Seville Report on Gentrification

Spain - Sevilla

The idea of Gentrification and the interaction with structures

This presentation looks at how the parasol influences the local community, using Local interpretation to see how it affects them physically and emotionally, rather forcing some ones opinion on the area, being a piece text i.e Literature.

Project: Metropol Parasol City: Sevilla Country: Spain Architect: J端rgen Mayer, Dipl. Ing./ M.Arch Technical Consultant: ARUP Madrid and ARUP Berlin Start of Construction: May 2005 Client: Ayuntamiento de Sevilla - Gerencia de Urbanismo

Student Name: Shanaire Blythe Year: Y3 (L6) Module: C6-2

This report is presented to the Birmingham School of Architecture at Birmingham City University as part of the BA (Hons) Architecture course ArC6-2

Word Count: 1616

Content Page 1.0- Introduction -1.1- Setting the Context

4

-1.2- Literature Review

5

2.0- Group Appraisal -2.1- Group Presentation

6

-2.2- Personal Reflection

7

3.0- Architectural Context - 3.1- Spatial Design +3.1.1 (What was the space like’)

8

+3.1.2 (The Space the Parasol’)

9-11

+3.1.3 (The Parasol on the surr’)

12

- 3.2- Material and Form

13

- 3.3- Construction

14

4.0- Conclusion

15

4.1-Bibliography

16

5.0- Appendices

17

- 5.1- Literature Review

18

- 5.2- Presentation

19

- 5.3-Methodology

20

- 5.4- Student Appraisal

21

- 5.5- Risk Assessment & Contact info

22

- 5.6- Other Research Work

23-24

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1.0- Introduction

Moving from UK to Spain

1.1- Setting the Context When in Spain move to Andalusia then to Sevilla

Looking at Sevilla, our research initially focused around the division of space, looking at how Sevilla is broken up in 11 districts. We will be focusing on Casco Antiguo, as it is the main central business district along with Triana as the main ceramic quarter. (Location shown in Figure.3)

Group Work

Figure.1

As our study will be based around the Metropol Parasol, that is located in the district of Casco Antiguo. We will be analysing the Parasol and it is influence on the immediate community in regards to the idea of gentrification. In doing so four hypothesis where derived.

Figure.2

1. If Gentrification Exists in Sevilla will it present it self in the Architecture of the area surrounding the Parasol 2. How does the space created by the parasol socially affect the community?

3. Does the parasol represent the surrounding economies?

4. How does the parasol interact with the UNIC strategy?

Wider Study In context with my term 1 work, I examined at how the decline of the pottery industry created a social divide in community. So I was to highlighting this issue, while my term two is about addressing the issue. Therefore, it will be interesting to see how people interact with the parasol and reason for them to reach on the way they do.

4

The 11 districts of Sevilla with Triana and Casco Antiguo showing the area of study

Figure.3

1.2- Literature Review

Patch 1 (Literature Review) What is a Bridge? Making of Calatrava’s Bridge in Seville 1. SELECTION Selecting this text came from looking at how the diversion of the Guadalquivir River influenced the design of the bridge and how the bridge influences the communities in which it sits.

2. ARGUMENT Being a text focusing on the design concept and construction ideas, so I can deduce that the writer has no hidden intention in the way in which the literature was written. I like this type of approach as it makes understanding the technical side more pleasing.

The only downside was that the structure wasn’t celebrate, for the architectural monument it was, but on the other hand it could have been the way the writer wanted to write the literature.

3. RELATION Another piece of text I looked at was the “expo ‘92 Sevilla Architecture and Design. The text looks at both the positives and the negatives of the expo 92, looking at the short-term gain. In relation to the actual reason, this idea of confining it self to the upper reason out of site, in a way isolates it self from the main city. Which it some Santiago tried to prevent with the link being something the locals can utilised bridling both sides.

4. IN CONTEXT TO THE HYPOTHESIS

Figure.4

Santiago Calatrava’s bridge looking from the Parasol

With the bridge, he wanted it to link the community on one side of the river with the activity on the other site. Rather than it, being the imposition it is, giving the area this sense of purpose linking two sides of the river that was divided.

I am using the idea to see how the Parasol socially and physically influences the area in which it sits.

Figure.5

Showing the growth of Sevilla over the years, with the diversion of the river, and diversion that lead to the creation of the island for the expo’92

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2.0- Group Presentation

Figure.6

Different types of architectural symbols illustrating the different cultural heritage.

For the presentation, we focused on the cultural history, which includes the Romans, Tartessians, Christians, Jewish, and the Moorish. These different cultures came and left their print in the landscape, which is evident through archaeological expedition and the architecture(Figure.6).

