Smooth Sailing 9 Text- och aktivitetsbok

Vera Lillrank

Katja Lähde

Schildts & Söderströms

www.sets.fi

Redaktör: Lari Assmuth

Illustrationer: Parvati Pillai

Grafisk formgivning och ombrytning: Hilda Forss

© 2023 Vera Lillrank, Katja Lähde och Schildts & Söderströms

Kopieringsförbud

Det här verket är en lärobok. Verket är skyddat av upphovsrättslagen (404/61).

Det är förbjudet att fotokopiera, skanna eller på annat sätt digitalt kopiera det här verket eller delar av det utan tillstånd. Kontrollera om läroanstalten har gällande licenser för fotokopiering och digitala licenser. Mer information lämnas av Kopiosto rf www.kopiosto.fi.

Det är förbjudet att ändra verket eller delar av det.

Fondernas samarbetsgrupp som består av Svenska kulturfonden, Svenska Folkskolans Vänner, Föreningen Konstsamfundet och Lisi Wahls stiftelse för studieunderstöd har beviljat ekonomiskt stöd för utgivningen av detta läromedel.

Utgiven med stöd av Stiftelsen Finlandssvensk Bokkultur.

ISBN 978-951-52-5948-6

1 upplagan, 1 tryckningen

2023

Så använder du boken

Smooth Sailing är till för dig som läser engelska på årskurs 7–9. I denna avslutande del får du än en gång följa med de bekanta karaktärerna Jake, Jane, Aisha och Alec

I Smooth Sailing 9 får du läsa om medborgaraktivism och musikens roll i samhället samt göra djupdykningar i engelskspråkiga länder runt om i världen: Australien och Nya Zeeland, USA och Kanada samt Sydafrika, Indien och Pakistan.

Bokens struktur är bekant från de tidigare böckerna i serien. Varje unit inleds med en introduktionstext och innehåller två kapitel med texter på tre olika kunskapsnivåer: basic, intermediate och advanced. Uppgifterna i grammatikdelen längst bak i boken följer också dessa tre kunskapsnivåer.

Tanken i Smooth Sailing är att du ska kunna arbeta med texter och uppgifter som är lämpliga för din kunskapsnivå, och samtidigt göra det möjligt att byta nivå då du lär dig mera och blir säkrare i ditt språk.

På samma sätt som i de tidigare böckerna i serien finns det rutor med extrauppgifter. Talk about it-diskussionsuppgifterna är ett sätt att introducera ett nytt ämne och tala om vad man redan känner till. Did you get it?-rutorna innehåller läsförståelsefrågor till introduktionstexterna. Bonusuppgifterna, Let’s do some research och Find out more-rutorna är bekanta från tidigare böcker i serien. Speaking of... avsnitten fokuserar denna gång på specifik vokabulär och uttryck från de länderna som behandlas i texterna.

I Smooth Sailing 9 finns dessutom några nya övningar. I grammatikavsnittet hittar du Feelin’ curious-rutor som ger dig tips om ämnen du självständigt kan läsa mera om eller använda som inspiration för skrivuppgifter. Quiz time-rutorna i grammatikavsnittet innehåller i sin tur små frågesporter.

Välkommen, vi hoppas du kommer att trivas med Smooth Sailing!

Here are our favourite inspirational quotes to help you through the school year.

Alec from Melbourne “Be the change you want to see in the world”

Aishafrom Toronto

–Mahatma Gandhi

“When the whole world is silent, even one voice becomes powerful”

Jane from Oxford

“I am not afraid of storms, for I am learning how to sail my ship”

–Malala Yousafzai

Jake from Seattle

“Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world”–Nelson Mandela

–Louisa May Alcott

And remember that life doesn’t have to be perfect to be wonderful!

1 UNIT Making a Difference

This unit will focus on the topic of society. You will be introduced to vocabulary that is relevant for discussing the environment and human rights. We will also focus on current phenomena like social activism, media and music as a way to influence society and make a difference.

WORDLIST

current - aktuell environment - miljö make a difference - göra skillnad, påverka society - samhälle

Sharing and Caring

The environment and our planet are important for all of us. At this point in time, one can’t avoid the fact that global warming and extreme weather are urgent topics we need to deal with. Taking care of nature and coming up with sustainable solutions are something that many people have become involved in. Some by doing things in their everyday lives and others through environmental organisations such as Greenpeace and WWF. A lot of people also actively promote animal rights since animals are not able to speak up for themselves.

The history of human rights is long, complicated and interesting. These are rights that everyone is entitled to regardless of skin colour, gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion or where they live. Many have fought fiercely and sometimes paid with their lives for the rights and freedoms we take for granted today. Suffragettes were imprisoned for demanding that women should be allowed to vote, and Nelson Mandela spent 27 years in prison for defending the rights of black South Africans.

Today with social media, activism and protests can spread further than before, and social movements gather more supporters more quickly. Just think about how fast the #MeToo and #BlackLivesMatter movements spread and shook society.

These issues are often promoted by non-governmental organisations, also called NGOs. They are independent, non-profit organisations that are not tied to any government.

