Degree Lecture Notes - Building technology 2 by Sheilly Tan

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 2 March 2017

Fire Fighting Requirement and the UBBL & Door & Window Schedules and Natural Light & Ventilation Schedules Ar. Zahari Zubir 2017

Fire Fighting Requirement and the UBBL: 1. Introduction to Uniform Building By-law 2. Basic Concepts of Fire Safety and Protection 3. Basic Fire-fighting Designs: According to the Uniform Building By-laws 1984 Ar. Zahari Zubir 2017

1. Introduction to Uniform Building By-law Ar. Zahari Zubir 2017

History and Background Prior to the gazette of Act 133 - The Street, Drainage & Building Act, 1974, architects and engineers, had to study and implement the varying requirements of the many local authorities. The following is the timeline of efforts to resolve the confusions and frustrations of having too many local by-laws and regulations on buildings:

Early 1970â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s The committee did not make much progress. However, much later, when a number of building-related catastrophe such as the collapse of flats and uncontrolled major fire occurred in Kuala Lumpur, the Ministry of Housing and Local Government instructed a review of the various building and planning legislations in respond to these catastrophe. Ar. Zahari Zubir 2017

History and Background (cont.) 1973 A draft uniform building by-laws was issued, with further amendments in 1974. The Building By-Laws, which was the pre-cursor to the Uniform Building ByLaws, 1984, was based on the existing Kuala Lumpur and Singapore legislations and recommendations from the Building Research Station, UK. The By-Laws were compiled under the provisions under Section 113 - By-laws - in the Street, Drainage & Building Act, 1974

1976 A Uniform Building Regulations Standing Committee [UBRSC], comprising public and private sectors, made a review of the Kuala Lumpur Municipal (Building) (Amendments) By-Laws, 1975 and it was adopted as the model for the draft Uniform Building Regulations. From this effort, the Ministry of Housing and Local Government issued the draft as the Uniform Building By-Law, 1976

1978 Amendments included updates on fire requirements on buildings

September 12, 1985 Finally it was gazetted by the Gazette Notification No. 5170/85 Ar. Zahari Zubir 2017

Objectives

•

Set a standardized building regulations for the whole of Malaysia and applicable to all Local Authorities and building professionals

•

Clarify line of legal responsibilities for buildings with clear definitions on the Principal Submitting Persons

•

Regulate architectural, structural, health & safety, fire protection capabilities and constructional requirements of buildings; with clear references to the approved standards

•

Expedite the processing and building approvals and occupation of buildings

Ar. Zahari Zubir 2017

Advantages of having a uniform by-laws

•

Intended to establish uniformity of standards and control throughout Malaysia

•

Intended to regulate the design and construction and the provision of services, fittings to ensure health, safety, welfare, convenience and to encourage conservation and preventing waste

•

Intended to safe cost and expedite the process of development

•

Provided comprehensive section on fire precaution and safety

•

Specifies the eligibility of the submitting person and their responsibilities

•

Emphasise the use of Malaysian Standards

Ar. Zahari Zubir 2017

Disadvantages of having a uniform by-laws

•

Malaysia in not entirely urbanised, the disparity of the degree of urbanisation is great. Adversely affects the smaller towns as they are not as wealthy and sophisticated.

•

Building is not exact science, it evolves. There will be new designs, materials and techniques.

•

Different in opinions in interpretations.

Ar. Zahari Zubir 2017

Sections of the UBBL: Parts PART

TITLE

BY-LAW

DESCRIPTION

Preliminary

1-2

Definitions and interpretations used in the by-laws

Submission Of Plans For Approval

3-29

The procedures for submitting plans to the Local Authorities for their approval for permanent and temporary buildings, advertisement and perimeter hoardings

III

Space, Light And Ventilation

30-47

The required space [dimensions], light and ventilation to be provided In buildings

Temporary Works In Connection 48-52 With Building Operation

Structural Requirement

53-80

Structural requirements and considerations e.g. dead, superimposed and dynamic loads and, structural materials and elements

Constructional Requirements

81-132

Constructional requirements e.g. site preparation, constructional materials, method of construction and, architectural and related Structural and M&E requirements