Looking at gentrification we looked at a dictionary definition, then our own interpreted definition.

Figure.7

Dictionary Definition (Oxford): - Renovate and improve (a house or district) so that it conforms to middle-class taste.

Interpretation: - My interpretation is that gentrification doesn’t need to result in the displacement of the original residents because this case study I looked at in London Hackney, the displacement side of gentrification was prevented by certain measures being put into place.

Defined criteria’s of gentrification Stage 1 - The artist and other classes see potential of a particular area. (The start of the redevelopment process) Stage 2 - Then slowly house prices start to peak up and these artist, middle and class starts to inhabit the area.

Stage 3 - The emergence of new businesses Stage 4 - The displacement of local residents (Which in my opinion is not properly preparing the area for these changes) 6

This diagrams shows the researched areas

How gentrified is Sevilla in context to the hypothesis If Gentrification Exists in Sevilla will it present it self in the Architecture of the area surrounding the Parasol - Gentrification is present in the architecture even though it tries to preserve its local identity.

How does the space created by the parasol socially affect the community?

- Talking to the locals, I found out that parasol has broken the community around the Parasol, with a scheme of introducing more foreign investors.

Does the parasol represent the surrounding economies?

- The parasol does not; as from its construction, it is an imposition on the area.

How does the parasol interact with the UNIC strategy?

- It does not.

2.1- Reflection Findings

Cyclist route Tram safe space Tram route

Vehicle

Triana

Plaza de Espana

Triana

Plaza de Espana

UNIC Workgroup 1(WG1) Aims - WG1 is to support countries and there ceramic industry

Vehicle safe space

- Help promote the Ceramic industry to the locals

Male 31%

Female 48%

- Improve the teaching of innovation in ceramics

Male 52%

Findings - Triana has the only remaining Ceramic shop in Sevilla

Female 69%

Plaza de España

Triana dB Reading

1

1 78

90 12

12

2

80 70

74

60

72

50

11

70

11

3

40

68

30

66

20

64

0

4

60

10

Figure.9

Cathedral

North Street pattern

These roads used are away from main roads. It shows how both areas are pedestrianised. The south being regimented with wider road having specific lanes, and the North being loose with only car specific lane.

Parasol

Male 43%

female 45%

Plaza de Espana

Parasol Decibel Reading

Cathedral East

1

1

100

90 12

12

2

80

70

60

60

50

11

3

40

30

30

20

20

10

10

0

4

9

5

Parasol

8

0

10

4

9

6

The demographic is to show the ratio between make and female, as a group member found a reading which, states Sevilla as a female dominating society.

5

8

7

Cathedral

3

50

40

10

2

90 80

70

11

I did demographic and sound readings to immediately analysis the area. The sound will measure the activity of the area as to how disruptive this area is.

Female 57%

male 55%

North of Parasol

6 7 Parasol

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Cathedral Gender map

South Street pattern

- The Government offers no funding - No teaching of Ceramic, making it a dying trade

5

8

6

8

4

9

5

9

Figure.8

- His clients are mainly abroad.

3

62

10 10

2

76

6 7

North of the Parasol

North of Parasol

The North side of the parasol has a higher female to male ratio. This can be a factor of gentrification as the new development in the south is pushing the tradition Sevillians further north.

Male 34%

Female 66%

Triana has the most consistent high-level readings, which is quite representative of the area activity, being an industrial area.

Northern Region of the Parasol 1 100 12

2

90 80 70 60

11

3

50 40 30 20 10 0

10

Triana

4

9

5

8

6 7

Sound recording measured in dB, with a 5 second interval for 12 intervals.

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3.0- Architectural Context

3.1- Spatial Design 3.1.1- What was the space like before the parasol

The reason behind the Parasol

The Architect: He stated that the area prior was a void space in need of redevelopment.

The Locals: A thriving market square integrated the community.

Retail, shop, Restaurants Cafe

Market square

Figure.10

Sports and leisure centre

Figure.11

Museum

Figure.14

The space created under the parasol can act as shading, but as an urban centre, it is not attractive.

Figure.12

This shows how free their movement was with the market as fuel for activity.

Figure.13

The introduction of the Parasol has greatly restricted the flow of movement.

Figure.16

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Due to the area, being a void space it was though necessary to turn it into an urban centre to rejuvenate the area, as a tourist attraction.

3.0- Architectural Context

3.1- Spatial Design 3.1.2- The space the parasol occupies

Basement level Horizontal Circulation

Vertical Circulation

Figure.15

Figure.17

This shows how from aerial view the parasol and it is strange shape contrast with the surrounding buildings making it alien to its surroundings.