WORDLIST

entitled to - berättigad till, ha rätt till environment - miljö environmental organisations

- miljöorganisationer everyday life - vardag fiercely - våldsamt further - längre, vidare gender - kön global warming - global uppvärmning

imprisoned - fängslad movements - rörelser non-profit - ideell förening som inte ska gå på vinst promote - främja, lyfta fram regardless - oavsett sexual orientation - sexuell läggning sustainable solutions - hållbara lösningar take for granted - ta för givet

ENVIRONMENTAL VOCABULARY

Eco-vocabulary. Match the English words from the box with their Swedish equivalent.

biologisk mångfald

koldioxid

klimatförändring

utsläpp

rättvis handel

global uppvärmning

växthusgaser

växtgift/bekämpningsmedel

förorening

återvinning

återvinna

förnybar energi

återanvända

solpaneler

hållbar utveckling

sustainable development

fair trade

climate change

renewable energy

global warming

greenhouse gases

recycle

emission

pollution

recycling

biodiversity

carbon dioxide

pesticide

solar panels

reuse

HUMAN RIGHTS VOCABULARY

Combine the English words from the box with the correct Swedish word

yttrandefrihet

religionsfrihet

rätt till liv

rätt till en rättvis rättegång

tankefrihet

samvetsfrihet

rörelsefrihet

pressfrihet

freedom of conscience

freedom of speech

freedom of religion

freedom of thought

freedom of movement

right to life

freedom of the press

right to a fair trial

CHANCE FOR A MINI PRESENTATION!

Find out about a non-governmental organisation.

Form groups and choose a non-governmental organisation to present to your classmates. Examples of organisations you could present are: PETA, Animal Liberation Front, Habitat for Humanity, Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, Doctors Without Borders, Save the Children, UNICEF, Greenpeace …

TALK A B OUTIT

Work in pairs and discuss the following questions.

1. What are your top 3 tips for helping the environment?

2. What environmental organisations do you know of?

3. What do you think is the most important human right and why?

4. Are human rights respected in your country?

5. Have you engaged in social activism online? If yes, how?

6. What are some of the pros and cons of social activism online?

Let’s meet some legends!

Jane Goodall

Jane Goodall was born in England in 1934. Already as a child, she fell in love with Africa thanks to Tarzan and Doctor Doolittle books. She had also always loved animals and enjoyed the outdoors. During a visit to Kenya, she met an anthropologist who asked her to help establish a camp in Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania to study the behaviour of chimpanzees. Goodall's work has helped redefine how we look at what it means to be human and how behavioural studies are done. By observing the chimpanzees, she discovered that they are omnivores, use tools and are able to make tools. Previously, it had been thought that they were herbivores, and toolmaking had been seen as something only humans did. Goodall also pointed out that chimpanzees had emotions and personalities and gave them names instead of just numbers.

David Attenborough

David Attenborough was born in 1926 in England. He worked as a producer for the BBC. With a keen interest in natural history and anthropology, he has become best known for his narration of nature documentaries like The Living Planet and The Life of Mammals. He has received numerous awards for his work, and many recognise his voice that conveys a love for nature and animals as well as a passion for what he does. Lately, Attenborough has become more and more vocal in talking about the future of the environment, and the impact of humans and climate change on the life of our planet.

Ken Saro-Wiwa

Ken Saro-Wiwa was born in 1941 in Nigeria and a member of the Ogoni people. He was an environmental and human rights activist. He campaigned against Shell Oil because the company was destroying the land of the Ogoni people to get access to Nigerian oil. Saro-Wiwa campaigned for the rights of the people to proper compensation for the damages and demanded that the oil companies

should repair the damage they caused to the environment. He also criticised the Nigerian government for its treatment of the Ogoni people when it seized their lands. He was executed by the government in 1995 after a widely criticised trial, but his legacy lives on.

Severn Cullis-Suzuki

Before Greta Thunberg became famous, there was Severn Cullis-Suzuki. She is a Canadian environmental activist who started a group for teaching children about the environment at the age of 9. In 1992, when she was 12, she spoke at the UN Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. She and a few others had saved up the money for the trip and had the chance to make their voices heard. CullisSuzuki’s speech was a plea for the grown-ups to take responsibility for their actions and included the statement: “Even when we have more than enough we are afraid to share; we are afraid to let go of some of our wealth..” She became known as the girl who silenced the world for five minutes. Although some important decisions were taken at that summit, there is still a lot to be done. However, Severn Cullis-Suzuki remains optimistic that people are capable of change and points out that the environment, nature and animals are resilient as long as we humans do our best to help them.

Everyone’s Environment

JAKE FROM SEATTLE

I was out for a walk with our Labrador retriever, Cake. Yes, the name is a combination of Claire and Jake, which was Claire's witty idea. It is a rescue dog that we got two years ago, and it is the kindest and cutest dog I know. It took a while for Cake to adjust to us, but now she is extremely loyal and protective of us.

I was glad that we had a rescue dog because I had been upset about the treatment of the dogs in the book The Call of the Wild. The local animal shelter had organized some demonstrations against animal cruelty that Tyrone and I had joined. It was from that animal shelter that we had gotten Cake.

My thoughts were interrupted when Cake started pulling on her leash. She was going for a cigarette butt that someone had thrown on the ground, but luckily I managed to pull her away at the last minute. I sighed with relief because cigarette butts are lethal, especially for dogs to eat. My aunt, who was a member of Greenpeace, would be furious at people treating the environment like that.

When we returned home from our walk, Claire and Mom were watching a documentary by David Attenborough. I love his programs because he has such a soothing voice. It always feels so hopeful to watch the animals in their natural habitat. It motivates me to try and do my best to protect our environment.

WORDLIST

adjust - anpassa sig

animal cruelty - djurplågeri

animal shelter - djurhem cigarette butt - cigarett fimp

environment - miljö, omgivning

furious - rasande

hopeful - hoppingivande

leash - koppel

lethal - dödlig

natural habitat - naturlig livsmiljö

protective - beskyddande return - återvända, komma tillbaka

soothing - lugnande witty - vitsig, finurlig

What can you do?

