Urban Expansion and Its Influences on The Suburban Land Use Change in Jakarta Metropolitan Region (J

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Urban Planning and Design Research (UPDR), Volume 3, 2015 www.seipub.org/updr doi: 10.14355/updr.2015.03.002

Urban Expansion and Its Influences on The Suburban Land Use Change in Jakarta Metropolitan Region (JABODETABEK) Ryota Nagasawa*1, Asuka Fukushima2, Lissa Fajri Yayusman3 and Dandy Aditya Novresiandi4 Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4‐101 Koyama Minami, Tottori, 680‐8553, Japan

1, 2

The United Graduate School of Agricutural Sciences, Tottori University, 4‐101 Koyama Minami, Tottori, 680‐ 8553, Japan 3, 4

nagasawa@muses.tottori‐u.ac.jp (Corresponding Author)

*

Abstract The recent urbanization process in emerging countries is entirely different from the process seen in developed countries. In Asia’s emerging countries, urbanization occurs along with fast population growth that follows rapid economic development, and industries and population are centralized into large cities. One typical example of this centralization is seen in the Jakarta Metropolitan Region (JABODETABEK). In this study, the satellite remote sensing images, as well as the existing GIS data, were integrated to generate temporal (2001 and 2009) land use/cover maps which could be used to understand the recent expansion of urban areas and the spatial changes in land use of the suburbs (suburban farmlands). Those are also used to analyze land use with a landscape ecological patch analysis, and to explain land use change from traditional agricultural farmlands to urban areas due to the sprawling phenomenon, which indicates chaotic urban expansion. The result shows that urban land use was rapidly expanded to suburban areas. Agriculture and forest lands were mainly converted into urban land use, and urban and traditional agriculture landscapes were, consequently, extremely mixed. An analysis using landscape metrics also quantitatively revealed that the mixture of land uses and the fragmentation of agricultural landscapes widely existed in the suburban areas at a patch level. Keywords Urbanization; Suburban Areas; Land Use/Cover Change; Landscape Patch; Logistic Regression Analysis; JABODETABEK

Introduction The recent urbanization process in emerging countries is entirely different from the process seen in developed countries. The global urban population rapidly increased from 732 million (29% of the total world population) in 1950 to 3.2 billion (49% of that the total world population) in 2005. According to United Nations, World Urbanization Prospects [12], the world urban population will increase to 4.9 billion (60% of the total world population) by 2030. Of the 25 most populous cities in the world, 17 are located in Asia. In Asia’s emerging countries, urbanization occurs along with fast population growth that follows rapid economic development, and industries and population are centralized into mega‐cities. One characteristic of these mega‐cities is that the urban area with its large population and vast suburban and rural areas expands without definite boundaries [4], [5]. McGee [8] called the recent situation of urbanization in ASEAN countries “mega‐urbanization.” McGee [7] also defined the term of “desa‐kota” (it comes from Indonesian, “desa” means ʺvillageʺ, while “kota” means ʺcityʺ) for characterizing the mixed landscapes of urban and rural village widely seen in the large cities in the Asia (Figure 1). The Jakarta Metropolitan Region called JABODETABEK is composed of the Jakarta special metropolitan district (DKI Jakarta : Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta) and eight surrounding administrative units, and it functions as the center of economic growth in the Republic of Indonesia. Recently, the population has decreased in the central area of the DKI Jakarta, and has rapidly and continuously been increasing in the suburban areas. Urban sprawl into the suburban areas has led to the recognition that it will have adverse effects on the environment and ecology of the

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