VII

Fire Requirements

133-224

Passive fire protection requirements

VIII

Fire Alarms, Fire Detection, Fire Extinguishment and Fire Fighting Access

225-253

Active fire protection requirements

Miscellaneous

254-258

Miscellaneous definitions and references and, the procedures on reporting on building failures

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The required temporary works during construction

Sections of UBBL: Schedules SCHEDULE

TITLE

REMARK

First

Submission Fees

Second

Standard Forms

Third

Ventilation Requirements

M&E considerations

Fourth

Weight Of Materials

Structural considerations

Fifth

Designation Of Purpose Group

For building types

Sixth

Limits Of Unprotected Areas

Architectural considerations for privacy and fire safety

Seventh

Travel Distance, Occupancy Loads And Exits

Architectural and structural considerations

Eighth

Class Of Materials

Spread of flame

Ninth

Limit Of Compartment And Fire Resistant Of Material

Architectural and structural considerations

Tenth

Active Fire Fighting Requirements

M&E considerations

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Amendments Required: General

•

Corrects grammatical and typographical errors

•

Eliminate weakness and loopholes within the by-laws

•

Eliminate ambiguous statements and discrepancies

•

Comply with local terminology or Malaysian Standards (MS)

•

Convert to metric units

•

Simplify definitions

•

Simplify submission forms

Ar. Zahari Zubir 2017

Amendments Required: Technical

•

Take into account modern technology such new building materials, construction methods and building standards

•

Remove obsolete and impractical requirements

•

Add new by-laws such as for atriums, high-rise buildings, additional fire – fighting requirements etc.

•

Provision for disabled persons

•

Provisions for energy efficiency and ‘green’ building needs

•

Provisions for lightning protection

•

Provisions for building services

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2. Basic Concepts of Fire Safety and Protection

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Basic Concepts of Fire Safety and Protection Life safety is the ultimate in building design Covered specifically in PART VII and VIII in the UBBL. Achieved by minimum fire protection on several aspects: • means of escape for occupants • control of spread of fire within the building and from one building to another • means of detection and extinguishment of fire

Active and passive fire protection Active: Manual or automatic fire protection systems such as: fire alarm, detectors (heat & smoke), rising mains, hose reels, fire telephones, CO2 fixed installation, sprinklers, smoke spill system etc. Passive: A planning matter and must be considered at planning stage in the building design in terms of mitigation of fire hazard and fire risk. Basic precautions include selection of fire resisting material, subdivision of building into compartments both vertically and horizontally to contain the outbreak of fire and spread of smoke, heat and toxic fume Ar. Zahari Zubir 2017

Basic Concepts of Fire Safety and Protection (cont.) Fire science Fire is a chemical reaction known as combustion. Factors needed to start a fire: fuel, oxygen, heat and chemical reaction. It can easily be extinguished by removing one of the factors in inhibiting the chemical chain reaction of the combustion process. E.g. remove heat by pouring water on the fire or removing fuel or cutting off oxygen by using fire blanket or foam. Fire protection in building Total fire safety must include structural integrity during fire. Structural failure when occupants are still in building is catastrophic. UBBL requires all building to have minimum structural integrity based on building usage. 3 criteria of fire resistance: Insulation: ability of an element of construction to resist or inhibit the heat Integrity: ability of an element of construction to maintain its shape and structural properties and at the same time preventing the passage of flames and hot gases Stability: ability of an element of construction to maintain overall structural integrity Ar. Zahari Zubir 2017

Good building design (fire safety measures) 1. Provide adequate fire appliances access, fire hydrants and other facilities to assist fire and rescue personnel 2. Provide adequate fixed installation for quick and effective detection and extinguishment of fire 3. Designing and providing adequate and safe escape routes for occupants 4. Selecting materials for construction which will not promote the rapid spread of fire or generate dangerous smoke and gasses 5. Subdividing buildings compartments of reasonable sizes by means of fire resisting walls and floors, providing fire stops or sealant to protect openings between floors and compartments 6. Designing and constructing building exterior so that fire is unlikely to spread to it from another burning building

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3. Basic Fire-fighting Designs: According to the Uniform Building By-laws 1984

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The Architect as a Submitting Person

Submitting Person: a qualified person who submits plans to the relevant authority for approval (UBBL 2) Qualified Person: any architect, registered building draughtsman or engineer (UBBL 2) Architect: any person who is registered as an architect under any law relating to the registration of architects and who under that law is allowed to practise or carry on business as an architect (UBBL 2)

