Mononuclears Size-Distribution as Marker of Acute Leukemia G. I. Ruban*1, N. V. Goncharova2, D. V. Marinitch3, V. A. Loiko4 Physical Optics Department, B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics of the National academy of sciences of Belarus, Nezaleznasti Ave. 68, Minsk, 220072, Belarus First-Third University/Affiliation 1, 4
Center of Transfusiology and biomedicine technologies, Ministry of Health of Belarus, Dolginoyski Tract, 160, Minsk, 220053, Belarus 2, 3
ruban@dragon.bas-net.by; 2ksju2006@gmail.com; 3ddna@mail.com; 4loiko@dragon.bas-net.by
1
Abstract Acute leukemias (AL) is a grope of a diseases of particular interest due to rapid onset, the necessity of quick, adequate therapy and prognosis assessment. The latter is based on the biology of blasts cells, primary tumor cell mass, kinetics of treatment response, patient’s age, cytogenetics and molecular prognostic markers. The main goal of such efforts is to detect and monitior minimal residual disease (MRD). Currently morphological, immunological and molecular techniques are being used. However sometimes these facilities are insufficient for correct detection and monitoring of MRD. We have established the significant difference between the size distribution of viable unstained peripheral mononuclears in AL patients, patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and healthy individuals. This method can be proposed as an auxillary tool in AL prognosis assessment. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Center of Transfusiology and Biomedicine Technologies, Ministry of Health of Belarus. Keywords Acute Leukemia; Mononuclears; Size Distributions
Introduction Acute leukemias are clonal malignant hematology neoplasms which are characterized by uncontrolled propagation and accumulation of leukemic blast cells in the bone-marrow and impaired production of normal cells (Jemal A, Thomas A, Murray T., 2002). The most useful classification system of acute leukemias is developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) (Vardiman J.W., Harris N.L., Brunning R.D., 2002; Arber D.A., Brunning R.D., Orazi A., 2008) and includes morphological, immunological and cytogenetic abnormalities. The French-American-British classification (Bennett J., Catovsky D., Daniel M., Flandrin G., Galton D., Gralnick H., Sultan C., 1976; Cui J.W., Wang J., He K., 2004) is mostly superseded by WHO classification but it often used as a preliminary classification for newly diagnosed patients. According the both classification systems, there are two main types of AL: acute lymphoid leukaemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). This division is the cornerstone in AL diagnostics. It determines the following choice of treatment. As it was mentioned above, various techniques are applied to verify the diagnosis of AL, including morphology, immunophenotyping, cytogenetics, in situ hybridization, molecular probing, and others. Morphological approach is the most crucial one in the preliminary stage of the diagnosis. Later, in the remission stage of AL, various methods in combination are used to detect and monitor MRD, because any single test, as a rule, is insufficient to diagnose the latter. Status of the Problem Molecular probing, immunophenotyping and other modern techniques leave some AL-diagnostics questions open. Molecular probing is rather sensitive method, but it needs the presence of specific gene rearrangements and thus may provide controversary results (Hsiao A., Hunter M., Greiner C., Gupta S., Georgakoudi I., 2011). Moreover, quantitative-PCR (pomerase chain reaction) results are sometimes (about 4% of cases) non-interpretable for myeloid vs. T- or B- lymphoid lineage evaluation (Saussoy P, 2004). PCR-based techniques need in cell lysis, which International Journal of Advance in Medical Science, Vol. 3, No. 1—May 2015 2327-7238/15/01 001-12 © 2015 DEStech Publications, Inc. doi:10.12783/ams.2015.0301.01
1