or worse.

A study by University of Georgia law professor Andrea Dennis, who co-authored the 2019 book “Rap on Trial: Race, Lyrics and Guilt in America,” found roughly 500 criminal trial cases dating to the late 1980s in which rap lyrics were successfully used as evidence. Dennis and other advocates believe the cases, brought against mostly Black defendants, have led to unjust incarceration.

See HIP HOP page 16

University School of Law four years later, choosing to stay on in Atlanta to practice law.

“She’s really a tough-on-crime liberal, which is kind of a rare bird these days, but I think that's her brand,” said Georgia State University law professor Anthony Michael Kreis.

Some critics say she overuses gang and RICO laws, unnecessarily complicating cases that could otherwise be tried in less time with fewer resources, just to get the enhanced penalties those statutes carry.

Trump has recently called Atlanta a “crime-ridden” city where “people are afraid to walk outside.” While it’s true that Atlanta, like most other major cities, saw a spike in violent crime in recent years, those levels have improved significantly. As of Aug. 5, homicides were down 25%, rapes had dropped by 56% and aggravated assaults had decreased by 22% compared with the same time last year, according to Atlanta police data.

Willis has said she likes the RICO statute because it allows prosecutors to paint a more complete picture of the alleged illegal activity.

Her most prominent case as an assistant district attorney was a RICO prosecution against a group of Atlanta public school educators

ities faced by Black women, according to the survey. Not having enough cash saved for retirement (77%), maintaining or achieving financial stability (76%) and being unable to make ends meet (70%) were among primary concerns.

Nearly two-thirds of Black women reported having difficulty coping with stress, reflecting the emotional toll of navigating social and economic pressures. The study found that nearly 2 in 5 Black women work multiple jobs yet still struggle to meet basic expenses. The researchers say this is due to inflation and the rising cost of living in California. Among Black women who are employed, two-thirds are the primary breadwinners in their households.

accused in a scheme to inflate students’ standardized test scores. After a seven-month trial, a jury in April 2015 convicted 11 of them on the racketeering charge.

Since becoming district attorney, she has brought several RICO cases, some against well-known rappers. The first of those cases to go to trial has been tied up in jury selection since January and is expected to last six to nine months once testimony gets underway.

Gerald Griggs, president of the Georgia NAACP and an Atlanta defense attorney who represented an educator in the test cheating case, said he doesn’t always agree with Willis’ use of the RICO law but does think it’s appropriate “if there was a scheme to interfere in the election and numerous actors were involved.”

While she’s likely to let her hand-picked group of prosecutors handle the trial, there’s no question she’s calling the shots, Rucker said. With a case of this magnitude, she would have required those on her team to gather and digest an enormous amount of information and would have grilled them to make sure there were no holes, he said.

“When she says stuff like, ‘We’re ready to go,’ that’s not being braggadocious,” Rucker said. “It’s her saying pretty much to anybody who’s interested, ‘Look, we’re ready.’”

Assembly Bill (AB) 179, which was championed by Wilson, paved the way for the creation of CBWCEI, a non-profit “think tank” focused on improving structures and practices that impact the lives of Black women and girls across the state.

Gov. Gavin Newsom signed a trailer budget legislation in September 2022 allowing the think tank to receive $5 million from the state to conduct such studies. The think tank is housed at California State University at Dominguez Hills.

CBWCEI also serves as a resource for lawmakers, elected officials, business leaders, and advocacy organizations. The poll on Black women voters is the first public project of the think tank.

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California Black Media Political Playback

Your roundup of stories you might have missed last week

Joe W. Bowers Jr. and Edward Henderson California Black Media

Black Voters’ Are Concerned About the Quality of K-12 Education in California

Last week, the Black in School Coalition released the results of its comprehensive survey titled “California Black Voters Perspectives on the Quality of Education for Black Students.”

The coalition commissioned this statewide survey of 1,200 Black voters for the third consecutive year to assess their viewpoints on education funding, school performance, and the biggest challenges facing Black students today.

The Black in School Coalition is a statewide organization that works to improve academic and social outcomes for Black students in California.

The data gathered from the poll is intended to offer policymakers, educators, and other relevant stakeholders insights into the education related concerns of Black voters. These insights can be used to help them develop more effective policies and programs to improve the quality of education that Black students receive.

money based on student performance would improve education for Black students.

79% of respondents support a legislative proposal to change the way that LCFF is funded by creating a new grant for California's lowest performing subgroups, including Black students. 50% of respondents do not think that schools in their area are providing quality education for Black students. This finding suggests that Black students are not receiving the same quality of education as their White peers.

Clarence Avant, “The Black Godfather,” Dies at 9 2 in Los Angeles

Clarence Avant, known for his exceptional ability as a “kingmaker” and deal closer in power circles from Hollywood to Washington died at his home in Los Angeles on Sunday.

Avant, born in Greensboro, N.C., was 92.

“Through his revolutionary business leadership, Clarence became affectionately known as ‘The Black Godfather’ in the worlds of music, entertainment, politics, and sports,” read a statement released by his children Alex and Nicole Avant and his son-in-law Ted Sarandos.

“Clarence leaves behind a loving family and a sea of friends and

associates that have changed the world and will continue to change the world for generations to come. The joy of his legacy eases the sorrow of our loss,” the statement continued.

In December of 2021, Avant’s wife, Jacqueline Avant, was shot during a home invasion at the family’s Beverly Hills mansion.

A close friend of Quincy Jones, Avant’s influence impacted the careers of a many celebrities and politicians, including former Presidents Bill Clinton and Barack Obama; Michael Jackson; Jimmy Jam; Snoop Dogg; Terry Lewis; Whitney Houston; Jay-Z, among others.

MARK RIDLEY-THOMAS’ ATTORNEYS: “No Need to Incarcerate”

Gov. Newsom is doing enough to improve educational outcomes for Black students.

All of these findings suggest that Black voters in California are deeply concerned about the state of education for Black students.

Dr. Margaret Fortune, President and CEO of Fortune School of Education said during the release of the poll, “I think that the point of this work is to improve the academic performance of all of our students including those that are the lowest performers.”

On Aug. 7, prosecutors asked a federal judge to sentence former Los Angeles City Councilmember Mark Ridley-Thomas to six years in prison. Ridley-Thomas was convicted on federal corruption charges in March.

In a memo, prosecutors stated that Ridley-Thomas “made his self-interested demands known” to a University of Southern California (USC) dean and sought favors from the university for his son in exchange for county business.

ance featuring no time in prison and a period of probation with home confinement, community service and a monetary penalty. “There is no need to incarcerate Dr. Ridley-Thomas to protect the community,” his lawyers wrote in the memo. “The shame of his convictions is punishment and provides ample specific deterrence.”

Currently, 70% of Black students are not meeting English language arts standards and 84% are not meeting math standards. The survey found that 84% of Black voters want education funding to target the lowest performing schools. Additionally, 71% of Black voters believe that allocating additional

93% of respondents think that chronic absenteeism is an urgent problem. This is a major issue for Black students because it can have a devastating impact on their academic achievement. 48% of Black voters disagree that the California legislature is working hard to improve education for Black students.

Only 27% of respondents agree that

Brian Rivas with The Education Trust-West and a Black in School Coalition member said in the Coalition’s press release, “Almost half of those surveyed do not believe the California Legislature is working hard to improve education for Black students, and that is a problem. We must do better.”

Gene Hale Foundation Donates

In response to the prosecutor’s memo, Ridley-Thomas' attorneys asked the judge to consider a range of 21 to 27 months in prison. They also requested a downward vari -

U.S. District Judge Dale Fischer is scheduled to hand down her sentence Aug. 21. It is uncertain how Judge Fischer will rule in the case, however, former USC dean Marilyn Flynn, who was charged along with Ridley-Thomas received a threeyear probation sentence.

California Officials Travel to Kenya to Get Insights on Universal Basic Income

Los Angeles County Supervisor Holly Mitchell and state Assemblymember Matt Haney (D-San Francisco) recently traveled to Kenya to study a universal income program the country utilizes to support one of its most impoverished regions. The goal is to see if a similar program could benefit California residents as well.

In the towns of Kisumu County, Kenya that they visited, residents have received $25 a month for the past five years as part of the world’s largest guaranteed income project. Give Directly, the non-profit funding the $30M initiative, disburses millions of dollars to 20,000 individuals residing in 295 villages across the Western and Rift Valley regions of Kenya.

While a similar program in California would look vastly different due to the wide-ranging incomes

found in the state, Mitchell and Haney were inspired by aspects of the project. The mobile money distribution system that villagers use allows individuals to receive cash transfers via mobile phone apps without being connected to a bank.

“Cash performs better than some of the other critical services that we in government prioritize,” Mitchell told the LA Times. “We create this cliff effect: if people do what we ask them to do like go to school or get a raise, then we drop them from the social safety net. My dream is for us to rethink the way we administer these programs and create a culture shift and cut some of the red tape.”

Existing programs in California are limited and in early development stages but have been met with support from the Legislature.

to Support College-Bound Los Angeles County Students

PHOTO: Shutterstock/Courtesy of CBM

PHOTO: Crystal Hale and Gene Hale are holding the check in the center. Scholars L-R behind the check – Leah Sheffield, Hendra Benson, Hunter Langley, Jovon Reed-Brown, Chris Kariuki, Apriltroy Coleman, Heaven Watson, M'Kayla Weatherspoon, Neena Harris, and Aammarah Gage. (Courtesy photo)

$25,000

Last week, the Gene Hale Foundation, a non-profit based in Los Angeles County, donated $25,000 to the Greater Los Angeles African American Chamber of Commerce (GLAAACC) Education Scholar-

ship Foundation to support a program designed to assist collegebound students.

The recipients of these scholarships are students all from Los

Angeles-area high schools, including Susan Miller Dorsey High School, Crenshaw High School, Washington Prep High School, Jordan High School and Hamilton High School.

Hale and his wife, Crystal Hale, are dedicated philanthropists who support numerous charitable causes.

Hale is currently chair of the Great-

93%

respondents think that chronic absenteeism is an urgent problem.

Postcards Mailed for Chula Vista Special Election November 7th

By Tracy DeFore County of San Diego Communications Office

Nearly 170,000 postcards are on their way to registered voters in the City of Chula Vista listing their voting options for the November 7th special election.

Voters will cast ballots on who should fill the vacant seat for City Attorney. The person elected will serve the remainder of the current term ending in December 2026. Only those who live in the City of Chula Vista can vote in the election.

Registered voters in the City of Chula Vista will receive a ballot in the mail the week of October

8th. The official ballot packet will also include an “I Voted” sticker, voting instructions and other important election information.

Early voting begins Monday, October 9th, at the Registrar of Voters office in Kearny Mesa. Hours run from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through Friday. However, the Registrar encourages voters to take advantage of the convenience of voting by mail.

You can vote at home and return your voted ballot through the mail – no postage needed – or to any of the Registrar’s official ballot drop boxes around the city starting Tuesday, October 10th through the final day of voting on Tuesday, November 7th.

Updates From Mayor Gloria’s Office

Mayor Gloria, Housing Commission Announce Opening of New Family Shelter

Continuing efforts to address the homelessness crisis with a diverse array of shelters and services, Mayor Todd Gloria and the San Diego Housing Commission (SDHC) Friday announced the opening of a new shelter for families. The first families to reside at the new shelter – a former motel in Barrio Logan – will relocate from the Golden Hall Bridge Shelter. The shelter program will operate 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Residents will receive supportive services such as case management and help to locate permanent or longer-term housing, childcare and employment. The program will also provide basic services, such as three meals per day, private restrooms, laundry facilities, telephone access, messaging services and mail services.

SDHC is contracting with Alpha Project to operate the Family Shelter program while the City’s Homelessness Strategies and Solutions Department administers the site lease. Approximately $2.5 million, consisting of a combination of the City General Fund and Community Development Block Grant funds, will support shelter operations.

Mayor Gloria Issues Statement on Plans to Enhance Enforcement of Illegal Sidewalk Vending

Mayor Todd Gloria recently convened a meeting with the Gaslamp Quarter Association and other business stakeholders to lay out the City’s plan of action to tighten the Sidewalk Vending Ordinance and strengthen enforcement. The Mayor issued the following statement after the meeting:

“We will not allow the brazen disregard of our City’s Sidewalk Vending Ordinance. As part of today’s meeting, I shared our plan of action for increased enforcement of the regulations, which will now include immediate impoundment of illegal food vendors’ equipment.”

Amendments to the Sidewalk Vending Ordinance that will provide clarity around enforcement is forthcoming.

Remember to sign and date your ballot return envelope. You must sign the envelope for your vote to count. Voters who return their ballot through the U.S. Postal Service can track it by signing up for “Where’s My Ballot?”.

If you want to vote in person and avoid long lines, three vote centers will also offer early voting starting on Saturday, October 28th. The vote centers will be open daily from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. until the final day of voting on Tuesday, November 7th, when six vote centers will open

Homage to California’s Indigenous People

By Edward Henderson California Black Media

Last week, the world celebrated Indigenous People’s Day. In 1994, the United Nations designated Aug. 9, as an annual commemoration of the world’s indigenous people as a way to heighten awareness about challenges faced by Native communities worldwide and to inspire global leaders to protect their rights.

According to the 2020 census, California is home to 110 federally recognized Native American tribes and more than 630,000 people who identify as indigenous or of indigenous descent. This makes California home to the largest indigenous population in the United States.

“It’s important that people who live here in California know the history behind the lands they are staying on,” Kascia Samel, a librarian at the American Indian Resource Center (AIRC) told California Black Media. “The indigenous people are still here fighting for recognition whether it’s to seek more help for the community or to address past histories.”

According to information provided by the AIRC of the LA County Library, the indigenous population in California was 500,000 in 1770. Tragically, the impact of European diseases, reduced this number to between 150,000 – 300,000 by 1849.

In 1851, U.S. Congress negotiated 18 treaties with indigenous Californians that would have left them 7.5 million acres of the state’s total of 100 million acres. Despite this, then Gov. Peter Burnett in his annual address to California state lawmakers stated, “The war of extermination will continue to be waged between the two races until the Indian race becomes extinct must be expected.” The following year, U.S. senators lobbied the Senate to not approve the treaties and settlers drove them from the lands that should have been theirs.

According to the Library of Congress, before the arrival of Europeans to California in the 1500s, the state’s native peoples were dispersed across the state and isolated from each other by language, tribal differences and geology. There were as many as 135 dialects among several tribes that included the the Karok, Maidu, Cahuilleno, Mojave, Yokuts, Pomo, Paiute, and Modoc.

Today, California tribes own about 7% of their unratified treaty territory. While injustices still persevere, progress has been made culturally for indigenous communities. U.S. Secretary of the Interior Deb Haaland is a prime illustration of how Indigenous people have shattered barriers and ascended to the highest echelons of America’s social, economic and political structures.

Assemblymember James Ramos (D-San Bernardino) achieved a historic milestone in California by becoming the first Native American elected to the California Legislature in 2018. Furthermore, through executive order N-15-19, the state has mandated the release of an annual report to update Gov. Gavin Newsom and the state on the status of the indigenous community so progress can be toward rectifying injustices of the past. See INDIGENOUS page 16

• Professional writing experience required.

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Santa Ynez Chumash Inter-Tribal Pow Wow, Live Oak Campground, Santa Barbara, CA 2019

PHOTO: CBM

Niger’s Junta Gains Upper Hand Over Group Threatening Military Force

By Sam Mednick Associated Press

One week after a deadline passed for mutinous soldiers in Niger to reinstate the country's ousted president or face military intervention, the junta has not acquiesced. No military action has been taken and the coup leaders appear to have gained the upper hand over the regional group that issued the threat, analysts say.

The West African bloc ECOWAS had given the soldiers that overthrew Niger's democratically elected President Mohamed Bazoum until last Sunday to release and reinstate him or they threatened military action. On Thursday, the bloc ordered the deployment of a "standby" force to restore constitutional rule in Niger, with Nigeria, Benin, Senegal and Ivory Coast saying they would contribute troops.

But it's unclear when, how or if the troops will deploy. The move could take weeks or months to set into motion, and while the bloc decides what to do the junta is gaining power, some observers say.

"It looks as though the putschists have won and will stay ... The putschists are holding all the cards and have cemented their rule," said Ulf Laessing, head of the Sahel program at the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, a think tank.

ECOWAS is unlikely to intervene militarily and risk dragging Niger into civil war, he said, adding that ECOWAS and Western countries would instead likely press the junta to agree to a short transition period.

Europe and the United States will have little choice but to recognize the junta in order to continue the security cooperation in the region, Laessing said.

The July 26 coup is seen as a major blow to many Western nations, which viewed Niger as one of its last partners in the conflict-riddled Sahel region south of the Sahara Desert

that they could work with to beat back a growing jihadi insurgency linked to al-Qaida and the Islamic State group. The U.S. and France have more than 2,500 military personnel in the region and together with other European countries have invested hundreds of millions of dollars in military assistance and training Niger's forces.

There was still little clarity about what would happen days after ECOWAS announced the "standby" force deployment.

A meeting of the region's defense chiefs was postponed indefinitely. The African Union is expected to hold a meeting on Monday to discuss Niger's crisis. The group's Peace and Security Council could overrule the decision if it felt that wider peace and security on the continent were threatened by an intervention.

The delay of the defense chiefs' meeting to discuss the "standby" force shows that ECOWAS views the use of force as a last resort, said Nate Allen, an associate professor at the Africa Center for Strategic Studies.

"Given the likely challenges an intervention would face, (the use of force would) require a high degree of consensus and coordination not just within ECOWAS, but within the African Union and international community writ large," he said.

But those with ties to the junta say they are preparing for a fight, especially since the soldiers are unwilling to negotiate unless ECOWAS acknowledges its leader, Gen. Abdourahmane Tchiani, who overthrew the president, as the new ruler.

"ECOWAS is demanding that (the junta) immediately release President Bazoum and restore him as head of state. Is this a joke?" said Insa Garba Saidou, a local activist who assists Niger's new military rulers with their communications and says he is in direct contact with them. "Whether Bazoum resigns or not, he will never be Niger's president again."

As time drags on, there is mounting concern for the safety of Bazoum, who has been under house arrest with his wife and son since the coup. Those close to him say his situation is deteriorating with no water, electricity and a lack of food. Niger's junta told a top U.S. diplomat that they would kill the deposed president if neighboring countries attempted any military intervention to restore his rule, two Western officials told The Associated Press. Most Nigeriens are trying to go about their lives as the standoff continues between the coup leaders and regional countries.

For the most part, the streets in the capital, Niamey, are calm with sporadic pockets of pro-junta demonstrations. Any pro-Bazoum demonstrations are quickly silenced by security forces.

On Sunday people marched, biked and drove through downtown Niamey, chanting "down with France" and expressing anger at ECOWAS.

"Niger is in a deplorable situation. We are very happy there was a coup d'etat. Now everyone can go into the streets without a problem ... (but) if ECWOAS allows people to attack Niger, it will cross a red line," said resident Saidou Issaka.

On Friday hundreds of people, many waving Russian flags, marched toward France's military base demanding the French leave. Mercenaries from the Russian-linked Wagner group already operate in a handful of other African countries and are accused of committing human rights abuses. Earlier this month during a trip to neighboring Mali, which is also run by a military regime and cooperates with Wagner, the junta reportedly asked the mercenaries for help.

Boubacar Adamou, a tailor in the capital, said he had made at least 50 Russian flags in the weeks since the coup.

But many Nigeriens don't have time for protests and are more focused on feeding their families.

The country of some 25 million people is one of the poorest in the world and the harsh travel and economic sanctions imposed by ECOWAS are taking a toll.

Aid groups that were already grappling with the challenges of helping more than 4 million people in need of humanitarian assistance say the crisis will exacerbate an already dire situation.

Frederick Douglass Statue Unveiled in Belfast

By Lisa Vives Global Information Network

A statue of anti-slavery campaigner Frederick Douglass is now on display in Belfast city center - “amongst the people he loved.”

Douglass gave around 50 speeches in his time in Ireland and could speak for up to two hours without notes.

Professor Christine Kinealy, director of Ireland’s Great Hunger Institute at Quinnipiac in Connecticut, said the statue was a homecoming for Douglass, who often expressed his love for the city.

Rioting Breaks Out at Eritrean Festival, Hundreds Detained

By Lisa Vives Global Information Network

Long-held grievances between anti- and progovernment Eritreans exploded in the streets of Stockholm last month, amidst an annual festival of Eritrean culture that drew thousands.

Eritreans who oppose Pres. Isaias Afwerki tore down tents and set cars on fire, according to the Swedish newspaper Expressen. The protesters then marched towards the festival grounds, pushing past police cordons and using sticks and rocks as weapons. "Between 100 and 200 people have been detained," said Swedish police spokesperson Daniel Wikdahl.

Sweden is home to tens of thousands of people with Eritrean roots. According to the local Nyhetsbyrån Järva news site, the Festival Eritrea Scandinavia has long been criticized for its connections to the Eritrean government of Pres. Afwerki.

Human rights groups describe Eritrea as one of the world’s most repressive countries. Since winning independence from Ethiopia three decades ago, the small Horn of Africa nation has been led by President Afwerki, who has never held an election.

The festival began in the 1990s but was suspected of accepting millions of kronor (Swedish dollars) from the Eritrean government to hold the event.

In previous years, demonstrations against the festival were held by the "Dawit Isaak Campaign", a group named after the SwedishEritrean writer who has been imprisoned in the country in appalling conditions without trial since 2001.

Isaak, winner of Unesco’s Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize, is being held incommunicado without access to his family or lawyers, says Reporters without Borders, because he did his job as a reporter and covered the political debate in Eritrean society for 16 years.

“Frederick Douglass is increasingly a symbol of international social justice,” she said. “This is something that’s very dear to many people within Belfast, so I hope this place becomes a rallying point for people who want to effect real change and to have a more inclusive, equitable future for all people of Ireland.”

Douglass first visited Belfast in 1845 at the invitation of the Belfast Anti-Slavery Society and returned for a second visit in 1846.

“I think the most beautiful thing is that when he was leaving Belfast, he said: ‘Wherever else I feel myself to be a stranger, I will always know I have a home in Belfast.’ And to me that’s what today represents, Frederick Douglass finally coming home to Bel-

fast to be amongst the people he loved.”

Some 12 students from the US attended the unveiling as part of their work with the Frederick Douglass Global Fellowship, a program that studies social justice leadership in America, South Africa and Ireland.

“We’re able to remember him for his work,” said fellowship student Akil Cole from Georgetown University, “but I think more importantly, there are people that actually still care about his work, about social justice, about equity, about access to rights, not just in a historical sense, but in a very present sense.”

Nigerien men gather for an anti-French protest in Niamey, Niger, Friday, Aug. 11, 2023.

PHOTO: Sam Mednick/AP

PHOTO: Courtesy of GIN

PHOTO: Courtesy of GIN

BACK TO SCHOOL

Mayor Gloria’s Back to School Celebration in Logan Heights 5

Mayor Todd Gloria was joined by San Diego Unified School District board members, nonprofit partners, community leaders and sponsors at Memorial Community Park in Logan Heights for his annual back-to-school celebration for children and families.

Students got free backpacks filled with supplies to set them up for success in digital learning, including padded Chromebook cases, along with basic supplies including notebooks, markers, binders and pencil pouches. There were also activities with the San Diego Loyal Soccer Club, San Diego Seals lacrosse team, San Diego Gulls ice hockey team, San Diego Padres baseball team, San Diego Wave FC soccer team, the City of San Diego’s Parks and Recreation department and more.

Savvy Tips for a Smooth Back-to-School Transition

Balancing schedules, supplies shopping, meal planning and more can make the back-to-school season one of the most hectic times of the year. Keeping stress at bay may be a little easier when you put a plan in place the entire family can follow.

Remember, making the transition as smooth as possible requires a team effort. Help make a new academic year easier on your little ones (and yourself) with these hacks.

Start Your Routines

Getting your kids into their school day routines may be a massive undertaking, but it’s often helpful to start weeks before the first bell rings. Set those alarms and encourage kiddos to treat each morning as if they’re going to class. In the evenings, practice prepping backpacks and outfits just as you would during the school year, and ensure children are going to sleep at the times they should on school nights.

Simplify School Lunches

Prepping lunchboxes to send to school doesn’t need to be a time-consuming affair. In fact, it can be one of the easiest parts of your routine with prepackaged options that help make packing lunches a breeze. Seek out solutions that help simplify the process like Kemps Smooth Cottage Cheese, a firstof-its-kind snack for kids made with 4% whole milk and blended with real fruit to create a smooth and creamy texture without the curds. Available in four-packs of 4-ounce cups in fun flavors like Mixed Berry, Strawberry and Strawberry Banana, it’s a healthy, convenient and versatile solution with probiotics and no high-fructose corn syrup. Plus, it’s high in protein to keep kids feeling full and focused throughout the school day.

Prep the Night Before

Stressful mornings can lead to less productive days. Instead, simplify mornings as much as possible by packing backpacks, prepping lunches and planning outfits in the evenings to save yourself time once that alarm goes off. Plus, you may be less likely to forget essentials like homework assignments or permission slips when you’re not in a rush.

Serve Nutritional After-School Snacks

Skip the temptation to stock the pantry with sugary grab-and-go treats. Instead, encourage good nutritional choices for your children after a day of learning by offering them healthier snacking solutions. For example, pairing cottage cheese with crackers or fresh fruit provides a protein punch without the added sugar of less healthy snack choices to

Supporting Teachers

4 ways to help lighten the burden for educators

Teachers are more than leaders in their classrooms, they are leaders in the communities they serve, committed to educating the leaders of tomorrow, and their value cannot be overstated. To provide an optimal learning environment that equips their students for success, teachers often go above and beyond, sometimes at great personal expense.

In fact, an analysis by My eLearning World estimates teachers will spend an average of $820.14 out of pocket on school supplies during the 2023-24 school year, the largest amount ever, which doesn’t include all of the hours dedicated beyond the traditional school day.

To help alleviate some of the burden, consider these ways parents, guardians and community members can contribute and support the efforts of educators.

Volunteer in the Classroom

One of the easiest ways to learn what life is like in the classroom and truly understand the needs is to spend some time there helping out. Many school districts could use volunteers to assist with one-onone tutoring, organizing library books, chaperoning field trips, speaking to classes about career paths and more. Start by checking with your child’s teacher or calling the front office to see what opportunities might be available.

Back to school is near and as families gather essentials for the new year, heat preparedness must remain top of mind. Ensuring the safety of our children during extreme heat events is critical to their well-being and educational success.

Children are one of the groups at greatest risk of heat illness, including kids with disabilities or those with chronic health conditions like asthma or diabetes, so it is important to take extra precautions to protect them during extreme heat. California’s Heat Ready CA cam-

keep little tummies full until it’s time for a family meal.

Create a Family Calendar

The school year certainly isn’t the only time that calendars feel like they’re bursting at the seams, but the addition of after-school activities, field trips, parent-teacher conferences and more can be overwhelming if you’re not prepared. Find a scheduling solution that works for your family, whether it’s a dry-erase board in a mudroom or magnetic calendar on the fridge. Stay on top of upcoming events and activities by sitting down together once a week (or more) to write down everyone’s commitments and track important dates.

To learn more and find fun recipes, visit Kemps.com.

Family Features

Five Back-to-School Tips for Extreme Heat

paign encourages California residents to be proactive in safeguarding children from the effects of rising temperatures and raises awareness about the dangers of extreme heat, especially within heat-vulnerable communities like our Black and African American communities.

“As a doctor and mother, I understand how vital it is that we prioritize our children’s safety during extreme heat,” said Dr. Sharon K. Okonkwo-Holmes, a family practice physician with Kaiser Permanente Southern California, and an instructor at Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine in Pasadena.

Heat Ready CA is demonstrating its dedication to promoting community health and safety by

Assist with Classroom Registries

Well-equipped classrooms are essential to student success, but teachers cannot do it alone. To help assist educators in reducing out-of-pocket expenses for classroom supplies, Walmart’s Classroom Registry allows teachers to create personalized lists of items they need, making it easy for the community to contribute to and support their efforts. Tailored to educators with personalized creation flow and recommended classroom items unique to each grade level — including popular items such as stationery, classroom decorations, art supplies, classroom treats and rewards such as stickers and “edutainment” items — teachers can share their lists quickly and easily through direct links to their custom registries. Registries are also discoverable via the registry search using the teacher’s last name and state.

Work with Your Student at Home

Not all learning takes place in the classroom. In fact, you can model the importance of your child’s education at home and create good habits such as doing homework at a certain time each night, getting a good night’s rest before school and using lessons learned in the classroom during family time. Contact your child’s teacher to learn more about the lesson plan and what you can do at home to assist with your student’s education.

sharing five tips for parents and guardians to implement and help protect children during extreme heat as they return to school.

1 Apply Sunscreen and Drink Water: Shield children’s skin from harmful UV rays and prevent heat rashes and sunburns by applying sunscreen with an SPF of 15 or higher. Encourage children to stay hydrated, and not wait until they’re thirsty. Kids should avoid consuming beverages with caffeine or high amounts of sugar to prevent becoming further dehydrated.

2 Dress for the Heat: Keep kids cool and comfy by dressing them in light-colored, lightweight, loose-fitting, and breathable c lothes. Children do not sweat like adults do, reducing their ability to cool down on their own. Teachers and yard duties should help by paying special attention to their face and body language.

See HEAT page 12

Attend School Board Meetings to Voice Support

Because important decisions that impact teachers are often made by those not in the classroom every day, keeping tabs on the issues impacting teachers and local school districts can help you advo cate for educators if the need arises. Start by attending a few school board meet ings to learn how they oper ate and get a handle on issues directly impacting teachers. Then make your voice heard — or run for the school board — to support policies and actions that serve teachers’ best interests.

PHOTO: Courtesy of Getty Images

PHOTO: Courtesy of the Mayor’s Office

PHOTO: Courtesy of Getty Images

PHOTO: Mary Taylor/Pexels

Dr. Sharon K. Okonkwo-Holmes, FNP with Kaiser Permanente Southern California.

PHOTO: Courtesy of LAGRANT Communications

The Black InGenius Scholars Induction Ceremony

By Amara N. Beaty, Staff Writer

This past Saturday from 10 AM to 12 noon at the University of San Diego's Joan B. Kroc Institute for Peace and Justice (KIPJ), the 68 Black InGenius Initiative (BiGI) 2023 cohortians were celebrated for their scholarly efforts with an induction ceremony.

BiGI, a brand new initiative beginning this year, is a seven-year academic program helping children most affected by disproportionate educational inequities. The program begins with sixth graders, accompanying the middle school students throughout their entire high school experience with the goal of admitting them into USD, or any school for that matter.

Sixth grade is a specific choice according to BiGI “Godmother” Dr. Kimberly White-Smith, Ed.D., Dean of USD’s School of Leadership and Education Sciences.

“There’s a lot of research behind [starting with sixth graders]!" Dean White-Smith shared. The time between the fifth grade, where children receive a lot of support in elementary school, and

then move to middle school in the sixth grade can be a little rocky for children the BiGI Godmother explained. “That's where we see a lot of drop-off in student support and academic achievement and our students of color are the most impacted by that transition. So that’s why we pick that critical time to provide that bridge of support for them.”

Pamela Gray Payton, Vice President and Chief Impact & Partnerships Officer at San Diego Foundation (SDF), and Dean White-Smith, both dubbed BiGI “Godmothers”, are the powerhouses who dreamt up the “transformational” Black InGenius Initiative. She took the stage with Dean White-Smith upon accepting portraits of the two depicted as fairy godmothers. The portraits were presented to the two women by BiGI scholars.

“Watching this thing [BiGI] take place and grow and by the time we [were finished], we were in the exact same position we are in today. In tears,” said Payton upon accepting her portrait.

The USD program, partnering with SDF and the San Diego Unified School District (SDUSD), received a $1.5 million grant from the SDF Black Community Investment Fund, which Payton launched with her SDF team. Mark Stuart, President and CEO of SDF, and SDUSD Super-

intendent Lamont A. Jackson accepted Community Partner of the Year Awards Saturday, on behalf of their respective organizations.

40 of the 68 middle schoolers this year are students within SDUSD.

Superintendent Jackson along with SDUSD Board Trustee Sharon Whitehurst-Payne, offered their sincere support of the scholars and the Black InGenius Initiative. SDUSD will continue to draft students along with other San Diego school districts.

Applications opened in April for the 2023 academic year program which starts next month. Eight students from Jonas Salk Elementary and one from Hage Elementary were recently recognized for their being chosen to participate in the Black InGenius Initiative. The scholars who were inducted into the program Saturday morning were part of the BiGI Summer Academy, led by Ronald Clark, MA.

The ceremony ended with the Heartbeat Drumline leading the youth and their families into the Garden of the Sea be hind the KIPJ building for a reception, providing plenty of refreshments and celebration.

Welcome

BACK TO SCHOOL

BUS SAFETY TIPS for Back-to-School Season

Another school year means millions of children across the United States will begin and end each day with a bus ride. The way many kids ride to school today, however, is the same as it was 25 years ago — in diesel school buses, which have been shown to be harmful to children’s health, the community and the climate.

Investments are being made to clean up the nation’s school bus fleet, like the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Clean School Bus Program, which will provide $5 billion over five years to help replace existing buses with low- and zero-emission models. One alternative energy source, propane, is an environmentally friendly and affordable option that can be implemented today to provide a better tomorrow for more students. The lowcarbon emissions energy source is abundantly available and can work in tandem with other energy sources, including electric, to move the nation’s school bus fleet further down the path to zero emissions and ensure every child has a safe, clean, healthy ride to school.

In addition to speaking to your children’s school district officials about alternative school bus solutions, there are lessons parents can teach their children about how to remain safe before, during and after their daily trips on school buses. Consider these tips from the experts at the National Association of Pupil Transportation.

Before the Bus Arrives

• Ensure backpacks are packed securely so papers and other items don’t scatter as the bus approaches.

• Create a morning routine that puts kids at the bus stop five minutes before the scheduled pickup time. This helps avoid a last-minute rush, when safety lessons are easily forgotten, and ensures kids are safely in place for boarding.

• Encourage children to wear bright, contrasting colors so they can be seen easier by drivers.

• Instruct children to walk on the sidewalk. If there is no sidewalk, advise them to stay out of the street, walk single-file, face traffic and stay as close to the edge of the road as possible.

• Walk young children to the bus stop or encourage kids to walk in groups. There is safety in numbers; groups are easier for drivers to see.

• If kids must cross a street, driveway or alley, remind them to stop and look both ways before crossing

• Verify the bus stop location offers good visibility for the bus driver; if changes are needed, talk with nearby home-owners or school district officials to implement changes. Never let kids wait in a house or car, where the driver may miss seeing them approach the bus.

• Remind children the bus stop is not a playg round. Balls or other toys can roll into the street and horseplay could result in someone falling into the path of oncoming traffic.

• Instruct children to stay at least three steps away from the road and allow the bus to come to a complete stop before approaching it.

On the Bus Ride

• When boarding the bus, items can get bumped and dropped. Caution children that before picking anything up, they should talk to the driver and follow instructions to safely retrieve their possessions.

• Teach safe riding habits: Stay seated with head, hands and feet inside at all times; keep bags and books out of the aisle and remain seated until the bus stops moving.

• Instruct children to never throw things on the bus or out the windows and to never play with or block emergency exits.

• Remind kids that loud noises are off limits so they don’t distract the driver. That includes cellphones and other electronic devices; instruct children to put them on mute or use headphones.

Leaving the Bus

• Remind children to look before stepping off the bus. If they must cross the street, teach them to do so in front of the bus by taking five big steps (approximately 10 feet) away from the front of the bus, looking up and waiting for the driver to signal it’s safe.

• For parents who meet their kids at the bus, eliminate the risk of your children darting across the street by waiting on the side of the street where they exit the bus.

• Make the bus ride part of your daily “how was school?” discussion. Encourage kids to talk about the things they see and hear on the bus so you can discuss appropriate behaviors and, if necessary, report any concerns to school administrators.

Benefits of Propane Buses

Every day, 1.3 million children in the United States ride to school in 22,000 propane-powered school buses, which are currently in use by more than 1,000 school districts across 48 states. Alternative fuels, such as propane, offer multiple benefits for school districts and students alike because propane buses reduce harmful emissions, save money and provide a safer ride for students.

Student Health

Propane reduces harmful nitrogen oxide emissions by up to 94% compared to diesel and emits near-zero particulate matter emissions. Both emissions, which can be found in the cloud of smoke emitted from the tailpipes of diesel buses, are known triggers for asthma, bronchitis and other respiratory problems, according to the EPA.

Reliability

Propane has a range of 400 miles and the performance needed to drive long distances without stopping to recharge or refuel.

Cost Savings

While propane and electric are both options for clean student transportation that also reduce the harm to air quality, the cost is not equal. On average, an electric school bus costs $375,000, meaning districts can purchase three propane-powered buses (which are only $6,000 more expensive than diesel buses) for the price of one electric bus. In fact, a study from the World LP Gas Association found the cost savings of getting rid of all diesel buses and replacing them with propane would save enough money to hire 23,000 teachers due to lower long-term fuel and maintenance costs.

Find more information and learn how to talk to school district officials about adopting clean school buses at BetterOurBuses.com.

ARTICLE CONTINUATION

heat:

Continued from page 9

3 Limit Outdoor Activities: Consider talking to your child's teacher about minimizing outdoor activities and encourage k ids to play indoors or in shaded areas during extreme heat, especially between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. Children will need frequent breaks to rest and cool off throughout the day.

4 Educate Kids on Heat Safety: Teach children how to spot symptoms of heat illness and encourage them to seek help if they or their friends experience heavy sweating,

muscle cramps, weakness, headaches, dizziness, nausea, vomiting or dizziness

5 Plan Errands with Children in Mind: Never leave children alone in a parked car—even for a quick errand! Temperatures can rise almost 20 degrees in 10 minutes, even with a window cracked open or when temperatures feel milder outside.

As we gear up for the new school year, let’s confidently handle hot weather and shield our children from the worst effects of extreme heat by remembering and applying these tips. For more information about heat safety for vulnerable populations and resources, or to create an extreme heat plan, go to HeatReadyCA.com.

PHOTO: Courtesy of Getty Images

Play-it-Safe Tips to Protect Young

Athletes’ Feet and Ankles

In today’s competitive youth sports landscape, injuries are common, and when they do occur, young athletes are often pressured to play through the pain.

“The back-to-school season is prime time for foot and ankle injuries from fall sports like soccer, football and cross country,” says Richard Baker, DPM, FACFAS, a foot and ankle surgeon and Fellow Member of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons (ACFAS).

“Fortunately, there are many steps parents, coaches and young athletes can take to prevent injuries from occurring in the first place and to discourage kids from playing through pain.”

Here are eight play-it-safe tips from the foot and ankle surgeon members of ACFAS to help prevent injuries and to treat them properly when they do occur.

1 G et a pre-season checkup. A pre-season medical evaluation can help identify whether your child could possibly benefit from using an orthotic or wearing a supportive ankle brace while playing. This is especially important for those with previous sprains and injuries.

2 Start the season with new shoes. Old shoes can wear down and become uneven, causing the ankle to tilt. And, as your child’s feet may have grown between seasons, their old shoes may not fit. The smart move is to replace athletic shoes at the start of each season. While children under 10 should wear all-purpose sports shoes, older youth athletes should wear sport-specific footwear.

3 Train for the season. It’s important that your child’s feet and ankles are accustomed to the level of activity required for the sport. Adequate conditioning in the off-season can help maintain a player’s ability to meet these demands, reducing their risk of

injury and improving their performance during the season.

4 Encourage warm up exercises. Calf stretches and light jogging before competition help warm up ligaments and blood vessels, reducing injury risk.

5 C heck fields for dips, divots and holes. Ninety percent of ankle sprains are due to poor playing conditions. That’s why some surgeons recommend walking the field, especially in non-professional settings like public parks, looking for spots that could catch a player’s foot. Alert coaching officials to any irregularities.

6 W atch their technique. A difference in the way your child is moving is often a tell-tale sign that something is wrong. Playing with pain is never a winning strategy so encourage kids to be honest about pain or discomfort.

7 B e mindful of other physical activities. Your child doesn’t need to be involved in a formalized athletic program to be vulnerable to sports-related injuries. Foot and ankle surgeons warn of common injuries like plantar fasciitis, bone

Practice Mental Wellness for a Healthy Heart and Brain

spurs, fractures and Achilles tendonitis due to repetitive, forceful motions, which can occur in activities such as skateboarding. When skateboarding or engaged in other non-formal activities, always wear protective gear, including supportive shoes, and seek treatment when there is pain or injury.

8 R emember RICE. Often, an injured foot or ankle can be treated with rest, ice, compression and elevation. Those with foot or ankle pain should take a break from playing and allow time for recovery. If pain persists, something more serious may be happening, such as cartilage injuries or broken bones in the foot. Consult a foot and ankle surgeon for a complete evaluation, proper diagnosis and treatment plan. The sooner rehabilitation starts, the sooner your child can safely get back into the game.

For more information on pediatric foot care or to find a foot and ankle surgeon near you, visit FootHealthFacts.org, the patient education website of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. StatePoint

Keeping Your Children Safe and Healthy This School Year

As students return to classrooms, doctors say that it’s important to ensure that children are up-to-date with routine childhood vaccinations.

“The evidence around vaccinations is abundantly clear; they’re safe, effective and will help protect you, your loved ones and your community from preventable diseases. If you have questions about vaccines, their safety, or effectiveness, please speak to your physician. We are here for you, eager to answer your questions, and ensure your family is protected,” says Jesse M. Ehrenfeld, M.D., M.P.H., president of the American Medical Association (AMA).

In an effort to promote a safer, healthier school year for everyone, the AMA is sharing these vaccine facts and insights:

• Vaccines are safe, effective and save lives. Routine childhood immunization is highly effective at preventing disease over a lifetime, reducing the incidence of all targeted diseases, including measles, mumps, rubella, polio and chickenpox. For the U.S. population in 2019, vaccines prevented more than 24 million cases of disease.

• T he benefits of vaccines can be quantified. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), vaccination of children born between 1994 and 2021 will prevent 472 million illnesses, almost 30 million hospitalizations and more than 1 million deaths, saving nearly $2.2 trillion in total societal costs, including $479 billion in direct costs.

• V accination rates have fallen. Even before the rise in vaccine misinformation and disinformation associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccine hesitancy was increasing, elevating the risk of community outbreaks, which put under- and unvaccinated children at risk for serious illnesses, like measles. According to a mid-January 2023 report from the CDC, vaccination coverage decreased in most states

for all vaccines among kindergarteners for the 202122 school year when compared with the previous school year, which was already below pre-pandemic levels.

• Speak to your child’s physician. With increased misinformation around vaccinations, it is critical that you seek out reliable, evidence-based sources for information. These sources may begin with websites like getvaccineanswers.org, but they should also include your child’s physician.

• D on’t let cost be a barrier. Programs like Vaccines for Children (VFC) are federally funded to provide no-cost vaccinations to children whose families otherwise could not afford them. Parents can learn more by contacting their state or local health department.

“Make an annual well-child visit and immunizations a part of your household’s back-to-school routine,” says Dr. Ehrenfeld. “Doing so will protect you and your family from a number of preventable illnesses.

It’s something I do for my own children, and I urge you to do so, too.”

StatePoint

Research shows anxiety, stress and depression can have a negative impact on physical health and may even increase the risk for heart disease and stroke.

In fact, the American Heart Association, the world's leading nonprofit organization focused on heart and brain health, identified a strong interconnection between the mind, heart and body in its scientific statement, "Psychological Health, Well-Being and the Mind-HeartBody Connection."

"Research has clearly demonstrated negative psychological factors, personality traits and mental health disorders can negatively impact cardiovascular health," said Glenn N. Levine, M.D., FAHA and Michael E. DeBakey, VA Medical Center Chief. "The body's biological reaction to stress, anxiety and other types of poor mental health can manifest physically through an irregular heart rate or rhythm, increased blood pressure and inflammation throughout the body. Negative psychological health is also associated with health behaviors that are linked to an increased risk for heart disease and stroke, such as smoking, lower levels of physical activity, unhealthy diet, being overweight and not taking medications as prescribed."

Studies have found some people, including people of color, may face a greater risk of poor health outcomes due to chronic stress, depression and anxiety linked to psychosocial stressors, particularly those related to social and economic inequality, discrimination, systemic racism and other societal factors.

A study published in the "Journal of the American Heart Association" found U.S. adults who reported feeling highly discriminated against at work had an increased risk of developing high blood pressure compared to those who reported low discrimination at work.

"Mental health includes our emotional, psychological and social well-being," Levine said. "It affects how we think, feel and act. It also helps determine how we handle

stress, relate to others and make choices. Practicing mindfulness in all forms allows one to be more aware of and have more control over emotional responses to the experiences of daily life."

Consider these tips to improve your mind-heart-body connection:

• Practice meditation regularly. Even simple actions such as communing with nature or sitting quietly and focusing on your breath can have a positive impact.

• Get plenty of good, restful sleep. Set a regular bedtime, turn off or dim electronics as bedtime approaches and form a wakeup routine.

• M ake connections and stay in touch. Reach out and connect regularly with family and friends, or engage in activities to meet new people.

• P ractice mindful movement. There are many types of gentle mindful practices like yoga and Tai chi that can be done about anywhere with no special equipment to help ease your soul and muscles.

• S pend time with your furry friend. Companion animals are often beloved members of the family and research shows pets may help reduce physiological reactions to stress as well as support improved physical activity.

• W ork it out. Regular physical activity - a recommended 150 minutes of moderate activity, 75 minutes of vigorous activity or a mix of both weekly - can help relieve tension, anxiety and depression, and give you an immediate exercise "high."

"Wellness is more than simply the absence of disease," Levine said. "It is an active process directed toward a healthier, happier and more fulfilling life. When we strive to reduce negative aspects of psychological health, we are promoting an overall positive and healthy state of being."

Learn more about the importance of heart health at heart.org.

Family Features

SAN DIEGO COUNTY COVID-19 STATUS

TEST POSITIVITY 11.8%

TOTAL HOSPITALIZED 87

17

100k)

PHOTO: RF._.studio/Pexels

PHOTO: Getty Images via Family Features

PHOTO: nappy/Pexels

CLASSIFIEDS / LEGAL NOTICES

San Diego, CA 92111

This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on July 17, 2023 This fictitious business name will expire on July 17, 2028

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT

Fictitious business name(s):

IT Marketing And Consulting LLC Located at: 404 Euclid Ave #120-R San Diego, CA 92114 County of San Diego

This business is conducted by: A Limited Liability Company Registrant has not yet begun to transact

INVITATION OF BIDS

PARK PARKING LOT

IMPROVEMENTS ORACLE

PROJECT NO.1024791; BID

No. 12645.

This is a community development block grant project (CDBG), a federal assistance grant of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Sealed bids will be received at the Department of Purchasing and Contracting, at 5560 Overland Avenue, Ste. 270, San Diego, 92123, until 2:00 PM, Local Time on September 1, 2023, at which time they will be publicly opened and read aloud. Contract documents, including Plans, Specifications and Bid Forms are available for download on the County Buynet site: https://buynet.sdcounty.ca.go v. You must be registered at the site in order to download documents. The Contractor shall possess, at the time of submitting the bid, a California contractor's license, Class A, General Engineering Contractor, or a Class C-27, Landscaping Contractor license, which constitutes a majority of the work. The cost of construction is estimated to be from $237,900 to $317,200. Bid security of no less than 10% required at time of bid. Successful bidder shall provide Payment and Performance Bonds for 100% of the contract amount.

Prevailing Wage rates apply.

DVB Subcontractor Participation is encouraged but not required. For complete bid information, go to County of San Diego Purchasing and Contracting website at https://buynet.sdcounty.ca.go

v. For questions, please contact Assistant Procurement Specialist, Teresa Villegas at Teresa.Villegas@sdcounty.ca .gov. 8/17,8/24/23

CNS-3728207# VOICE & VIEWPOINT NEWS

standards, and all contractors (whether union on non- union) will be required to sign a Letter of Assent to perform this project under the terms of the PLA

• Bids Due Date: August 18, 2023 by 2 pm (PST)

• Trade Scopes Include (but not limited to): Brick/Block Layers, Finish Carpenters, Insulation Installer, Cement Mason, Drywall, Electrician, Elevator Mechanic, Glaziers, Ironworkers, Laborers, Painter, Plaster, Plumber/pipe-fitter, Roofer, Fire Sprinkler, Floor Layer, Sheet Metal, HVAC, Tile Layer, Truck Driver, Fence Erector, Operator Eng, Cabinet Installer, Framer, Landscape etc. Though bids are welcomed from all appurtenant & applicable trades.

• HA Builder Group, LLC hereby notifies all bidders that it will affirmatively ensure that in any contract entered into pursuant to this advertisement, businesses owned and controlled by socially and economically disadvantaged individuals will be afforded full opportunity to submit bids in response to this invitation and will not be discriminated against on the grounds of race, color, religion, creed, sex, age, ancestry, or national origin in consideration for an award.

****Bid Delivery & Questions: Pre-bid RFI’s, contractual questions, and bid submissions should be directed to Brady Cahill via email at brady@habuilders.com (858).650.9050****

matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted.

Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file a written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing.

NOTICE OF HEARING

Date: September 27, 2023

Time: 8:30 A.M. Dept. C-61

(To appear remotely, check in advance of the hearing for information about how to do so on the court's website. To find your court's website go to www.courts.ca.gov/find-mycourt.htm)

NO HEARING WILL OCCUR ON THE DATE SPECIFIED IN THE ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE.

The court will review the documents filed as of the date specified on the Order to Show Cause for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-120).

If all requirements for a name change have been met as of the date specified, and no timely written objection has been received (required at least two court days before the date specified), the Petition for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-100) will be granted without a hearing. One copy of the Order Granting the Petition will be mailed to the petitioner.

To change a name on a legal document, including a birth certificate, social security card, driver license, passport, and other identification, a certified copy of Decree

Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree

Changing Name and Order

Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be required. Contact the agency(ies) who issue the legal document that needs to be changed, to determine if a certified copy is required.

A certified copy of Decree

Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree

Changing Name and Order

Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be obtained from the Civil Business Office for a fee. Petitioners who are seeking a change of name under the Safe at Home program may contact the assigned department for the information on obtaining certified copies.

If all the requirements have not been met as of the date specified, the court will mail the petitioner a written order with further directions.

If a timely objection is filed, the court will set a hearing date and contact the parties by mail with further directions.

A RESPONDENT OBJECTING TO THE NAME CHANGE MUST FILE A WRITTEN OBJECTION AT LEAST TWO COURT DAYS (excluding weekends and holidays) BEFORE THE DATE SPECIFIED. Do not come to court on the specified date. The court will notify the parties by mail of a future hearing date

Any Petition for the name change of a minor that is signed by only one parent must have this Attachment served along with the Petition and Order to Show Cause, on the other nonsigning parent, and proof of service must be filed with the court.

The address of the court is: 330 West Broadway San Diego, CA 92101 8/17, 8/24, 8/31, 9/07

SUPERIOR COURT OF CALIFORNIA

330 W. Broadway San Diego, CA 92101 Hall Of Justice Central Division 37-2023-00032767CU-PT-CTL Petitioner or Attorney: Shuvonda Miller on behalf of minor

To All Interested Persons: Petitioner Shuvonda Miller on behalf of minor filed a petition with this court for a decree changing names as follows:

PRESENT

NAME: Kalaiah Shane Sherelle Moore

PROPOSED

NAME: Kalaiah Shane Sherelle Langford

THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted.

Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file a written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing.

NOTICE OF HEARING

Date: September 18, 2023 Time: 8:30 A.M. Dept. C-61 (To appear remotely, check in advance of the hearing for information about how to do so on the court's website. To find your court's website go to www.courts.ca.gov/find-mycourt.htm)

NO HEARING WILL OCCUR ON THE DATE SPECIFIED IN THE ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE. The court will review the documents filed as of the date specified on the Order to Show Cause for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-120).

If all requirements for a name change have been met as of the date specified, and no timely written objection has been received (required at least two court days

PRESENT NAME:

Ashley Dawn McEachernStains AKA Ashley Dawn McEachern

PROPOSED NAME:

Asher Dawn McEachernStains

THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted.

Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file a written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing.

NOTICE OF HEARING

Date: September 18, 2023

Time: 8:30 A.M. Dept. C-61 (To appear remotely, check in advance of the hearing for information about how to do so on the court's website. To find your court's website go to www.courts.ca.gov/find-mycourt.htm)

CALIFORNIA

330 West Broadway San Diego, CA 92101 Hall Of Justice Courthouse

37-2023-00031481CU-PT-CTL

Petitioner or Attorney:

Judy Laverne Clayton AKA

Judi Laverne Patterson AKA

Judi Clayton Patterson

To All Interested Persons: Petitioner

Judy Laverne Clayton AKA

Judi Laverne Patterson AKA

Judi Clayton Patterson filed a petition with this court for a decree changing names as follows:

PRESENT NAME:

Judy Laverne Clayton AKA

Judi Laverne Patterson AKA Judi Clayton Patterson

PROPOSED NAME: Judi Laverne Clayton Patterson

notify the parties by mail of a future hearing date

Any Petition for the name change of a minor that is signed by only one parent must have this Attachment served along with the Petition and Order to Show Cause, on the other nonsigning parent, and proof of service must be filed with the court.

The address of the court is: 330 West Broadway San Diego, CA 92101 8/03, 8/10, 8/17, 8/24

SUPERIOR COURT OF CALIFORNIA 330 West Broadway San Diego, CA 92101 Hall Of Justice Courthouse 37-2023-00026859CU-PT-CTL

Petitioner or Attorney: Walter Sylvester Lam

TO THE NAME CHANGE MUST FILE A WRITTEN OBJECTION AT LEAST TWO COURT DAYS (excluding weekends and holidays) BEFORE THE DATE SPECIFIED. Do not come to court on the specified date. The court will notify the parties by mail of a future hearing date

Any Petition for the name change of a minor that is signed by only one parent must have this Attachment served along with the Petition and Order to Show Cause, on the other nonsigning parent, and proof of service must be filed with the court.

The address of the court is: 330 West Broadway San Diego, CA 92101 8/03, 8/10, 8/17, 8/24

not been met as of the date specified, the court will mail the petitioner a written order with further directions.

If a timely objection is filed, the court will set a hearing date and contact the parties by mail with further directions.

A RESPONDENT OBJECTING TO THE NAME CHANGE MUST FILE A WRITTEN OBJECTION AT LEAST TWO COURT DAYS (excluding weekends and holidays) BEFORE THE DATE SPECIFIED. Do not come to court on the specified date. The court will notify the parties by mail of a future hearing date

before the date specified), the Petition for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-100) will be granted without a hearing. One copy of the Order Granting the Petition will be mailed to the petitioner.

To change a name on a legal document, including a birth certificate, social security card, driver license, passport, and other identification, a certified copy of Decree

Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree

Changing Name and Order Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be required. Contact the agency(ies) who issue the legal document that needs to be changed, to determine if a certified copy is required.

A certified copy of Decree

Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree

Changing Name and Order

Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be obtained from the Civil Business Office for a fee. Petitioners who are seeking a change of name under the Safe at Home program may contact the assigned department for the information on obtaining certified copies.

If all the requirements have not been met as of the date specified, the court will mail the petitioner a written order with further directions.

If a timely objection is filed, the court will set a hearing date and contact the parties by mail with further directions.

A RESPONDENT OBJECTING TO THE NAME CHANGE MUST FILE A WRITTEN OBJECTION AT LEAST TWO COURT DAYS (excluding weekends and holidays) BEFORE THE DATE SPECIFIED. Do not come to court on the specified date. The court will notify the parties by mail of a future hearing date

Any Petition for the name change of a minor that is signed by only one parent must have this Attachment served along with the Petition and Order to Show Cause, on the other nonsigning parent, and proof of service must be filed with the court.

The address of the court is: 330 W. Broadway San Diego, CA 92101 8/10, 8/17, 8/24, 8/31

SUPERIOR COURT OF CALIFORNIA 330 W. Broadway San Diego, CA 92101 Hall Of Justice 37-2023-00032671CU-PT-CTL Petitioner or Attorney: Ashley Dawn McEachernStains AKA Ashley Dawn McEachern

To All Interested Persons: Petitioner Ashley Dawn McEachernStains AKA Ashley Dawn McEachern

NO HEARING WILL OCCUR ON THE DATE SPECIFIED IN THE ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE.

The court will review the documents filed as of the date specified on the Order to Show Cause for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-120).

If all requirements for a name change have been met as of the date specified, and no timely written objection has been received (required at least two court days before the date specified), the Petition for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-100) will be granted without a hearing. One copy of the Order Granting the Petition will be mailed to the petitioner.

To change a name on a legal document, including a birth certificate, social security card, driver license, passport, and other identification, a certified copy of Decree Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree Changing Name and Order Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be required. Contact the agency(ies) who issue the legal document that needs to be changed, to determine if a certified copy is required.

A certified copy of Decree Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree Changing Name and Order Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be obtained from the Civil Business Office for a fee. Petitioners who are seeking a change of name under the Safe at Home program may contact the assigned department for the information on obtaining certified copies.

If all the requirements have not been met as of the date specified, the court will mail the petitioner a written order with further directions.

If a timely objection is filed, the court will set a hearing date and contact the parties by mail with further directions.

A RESPONDENT OBJECTING TO THE NAME CHANGE MUST FILE A WRITTEN OBJECTION AT LEAST TWO COURT DAYS (excluding weekends and holidays) BEFORE THE DATE SPECIFIED. Do not come to court on the specified date. The court will notify the parties by mail of a future hearing date

Any Petition for the name change of a minor that is signed by only one parent must have this Attachment served along with the Petition and Order to Show Cause, on the other nonsigning parent, and proof of service must be filed with the court.

The address of the court is: 330 W. Broadway San Diego, CA 92101

THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file a written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing.

NOTICE OF HEARING

Date: September 12, 2023

Time: 8:30 A.M. Dept. 61 (To appear remotely, check in advance of the hearing for information about how to do so on the court's website. To find your court's website go to www.courts.ca.gov/find-mycourt.htm)

NO HEARING WILL OCCUR ON THE DATE SPECIFIED IN THE ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE. The court will review the documents filed as of the date specified on the Order to Show Cause for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-120).

If all requirements for a name change have been met as of the date specified, and no timely written objection has been received (required at least two court days before the date specified), the Petition for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-100) will be granted without a hearing. One copy of the Order Granting the Petition will be mailed to the petitioner.

To change a name on a legal document, including a birth certificate, social security card, driver license, passport, and other identification, a certified copy of Decree Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree Changing Name and Order Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be required. Contact the agency(ies) who issue the legal document that needs to be changed, to determine if a certified copy is required.

A certified copy of Decree Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree Changing Name and Order Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be obtained from the Civil Business Office for a fee. Petitioners who are seeking a change of name under the Safe at Home program may contact the assigned department for the information on obtaining certified copies.

If all the requirements have not been met as of the date specified, the court will mail the petitioner a written order with further directions.

If a timely objection is filed, the court will set a hearing date and contact the parties by mail with further directions.

To All Interested Persons: Petitioner Walter Sylvester Lam filed a petition with this court for a decree changing names as follows:

PRESENT NAME: Walter Sylvester Lam

PROPOSED

NAME: Walter Otira Lam

THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted.

Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file a written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing.

NOTICE OF HEARING

Date: August 10, 2023

Time: 8:30 A.M. Dept. 61 (To appear remotely, check in advance of the hearing for information about how to do so on the court's website. To find your court's website go to www.courts.ca.gov/find-mycourt.htm)

NO HEARING WILL OCCUR ON THE DATE SPECIFIED IN THE ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE. The court will review the documents filed as of the date specified on the Order to Show Cause for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-120).

If all requirements for a name change have been met as of the date specified, and no timely written objection has been received (required at least two court days before the date specified), the Petition for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-100) will be granted without a hearing. One copy of the Order Granting the Petition will be mailed to the petitioner.

To change a name on a legal document, including a birth certificate, social security card, driver license, passport, and other identification, a certified copy of Decree Changing

Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree Changing Name and Order Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be required. Contact the agency(ies) who issue the legal document that needs to be changed, to determine if a certified copy is required.

A certified copy of Decree Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree Changing Name and Order

Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be obtained from the Civil Business Office for a fee.

Petitioners who are seeking a change of name under the Safe at Home program may contact the assigned department for the information on obtaining certified copies.

If all the requirements have not been met as of the date specified, the court will mail the petitioner a written order with further directions.

If a timely objection is filed, the court will set a hearing date and contact the parties by mail with further directions.

RESPONDENT

SUPERIOR COURT OF CALIFORNIA 330 W. Broadway San Diego, CA 92101 Hall Of Justice 37-2023-00030263CU-PT-CTL

Petitioner or Attorney: Zena Jolagh

To All Interested Persons: Petitioner

Zena Jolagh filed a petition with this court for a decree changing names as follows:

PRESENT NAME: Zena Jolagh

PROPOSED NAME: Zena J Hanna

THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file a written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing.

NOTICE OF HEARING

Date: September 05, 2023

Time: 8:30 A.M. Dept. C-61

(To appear remotely, check in advance of the hearing for information about how to do so on the court's website. To find your court's website go to www.courts.ca.gov/find-mycourt.htm)

NO HEARING WILL OCCUR ON THE DATE SPECIFIED IN THE ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE.

The court will review the documents filed as of the date specified on the Order to Show Cause for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-120).

If all requirements for a name change have been met as of the date specified, and no timely written objection has been received (required at least two court days before the date specified), the Petition for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-100) will be granted without a hearing. One copy of the Order Granting the Petition will be mailed to the petitioner.

To change a name on a legal document, including a birth certificate, social security card, driver license, passport, and other identification, a certified copy of Decree

Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree

Changing Name and Order

Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be required. Contact the agency(ies) who issue the legal document that needs to be changed, to determine if a certified copy is required.

A certified copy of Decree

Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree

Changing Name and Order

Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be obtained from the Civil Business Office for a fee. Petitioners who are seeking a change of name under the Safe at Home program may contact the assigned department for the information on obtaining certified copies.

If all the requirements have

Any Petition for the name change of a minor that is signed by only one parent must have this Attachment served along with the Petition and Order to Show Cause, on the other nonsigning parent, and proof of service must be filed with the court.

The address of the court is: 330 West Broadway San Diego, CA 92101 7/27, 8/03, 8/10, 8/17

SUPERIOR COURT OF CALIFORNIA 330 W. Broadway San Diego, CA 92101 Hall Of Justice 37-2023-00030529CU-PT-CTL Petitioner or Attorney: Samir P Hanna

To All Interested Persons: Petitioner Samir P Hanna filed a petition with this court for a decree changing names as follows:

PRESENT NAME: Samir P Hanna

PROPOSED NAME: Sam Hanna

THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file a written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing.

NOTICE OF HEARING

Date: September 06, 2023

Time: 8:30 A.M. Dept. 61 (To appear remotely, check in advance of the hearing for information about how to do so on the court's website. To find your court's website go to www.courts.ca.gov/find-mycourt.htm)

NO HEARING WILL OCCUR ON THE DATE SPECIFIED IN THE ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE. The court will review the documents filed as of the date specified on the Order to Show Cause for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-120).

If all requirements for a name change have been met as of the date specified, and no timely written objection has been received (required at least two court days before the date specified), the Petition for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-100) will be granted without a hearing. One copy of the Order Granting the Petition will be mailed to the petitioner.

To change a name on a legal document, including a birth certificate, social security card, driver license, passport, and other identification, a certified copy of Decree

Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree

Changing Name and Order

Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be required. Contact the agency(ies) who issue the legal document that needs to be changed, to determine if a certified copy is required.

A certified copy of Decree

Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree

Changing Name and Order Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance

of New Birth Certificate

(JC Form #NC-230) may be obtained from the Civil Business Office for a fee. Petitioners who are seeking a change of name under the Safe at Home program may contact the assigned department for the information on obtaining certified copies.

If all the requirements have not been met as of the date specified, the court will mail the petitioner a written order with further directions.

If a timely objection is filed, the court will set a hearing date and contact the parties by mail with further directions.

A RESPONDENT OBJECTING TO THE NAME CHANGE MUST FILE A WRITTEN OBJECTION AT LEAST TWO COURT DAYS (excluding weekends and holidays) BEFORE THE DATE SPECIFIED. Do not come to court on the specified date. The court will notify the parties by mail of a future hearing date

Any Petition for the name change of a minor that is signed by only one parent must have this Attachment served along with the Petition and Order to Show Cause, on the other nonsigning parent, and proof of service must be filed with the court.

The address of the court is:

330 West Broadway San Diego, CA 92101 7/27, 8/03, 8/10, 8/17

SUPERIOR COURT OF CALIFORNIA

330 West Broadway San Diego, CA 92101 Hall Of Justice

37-2023-00029847CU-PT-CTL

Petitioner or Attorney:

Phuoc Vinh Le and Van Hoang Phan

To All Interested Persons: Petitioner Phuoc Vinh Le and Van Hoang Phan filed a petition with this court for a decree changing names as follows:

a.PRESENT NAME: Khang Vinh Le

PROPOSED NAME: Joshua Khang Vinh Le

b.PRESENT NAME: An Phan Hoang Le

PROPOSED

NAME: Junia An Phan Hoang Le THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file a written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing.

NOTICE OF HEARING

Date: August 31, 2023

Time: 8:30 A.M. Dept. 61 (To appear remotely, check in advance of the hearing for information about how to do so on the court's website. To find your court's website go to www.courts.ca.gov/find-mycourt.htm)

NO HEARING WILL OCCUR ON THE DATE SPECIFIED IN THE ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE.

The court will review the documents filed as of the date specified on the Order to Show Cause for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-120).

If all requirements for a name change have been met as of the date specified, and no timely written objection has been received (required at least two court days before the date specified), the Petition for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-100) will be granted without a hearing. One copy of the Order Granting the Petition will be mailed to the petitioner.

To change a name on a legal document, including a birth certificate, social security card, driver license, passport, and other identification, a certified copy of Decree

may be required. Contact the agency(ies) who issue the legal document that needs to be changed, to determine if a certified copy is required.

A certified copy of Decree Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree Changing Name and Order Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be obtained from the Civil Business Office for a fee. Petitioners who are seeking a change of name under the Safe at Home program may contact the assigned department for the information on obtaining certified copies. If all the requirements have not been met as of the

mother no visits to father.

Other Orders requested (specify): passport/travel issue mother shall obtain passport for the minor child Nicholas born 2/09/2018 without fathers signature and consent. 8/03, 8/10, 8/17, 8/24

SUMMONS (Family Law)

NOTICE TO DEFENDANT (Fil Paulo Sy Marcelino) AVISO AL DEMANDADO (Fil Paulo Sy Marcelino):

You have been sued. Read the information below and on the next page. Lo han demandado. Lea la información a continuación y en la página siguiente.

Petitioner's Name is: (Nombre del demandante): Sharie Jarsulic

Case Number: 22FL008697S

You have 30 calendar days after this Summons and Petition are served on you to file a Response (form FL-120) at the court and have a copy served on the petitioner. A letter, phone call, or court appearance will not protect you.

If you do not file your Response on time, the court may make orders affecting your marriage or domestic partnership, your property, and custody of your children. You may be ordered to pay support and attorney fees and costs. For legal advice, contact a lawyer immediately. Get help finding a lawyer at the California Courts Online Self-Help Center (www. courts.ca.gov/selfhelp), at the California Legal Services website (www.lawhelpca.org), or by contacting your local county bar association.

along with the Petition and Order to Show Cause, on the other nonsigning parent, and proof of service must be filed with the court.

The address of the court is: 330 West Broadway San Diego, CA 92101

Tiene 30 días de calendario después de haber recibido la entrega legal de esta Citación y Petición para presentar una Respuesta (formulario FL120) ante la corte y efectuar la entrega legal de una copia al demandante. Una carta o llamada telefónica o una audiencia de la corte no basta para protegerlo. Si no presenta su Respuesta a tiempo, la corte puede dar órdenes que afecten su matrimonio o pareja de hecho, sus bienes y la custodia de sus hijos. La corte también le puede ordenar que pague manutención, y honorarios y costos legales. Para asesoramiento legal, póngase en contacto de inmediato con un abogado. Puede obtener información para encontrar un abogado en el Centro de Ayuda de las Cortes de California (www. sucorte.ca.gov), en el sitio web de los Servicios Legales de California (www.lawhelpca. org) o poniéndose en contacto con el colegio de abogados de su condado.

NOTICE—RESTRAINING

ORDERS ARE ON PAGE 2: These restraining orders are effective against both spouses or domestic partners until the petition is dismissed, a judgment is entered, or the court makes further orders. They are enforceable anywhere in California by any law enforcement officer who has received or seen a copy of them.

AVISO—LAS ÓRDENES DE RESTRICCIÓN SE ENCUENTRAN EN LA PÁGINA 2: Las órdenes de restricción están en vigencia en cuanto a ambos cónyuges o miembros de la pareja de hecho hasta que se despida la petición, se emita un fallo o la corte dé otras órdenes.

Cualquier agencia del orden público que haya recibido o visto una copia de estas órdenes puede hacerlas acatar en cualquier lugar de California.

FEE WAIVER: If you cannot pay the filing fee, ask the clerk for a fee waiver form. The court may order you to pay back all or part of the fees and costs that the court waived for you or the other party.

EXENCIÓN DE CUOTAS: Si no puede pagar la cuota de presentación, pida al secretario un formulario de exención de cuotas. La corte puede ordenar que usted pague, ya sea en parte o por completo, las cuotas y costos de la corte previamente exentos a

County of San Diego

South County Division, 500 3rd Ave Chula Vista, CA 91910

The name, address, and telephone number of the petitioner’s attorney, or the petitioner without an attorney, are: (El nombre, dirección y número de teléfono del abogado del demandante, o del demandante si no tiene abogado, son): Sharie Jarsulic 1506 L Ave National City, CA 91950 Tel No. (619) 900-5762

Clerk, by (Secretario, por)

A. Puerto, Deputy (Asistente)

STANDARD FAMILY LAW RESTRAINING ORDERS

Starting immediately, you and your spouse or domestic partner are restrained from:

1. removing the minor children of the parties from the state or applying for a new or replacement passport for those minor children without the prior written consent of the other party or an order of the court;

2. cashing, borrowing against, canceling, transferring, disposing of, or changing the beneficiaries of any insurance or other coverage, including life, health, automobile, and disability, held for the benefit of the parties and their minor children;

3. transferring, encumbering, hypothecating, concealing, or in any way disposing of any property, real or personal, whether community, quasicommunity, or separate, without the written consent of the other party or an order of the court, except in the usual course of business or for the necessities of life; and

4. creating a nonprobate transfer or modifying a nonprobate transfer in a manner that affects the disposition of property subject to the transfer, without the written consent of the other party or an order of the court. Before revocation of a nonprobate transfer can take effect or a right of survivorship to property can be eliminated, notice of the change must be filed and served on the other party.

You must notify each other of any proposed extraordinary expenditures at least five business days prior to incurring these extraordinary expenditures and account to the court for all extraordinary expenditures made after these restraining orders are effective. However, you may use community property, quasi-community property, or your own separate property to pay an attorney to help you or to pay court costs.

ÓRDENES DE RESTRICCIÓN ESTÁNDAR DE DERECHO FAMILIAR

En forma inmediata, usted y su cónyuge o pareja de hecho tienen prohibido:

1. llevarse del estado de California a los hijos menores de las partes, o solicitar un pasaporte nuevo o de repuesto para los hijos menores, sin el consentimiento previo por escrito de la otra parte o sin una orden de la corte;

2. cobrar, pedir prestado, cancelar, transferir, deshacerse o cambiar el nombre de los beneficiarios de cualquier seguro u otro tipo de cobertura, como de vida, salud, vehículo y discapacidad, que tenga como beneficiario(s) a las partes y su(s) hijo(s) menor(es);

3. transferir, gravar, hipotecar, ocultar o deshacerse de cualquier manera de cualquier propiedad, inmueble o personal, ya sea comunitaria, cuasicomunitaria o separada, sin el consentimiento escrito de la otra parte o una orden de la corte, excepto en el curso habitual de actividades personales y comerciales o para satisfacer las necesidades de la vida; y

4. crear o modificar una transferencia no testamentaria de manera que afecte la asignación de una propiedad sujeta a transferencia, sin el consentimiento por escrito de la otra parte o una orden de la corte. Antes de que se pueda eliminar la revocación de una transferencia no testamentaria, se debe presentar ante la corte un aviso del cambio y hacer una entrega legal de dicho aviso a la otra parte.

Cada parte tiene que notificar a la otra sobre cualquier gasto extraordinario propuesto por lo menos cinco días hábiles antes de realizarlo, y rendir cuenta a la corte de todos los gastos extraordinarios realizados después de que estas órdenes de restricción hayan entrado en vigencia. No obstante, puede usar propiedad comunitaria, cuasicomunitaria o suya separada para pagar a un abogado que lo ayude o para pagar los costos de la corte.

NOTICE—ACCESS TO AFFORDABLE HEALTH

INSURANCE: Do you or someone in your household need affordable health insurance? If so, you should apply for Covered California. Covered California can help reduce the cost you pay towards high quality affordable health care. For more information, visit www.coveredca.com. Or call Covered California at 1-800-300-1506.

AVISO—ACCESO A SEGURO DE SALUD MÁS

ECONÓMICO: ¿Necesita seguro de salud a un costo asequible, ya sea para usted o alguien en su hogar? Si es así, puede presentar una solicitud con Covered California. Covered California lo puede ayudar a reducir el costo que paga por seguro de salud asequible y de alta calidad. Para obtener más información, visite www.coveredca.com. O llame a Covered California al 1-800-300-0213.

WARNING—IMPORTANT

INFORMATION

California law provides that, for purposes of division of property upon dissolution of a marriage or domestic partnership or upon legal separation, property acquired by the parties during marriage or domestic partnership in joint form is presumed to be community property. If either party to this action should die before the jointly held community property is divided, the language in the deed that characterizes how title is held (i.e., joint tenancy, tenants in common, or community property) will be controlling, and not the community property presumption. You should consult your attorney if you want the community property presumption to be written into the recorded title to the property.

ADVERTENCIA— IMFORMACIÓN IMPORTANTE

De acuerdo a la ley de California, las propiedades adquiridas por las partes durante su matrimonio o pareja de hecho en forma conjunta se consideran propiedad comunitaria para fines de la división de bienes que ocurre cuando se produce una disolución o separación legal del matrimonio o pareja de hecho. Si cualquiera de las partes de este caso llega a fallecer antes de que se divida la propiedad comunitaria de tenencia conjunta, el destino de la misma quedará determinado por las cláusulas de la escritura correspondiente que describen su tenencia (por ej., tenencia conjunta, tenencia en común o propiedad comunitaria) y no por la presunción de propiedad comunitaria. Si quiere que la presunción comunitaria quede registrada en la escritura de la propiedad, debería consultar con un abogado. 8/03, 8/10, 8/17, 8/24

NOTICE OF PETITION TO ADMINISTER ESTATE OF Curtis Ralph Hougland Case Number: 37-2023-00033214-PR-PWCTL

To all heirs, beneficiaries, creditors, contingent creditors, contingent creditors, and persons who may otherwise be interested in the will or estate, or both, of Curtis Ralph Hougland

A Petition for Probate has been filed by Kenneth Robert Mullenix in the Superior Court of California, County of San Diego

The Petition for Probate requests that Kenneth Robert Mullenix be appointed as personal representative to administer

the estate of the decedent. The petition requests the decedent's will and codicils, if any, be admitted to probate. The will and any codicils are available for examination in the file kept by the court. The petition requests authority to administer the estate under the Independent Administration of Estates Act.

(This authority will allow the personal representative to take many actions without obtaining court approval. Before taking certain very important actions, however, the personal representative will be required to give notice to interested persons unless they have waived notice or consented to the proposed action.) The independent administration authority will be granted unless an interested person files an objection to the petition and shows good cause why the court should not grant the authority.

A hearing on the petition will be held in this court as follows: on October 25, 2023, at 1:30 PM in Dept. 502 located at the Superior Court of California County of San Diego 1100 Union Street San Diego, CA 92101 Central Division Central Courthouse

If you object to the granting of the petition, you should appear at the hearing and state your objections or file written objections with the court before the hearing. Your appearance may be in person or by your attorney.

If you are a creditor or a contingent creditor of the decedent, you must file your claim with the court and mail a copy to the personal representative appointed by the court within the later of either (1) four months from the date of first issuance of letters to a general personal representative, as defined in section 58(b) of the California Probate Code, or (2) 60 days from the date of mailing or personal delivery to you of a notice under section 9052 of the California Probate Code. Other California statutes and legal authority may affect your rights as a creditor. You may want to consult with an attorney knowledgeable in California law.

You may examine the file kept by the court. If you are a person interested in the estate, you may file with the court a REQUEST FOR SPECIAL NOTICE (form DE-154) of the filing of an inventory and appraisal of estate assets or of any petition or account as provided in Probate Code section 1250. A REQUEST FOR SPECIAL NOTICE form is available from the court clerk.

Attorney for Petitioner: Edward B. Fischel, LL.M. 459 West 4th Street, San Bernardino, CA 92401 (909) 388-0050 8/17, 8/24, 8/31

Ways to Fight Allergens This Season

During allergy season, having a safe haven from the triggers that make you sneeze and wheeze is essential.

• Fresh, cool air: The right air conditioning unit can help you breathe better indoors.

• Screened doors and windows: Even if you suffer from allergies, you may enjoy throwing open your windows on a nice day for a cross breeze.

• Whole-home cleaning: Regular vacuuming will make a world of difference in the way you feel.

StatePoint

ARTICLE CONTINUATION

HIP HOP:

Continued from page 5

“All Black creative expression is political because Black life is political,” said Timothy Welbeck, the director of the Center for AntiRacism at Temple University in Philadelphia.

And then there’s hip-hop’s global influence on protest, resistance and political dissent. From the Arab Spring and the Palestinian freedom fight to feminism and class struggles, rap music is a popular medium for calls to action, as well as call-outs of despots and colonizers. Rap music videos produced by artists in African, Europe, Asia and South America often include beatboxers, breakdancers, graffiti and other elements of hip-hop.

“Let’s be honest, sometimes art is dangerous and that’s why governments sometimes get nervous about art,”[ former president Barack] Obama said. “But if you try to suppress the arts, then I think you're suppressing the deepest dreams and aspirations of a people.”

Civil rights leader Rev. Al Sharpton, who turned 18 as hip-hop really took off out of his native New York, said rap music fueled the movement that has shaped much of his public life. At age 68, he believes hip-hop culture tilled the ground for the election of the first Black American president in 2008.

“I didn’t come out of the ‘We Shall Overcome’ generation,” Sharpton said. “I came out of Fight the Power, Public Enemy. Hip-hop took the chains off us and said, ‘No, we're gonna say it our way, anyway.’ ”

INDIGENOUS:

Continued from page 7

In 2019, Newsom apologized to Native American Californians for the state’s “historical wrongdoings.”

“California must reckon with our dark history,” said Newsom.

Ramos applauded Newsom for his action.

“This historic acknowledgment by the Governor marks the beginning of a new relationship between the state and the more than 700,000 Native Americans who make the State of California their home,” Ramos said.

Culturally, the general public has gained more access to the contemporary lives of indigenous communities in recent years. Samel credits this to keeping traditions alive and the entertainment industry investing in stories from the community.

“I think there is more media representation. If you look at shows like Reservation Dogs, kid’s shows like Spirit Rangers, there’s a lot more books being published as well. There’s still pow wows going on and other community events happening. This is a great time for people to learn more about indigenous cultures and see how their histories affect our histories.”

This California Black Media report was supported in whole or in part by funding provided by the State of California, administered by the California State Library.

PHOTO: MART PRODUCTION/Pexels

Eagles Nest Christian Center

Search: Pastor John E. Warren San Diego

We are a non-denominational full fellowship

of Christ Jesus. This ministry is to build people of Purpose, Prayer, Power, Praise and Prosperity. This mandate is being fulfilled by reaching the reality of the gospel in a simplistic fashion, and a result, learning how to apply it in everyday life.

Vinia Mae Mayse

Pierre Lambert

Vinia Mae Mayse Pierre Lambert was born to Julius Mayse and Mayola Mayse in Davilla, Texas on June 19, 1933. When she was 12 years old, the family moved to Temple, Texas and joined St. James United Methodist Church. Vinia accepted Jesus Christ as her Lord and Savior at an early age.

In 1950, Vinia graduated from Dunbar High School as Class Valedictorian. She received several scholarships, and enrolled at Prairie View A&M University, where she majored in Elementary Education and minored in Library Science.

After pauses for marriage and starting her family, Vinia graduated from Prairie View in May 1957. In 1958, she started her professional career in Hearne, Texas, where she taught third grade in the morning and managed the library in the afternoon.

In 1963, Vinia was hired by Temple Independent School District as librarian for Dunbar High School. In 1970, she was transferred to Temple High School due to integration. In June 1979, after 20 years in education, Vinia retired and moved to San Diego.

In 1981, she started work at Great Western Bank/Washington Mutual and retired after 15 years.

Shortly after moving to San Diego, Vinia joined St. Paul’s United Methodist Church of San Diego and served faithfully.

Our beloved Vinia Mae Mayse Pierre Lambert departed this earth on May 24, 2023.

She leaves to mourn a host of relatives and friends, including 14 grandchildren and 30 great-grandchildren.

Margaret

Streetman

Andrew John Gerlinda

ARRANGEMENTS BY PREFERRED CREMATION & BURIAL MORTUARY

Andrew John Hamilton was born on January 10, 1959 in Memphis, TN. He was the ninth child of eleven children born to Anzella Hamilton.

Andrew attended Fairley High School in Memphis, TN. He enjoyed sports like baseball, basketball, and football. He graduated in 1977.

Andrew served his country with Pride and Honor in the U.S. Army from 1978 through 1985.

In 1985, Andrew met and fell in love with Linda Foster. They joined together in Holy Matrimony on March 18, 2000. From this union, they had six beautiful children.

Andrew held down numerous jobs. His most recent was at Qualcomm, where he worked for over twenty years, lastly as a lead SMT Machine Operator. Andrew loved his job and was loved dearly by his co-workers.

Andrew became an assistant Pastor under the leadership of Pastor Johnny McCartney at Promise Land C.O.G.I.C. In 2003, Andrew changed his membership to Total Deliverance Worship Center, where he continued as a minister in the Gospel. On October 9, 2006, Andrew became an Elder under the leadership of William A. Benson at Total Deliverance Worship Center, and was involved in several ministries (Choir, Health Ministry, Teacher, a member of the singing group, ‘Men of Favor’.) Andrew’s true passion was being an educator of the Gospel of Jesus Christ. On July 25, 2023, Andrew was called home to be with the Lord. Andrew was preceded in death by Anzella Hamilton, Joe Wallace Hamilton Sr., James Hamilton, Sylvester Hamilton, Betty Wilson, Sharon King, Paula Moore, Barsha Wilson, Erick Hamilton,and a host of nieces and nephews.

Left to cherish his memories are his four sisters; Geraldine Pitts, Diane Bridgewater, Patsie (William) Rathell, and his twin sister Angeline (Henry) Costic, brother Randolph Hamilton, Terry (Kenya) Lucas, Ta’Mesha Lucas, La’Tara Hamilton, Lyndsey Earl, Clarke Heard Hamilton, Quintin (Dannisha) Earl, nine grandchildren, and one great-grandson.

ARRANGEMENTS BY CALIFORNIA CREMATION & BURIAL

Margaret, warmly known as Peggy Ann, loved her family and her precious Shih Tzus’. Margaret Ann Nixon was born on December 4, 1943 in New Castle, PA. She was the only child of Monroe Nixon (deceased) and Marie (Major) Nixon (deceased).

Margaret moved to Los Angeles to live with family where she received her high school diploma from Dorsey High School. While living in Los Angeles, she met and married Russell Hutchinson, Sr. Together, they had three children, Robert (deceased), Russell Jr., and Keith. Russell Sr. was a Coast Guardsman, and the family relocated to San Diego. They drew apart and they sought dissolution. While working as a civilian administrative assistant, she met Perry Streetman. They fell in love and got married. Perr y was enamored with her beauty and sharp intelligence. He often marveled at how she could remember the important details of even passing acquaintance lives, that both impressed and endeared them to her. Her social nature and brilliant mind led to a friendship that blossomed into love and a marriage that spanned 39 years.

On July 20, 2023, Margaret shed her earthly pain and entered into peaceful rest.

She is survived by her husband Perry, sons Russell Jr. & Keith, grandchildren, great-grandchildren, and a host of family and loved ones.

Shariese Lynette

Crutchfield

SUNRISE 07/13/1971

SUNSET 07/04/2023

ARRANGEMENTS BY CALIFORNIA CREMATION & BURIAL

Shariese Lynette Crutchfield was born on July 13, 1971 in San Diego, CA to Deborah Louiese Jones and Ciecle Ray Crutchfield. She was called home on July 4th, 2023, at the age of 51.

Shariese enjoyed spending time with her family and friends. She was known for her charismatic and outgoing personality. As a child, Shariese loved to spend time with her grandmother, Pastor Valorie Yates. They had a close-knit bond and spent many days together in church. Pastor Yates' nickname for Shariese was Re-Re.

Shariese enjoyed doing hair, crocheting, and cooking. She also loved bright, vibrant colors and butterflies.

Shariese is survived by her mother Deborah Louiese Jones, her father Ciecle Ray Crutchfield, Her Siblings; Fredrick Bogart Byers, Jr., Myesha Renee Jones, Her Children; Jimmisha Lee Thomas, Jamariyah Lee Thomas (Deceased), Jay-Shawn Lee CrutchfieldSherrill, Jazmariyah Frye, Jazariyah Crutchfield, and Jaquariyah Crutchfield, along with a host of nieces, nephews, aunts, uncles, cousins, 10 more siblings, and very dear friends.

ARRANGEMENTS BY CALIFORNIA CREMATION & BURIAL

Gerlinda Viester Webb (Hurn) was born on April 3, 1959 in Little Rock, Arkansas to Omedrie Hurn and Archie Lee Hurn, Sr. After spending time in West Memphis, Arkansas, her family relocated to San Diego, CA in 1969, when she was only nine years old.

Linda became a mother at a young age and grew up quickly. She graduated from Morse High School and almost simultaneously fell in love. Linda and James Webb wed on June 4th, 1981. They then bore three more children. Linda dedicated the majority of her life to being a mother and a wife.

Throughout her life, she worked in the school district and as an in-home caregiver, taking care of both the elderly and the ill. She enjoyed cooking and spending time with her family, especially her grandchildren. Linda was compassionate, generous, and considerate, with a heart of gold. Her humility and kindheartedness made her truly one of a kind. However, Linda didn’t mince words either. You always knew where you stood with her due to her feisty spirit, direct attitude, and honest nature.

Linda suffered a major stroke in January 2023, which led to other illnesses and ultimately an overall decline in her health. Over the course of seven months, she fought to stay here with us in the physical. She remained in the care of her family for a few weeks before taking her last breath surrounded by her immediate family and husband.

Linda was called home to be with the Lord on August 1, 2023. She was a beloved wife, mother, sister, niece, grandmother, and friend and her physical presence will be severely missed by all of us. The family takes comfort in the fact that Linda gave her life to Christ in 2002, and is undoubtedly at peace with the Lord our Savior, to suffer and feel pain no more.

Linda is preceded in death by both of her parents, Omedrie Hurn & Archie Hurn, Sr., her eldest brother Bobby Isabell, and beloved daughter LaToya Webb (2016), whom she missed dearly. She leaves behind to cherish her memory her husband James Webb (San Diego), her children Tanya Rembert (Roger Rembert, SC), James Demon Webb (Meisje Webb, CA), and Andrew “Reese” Webb (AZ), three brothers; Tye Hurn (Chanell Hurn), Archie Hurn, & Terry Hurn, all of San Diego, her cherished 16 grandchildren, two great grandchildren, and a host of uncles, aunts, nieces, nephews, extended family and friends.

Aaron Glenn

ARRANGEMENTS BY CALIFORNIA CREMATION & BURIAL

Aaron Glenn Wooten was born on January 23, 1952 to Annie Louise and Henry D. Wooten in San Diego, California.

Aaron understood what it meant to fight for the rights of those who couldn’t fight for themselves. He was a member of the Black Panther Party, who fought for political and economic equality. He had a passion for assisting fathers of color be the best they can be to their families.

Aaron enlisted in the Marine Corps in Januar y of 1970. While enlisted, he received a National Defense Service Medal, a Good Conduct Medal, served in Vietnam, and was honorably discharged.

One of Aaron’s biggest accomplishments was completing college with his Master’s Degree in Social Work. He was an integral part of the F2C program for the past 8 years. He was one of the original partners, and he helped develop and shape this very important program.

Aaron succumbed to Cancer on August 3rd, 2023.

He was preceded in death by his parents Annie Louise and Henry D. Wooten, and his three brothers; JD Taylor, Calvin Wooten, and Kevin Dean Wooten.

He leaves to cherish his memory, two daughters; Bobbie and Star Wooten, one son Jelani Wooten, five grandchildren; Le’Trae Wooten, Bobby Wooten, Tarriq Wooten, Shawnte Wash, and Takiyah Haygood, six great grandchildren; Sincere Jones, Te’Vaya Wooten, Tierra Wooten, Juserys Manago, Legend Manago, and Layla Wooten, seven brothers and sisters; Wanda Ann Billberry, Stanley Wooten, Debra Elaine Wooten, Alvin Earl Wooten, Patricia Louise Wooten, Pamela Denise Sauls, and Allen Dwight Wooten, five nieces; Akila, Aisha, Shanice, Talea and Kanisha, five nephews; Montreall, Alvin Jr., Kevin Jr., Tyrone, and Nathanial, and a host of other nieces, nephews, extended family and friends.

In a visit to local small businesses in Washington, D.C. on Friday, Aug. 4, Vice President Kamala Harris unveiled plans to provide grants to non-profit and community-based organizations as part of the $125 million Capital Readiness Program (CRP). The program seeks to bolster historically underserved entrepreneurs’ access to capital, aligning with one of the critical pillars of what the White House has dubbed

Conservative Group Files Lawsuit Against Black Women-Owned

By Stacy M. Brown

With the white sheets removed, the hoods now off, and the dog whistles as overt as they were during Jim Crow and the struggle for civil rights in the mid-20th century, a conservative group that spearheaded the Supreme Court’s overturning of affirmative action now has set its sights on Black women.

Edward Blum, a conservative activist, founded the American Alliance for Equal Rights nonprofit, which has filed a lawsuit against Fearless Fund, an Atlanta-based venture capital fund.

The lawsuit alleges that Fearless Fund “is engaging in unlawful racial discrimination by restricting eligibility for its grant competition to only Black women entrepreneurs.”

The legal action cited the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and was filed in federal Court in Atlanta.

Fearless Fund, established in 2019 by prominent Black women, including Cosby Show actress Keshia Knight Pulliam, entrepreneur Arian Simone, and corporate executive Ayana Parsons, aims to support and empower Black women who own small businesses. Notable investors in the fund include Bank of America, Costco Wholesale, General Mills, Mastercard, and JPMorgan Chase.

The lawsuit reportedly marks Blum’s first legal challenge since his organization’s victory in the Supreme Court in June.

The Court rejected affirmative action in collegiate admissions, ruling against race-conscious student admissions policies used by institutions like Harvard University and the University of North Carolina. Blum’s group had argued that such policies unfairly discriminated against white and Asian American applicants.

Blum’s lawsuit focuses on Fearless Fund’s “Fearless Strivers Grant Contest,” which provides $20,000 in grants, digital tools, and mentorship opportunities to Black women business owners. The American Alliance for Equal Rights claims that white and Asian American members of their organization have been excluded from the grant pro-

gram solely based on race. Fearless Fund held a news conference August 11 in response to the allegations.

In an interview with Reuters, Blum stated that the lawsuit is just the beginning of his efforts to challenge race-based policies used by private corporations through the American Alliance for Equal Rights. He said he aims to build upon the success of the cases against Harvard and UNC, filed by his organization, Students for Fair Admissions, which led to the Supreme Court’s landmark ruling in June.

“The common theme of these organizations is to challenge in the courts the use of racial classifications and preferences in our n ation’s policies,” Blum said, as reported by Reuters.

the Bidenomics economic plan.

The CRP, funded through the American Rescue Plan, represents the largest-ever direct federal investment in small business incubators and accelerators. Run by the Minority Business Development Agency (MBDA), the program expanded and was made permanent by the president’s Bipartisan Infrastructure Law. It counts as the most significant project in the 50year history of the MBDA.

During the announcement at Sycamore & Oak in the Congress Heights neighborhood of Southeast, D.C., Harris revealed 43 organizations selected as winners of the CRP awards. These organizations, comprising nonprofits, community-based entities, private sector firms, and institutions of higher education, will

form partnerships to assist underserved entrepreneurs seeking resources, tools, and support to start or expand businesses in highgrowth, high-wage industries like healthcare, climate-resilient technology, infrastructure, and more.

According to recent reports, the United States has experienced a record number of new business applications, totaling 12.6 million under the Biden-Harris Administration.

The awardees include the Arizona Hispanic Chamber of Commerce Foundation, which will use the $3 million grant to enhance business accelerator and incubator programs for underserved entrepreneurs in Arizona, Nevada, and California. Based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Bridgeway Capital will receive $2 million to support at least 340 minority-owned and rural entrepreneurs in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Ohio, scaling

up business education programs for revenue-generating growth opportunities.

The Urban League of Greater Atlanta will utilize $3 million to provide incubator and accelerator services to historically underserved entrepreneurs in high-growth industries. The Northern Great Lakes Initiative in Michigan will receive $3 million to streamline support for entrepreneurs, focusing on West Michigan, from conceptualizing an idea to business incubation and capital for growth.

The Biden-Harris Administration also announced the first approvals of awards for up to $58 million to 12 states as part of the State Small Business Credit Initiative (SSBCI) Technical Assistance Grant Program.

The SSBCI TA Grant Program, totaling approximately $200 million, aims to give small businesses access to historic support included in the American Rescue Plan, with

an unprecedented nearly $10 billion from the Treasury Department. These initiatives supplement additional actions taken under Bidenomics, such as delivering historic support to minority-supporting community financial institutions, making programs that boost lending to underserved communities permanent, expanding lending licenses, forming the Interagency Community Investment Committee (ICIC), and streamlining and simplifying small business lending.

Officials said the administration is leveraging federal spending to support small businesses and level the playing field for innovative small businesses. That includes using federal contracting dollars to support small and disadvantaged businesses, ensuring CHIPS Act funding supports small businesses, creating contracting opportunities in clean energy and energy efficiency, and cutting energy costs for small businesses.

1984

ROBERTO CLEMENTE IS SECOND BASEBALL PLAYER FEATURED ON STAMP

Roberto Clemente (Walker), born on August 18, 1934, in Barrio San Antón in Carolina, Puerto Rico, was considered one of the leading right fielders in baseball; he was well known for his selfless dedication to providing aid to Latin American people in need.

Clemente was a fantastic hitter and fielder for the Pittsburgh Pirates, possessing one of the strongest and most accurate arms in the history of the game. Although he was subject to racial discrimination from both fans and fellow players, his quality of play and strength of character, similar to that of Jackie Robinson and other pioneer Black baseball athletes, changed the way African Americans were treated in MLB.

On August 17, 1984, among his many Major League Baseball (MLB) achievements, he was recognized nationally as the second baseball player to be featured on a stamp, following Jackie Robinson.

Clemente died in a plane crash in 1972 while attempting to deliver aid to victims of a recent earthquake in Nicaragua. Major League baseball waived the mandatory five-year waiting period, and inducted Clemente into the Hall of Fame in 1973. He was the first Hispanic player inducted in the Baseball Hall of Fame.

BLACK HISTORY

1990

MAE BAILEY PASSES

PEARL

Legendary entertainer

Pearl Mae Bailey was born on March 29, 1918, in Southampton County, Virginia. Bailey began her acting and singing career early at the age of 15.

After winning a contest at Harlem’s Apollo Theater, Bailey decided to start performing as a professional. In the 1930s she took jobs singing and dancing in Philadelphia’s Black nightclubs. After the start of World War II, Bailey decided to tour the country with the USO where she performed for US troops, spreading her name and reputation across the country.

Her 1952 recording, “Takes Two to Tango,” was one of the top songs of the year. In 1946, Bailey made her Broadway debut in St. Louis Woman where she played the role of Hagar in a cast that also included Mahalia Jackson, Eartha Kitt and Nat King Cole. By 1959, she was considered a leading African-American actor and starred in films such as Porgy and Bess with Sidney Poitier and Dorothy Dandridge.

On August 17, 1990, Pearl Mae Bailey died in Philadelphia.

1806 JEAN-JACQUES DESSALINES PASSES

Honored as one of the founding fathers of Haiti, Jean-Jacques Dessalines was born into slavery in the French colony of Saint Dominque. Dessalines was treated harshly as a slave, reflecting throughout his military and brief political career contributing both to his success on the battlefield and to his eventual downfall.

When Dessalines proclaimed Saint Dominque’s independence from France, he chose the name Haiti for his country, the name used by the island’s aboriginal inhabitants. Independence, however, did not bring peace, and from January 1804 until his death two years later, Dessalines “governed with terror,” as he attempted to rule as governor “for life.”

On August 17, 1806, Dessalines met a violent death at the hands of his lieutenants when he was ambushed; his body was dragged through the streets before it was dismembered.

AROUND TOWN

The Fourth District Seniors Resource Center Proudly Presents “The Goddess of Inspiration, Gospel & Jazz Music”

Carmelia “Too t” Bell & Friends “Musi cally You rs In Song”

When: Saturday August 19, 2023

Where: George L. Stevens Senior Community Center 570 So 65th Street (Off Skyline Drive) San Diego, CA. 92114

Time: 4:00 – 7:00 P.M.

Donation: $40.00 (In Advance) $45.00 (At Door)

Please Note: Refreshments Served 4-5 P.M. Only

For tickets, reservations or more information please phone (619) 266-2066

Proceeds To Benefit

The Fourth District Seniors Resource Center (FDSRC)

1887

MARCUS GARVEY BORN

Marcus Mosiah Garvey, one of the most influential 20th-century Black nationalist and Pan-Africanist leaders, was born on August 17, 1887 in St. Ann’s Bay, Jamaica. Greatly influenced by Booker T. Washington’s autobiography Up From Slavery, Garvey began to support industrial education, economic separatism, and social segregation as strategies that would lift the “Black race.”

In 1914, Garvey established the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) in Kingston, Jamaica, and later relocated to Harlem in 1917, using speeches and his newspaper, The Negro World, to spread his message to Black Americans. Garveyism resonated with the rapidly urbanizing Black community and spread beyond the United States to the Caribbean, Latin America and Africa.

Garvey’s UNIA promised Black economic uplift via self-reliance, political equality via self-determination, and the “liberation of Africa from European colonialism via a Black army marching under the Red, Black, and Green flag of Black manhood.”