Figure.20 Public entrance

The archeological remains

Figure.19

The openness of the entrance should make it inviting for visitors, but the pit entrance can have the opposite effect.

The curvature of the inner walls makes the public engage more with the exhibition, so inviting them in at the same time.

Figure.18

Upon excavating the site these historic remains where found, which turned the basement level into an archaeological exhibition.

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3.0- Architectural Context

3.1- Spatial Design 2

Ground Level

Public access into the site

Access to the basement with both ramp and stairs

Cores influencing a fluidity form of movement due to there orientation within the space

2

Access to the main open area, disabled access would be through the cores moving from the basement up. Which to Figure.25 the idea of using the parasol to move from one site to the other no becomes an obstruction if disabled(wheelchair user).

1

1 Figure.21

Other vertical circulation with the use of stairs.

1

Figure.22

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Figure.23

3.0- Architectural Context

3.1- Spatial Design First Level

The space provided in front of the lift, prevents the user feeling confined upon exit.

2

These stairs offer for straight circulation from the ground to the top without disruption.

The lift moves only from basement through to first level. So to move to the higher level the perimeter walkway has to be used, which gives the user views of the wider vernacular(Figure.30), which emphasises the contrast the structure has with its surroundings.

Second First Ground Basement

Figure.28

Figure.30

The nature of the vertical movement through the structure, it one of the shape of a vase, starting off enclosed, then open then encloses again and finally open again at the top.

Figure.27

Second Level

Retail, shop, Restaurants Cafe

The type of view you will be able to experience from the top. This is very similar to that of the cathedral, which citizens have free access to.

The circulation cores

The skywalk continues over the top of the whole structure, to get that uninterrupted view of the vernacular(Figure.30).

Market square

2 Figure.31

Section showing the vertical division of space

Sports and leisure centre

Museum

Figure.26

Figure.32

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3.0- Architectural Context

3.1- Spatial Design 3.1.3- The Parasol on the surrounding Community Graffiti

Stripping paint

Before the parasol, there was this divide in the district, with the south being the modern Sevilla and the north being the traditional.

The Parasol was to cause a string of redevelopment in both the north and south to bridge the two making the two more coherent.

As the old side of the city, its history is quite evident in the topology and form with the narrow walkways and lack of maintenance.

Old Sevilla

Figure.33

Cracks in the paved work

Figure.33 highlights the unattractive features that exists in the old side of the city.

Well maintained roads

Cleanly finished Faรงades

Parasol

Figure.35

These strings of redevelopment will increase the gentrification speed forcing the traditional Sevillians to migrate further north.

New Sevilla Figure.34

This side is a lot more modernised, with the wider street and walkways.

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Figure.33

Figure.33 Illustrating the clean and well maintained nature of the north side.

Completed in 2007(5 years ago), with nothing still not happening I can conclude that the redevelopment scheme is somewhat a failure. This is the case as the locals feel the structure is just an imposition on there community.

3.0- Architectural Context

3.2- Material and form Materials From The Area

Bamboo

Bricks

Render Figure.37

Ceramic tiles

Figure.38

Figure.47

Looking at the building forms that surround the parasol, I have deduced that they are linear in their flow, creating buildings with sharp edges(Figure 37,38,39,47).

Bricks

The material list from and the building topology in the area show that the structure is an imposition on the area taking no reference from its surroundings.

Figure.36

Research showed that the parasol is to be erected using wood, but after visiting, I noticed it is constructed using steel, which does not match the desktop research.

Figure.39

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3.0- Architectural Context

3.3- Construction

The construction is similar to a jigsaw, with the use of interlocking joints. The section of the building that I will look is the construction of one the cores.

Top Plate

Layers to the Core

Lift shaft acting as the primary support, taking the majority of the weight of the top plate of the parasol, while supporting both the stairs and the lift itself.

Figure.45 illustrates the interlocking nature of the structure, with Figure.44 highlighting where these fins interlock on the core it self. To further secure the connection of the structure bolts where introduced.

Figure.46

There is also secondary bracing to help direct the load of the top plate due to its wide span, back to the core.

Figure.40

Figure.42

The stairs protruding off the core, spiralling upwards.

Figure.44

This illustrates how the core works with the cladding enclosing the lifts and the stair.

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Figure.41

Figure.43

Figure.45

4.0- Conclusion Inclosing from the information gathered, the parasol might seem a success from the tourist point of view, looking at the macro scale. When looking at the meso scale we can see that it has caused a large conflict within the community. This is down to the break in the community spirit due to the lack of social interaction, which in following decreased the capital of the surrounding local business. The redevelopment that the parasol was to introduce would cause an influx of private investors and global franchises which inherently taking businesses away from the locals.

The ceramic industry in Sevilla is also dying one similarly to Stoke-on-Trent as there is only one shop remaining.

According to the owner the main failures of stoke is that they deal mainly in production, while he deals with the more artistic sector. This gives him a longer life span because his client uses him for his skill rather than how cheap products are manufactured. The main reason I concluded that the industry in Sevilla is dying: - Because there is no longer a school that teaches these skills - The young population not having that interest to carry their heritage along Which means the UNIC strategy is failing the city in preserving its heritage.

In context to my D6-2, I would like to use the failings of the parasol to aid the theme of my design that is designing around the idea of social interaction to help build the broken community spirit in Stoke-on-Trent Longton.

Therefore, I found this trip useful as it helped me understanding the importance to have the right priority when designing as this can cause more damage than good, which is evident in the parasol how it has negatively, impact the community.

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4.1- Bibliography Books

M.Teresa (Ph.D), The Geology of Spain, (2003), Geological Society of London N. POLLALIS, Spiro, “What is a bridge? The making of Calatrava’s Bridge in Seville”, (2002), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, R. Raul, R. Cesar Alonso de los, “Expo ’92 Seville Architecture and Design”, (1993), Abbeville Press Inc. U.S

Article

Local Business Man (Gentrification)

Local Business Woman (Lies by the Architect)

List of Illustration Figure.1:- Maps showing the European Region Figure.2:- Map showing Spain at a larger scale

M.Jürgen, Metropol Parasol - Redevelopment of “plaza de la Encarnacion” in Sevilla/Spain,(2007) Figure.3:- Map showing Sevilla and it’s 11 districts (http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/ Distritos_Sevilla.svg/400px-Distritos_Sevilla.svg.png)

Figure.4:- Self taken Photograph of the Santiago Calatrava Bridge

S.Tom, North American gentrification? Revanchist and emancipation perspectives explored,(2003) Figure.5:- Diagram illustrating the change in the river course of the guadalquivir river (http://www.slideshare.net/ limitsspain/sevilles-floods-vicente-gonzlez)

UNIC Meeting report 17th - 19th May 2009 UNIC Workgroup Report UNIC Sevilla Local Action Plan, (2011) U.David, B.Gerardo, Fluvial changes of the Guadalquivir river during the Holocene, (2006) Wood designing and Building, Metropol Parasol - New Architecture’, (2012)

Website http://www.retabloceramico.net/bio2_santaanaceramica.htm, Mar 05 2013 http://www.slideshare.net/limitsspain/sevilles-floods-vicente-gonzlez, Oct 30, 2010 L.Denyse, http://www.andalucia.com/cities/sevilla.htm Mar 07, 2013

Interviews

These interviewees where the local community, giving them the chance to have there say.

Local business man (Negative impact) 16

Local woman

Figure.6:- Self taken Photograph looking from the court yard inside the Plaza de Espana Figure.7:- Photoshop edited tourist map of Casco Antiguo Figure.8:- Self taken Photograph of the South side street pattern and Photoshop edited Figure.9:- Self taken Photograph of the North side street pattern and Photoshop edited Figure.10:- Self taken Photograph of a shop keepers photograph what Plaza de la Encarnacion used to be Figure.11:- Self taken Photograph of a shop keepers photograph what Plaza de la Encarnacion used to be Figure.12:- Diagram showing the possible circulation through the square before the Parasol Figure.13:- Diagram showing the possible circulation through the square after the Parasol Figure.14:- Diagram showing the division of space that the parasol will accommodate Figure.15:- Diagram showing the parasol in contrast to the surrounding buildings Figure.16:- Self taken Photograph of the Parasol, Photoshop edited to highlighting the floorspace Figure.17:- Self taken Photograph of the Archeological Expedition/ Museum Figure.18:- Self taken Photograph of the Archeological Expedition/ Museum Figure.19:- Self taken photograph of the entrance to the basement of the Parasol Figure.20:- basement plan drawn in Auto CAD with reference to the architects plans Figure.21:- ground plan drawn in Auto CAD with reference to the architects plan Figure.22:- Self taken Photograph looking north of the Parasol Figure.23:- Self Taken Photograph look at the Parasol Figure.24:- Self Taken Photograph look at the Parasol Figure.25:- Self Taken Photograph look at the interior of the ground floor of the Parasol Figure.26:- Illustrator edit of the First floor plan with reference for the architect plan Figure.27:- Illustrator edit of the Second floor plan with reference for the architect plan Figure.28:- Diagram to illustrate the sense of openness and restriction while moving vertically Figure.30:- Self Taken Photograph looking north of the Parasol Figure.31:- Illustrator edited section provided by the Architect Figure.32:- Plan view to illustrate the section line for the section cut Figure.33:- Self taken Photograph showing dereliction in the North region of Casco Antiguo Figure.34:- Diagram showing the divide between the old and the new Sevilla Figure.35:- Diagram showing the idea of how the parasol should combine the two sides making it one Figure.36:- Illustrating the Material selection from the surrounding community Figure.37:- Drawings to illustrate the form of the surrounding buildings in the area Figure.38:- Drawings to illustrate the form of the surrounding buildings in the area Figure.39:- Drawings to illustrate the form of the surrounding buildings in the area Figure.40:- Illustrator edit of the section to show the main area of the construction work Figure.41:- Self taken photo of an image at the parasol showing the construction Figure.42:- Render showing the stair in a section.

