http://www.se ipub.org/rae
Research and Applications in Economics Volume 2, 2014
The Optimal Design of Beijing Bus Fares of Transit System Cong-ying QIU*1 , Hai YAN2 , Na LI3, Tao LI4 Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China qiucongying20@gmail.com; 2yhai@bjut.edu.cn; 32223971729@qq.com; 4836407231@qq.com
*1
Abstract It’s most urge nt to curtail a large numbe r of financial subsidies of ground transportation in Be ijing, figure out the unbalance d proble m of passenge rs flow and improve the se rvice le ve l of Be ijing transit system. To solve these proble ms, on the basis of combination of curre nt researches and investigation results, we use demand e lasticity coe fficie nt to design fares programme modes. In this pape r, with a prere quisite for the guarantee of tiny decline in bus sharing rate , bus fares is raise d to diminish financial subsidies. The pape r proposes a solution that e ncourages the e lde rly to go out by avoiding peak hours and three bus fares solutions aiming at adults. The amount of subsidies is e valuate d by average re venue curve (AR curve ) and total re ve nue curve(TR curve ) (YANG We n-ju, 2010). The combination of passe nge r e ffect and limit of subsidies, which are conside re d as e valuation inde x, will be applie d to analyse pros and cons of each fares structure . Three major issues, including the bus fares structure, se tting price , and compre he nsive e valuation on transit system be ne fits programme , are discusse d in this pape r. It is significant for system optimization of the me tropolitan bus transit. Afte r discussion, scheme two that charges by peak shifting and averting is se lecte d for optimal bus fares solution.
Demand (Da ganzo Carlos F., 2012), pointed out that for the sake of maximizing social welfare, decision-making bodies should make the optimal pricing and design a public transport system based on the target level of demand and these two should be considered separately.
FIG.1 S CALE FIGURE OF BUS S UBS IDIES ACCOUNTED FORTHE PROPORTION OF OVERALL EXPENDITURE
Keywords Transportation Planning; Bus Fares; Optimal Decision; Demand Elasticity; Comprehensive Benefit Evaluation; Ground Transportation; Financial Subsidy; Passengers Flow Effect
Introduction In 2012, the fiscal expenditure of public transit ranked second of all fields in Beijing. Relevant research shows that there is no significant inhibition on the rate of road occupied of private cars by reducing bus fares (MIN Jie, 2013). In addition, while financial subsidy of ground public transportation in Beijing is going up, its passenger capacity faces bottleneck, which is very difficult to promote. In 2012, Daganzo Carlos F., on the study of On the Desig n of Publ ic Inf rastructure Systems with Elastic
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FIG.2 RELATIONS HIP OFPASSENGERS FLOWAND FINANCIAL S UBS IDIES FROM 2008TO 2012
Similarly, there are a number of studies on bus fares pricing and benefit evaluation programs at present (Layard R., 2008; WANG Hai-yan, 2013; LI Jin-xia, 2013), such as the study Analysis of Bus Diversity Fares Vote System and Passengers flow Effect (JIN Jian, YANG De-ming, 2009). These studies, however, ignore the