Jake’s tips for concrete things to do to help the environment!

1. Recycle waste.

3. Buy from thrift stores and second-hand shops.

5. Buy food produced locally or close to you.

2. Always throw your trash in a trash can.

Add your own tips

4. Save electricity by turning off lights in rooms you are not in.

6. Favor vegetarian or vegan alternatives.

EXERCISE 1

a) Explain the words in English.

1. leash

2. lethal

3. return

b) Fill in the gaps.

1. Have you seen the famous movies (dödligt) Weapon and the Fast and the (rasande)?

2. Twinkle Twinkle Little Star was one of (de mest lugnande) lullabies Dad sang to the kids.

3. To strictly control someone is to have them on a short (koppel).

4. Animals in captivity are not living in their (naturliga livsmiljö).

5. Steve in Stranger Things became very (beskyddande) of the younger kids.

c) Fill in the correct preposition.

TO OF FOR WITH FOR

1. Kryptonite is almost lethal Superman to touch.

2. Have Roger and Anita gone a walk Pongo and Perdita?

3. Molly and Arthur Weasley have always been very protective their kids.

4. It can take a while to adjust the cold climate in Finland.

d) Find the synonym in the text.

1. since

2. enraged

3. break off

4. deadly

5. natural surroundings

6. look after

1. Den nya eleven anpassade sig snabbt till vår klass.

2. Harriets morbror har varit medlem i Greenpeace i tio år.

3. Gör inte djurplågeri dig också rasande?

4. Lois Lane kommer att sucka av lättnad då hon får veta att skadan inte var dödlig.

1. It is the kindest and cutest dog I know.

2. When we returned home from our walk, Claire and Mom were watching a documentary.

Cheers for Charity

JANE FROM OXFORD

When we visited London last year, Diego and I found some absolutely lovely charity shops for the British Red Cross and British Heart Foundation. We also spotted an Oxfam bookshop with a wide variety of absolute gems. So naturally I was thrilled when my grandmother asked me to help her volunteer at the Amnesty Bookshop in Edinburgh during our visit there. I was looking forward to the opportunity to check out some books and contribute to both a charitable organisation and a good cause at the same time.

When we stepped into the shop, we were greeted by a friendly lad who was working behind the counter. His name tag said that his name was Garry. He told us that if we wanted a cup of tea before we started, we were welcome to help ourselves to some in the back room. After a refreshing cup of tea, Garry asked us to shelve some of the donated books he had already registered for sale.

I was in book heaven and I was happy to chat with a few customers and help them find interesting books. Most of them also donated a few pounds to the collection box by the counter. When I commented on this, Garry thought for a while and then said that, in his experience, people are often generous and ready to help those in need. My grandmother, who had overheard our conversation, agreed.

I thought it was a very optimistic view for someone who worked for an organisation that exposes human rights violations. But then again, they would also get to see the best side of people who were willing to do their best to help and contribute to a better, safer society. Then our talk turned to hate speech and all the horrible things people say, especially

WORDLIST

appeal to - vädja till awful - hemsk cause - (här) ändamål charitable organisation - välgörenhetsorganisation charity - välgörenhet, välgörenhetscollection box - insamlingsbössa contribute - bidra till counter - disk customer - kund drawer - låda, byrålåda expose - avslöja frustrating - frustrerande gem - dyrgrip, pärla, juvel generous - generös, givmild hate speech - hatprat horrible - fruktansvärd human rights violations - brott mot mänskliga rättigheter

lovely - härlig, underbar mischief - bus opportunity - möjlighet, tillfälle

overhear - råka höra refreshing - uppfriskande spot - (här) få syn på thrilled - bli jätte glad twinkle - tindra, glittra variety - mängd

on social media. This topic really riled me up because it is so frustrating trying to argue with those who say awful things and then appeal to their freedom of speech. This made Garry smile, and his eyes twinkled with mischief. “Hold on, I think I have just the thing for you” he chuckled. And then he dug around in one of the drawers behind the counter and handed me a fridge magnet. I looked at it and burst out laughing. It said, “Freedom of speech does not give you freedom from consequences of saying offensive things!”

Amnesty International

Amnesty International was founded in 1961 by the British lawyer Peter Benenson because he wanted to help prisoners of conscience.* Today Amnesty exposes and draws attention to human rights violations all over the world and organises letter-writing campaigns to put pressure on governments to respect human rights and free prisoners of conscience. The organisation has also carried out campaigns against torture and domestic violence.

The Red Cross

The Red Cross was founded by the Swiss businessman Henry Dunant in 1863. He had been upset by what he saw after the Battle of Solferino in 1859: wounded soldiers on both sides who needed help. He wanted to start an organisation that would help everyone who needed help regardless of who they are or where they come from. His goal was to relieve and lessen human suffering. The Red Cross works to bring help to those who need it, for example, after a natural disaster, or to provide medical care in areas suffering from a crisis.

* Samvetsfångar. Människor som inte förespråkat eller använt våld och fängslats på grund av sin åsikt, hudfärg, sexuella läggning, språk eller hudfärg

EXERCISE 2

a) Fill in the blanks.

1. Hermione (råkade höra) the Weasley twins making plans to cause chaos, and their eyes (tindrade, glittrade) with (bus).

