Simulation of Collision Avoidance in Lamong Bay Port by Considering the PAW of Target Ship using MMG

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Marine Engineering Frontiers (MEF) Volume 2, 2014

www.seipub.org/mef

Simulation of Collision Avoidance in Lamong Bay Port by Considering the PAW of Target Ship using MMG Model and AIS Data I Putu Sindhu Asmara*1, Eiichi Kobayashi2, Trika Pitana3 Graduate School of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, 5-1-1 Fukae-Minami Higashinada, Kobe 658-0022, Japan 094w751n@stu.kobe-u.ac.jp; 2kobayashi@maritime.kobe-u.ac.jp; 3trika@its.ac.id

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A ship may need to maneuver to avoid an accident if a target ship deviates from its original track. Thus, we propose a method for collision avoidance that considers the potential area of water (PAW) of a target ship during maneuvering. The initial conditions of a target ship, including its initial rudder angle, drift angle, and yaw rate, are analyzed using automatic identification system (AIS) data. The AIS data from the traffic in Madura Strait are used to identify a danger area presented by the PAW of a target ship while entering a passage between the Port of Lamong Bay and an anchorage area. The PAW of the target ship is identified on the basis of random values from the initial conditions using a mathematical maneuvering group (MMG) model. The MMG model considers the effect of shallow water and the disturbances of wind and current. The safest route for a ship leaving the new port is determined. The route for avoiding the danger area also considers the criteria of a safety index and the minimum distances to obstacles proposed by other researchers. The width of the danger area is compared to the results of other methods. The width is less than the semiminor of Fujii’s ship domain, 1.6 × ship length, but it is almost the same as the minimum distance between ships in a harbor proposed by Inoue. Keywords PAW for Maneuvering; Collision Avoidance; Safety Route; MMG Model; AIS Data

Introduction The Port of Lamong Bay shown in Fig. 1 is a new port that is still under construction. It is located in Madura Strait, Indonesia. The new port is intended to anticipate the increasing number of ship calls in the Port of Tanjung Perak. Ships enter the port by passing through a passage located between the position of the new port and an anchorage area. This is a danger area, where two container ships sank in the first quarter of this year. Two ship-to-ship collisions have occurred, followed by the wayward ships sinking. A container

ship, KM Tanto Hari, entered the port area at 09:45 on January 31, 2014. The ship could not be controlled due to the wind force, and attacked an anchored tanker, KM Serius, in the anchorage area. KM Tanto Hari sank within half an hour of the collision. In a separate incident, the container ship KM Journey was moving from the anchorage area to the Port of Tanjung Perak around 02:20 on April 1, 2014. The ship drifted due to the current force, and attacked KM Lambelu in the anchorage area. KM Journey also sank after the collision. The disturbances caused by wind and current contributed to incorrect maneuvers when entering and leaving the area. The restricted area makes the passage unsafe for navigation. Thus, it is crucial to analyze the safety of a ship leaving the new port. In this study, a scenario was simulated to allow a ship to avoid a collision with a target ship entering the area. Entering Ship

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0 Anchorage Area Port of Tanjung Perak

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Port of Lamong Bay (under construction)

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y0 (m) FIG. 1 AREA OF LAMONG BAY PORT

The ship domain concept and the indices of the distance to the closest point of approach (DCPA) and the time to reach the point (TCPA) have been widely used in collision risk assessment and collision avoidance systems. A quantitative assessment of

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