Figure.43:- Render showing the stair with the cladding cover illustrated Figure.44:- Self taken Photograph and Photoshop edit to illustrate the construction Figure.45:- Diagram to show how the building would slot together Figure.46:- Self taken photograph of one of the connection joints, showing the bolt connection Figure.47:- Drawings to illustrate the form of the surrounding buildings in the area

5.0- Appendices

5.1-Literature Review 5.2- Presentation 5.3- Methodology 5.4- Student Appraisal 5.5- Risk Assessment and contact detains 5.5- Other Research /work

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5.0- Appendices Patch 1 (Literature Review) What is a Bridge? Making of Calatrava’s Bridge in Seville

5.1- Literature Review 1

1. SELECTION Why is this text appropriate to your case study? What was your thinking behind your selection and what led you to search this particular piece of literature?

The text is appropriate to case study, as it is set within the location, in which it offers some historical backing to some of the area’s geological events. The thinking what led me to this piece of writing was to try to understand the history of the Guadalquivir River and how it has subsequently change the landscape of Seville. From this I found a structure designed by Santiago Calatrava, which changed the concept of bridge design. This interests me into how it played a roll in the surrounding community, no only in the way of structural monuments, but any physical response it also had. The led me to research more into the construction looking at the influences behind such a structure.

The argument of “What is a bridge?” has the assumption into can a structure bridging three areas together offer a new sense of life fulfilment. The reason being the location of the bridge was a depressed and deprived one. Therefore, Calatrava took the initiative to make the structure apart of the neighbourhood, by the use of inviting spaces for recreational activity. I type of construction as rather than taking the investment stand like the expo ’92, he gave though to the surrounding community, even though he was apart of a scheme which has little consideration to the people.

From this and going to Seville it would be useful to see how the structure has actually changed the perception of the deprived area. In addition, has other areas faced any improvement due to the bridge, which could be indirectly by the means of a transport links for selected areas.

2. ARGUMENT i. Write a brief synopsis on the focus of the literature? What does it concentrate on? ii. How does the author convey their argument?

• Idea/theory • Influences • Precedents/examples/sources • Supporting evidence or factual information • The author’s personal interpretation

From my initial thoughts of looking at the river a how it has changed the topology of the land. I did found that the Guadalquivir River has caused several flooding in the past, in Seville. Due to the flooding and technological improvements, the river was diverted in the late 70s to avoid flooding. The new connection was named after the city of Meandro de san Jeronimo helping to control the water flow. This subsequently created a new island known as the Cartuja Island, which was named after Cartuja monastery located on it.

It was on this island that the facilities of the exposition were situated.

The text is quite factual; it focuses on the engineering aspect of the bridge design, but not without adding some context to the site. It looks at the contextual side of the design from concept to creation. The process was not a fluent one, as they are some issues that cropped up. The text looked at how the it was handle, especially with such an elegant structure, which to some did not seem structurally sound.

The writer uses arguments to give clarity to certain decisions that where made during the years leading up to the construction. He tried to keep text as unbiased as he could with the use of factual evidence to clarify what he wanted to portray. He tried to include some information from the other infrastructures of the same period, to help with unbiased nature of his work. Showing he considers all even if, it does not directly link to the focus of the piece. For the design element of the structure, precedents where illustrated showing the design thoughts of the architect, along with previous works that inspired the design and the practicality of such a design. Showing how he worked through the issues to prove the practicality.

The writing was not too highlighting the bridge as a glorious architectural or structural engineering piece. It was to show the processes that he had undergone to create such a structure, moving through the conceptual stage to the final to achieve the piece. Showing how he masterfully tackled the issues faced to achieve his goal.

3. RELATION Is there a related theory or ideology to the literature’s content? (this can be sources referenced within the text or one you have selected yourself) The source that the text referenced was the “expo ’92 Seville Architecture and Design . The selected text based around the Universal Exposition 1992, looking at all 100+ interventions and their uses. As with most events, looking at the immediate effect we all see if for its positives. Unlike this text it looks at the raw truth of the event, it knows what the scheme is suppose to achieve during and after the event, but that still does not prevent the new issues to arise and with also old ones to remain. The first chapter had my main interest as it illustrates some history of the area. Again, this piece is quite factual as it uses its historical evidence to express his argument. A flaw in the text or the scheme on a whole was that it was to be an exposition based on the city of Seville and its historical significance. However, as it is a government ran project the main aim becomes capital ran.

2

1 N. POLLALIS, Spiro, What is a bridge? The making of Calatrava’s Bridge in Seville, (2002), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2 R. Raul, R. Cesar Alonso de los, Expo ’92 Seville Architecture and Design, (1993), Abbeville Press Inc. U.S

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4. RESPONSE i. What is your consensus on the argument? Do you agree/disagree, in whole/or in part? ii. Demonstrate factual knowledge to support your position – refer to 3. RELATION. iii. How are you going to use your review to effectively expand your analysis of the case study?

This is makes it a good idea to look at the metropol parasol. The reason being it is a structure that was build to make use of a void space. Due to this linking with my studio theme, I would take this as an initiative research how Seville uses other void spaces.

!

5.2- Presentation

5.0- Appendices

Movie type Presentation

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5.0- Appendices How we divided the research from our hypotheses breaking it down into sub categories.

5.3- Methodology -

Zubair- Cultural Investigation

-

Andre- Gender in Architecture Investigation

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Imran – Study of Socio-political appreciation of Architecture

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Identify sources/contacts (map identifying location we are going to go as a group, brief summery of the area and why its important to our study

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Instruments/apparatus: List of equipment will need, its use I to record notes, or sound or photographic recording, with images of them if possible. ( include phones as well) ±

-

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Instrument/ apparatus

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Image

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Description of use within project

Transport arrangements ( make a table explaining from flights and coach arrangements to getting around Seville in the most economical way to the areas stated prior, ie Mode of Transport -

Location

Coach

-

Cost Gatwick

Access + permissions arrangements ( list of contacts we have in Seville, and their relation to areas of the study, ie) Name

Email

Number

Affiliation

(mark

mark@gmail

092374671

Parasol (example)

Recording site visit -

Collating material after visit (scanning, database, sharing info)

Sources: ITINERARY

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Selected question: Gentrification Definition: (please Place here a set definition with a list of sources or examples of gentrified areas in the world (min. 3)

Method of Investigation (Strategy): ( produce pages for each of these in the presentation. All notes are below copy and paste where needed. Thanks.

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Hypothesis related to gentrification:

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Desktop study (general Seville)

1. If gentrification exists within Seville, will it represent itself in the architecture of Encarnacionregina.

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Desktop study of Parasol ( include specification of the structure)

2. How does the space created by the parasol socially affect the community?

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Literature Reviews (each person place In their literature review and a 150 word summery)

3. Does the Parasol represent the surrounding economies?

-

Hypothesis related to gentrification ( for the group, including a definition

4. How does the Parasol interact with the UNIC strategy?

-

Personal investigations (as result of literature review , Each person has a page on their personal investigations)

5. Andre- Gender in Architecture Investigation

-

Shanaire – Infrastructure, Social investigation

5.4- Student Appraisal

5.0- Appendices

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5.0- Appendices

Activity

Workplace:

BA (Hons) Architecture

C6-2 Study Visit Personal Details Each student to complete a ‘personal details’ form.

Each group to also complete risk assessment form.

Both to be posted on Moodle (under ArC6-2) BEFORE departure.

NAME

Shanaire Blythe

DATES OF TRAVEL

21 - 25 January 20113

PASSPORT NO. MOBILE NO.

07846187069

5.5- Risk assessment and Contact info

BIRMINGHAM CITY UNIVERSITY School/Department: School of Architecture

People: Imran Uddin

Hazard Identification

Significant Factors (circle if applicable and add other factors as necessary) Activity/ equipment:

TRAVEL DETAILS Train, Vehicle, Airport, airline, flight no. etc.