2. Will the Green Goblin take every (tillfälle) to take a (fruktansvärd) revenge on Spider-Man?

3. What (underbar) day it is, let’s take (en uppfriskande) stroll in the park.

4. A lot of (brott mot mänskliga rättigheter)

5. Monica (blev jätteglad) when she finally got the job as head chef.

6. The students had behaved well and been absolute (juveler).

b) Explain the following words in English.

1. hate speech

2. generous

3. customer

4. opportunity

c) Find the expressions in the text..

1. Ta för oss

2. Bidra till ett gott ändamål

3. Verkligen reta upp / förarga någon

(har aldrig blivit avslöjade)

d) Look up the UNHCR articles of children’s rights and pick out the three that you think are the most important.

1. Den generösa kunden donerade till välgörande ändamål.

2. Hade hon redan fått syn på sina vänner utanför kaféet?

3. Tog du mina dyrgripar från lådan förra veckan?

4. Eowyn var frustrerad över att nästan missa möjligheten att rida ut i strid.

5. Många välgörenhetsorganisationer har bidragit till att hjälpa offer för krig.

1. Amnesty International's poster will appeal to people’s sense of justice, don’t you think?

2. Why do you think so many people feel the need to say such awful things on social media?

3. He dug around in one of the drawers behind the counter and handed me a fridge magnet.

Girls Just Wanna Have Fun(damental rights)

AISHA FROM TORONTO

I had just finished the YA novel Moxie by Jennifer Mathieu, and it was inspirational. Our school librarian, Miss Austen, had recommended it to me when I was looking for a book to write my book report on. It was about Vivian Carter, who finds out that her mom had been a Riot Grrrl in the 1990s and listened to the feminist punk band Bikini Kill. This inspires Viv to take a stand against the sexism and harassment in her school. She soon finds that many girls and some boys support her cause and join her in trying to make a difference.

Even Seth, the guy she has a crush on, is willing to support her and learn more about what he can do to help. But the main focus is on her friendships, old and new, and how they stand up for and support each other. It really reminded me of my friends Katherine, Emily, Sharon and my twin sister Maryam.

After some more browsing on YouTube I stumbled on the song Girls Just Wanna Have Fun by Cindy Lauper. I was astounded by how much the lyrics struck a chord with me. It was about a girl who wants to live her life and walk in the sun without being judged or told how to live her life. After jamming around to the catchy tunes, I continued to roam around the internet. I loved that the song addressed the fact that girls, and sometimes teenagers in general, are often belittled and looked down upon.

WORDLIST

address - (här) ta upp/behandla astounded - förbluffad belittle - förringa, nedvärdera browsing - (här) leta igenom catchy - medryckande cause - (här) sak

counterargument

- motargument

counter strategy - motstrategi harassment - trakasserier

inspirational - inspirerande

jam - jamma, dansa

jot down - krafsa ner librarian - bibliotekarie mention - nämna

roam - ströva, vandra omkring ruler techniques

- härskartekniker

stumble - snubbla

useful - nyttig

widely used - utbrett, ofta använt

Y(oung) A(dult) novel - ungdomsroman

That reminded me that our debate coach, Mr. Rosenbaum had mentioned something about the 7 ruler techniques* during our last debate team meeting. Belittlement was one of them and quite widely used. I found some very useful sites which presented the ruler techniques and introduced some good counter strategies as well. I jotted down some notes so that we could discuss this at our next debate meeting and practise, some counterarguments

This was also a topic I wanted to share and discuss with Katherine, Emily, Sharon and Maryam. I absolutely could not wait to hear their views on the subject.

* ett annat begrepp på engelska är också “master suppression techniques” vilket lyfter fram att det är frågan om ett sätt att försöka förtrycka (suppress) någon.

EXERCISE 3

a) Fill in the blanks.

1. (bibliotekarien) quickly (krafsade ner) the name of the author on a note and handed it to me.

2. Soy is (ofta använt) as a substitute for meat.

3. Cinderella was often (nedvärderad) by her stepmother and stepsisters.

4. Rome (har förbluffat) many tourists with its beauty.

5. Sherlock Holmes asked if Dr Watson (hade snubblat) across some (nyttiga) clues regarding the case.

6. The president's New Year’s speech (kommer att behandla) current events and important values.

b) Explain the following words in English.

1. inspirational

2. roam

3. useful

4. harassment

c) Fill in the phrasal verbs with STAND

ASIDE DOWN UP BACK BY OUT FOR

1. stand

2. stand

3. stand

4. stand

5. stand

6. stand

7. stand

= to be ready or available (at any moment)

= to be extraordinary and different

= not arrive at an arranged meeting

= to keep a safe distance, not get involved

= to step out of the way

= to tolerate

= to let someone else take over

TILL SVENSKA

d) Use phrasal verbs from exercise c) to fill in the blanks.

1. Wow, that dress is beautiful! It really from the others.

2. The doctor on emergency duty was on in case she would need to come in and help.

3. If you don’t disrespectful behaviour, you should treat others with respect.

4. The prime minister refused to despite the scandals.

e) Find the synonym/expression in the text.

1. purpose

2. look through

3. make an impression

4. quickly write down

1. Viv ville ta ställning mot trakasserier.

2. Inspirerande citat har blivit mer och mer populära på till exempel häften och penaler.

3. Hur många ungdomsromaner skrivna av Sandhya Menon har du läst?

4. Det förbluffar mig att människor kan vara så elaka och trakasserar varandra på sociala medier.

5. Skolans debattlag hade övat noga på motargumenten inför tävlingen.

6. Den medryckande melodin handlade om en tjej som bara ville leva sitt liv och promenera i solen utan att bli dömd elle tillsagd hur hon hon borde leva sitt liv.

1. The superheroes had fought together for a common cause.

2. What are topics that you would like to share and discuss with friends and hear their views on?

3. I found some very useful sites which presented the ruler techniques and intro duced some good counter strategies as well.

4. Our school librarian, Miss Austen, had recommended the first Percy Jackson book to me when I was looking for a book to write my book report on.

THE SEVEN RULER TECHNIQUES, DE SJU HÄRSKARTEKNIKERNA

Based on the research by Berit Ås.

Technique Example

Making invisible

Ridicule

Withholding information

Double punishment

“Damned if you do, damned if you don’t”

Blame and shame

Ignoring and/or interrupting a classmate or taking credit for what the other person has just said or done in a group project.

To make fun of someone for their traits, looks, clothes, way of speaking, origin or culture or tell them that they are cute when they are angry.

Not telling someone important information that they need to know (for example, what the homework is or not adding someone to a class WhatsApp group).

No matter what you do, it is wrong.

For example, to make fun of someone’s worn out shoes and if they buy new shoes, you say they look ridiculous as well or are the wrong brand.

To embarrass someone or make them feel guilty for something they shouldn’t have to feel guilty about. Insinuating that they are to blame for the situation.

For example, saying that a victim of harassment should not have dressed so provocatively.

Objectifying Focusing on how someone looks instead of the real topic. Or focusing on HOW something is said instead of WHAT is said.

For example, to say “I can’t focus on what you say because your T-shirt is distracting.”

Threat and threat of violence

Threatening someone with punishment if they do not do what you want them to do or using the threat of a non-existent danger to get your way.

For example: “If you don’t do this, I will kick your ass”

COUNTER STRATEGIES

Voice what is happening

“Excuse me, but I made the same suggestion literally a few minutes ago.”

Question it and demand openness

“It feels like you're ignoring my suggestion. Why is that?”

Make others aware of what is happening

“So you are trying to blame me for a mistake that you made.”

Bring the focus back to what you were discussing

“So apart from that unnecessary comment about my voice, what do you think we should do to address the problem?”

Put the blame back where it belongs

“I will not take responsibility because you cannot control yourself”.

Ask someone you trust for help and support

“This all sounds very different from what we all previously agreed on, don’t you agree Janice?”

Speaking of …

LANGUAGE AND POWER

Language can be a powerful way to influence or even manipulate people. It can be used to make them feel a certain way, make associations and influence the choices they make. Here are some examples of the power of the language we use.

Choice of words

The words you choose to use can have a huge impact on the message you send. For example, compare these two ways of asking if someone wants more tea: You don’t want another cup of tea, do you? Would you like another cup of tea? Which one sounds like a genuine offer and like you actually have a choice?

If you have a friend over and want to know their timetable you could ask: When are you leaving? or How much time do we have before you have to go?

Which one sounds like you look forward to spending time with your friend and how does the other one make you feel?

How you talk about something using language to reduce the seriousness of what is being said. This is called mitigation. Sometimes you can choose words to try and downplay what you are actually talking about, so people won’t be so upset by what you are actually saying.

Compare the following word pairs and see which one makes you react more strongly: famine - low food security short - vertically challenged war - conflict / special operation lie - alternative facts

Speaking of …

Generalisation, assertion and presenting opinions as facts

Phrases like We all know… or Everyone knows… easily make the listener feel like they have missed something that everyone else is in on. They can also be used to make the listener feel included and less likely to give a different opinion. How many times have you used the generalising phrases everyone else is allowed to… or everyone else is going… to try and get your way?

In English you can assert your power by using formal language

In the USA and in the UK it is extremely important to use formal language to show politeness. You must also use formal language towards your elders and people you don’t know as a sign of respect.

Some examples are Good morning Sir / Madam when greeting someone of higher rank and using Good morning, Mr / Mrs / Miss until they have given you permission to use their first name.

You can also use formal language to try to save face and tell someone off. For example, if someone calls you cranky-pants, you can retort: That’s MISS cranky-pants to you!

Can you think about other examples of how, where and when language can be used to assert power or to try to influence others?

Irregular verbs for everyone

1. The false allegations ____________ seriously ________________ (har skadat) my reputation.

2. I’m sure I ________________ (gjorde) the right thing when I went to the police.

3. Never having ________________ (varit) in that situation herself, she ____________________ (var inte) very supportive.

4. Principal Skinner ______________________ (kan) the name of every student in the school.

5. I think I _______________ accidentally ____________________ (har söndrat) your pencil.

6. As she _____________________ (kom) towards me, I could tell she was upset.

7. We ______________________ (blev) bored of city life and decided to move to the countryside.

8. Why ___________ you ____________________ (valde) to study abroad when you could’ve gotten your degree at the local university as well?

Meet My Family 2

When Music Matters

Music has the ability to move people deeply. It has always been used to tell stories, talk about feelings and pass on knowledge and wisdom through generations. It has been used to criticise injustices in society and to protest. In short, it has the ability to change the world.

During the time of slavery in the USA, slaves would use songs to give coded messages and instructions to each other. For example, the song Wade in the Water was used to give instructions on how to make it harder for dogs to follow your scent during an escape. The famous spiritual Swing Low Sweet Chariot is thought to be a message for slaves to prepare for “a band of angels” meaning helpers “coming for to carry me home” coming to help them escape to freedom.