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The Architect as a Submitting Person (cont.) Form A: Certification of Building/Structural Plans “I certify that the details in the plans namely ..........................................for …………………………………..are in accordance with the requirements of the Uniform Building By-laws 1984 and I accept full responsibility accordingly” (UBBL 3[1]c and 16[2]) Failure to Buildings “Notwithstanding that any plan, drawing or calculation has been approved by the local authority, the responsibility for the failure of any building or part of a building shall prima facie lie with the person who submitted such plan, drawing or calculation” (UBBL 258[5])

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Basic terminologies Fire resisting period (FRP): the period for which an element will meet the requirement in respect of transmission of heat or resistance to collapse with passage of flame, expressed in hour e.g. one half hour, one hour, two hours etc. Protected staircase: a staircase separated from the building it serves by partitions having FRP of not less than half hour and which has all openings in such partitions fitted with fixed lights and self-closing doors each having an FRP of not less than half hour Protected corridor: a corridor separated from the building it serves by partitions having FRP of not less than half hour and which has all openings in such partitions fitted with fixed lights and self-closing doors each having an FRP of not less than half hour

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Basic terminologies (cont.) Travel distance: the distance required to be traversed from any point in a storey of a building to either(a) the fire-resisting door in the staircase enclosure; or (b) if there is no such door, the first stair tread of the staircase Dead-end: an area from which escape is possible in one direction only and in an open plan includes any point from which the direct routes to alternative exits subtends an angle of less than 45 degrees Storey exit: a fire rated door to a protected staircase or a protected corridor Exit route: a route by which persons in any storey of a building may reach a place of safety outside the building Final exit: a point of discharge for the escape route from a building providing direct access to the street

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SEVENTH SCHEDULE: Maximum Travel Distance By-laws 165(4),166(2), 167(1) and 170(b)

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SEVENTH SCHEDULE Maximum Travel Distance (cont.) Example: Shop 1. Dead-end Limit - 15 m 2. Max. travel distance when alternative exits are available: • Unsprinkled- 30 m • Sprinkled- 45 m

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Travel distance measurement (UBBL 165[1])

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Travel distance within rooms with less than 6 occupants (UBBL 165[3])

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Travel distance from rooms exceeding 6 person occupancy

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Dead-end travel distance

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Exit and travel distance for â&#x20AC;&#x153;open conceptâ&#x20AC;?

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Dimension of Risers and Treads Treads 255mm min

Riser 180mm max

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Example of bad staircase design

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Example of acceptable staircase design

Recommended staircase design

Other important points: • Number of treads/risers shall not exceed 16 in a single flight (UBBL 108[1]) • Treads shall not be less than 255mm, risers not more than 180mm (UBBL 106[1]) • Width of step to be calculated (UBBL 168) • Depth of landing shall not be less than width (UBBL 106[3]) • Minimum headroom not less than 2 metres measured vertically from any point over the full width of the stairs • Width shall not be reduced along its path to final exit (UBBL 169) • Tread and risers dimension must be constant within a staircase • Every upper floor shall have at least two staircases (UBBL 168) Ar. Zahari Zubir 2017

TENTH SCHEDULE: Table Requirement for Fire Extinguishment, Alarm System and Emergency Lighting By-laws 225(1) and 237(1)

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TENTH SCHEDULE (cont.)

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TENTH SCHEDULE (cont.)

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TENTH SCHEDULE (cont.)

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TENTH SCHEDULE: Notes Note 2: Types of fixed extinguishing system A - Automatic sprinklers B - Water spray system C - High expansion foam system D – Carbon dioxide system E – Halogenated extinguishing system F – Other automatic extinguishing system G – Hose reel H – Hydrant system Note 3: Types of fire alarm 1. Automatic fire detection system 2. Manual electrical fire alarm system 3. Signal indicator alarm system 4. Manual alarm system

Note 4: Types of emergency illumination (a) Signal point system (b) Central battery (c) Generators Ar. Zahari Zubir 2017

TENTH SCHEDULE: Example

Example: 3 Storey Shop, 1000-3000 sq.m. 1. Extinguishing system (Note 2): G- Hose Reel 2. Fire Alarm system (Note 3): 1 & 2- Automatic fire detection system & Manual electrical fire alarm system 3. Emergency Lighting (Note 4): a- Signal point system

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Manual Break Glass: grouped together with Alarm Bell

Dry Powder Fire Extinguishers: intended for use by occupants, located at about 15 metres apart, positioned along exit routes besides exit doors and staircase doors. This type is also for store rooms. Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers: should be installed in all electrical rooms, fire pump rooms and lift motor rooms Fire doors: fire staircase, protected corridors, stores, protected lobbies etc. Ar. Zahari Zubir 2017

Basic Active Fire-Fighting Installation Guide Smoke Detectors: lift lobbies, sleeping accommodations, M&E rooms â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Keluarâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Signs: at all exit doors, along corridors, turns until reaching safe zones Emergency Lights: at all habitable spaces, corridors and staircases Hose Reels: intended for use by occupants, 30 metres apart or 800sq.m. of usable floor area, located in prominent positions at each floor, along escape routes or besides exit doors or staircases Fire Hydrants: intended for firemen, located at roadside, 90 metres apart Ar. Zahari Zubir 2017

Bomba Submission drawings: Sample Legend 1

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Bomba Submission drawings: Sample Legend 2

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Now let’s take a look at samples of actual Bomba Submission drawings…..

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Door & Window Schedules and Natural Light & Ventilation Schedules

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1. Door Schedule

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Door Types

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Door Design: Material

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Door Schedule: Sample

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Door Schedule: Detail Information and Specs.

DESCRIPTION PRESSURED LAMINATED DOOR C/W IRONMONGRIES AND ACCESSORIES TO Manufacturer's Details

TYPE

DOOR LEAF SIZE

D-1

900mm X 2100mm

LOCATION

Offices (4)

4 Sets

Ground Floor

Conference Rooms (2), Offices (4)

6 Sets

First Floor

Conference Rooms (2), Offices (4)

6 Sets

Second Floor

TOTAL

14 SETS

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2. Window Schedule

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Windows: Types and Designs

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Windows: Opening Indicators

Pointing towards the direction of panel swing or slide

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Window Schedule: Sample

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Window Schedule: Detail Information and Specs. DESCRIPTION POWDER COATED ALUMINUM FRAME 6mm THK TINTED GLASS To Manufacturersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Details

TYPE

WINDOW SIZE

W-1

2400mm X 1100mm

LOCATION

Offices (4)

4 Sets

Ground Floor

Offices (4)

4 Sets

First Floor

Offices (4)

4Sets

Second Floor

TOTAL

12 SETS

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Door and Window Legend: Sample

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3. Natural Light & Ventilation Schedule

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Natural Light and Natural Ventilation Requirement: UBBL 39

“Every room designed, adapted or used for residential, business or other purpose…… shall be provided with natural lighting and natural ventilation by means of one or more windows having a total area of not less than 10% of clear floor area of such room and shall have openings capable of allowing a free uninterrupted passage of air of not less than 5% of such floor area.” Ar. Zahari Zubir 2017

(UBBL 39[1])

Natural Light and Natural Ventilation Requirement: UBBL 39 TABLE FOR NATURAL LIGHTING AND NATURAL VENTILATION CALCULATION Natural Lighting No

Room/ Space

Floor Area (sq.m.)

Required: 10% of Floor Area (sq.m.)

Natural Ventilation

Provided Action sq.m.

Required: 10% of Floor Area (sq.m.)

Provided Action sq.m.

1 2 3

Note: Under the ‘Action’ column, indicate the remedy in order to comply (if doesn’t comply) as below: AL – using Artificial Lighting MV- using Mechanical Ventilation Ar. Zahari Zubir 2017

Natural Light and Natural Ventilation Requirement: UBBL 39

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Thank you for your attention!

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LECTURE 3: Fire Fighting Requirements and the UBBL by Ar. Cheryl Ngiam Taylorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s School of Architecture, Building, Design

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Prior to the gazette of Act 133 - The Street, Drainage & Building Act, 1974, architects and engineers, had to study and implement the varying requirements of the many local authorities. The following is the timeline of efforts to resolve the confusions and frustrations of having too many local by-laws and regulations on buildings:

1963 FMSA, the Federation of Malaya Society of Architects, the predecessor of the Pertubuhan Akitek Malaysia (PAM), initiated the setting up of a Uniform Building Legislation Committee to push for a nationwide uniform building by-laws Early 1970â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s The committee did not make much progress. However, much later, when a number of building-related catastrophe such as the collapse of flats and uncontrolled major fire occurred in Kuala Lumpur, the Ministry of Housing and Local Government instructed a review of the various building and planning legislations in respond to these catastrophe. Ar. Zahari Zubir Apr 2014

1973 A draft uniform building by-laws was issued, with further amendments in 1974. The Building By-Laws, which was the pre-cursor to the Uniform Building By-Laws, 1984, was based on the existing Kuala Lumpur and Singapore legislations and recommendations from the Building Research Station, UK. The By-Laws were compiled under the provisions under Section 113 - By-laws - in the Street, Drainage & Building Act, 1974 1976 A Uniform Building Regulations Standing Committee [UBRSC], comprising public and private sectors, made a review of the Kuala Lumpur Municipal (Building) (Amendments) By-Laws, 1975 and it was adopted as the model for the draft Uniform Building Regulations. From this effort, the Ministry of Housing and Local Government issued the draft as the Uniform Building ByLaw, 1976 1978 Amendments included updates on fire requirements on buildings September 12, 1985 Finally it was gazzetted by the Gazette Notification No. 5170/85 Ar. Zahari Zubir Apr 2014

•

Set a standardized building regulations for the whole of Malaysia and applicable to all Local Authorities and building professionals

•

Clarify line of legal responsibilities for buildings with clear definitions on the Principal Submitting Persons

•

Regulate architectural, structural, health & safety, fire protection capabilities and constructional requirements of buildings; with clear references to the approved standards

•

Expedite the processing and building approvals and occupation of buildings

Ar. Zahari Zubir Apr 2014

•

Intended to establish uniformity of standards and control throughout Malaysia

•

Intended to regulate the design and construction and the provision of services, fittings to ensure health, safety, welfare, convenience and to encourage conservation and preventing waste

•

Intended to safe cost and expedite the process of development

•

Provided comprehensive section on fire precaution and safety

•

Specifies the eligibility of the submitting person and their responsibilities

•

Emphasise the use of Malaysian Standards

Ar. Zahari Zubir Apr 2014

•

Malaysia in not entirely urbanised, the disparity of the degree of urbanisation is great. Adversely affects the smaller towns as they are not as wealthy and sophisticated.

•

Building is not exact science, it evolves. There will be new designs, materials and techniques.

•

Different in opinions in interpretations.

Ar. Zahari Zubir Apr 2014

•PART I - Definitions and interpretations used in the by-laws [By-Laws 1 - 2] •PART II - The procedures for submitting plans to the Local Authorities for their approval for permanent and temporary buildings, advertisement and perimeter hoardings [By-Laws 3 - 29] •PART III - The required space [dimensions], light and ventilation to be provided in buildings [By-Laws 30 - 47] •PART IV - The required temporary works during construction [By-Laws 48 - 52] •PART V - Structural requirements and considerations e.g. dead, superimposed and dynamic loads and, structural materials and elements [By-Laws 53 - 80] •PART VI - Constructional requirements e.g. site preparation, constructional materials, method of construction and, architectural and related Structural and M&E requirements [By-Laws 81 - 132] •PART VII - Passive fire protection requirements [By-Laws 133 - 224] •PART VIII -Active fire protection requirements [By-Laws 225 - 253] •PART IX - Miscellaneous definitions and references and, the procedures on reporting on building failures [By-Laws 254 - 258] Ar. Zahari Zubir Apr 2014

•First Schedule

- Submission fees

•Second Schedule - Standard forms •Third Schedule

- Ventilation requirements [M&E considerations]

•Fourth Schedule

- Weight of materials [structural considerations]

•Fifth Schedule

- Designation of purpose group [for building types]

•Sixth Schedule

- Limits of unprotected areas [architectural considerations for privacy and fire safety]

•Seventh Schedule - Travel distance, occupancy loads and exits [architectural and structural considerations] •Eighth Schedule

- Class of materials [spread of flame]

•Ninth Schedule

- Limit of compartment and fire resistant of material [architectural and structural considerations]

•Tenth Schedule

- Active fire fighting requirements [M&E considerations]

Ar. