Advances in Energy Engineering, Volume 4, 2016 www.seipub.org/aee doi: 10.14355/aee.2016.04.001
Enhance the Distribution Network by Adding Small Hydro Power Plants (SHPPS) Alaa Abdulwahhab Azeez Baker *1, Maamon Phadhil Yasen Al‐Kababji 2 Department of Electrical Power and Machines Engineering, Engineering College, Mosul, Iraq *1
alaaali.aam@gmail.com; 2 al_kababjie@yahoo.com
Abstract This work presents a method to enhance the distribution network real system in Rashedyia distribution network at Mosul city in Iraq, by adding small hydro power plants SHPPS. The voltage sensitivity index (VSI) was used to find the optimal locations to add small hydro power plants SHPPS. The study has been applied to the system at unity p.f and 0.9 lagging p.f based on Maltab program at month of rising demand for electricity. The best results of Rashedyia distribution network were obtained when connecting SHPPS, the reduction of the real and reactive power losses percentage reached to about (21%) and (20%) at unity power factor for the month of January and by (29%)and(28%) for the month of July respectively. While at lagging power factor (0.9) the reduction of the real and reactive power losses percentage reached to about (32%) and (37%) for the month of January and the reduction reached to about (35%) and (44%) for the month of July respectively. In addition to, a rise of voltage profile was noticed. Keywords Distribution System, Loss Minimization, Voltage Profile, Renewable Energy Sources (RESs), Small Hydropower Plant (SHPP)
Introduction Energy demand increasing makes important problems such as grid instability or even outage, therefore, more energy must be generated at the grid. However, energy generation by big plant is not economical. Moreover, implementation of distributed generation is rapidly increased. Because of increasing global warming, limitation and high cost of fossil fuel sources, governments tend to increase use and implementation of renewable energy sources.[1] Nowadays, electrical utilities are undergoing rapid restructuring process and are planning to expand their electrical networks to meet the increasing load demand [2], but in fact traditional power plant expansion is a process that typically requires years for design, approval, installation and start‐up. In the deregulated market environment, such processes are not the best alternative to follow deviations in the projected demand increase. Renewable energy resources have been considered as the best alternative to traditional fossil fuels [3]. The sizes of renewable energy based electricity generators would be very small as compared to large fossil fuel based power plant. Technically they are suitable for installation at low voltage distribution system, near loads centres [4]. Mini hydro power plants are working as one of the most renewable energy sources because of its environment friendly operation as well as it is more predictable and concentrated energy source as comparing with other available sources (like wind or solar). Mini hydro power plants are very useful technologies to be considered for rural electrification in most of the developing countries. The potential of mini hydro and its use in different countries all over the world is described[5]. Small hydropower system in detail in allows achieving self‐sufficiency by using the best possible scarce natural resource that is the water, as a decentralized and low cost of energy production [6]. Another way of utilizing the renewable sources can significantly improves the performance of distribution system and power losses reduction[7]. The term “distribution line losses” refers to the difference between the amount of energy delivered to the distribution system and the amount of energy customers billed. It is important to know the magnitude and causality factors for line losses because the cost of energy lost has recovered from customers [8]. Kashem M. A and others in reference [9] represented techniques to minimize power losses in a distribution feeder by optimizing Distributed Generation DG model in terms of size, location and operating point of DG. Sensitivity analysis for power losses in terms of DG size and DG operating point has been performed. The method in reference [10] is based on the branch current and power flow. The final algorithm arrives at opening of a branch in a loop carrying minimum resistive power flow to make the network radial causing minimum loss. In reference [11] the researchers used a non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA) for reconfiguring a radial distribution corporation to minimize its operating costs considering real and reactive power costs while maximizing its
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