American folk music has its roots in this tradition of storytelling and protest songs. Influenced by Native American music and musicians, like Mildred Bailey, whose phrasing style of singing blues and jazz during the 1930’s was inspired by her Native American roots. These genres, as well as rock ‘n’ roll, developed their own specific sounds often with African American musicians such as Chuck Berry and Jimi Hendrix at the forefront of the new styles.

The 1960s and 1970s brought along a lot of famous rock ‘n’ roll poets who wanted to change the world with their lyrics and used their music as a way to criticise society and protest against

war. It is said that rock shaped the Vietnam War and the war shaped the music. Singers like Bob Dylan, Joan Baez, Janis Joplin, Patti Smith, Neil Young and Joni Mitchell, with their hauntingly beautiful voices and soulful lyrics, told personal stories and raised their voices to change the world. Because, as the lead singer of Rage Against the Machine, Zach de la Rocha, said in an interview for Juice Magazine on October 6th 2007: “Music has the power to cross borders, to break military sieges and to establish real dialogue.”

Even today music is used to make a difference and talk about issues like mental health, criticise beauty standards and call out racist structures in society.

WORDLIST

ability - förmåga

beauty standards

- skönhetsideal

deeply - djupt

hauntingly - gripande, fängslande

lyrics - låttext

mental health - mental hälsa

pass on - ge vidare, förmedla

scent - doft

shape - forma

society - samhälle

soulful - själfull, djupsinnig

DID YOU GET IT?

Answer the following questions to the introduction text to check that you have understood.

1. How has music been used?

2. What role did spirituals play among slaves?

3. What are the roots of American folk music?

4. What did the rock ’n’ roll poets use their music for?

5. What can music be used for in today’s society?

Let’s meet some legends!

BOB DYLAN

Bob Dylan, originally named Robert Zimmerman, was born on May 24, 1941 in Minnesota. He is one of the most influential musicians alive and continues to be an inspiration to many. When he was starting out, Dylan was inspired by folk musician Woody Guthrie and the way he used his voice. Later, Dylan turned from folk music to folk rock and rock. He is remarkable because of the way he used lyrics, the rhythm of the music and voice to tell a story.

Dylan is well-read in classics, mythology and religion and uses references to them in his lyrics. Many of his songs have a strong anti-war sentiment, such as the classic “Blowin’ in the Wind”, and in the 1990s the rock band Guns N' Roses made a popular cover version of his

“Knockin’ on Heaven’s Door”. Dylan’s song “The Times They Are AChangin'” talks about topics that are still relevant today, like how quickly things can change and that parents should also try to understand their children. With his music, Bob Dylan pushed the boundaries and blended many musical genres, something that made him both criticised and praised. In 2016 his work as a rock poet was recognised when he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.

Soundtrack of My Life

Make a soundtrack of your life. You can choose songs for a mood (happy, sad, in need of encouragement), a certain holiday (Christmas, birthday), as an inspirational song for your training or to keep you entertained on a car ride, for example. Briefly explain why the songs are on the list.

Song number 1:

Song number 2:

DOLLY PARTON

Born in Tennessee on January 19, 1946 Dolly Parton has become one of the most famous and well-known country music legends of all time. Starting from humble origins, she has stayed true to her dreams and values, which is evidenced by her engagement in numerous charitable causes. One of these is a project called Dolly Parton’s Imagination Library, where she helps local communities fund books that are gifted to children to increase their love of reading. Her company, the Dollywood Company, hosts several theme parks and helps fund education and relief for poverty in the area where she grew up “dirt poor”, as she has said herself.

Since launching her musical career in the late 1960s, Dolly Parton has won numerous awards, including 11 Grammys and is part of the Country Music Hall of Fame. Some of her most famous songs are I Will Always Love You, made even more famous by Whitney Houston in the 1992 movie

Bodyguard, and Jolene. The latter she has performed with her goddaughter Miley Cyrus.

Dolly Parton’s songs also deal with serious issues, like 9 to 5, which is about unfair conditions for women in the workplace. It was also the theme song for a movie with the same name, in which Parton herself starred. One of her iconic songs, Dumb Blonde, was written for her by Curly Putnam in 1966, and it features the fitting lyrics “this dumb blonde ain’t nobody’s fool.” And time and time again, Dolly has proven that she really is savvy, kind, generous and absolutely nobody’s fool.

Song number 3:

Song number 4:

Song number 5:

Right in the Feels

JAKE FROM SEATTLE

Jake, Tyrone and Elena are in Jake’s room listening to music. They are working on a group project for their music class. The task is to present and analyze three songs for the class and talk about the lyrics and their meaning.

Jake: Okay, maybe we should start by checking which songs we have come up with and then choose three from those. How does that sound?

Tyrone: Sure, that sounds like a plan.

Elena: Yup, cool. Why don’t you go first Jake, and we’ll go from there?

Jake: Okey-dokey. So, I have two options that I can’t choose between. They are about mental health and life in general, I guess. The first one is “My Sanity” by

Bad Religion. It speaks to me because I think it is about trying to hold on to your sanity in a world that you feel is going crazy. It also mentions alternative facts sneaking in, which could be criticism of social media and how you can publish anything there. It’s becoming harder to see the difference between fact and fiction. The second one is “In the Ghetto” by Elvis Presley.

Tyrone: Oooh, that’s a good one about poverty and ghetto life. It actually touches on one of the songs I thought about: “Changes” by 2Pac. That’s another song about being poor and trying to make it in the ghetto. It touches on the hopelessness, racism and the feeling that things will never change. My second option is “Glory” from the movie Selma . It is about Martin Luther King’s march across the bridge in Selma and it is sung by John Legend and Common.

