Spontaneous Alveolar Bone Loss Development by Alloxan-induced Diabetes Mellitus in Rats Diabetes Mellitus and Alveolar Bone Loss Daniela Martins de Souza1*, Ana Carolina Medeiros2, Juliana Oliveira Santos2, MĂĄrcia Costa Marques Lima2, Alan de Aquino Silva3, Claudemir de Carvalho4 Periodontist, Titular Professor of the Dentistry Course. Faculty of Pindamonhangaba-Christian Life University Foundation, Pindamonhangaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil 1*
Dentistry graduate student. Faculty of Pindamonhangaba-Christian Life University Foundation, Pindamonhangaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil 2
Dentistry undergraduate student, Faculty of Pindamonhangaba-Christian Life University Foundation, Pindamonhangaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil 3
Titular Professor of Dentistry Course, Faculty of Pindamonhangaba-Christian Life University Foundation, Pindamonhangaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil 4
*
danimart.voy@gmail.com
Abstract Diabetes mellitus is associated with the occurrence and severity of alveolar bone loss. This study evaluated the effect of alloxaninduced diabetes mellitus on the percentage of remaining periodontal bone support (PBS) and periodontal bone loss (PBL) in adult rats. Twenty female rats were injected with alloxan diluted at 0.2% in a 0.05 M citrate buffer, pH 4.5 (150 mg/kg, i.p.) and eight of them became diabetic. The glycaemic indexes were investigated weekly. After 42 days, the rats were euthanized and left mandibles were radiographed to measure the PBS. The same left mandibles were defleshed and stained and PBL was evaluated morphometrically by measuring the distance between the cementoenamel junction and alveolar bone crest. The comparison between the diabetic and control groups showed that the induced diabetes provoked statistically lower percentage of PBS and higher periodontal bone destruction (p<0.05). In conclusion, the induction of diabetes mellitus in adult rats may cause alveolar bone loss and reduce the remaining periodontal bone support. Keywords Alveolar Bone Loss; Periodontal Bone Support; Periodontal Disease; Diabetes Mellitus; Induced Diabetes; Alloxan
Introduction The supporting structures of the teeth include the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, and gingival tissues [1]. Periodontal disease is an infectious pathology with a limited number of specific bacteria required, but not sufficient for its onset, and host factors are major determinants for the disease occurrence and progression [2]. Many factors influence the periodontal disease progression, including social and behavioural factors, systemic, genetic, and dental factors [1]. Studies suggest that diabetes is a risk factor for periodontal disease and the prevalence, incidence, and severity of periodontal disease are higher among individuals with diabetes than in healthy individuals [3, 4]. Type II diabetic individuals were 11 times more at risk for loosing alveolar bone during a two-year period than a non-diabetic person. Furthermore, adults with diabetes are 2.9 times more at risk to have periodontitis than nondiabetic adults. On the other hand, individuals with controlled diabetes do not have a significantly higher risk of developing periodontitis [2].
International Journal of Advance in Medical Science, Vol. 3, No. 2â&#x20AC;&#x201D;November 2015 2327-7238/15/02 037-8 Š 2015 DEStech Publications, Inc. doi:10.12783/ams.2015.0302.01
37