12:40 Seville to London Gatwick (South Terminal) Dep 25 January 2013 12:40 Arr 25 January 2013 14:25

ACCOMMODATION DETAILS Hotel, name, address, telephone no.

Name Puerta Catedral Suites Address Avenida de la Constitucion 22, Casco Antiguo Sevilla, 41004 Spain Phone +34954216912

Used or handled: • Chemicals • Carcinogens • Flammable materials

Workplace: • Heat/cold • Ventilation • Stress • Lighting • Noise • cleanliness

Condition:• Nature of occupation • Structural condition • Floors (slip or trip) • Windows & doors • Ground • Stairs External areas:• Roof voids • Fragile roof materials • Roof edge protection • Chimneys • Roads and paved areas • Gates and barriers Welfare facilities: • Toilets/washing facilities • Rest areas • First aid facilities • Emergency facilities • Kitchens

Work equipment: • Hand/power tools • Ladders • Mobile platforms • Electrical equipment • Mechanical aids, trollies, etc.

Generated by activity: • Dust • Fumes/vapour • Ionising radiation • Non-ionising radiation • Waste products solid or liquid

Weather: • Wind • Rain • Ice/snow • Sunlight (ultra violet) • Hot weather

Special machinery: • Lasers • Plant and machine tools • Welding equipment • Transport • Hot work – brazing, cutting

Substances in premises: • Asbestos • Legionella bacteria • Combustible materials • Lead

Maintenance & Refurbishment: • Cleaning • Painting • Electrical work • Work at height

Other specific assessments (identify if applicable):

Home Tel: HOME CONTACT DETAILS Permanent Address, telephone no. Next of Kin

- Hazardous substances (COSHH) - Dangerous substances (DSEAR) - Display screen equipment (DSE) - New and expectant mothers - Manual handling

Apr 08

BIRMINGHAM CITY UNIVERSITY Faculty/Department: School of Architecture

Travelling to Seville via Airplane

Hazards identified (e.g. fall from height)

- Noise - Vibration - Lone Workers - Stress

1

STUDYTRIP_hazard_checklist.doc

Activity/Task

Environment:

Individual activities: • Lone working • Lifting, carrying • PC, laptop users (DSE) • Handling, moving • Cleaning

Services: • Electrical systems • Gas installations • Pressure systems • Telecommunications • Water supply & drainage

15:05 London Gatwick (South Terminal) to Seville Dep 21 January 2013 15:05 Arr 21 January 2013 18:50

Substances:

Work area:• Access/egress • Confined spaces • Collision hazards • Working space • Unguarded edges

RISK ASSESSMENT FORM Persons at Risk: Imran Uddin Zubair Hussain Shanaire Blythe Andre Reid Severity of Injury (fatal/major/minor)

Existing Control Measures

Date of Assessment: 13/01/2012

Ref No.:

Likelihood of occurrence

Residual Risk (high/Med/Low)

(Remote/Possible/Frequent)

Problems with Aircraft

Fatal

Read the health & Safety Information provided by the Airline

Remote

Low

Using Public Transport

Public Transport Accidents

Major

Making sure of using the safest possible way of travelling

Possible

Med

Site Visits

Trip or Fall

Minor

Conduct visit with safety measures in place

Possible

Low

In case of an immediate emergency please call the emergency services (dial 112 in Europe).

For other emergencies contact: Alessandro Columbano +44 [0]7761971706 Davinder Mehat +44 [0]121 331 5130

22

Recommendation for further controls

alessandro.columbano@bcu.ac.uk davinder.mehat@bcu.ac.uk

BA [HONS] ARCHITECTURE STUDYTRIP_RISK_ASSESSMENT.doc

Action taken and date

Name/Position Signature Shanaire Blythe

5.6- Other Research Reading # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Loca-on Triana_7 Triana_7 Triana_7 Triana_7 Triana_7 Triana_7 Triana_7 Triana_7 Triana_7 Triana_7 Triana_7 Triana_7

Decibel Level Time 82 18:56 80 18:56 79 18:56 82 18:56 81 18:56 69 18:56 78 18:56 90 18:56 67 18:56 83 18:57 70 18:57 78 18:57

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Parasol_4 Parasol_4 Parasol_4 Parasol_4 Parasol_4 Parasol_4 Parasol_4 Parasol_3 Parasol_3 Parasol_3 Parasol_3 Parasol_3 Parasol_3 Parasol_3

80 66 75 81 86 89 79 71 65 85 83 98 94 80

17:49 17:49 17:49 17:49 17:50 17:50 17:50 17:41 17:41 17:41 17:41 17:41 17:42 17:42