Elena: That’s the song they won an Oscar for, right? My big sister saw it and said that many people in the audience cried. I really love “Don’t Let Me Get Me“ by Pink. It is a powerful song about the crazy beauty standards in our society. It also talks about mental health and feeling uncomfortable in your own skin. So it might relate to your choice of “My Sanity” , Jake. The second one I like is a real power song, it’s Rachel Platten’s “Fight Song” . I think it connects to both your song choices because it is about getting back control of your life and how you can power through difficult times.

Jake: Wow, it is going to be really difficult to narrow it down to just three songs.

Tyrone: Maybe we should listen through all of them and then make the decision?

Elena: Great idea! Turn up the volume so we can swing to them.

Jake: Yeah! And maybe we can find songs with a common theme that complement each other?

Tyrone: Good thinking! Ready? Let’s go!

WORDLIST

audience - publik

beauty standards - skönhetsideal, skönhetsstandarder

common theme - gemensamt tema

complement - komplettera connect - anknyta till crazy - galen, tokig

criticism - kritik decision - beslut

fact and fiction - fakta och fiktion (påhitt)

ghetto - getto

hopelessness - hopplöshet mental health - mental hälsa

option - alternativ poor - fattig

poverty - fattigdom sanity - förstånd sneak - smyga sig society - samhälle swing - (här) dansa, svänga task - uppgift uncomfortable - obekväm

EXERCISE

a) Help Jake, Tyrone and Elena. Listen to the 6 songs mentioned in the text. Which 3 do you think they should choose and why?

b) Explain the words in English.

1. audience

2. task

3. beauty standards

c) Fill in the gaps.

1. The burglar (hade smugit sig) out of the house before anyone noticed.

2. The government has promised to do something about (fattigdom).

3. If you are struggling with your (mentala hälsa) it is important to be kind and patient with yourself.

4. Ben and Jerry’s ice cream has many delicious (alternativ) to choose from.

5. The controversial social media celebrity has faced a lot of (kritik).

d) Find the expressions in the text.

1. komma på

2. hålla på att bli galen

3. ta tillbaka kontrollen

4. ta sig igenom svåra omständigheter

5. begränsa

6. skruva upp volymen

Songs On Fire

JANE FROM OXFORD

Dad was making scrambled eggs for breakfast, and I rubbed my sleepy eyes and grunted as I sat down on the kitchen chair. “Tumble out of bed and stumble to the kitchen. Pour myself a cup of ambition and yawn and stretch and try to come to life…” Dad sang when he saw me yawning and stretching. Mom came into the kitchen and grabbed a cup of coffee and they both belted out the refrain “Workin’ 9 to 5 what a way to make a livin’...”

Charlie and I groaned but secretly thought they were adorable. The Dolly Parton song was their favourite motivational song and go-to, when they thought Charlie and I were complaining too much about school. And it did have quite a catchy rhythm. When we were done with breakfast, I went to my room to get ready. I put on my radio and was happy when they played Meghan Trainor’s Me Too. I couldn’t help but dance to the upbeat tune and message of self-appreciation and self-love. I sang along to “I thank God every day that I woke up feelin’ this way and I can’t help loving myself” top of my lungs

Charlie banged on my door to let me know he was ready to ride to school. Just to annoy him, I turned up the volume and opened the door singing along to Megan: “If I was you, I’d wanna be me too …” Charlie rolled his eyes, shook his head and let me know that he was going downstairs. Finally, in the car, Mom turned on the radio and the ultimate power song blasted from the speakers Keys’ ”Girl on Fire”. Could the day start any better?!

I know I felt empowered and ready to take on the world.

WORDLIST

adorable - (här) gullig, bedårande, förtjusande annoy - reta, irritera appreciation - uppskattning at the top of one’s lungs - för full hals belt out - vråla ut, sjunga högt catchy - medryckande empowered - stärkt, självständig och stark groan - stöna grunt - klaga, knorra, grymta speaker - högtalare roll one’s eyes - himla med ögonen scrambled eggs - äggröra upbeat - glad, optimistisk

a) Fill in the blanks.

1. Opera singers, Kiri Te Kanawa and Placido Domingo (sjöng högt) the arias.

2. Does a full English breakfast always include (äggröra)?

3. Feeling (stärkt) Janet walked into her boss’s office and asked for a raise.

4. Please accept this small gift as a token of my (uppskattning).

5. Stewie yelled (för full hals) when he didn’t get what they wanted.

6. Penny (stönade) when Sheldon gave her another lecture on the difference between Star Wars and Star Trek.

b) Explain the following words in English.

1. upbeat

2. belt out

3. speaker

4. adorable

c) Fill in the correct preposition.

1. What do you usually have breakfast?

2. The manager asked what the customer had complained .

3. When Mike was done his homework, he sat down to watch a movie.

4. Johnny and Jason were swinging a catchy tune.

The Power of Peace

ALEC FROM MELBOURNE

Ever since my visit to Belfast I have been fascinated by the power of music to change society. Especially music and lyrics written to protest against war. I asked our music teacher if it was okay for me to do my presentation about music for peace, and she was thrilled by the idea and even gave me some tips on songs to have a look at.

Buffy Sainte-Marie’s hauntingly beautiful rendition of Universal Soldier left me absolutely stunned. Donovan's cover of it was also beautiful, especially with a well-made video with pictures of atrocities during war. I was really touched by the lyrics about there being soldiers in every country, every ideology and every religion and what an impact it would make if they all refused to fight each other.

