International Journal of Advances in Management Science (IJ-AMS) Volume 3 Issue 4, November 2014 DOI: 10.14355/ijams.2014.0304.05
www.ij-ams.org
Parking Space Reservation Based on VANETs Xiaolu Zhang1,2, DeminLi1,2*, JianbinChen1,2 College of Information Science & Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
1
Engineering Research Center of Digitized Textile & Fashion Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China 2
xiaoludhu@mail.dhu.edu.cn; *deminli@dhu.edu.cn; chen_jianbin@mail.dhu.edu.cn Abstract With the rapid increase of private vehicles, finding an available parking space in urban cities is indeed stressful, time-consuming. Reservation mechanism is a good method for solving this problem. In this paper, we present a parking space reservation method based on VANETs. Firstly, we set a Road Side Unit (RSU) at every important intersection to collect traffic information which utilizes the proposed timeprediction model to predict the travel time. Then, a parking space reservation mechanism is proposed according to a dynamic path selection based on real-time traffic information. At last, extensive evaluations using the software VanetMobisim and NS2 have been performed, and we can see the method we proposed make good travel time prediction which is useful and meaningful in parking spaces reservation for drivers and facility managers. Keywords Travel Time; Prediction; Traffic Flow; VANETs; Reservation
Introduction As the number of vehicles on the road is rapidly increasing, traffic problems are more serious, such as finding a proper parking space in time. Lots of strategies based on intelligent transportation technologies have been proposed to solve these problems to improve the traffic and ease congestion. Among them, traffic applications especially path planning using real time traffic information have drawn people’s increasing attention. Most of relevant studies cannot ignore the problem of reliable prediction of travel time (Zhang and Rice, 2003). With real-time traffic information as prior knowledge, the effectiveness of path planning can be improved which is the same for parking space reservation to inform parking spaces’ managers of the arrival time of their users to increase their utilization rate of parking spaces. To satisfy the requirements of travel time prediction, the first key issue is how to collect real-time traffic information. The traffic data of many researches are
collected by loop detectors, video cameras, etc, which causes lots of problems such as the high accurate requirement of these equipments, high deployment cost and the limited coverage range. Meanwhile, these equipments are easily susceptible by interferences (He, Zongjian, Cao and Li, 2012). Today, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs) based on vehicular networks are gradually becoming a fundamental and relevant aspect of our lives. We also use VANETs in this paper. Considering the unique characteristics of VANETs and the application scenario, related challenging issues are raised: (1) Traffic information collection. The solution to collect traffic information must tolerant the poor network conditions of VANETs; (2) Traffic prediction. A proper traffic model must be applied to forecast the travel time of a single road segment dynamically; (3) Reservation time prediction. Reservation is important for both drivers and managers, it is meaningful to predict the arrival time of drivers. Thus, how to select candidate path to calculate the reservation time which is not too emergency for drivers or too wasteful for managers is a challenging issue. The contributions of our paper are as follows. (1) As we know, the future traffic state is independent to the prior states especially during traffic congestion period. So, in this paper we propose the time-prediction model to predict travel time. We set a RSU at every critical intersection to collect traffic information which mainly contains vehicular hops during the dynamical sampling time, and we predict travel time according to N − 1preceding states sampled. (2) We put forward a reservation mechanism for the driver who wants to look for a parking space near his destination. The driver sends request based on VANETs’ protocol to look for his parking space, when the request arrives at an intersection, it will choose the road with higher traffic density for quickly finding the parking space. And the parking space sets reservation time for the driver based on the travel time achieved from RSUs.
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