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

North of Parasol_3 North of Parasol_3 North of Parasol_3 North of Parasol_3 North of Parasol_3 North of Parasol_3 North of Parasol_3 North of Parasol_2 North of Parasol_2 North of Parasol_2 North of Parasol_2 North of Parasol_2 North of Parasol_2 North of Parasol_2

75 77 72 77 83 91 78 75 76 74 84 78 77 75

18:50 18:51 18:51 18:51 18:51 18:51 18:51 18:40 18:40 18:41 18:41 18:41 18:41 18:41

1 Cathedral_East 2 Cathedral_East

64 69

14:23 14:23

Gender

5.0- Appendices

Demographic of the studied area

Raw Data

Age Ethnicity Individuals

m f f f f m f m m m m

45 28 32 27 38 43 47 26 56 32 36

w w w w w w c w w w w

f f m m f f f m m f f m f f f m m m f f m f m f m f f

38 29 22 58 26 48 62 31 42 23 39 41 37 42 24 31 22 38 44 27 32 29 22 25 52 19 37

w w w w w c w w a a a a w w a w w w w w w w w a w a w

m f f m f m f

56 36 32 23 26 47 38

w w w a c w w

Counter Part Ac.vity Time Other Stats Age Ethnicity Parasoal upper floor m 6 w taking pictures 17:20 f 27 w taking pictures 17:23 m 35 w Ea.ng/Ea.ng 17:25 -­‐ -­‐ -­‐ taking pictures 17:27 m 41 w sight seeing 17:28 m 12 w sight seeing 17:29 f 15 c sight seeing 17:30 f/f 38/42 w/w sight seeing 17:34 f 52 w sight seeing 17:36 f 33 w sight seeing 17:50 f/f 33/11 w/w taking pictures 17:54 North of the Parasol f 12 w slow walking 18:13 -­‐ -­‐ -­‐ walking dog 18:13 f 22 w siIng 18:14 f 53 w slow walking 18:29 -­‐ -­‐ -­‐ cycling 18:34 -­‐ -­‐ -­‐ brisk walking 18:36 -­‐ -­‐ -­‐ slow walking 18:38 -­‐ -­‐ -­‐ brisk walking 18:39 -­‐ -­‐ -­‐ slow walking 18:40 -­‐ -­‐ -­‐ brisk walking 18:40 f 40 a brisk walking 18:42 f 39 a brisk walking 18:44 f 51 w slow walking 18:48 f 44 w brisk walking 18:50 -­‐ -­‐ -­‐ brisk walking 18:52 -­‐ -­‐ -­‐ brisk walking 18:52 -­‐ -­‐ -­‐ brisk walking 18:53 -­‐ -­‐ -­‐ slow walking 18:53 -­‐ -­‐ -­‐ slow walking 18:54 -­‐ -­‐ -­‐ brisk walking 18:54 f 29 w brisk walking 18:55 -­‐ -­‐ -­‐ brisk walking 18:56 f/m 23/22 w/w brisk walking 19:03 -­‐ -­‐ -­‐ brisk walking 19:05 m/m/f 34/35/31 w/w/w slow walking 19:05 f 18 w brisk walking 19.07 -­‐ -­‐ -­‐ brisk walking 19:09 Religious building 1 (Cathedral) -­‐ -­‐ -­‐ On the phone 13:30 f 51 w talking 13:30 -­‐ -­‐ -­‐ brisk walking 13:31 f 22 w talking/brisk walking 13:32 f 26 c talking/slow walking 13:32 f 50 w talking/slow walking 13:32 f 42 w talking/slow walking 13:33

Gender

Seville City - Metropol Parasol

View of the Giraldo from the top of the Metropol Parasol © Fiona Flores Watson

By Fiona Flores Watson The most ambitious, expensive and controversial urban project in Seville since Expo 92, this is nothing short of a modern icon. Metropol Parasol is located in Plaza Encarnacion: it's at the centre of the city, between the main shopping area to the south and Calle Feria to the north; Plaza del Duque to the west and Plaza Ponce de Leon to the east.

Intended as a Guggenhein Bilbao-type landmark, to put Seville on the contemporary architecture map, this extraordinary, flowing structure (known locally as Las Setas, the mushrooms) consists of six huge linked parasols made of waffle-type criss-crossed wooden beams - it is said to be the world's largest timber-framed structure. Metropol Parasol's trademark amorphous shape can be seen reflected in every detail of the development, from the curvy benches to the sinuous flowerbeds. The parasols, which measure 150x70m in total, took six years to build, and cost a reported 123 million euros.

23

5.0- Appendices

24

5.6- Other Research

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