My dad, Duncan, must have heard the music blaring from my room because he knocked on my door and wanted to know what was going on. When I told him about my presentation, he claimed that it would not be complete without the iconic Born in the USA by Bruce Springsteen. Crikey, what a rocking piece of music! The verses told a story about the gruelling reality of a Vietnam War veteran, and the refrain just added to the irony of how they were treated. It felt vaguely familiar, and then I realised that it reminded me of the movie Rambo. He was also a disillusioned Vietnam veteran trying to find his way after the war.

Inspired by my visit to the Beatles shop in London last year, I decided to end my presentation with the mother of all anti-war songs: Imagine by John Lennon. A powerful plea for us to imagine a better world with acceptance and a sense of belonging together, instead of hate over seemingly irreconcilable differences. I guess the world could use a few more dreamers who could help promote the power of peace.

WORDLIST

acceptance - acceptans, godkännande atrocity - grymhet blare - skrälla claim - påstå complete - fullständig cover - (här) version disillusioned - desillusionerad gruelling - knäckande, ansträngande, utmattande hauntingly - gripande, fängslande impact - inverkan irreconcilable - oförsonlig, oförenlig plea - vädjan promote - främja, föra fram refrain - refräng refuse - vägra rendition - tolkning, återgivande seemingly - tillsynes, skenbart stunned - förbluffad thrilled - bli jätteglad vaguely - vagt

a) Fill in the blanks.

1. A girl in my class (vagt) resembles Mona Lisa.

2. The literary agent (förde fram) the bestselling author’s latest novel at the bookfair.

3. The Baseballs have made some wonderful (versioner) of famous songs in the style of 1950’s rock 'n' roll.

4. Many young soldiers were shocked by (grymheterna) they witnessed in the Vietnam War.

5. Climbing Mount Everest must have been a (utmattande, ansträngande) task for Edmund Hillary.

6. Jane (skrällde) the car stereo of her old Cadillac.

b) Look up 3 other songs, not mentioned in the text, that protest war.

1. What war are they about?

2. Do the lyrics have something in common?

3. From whose perspective (soldier, veteran, someone waiting at home…) are they written?

c) Explain the following words in English.

1. thrilled

2. vaguely

3. atrocity

4. refrain

d) Fill in the phrasal verbs with COME.

ACROSS ALONG APART BACK OVER AROUND

1. come = to visit

2. come = to return

3. come = to appear or seem to be something

4. come = break, separate

5. come = to accompany

6. come = change one’s opinion, finally accept someone’s way of thinking

e) Find the synonym/expression in the text.

1. legendary

2. terrible things

3. in particular

4. feeling that you are part of something

BONUS for everyone!

Translation challenge for everyone.

Find a song in English and translate it into Swedish. Remember to keep the language fluent and beautiful. Do not just translate word for word, but pay attention to the emotion and meaning of the lyrics.

Analyse a song that is critical of society. Se lärarmaterialet.

Speaking of …

THE MUSICALITY OF LANGUAGE & TONGUE-TWISTERS

The English language has many fascinating elements that make it sound beautiful and almost musical. This is used by poets, authors and songwriters to play with the language and the different ways to use it. Some examples are:

Alliteration (repeating the first sounds of the words), for example, icy Icelandic ice-cream Rhymes (ending with the same sound), for example, love, dove and above

Onomatopoeic words (words imitating the sound of what it describes), for example, pow, poof and boom Homophones (words that are different but sound alike), for example, which and witch

What are your top 3

Most beautiful words in English.

Funniest words in English.

How many words that rhyme with the following words can you come up with?

candy cat night

Now some tongue-twisters to practise

Most tongue-twisters use alliteration, rhymes or homophones to make it a real challenge to pronounce the words quickly. Here are some for you to practise, but first:

• Read through the sentences

• Make sure you understand all the words and what the sentence means

• Pronounce the words and read the sentences out loud slowly

• Now increase your speed and have fun with the tongue-twisters

If two witches would watch two watches, which witch would watch which watch?

How much wood would a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood?

He would chuck, he would, as much as he could, and chuck as much wood as a woodchuck would if a woodchuck could chuck wood.

She sells seashells by the seashore.

Fred fed Ted bread, and Ted fed Fred bread.

Drew Dodd’s dad’s dog’s dead.

The thirty-three thieves thought that they thrilled the throne throughout Thursday.

I wish to wish the wish you wish to wish, but if you wish the wish the witch wishes, I won’t wish the wish you wish to wish.

Time to get creative!

Check out some epic rap battles on YouTube, for example, Hermione vs Katniss or Galadriel vs Princess Leia, to get inspiration and write one of your own. The point is to have two characters trying to outwit one another by using creative language, like rhymes and puns.

Irregular verbs for everyone

såga

1. Old Mr Fletcher ____________________________ (sågade) the boards intended for the ramp in half.

2. I _______________________ (lade) aside my sudoku and went to answer the door.

3. I love the smell of freshly ______________________ (klippt) grass.

4. Lucky Luke mounted his horse and ______________________ (red) off in the sunset.

5. She decided to _________________________(lämna, överge) her career in business for environmental work.

6. Despite friendly advice from his family, he ___________________ (slutade) school and became a human rights activist.

7. That’s a groovy sweater you’re wearing, ____________________________ (stickade du) it yourself?

8. The student council has just appointed a committee to _____________________________ (övervaka) the charity run.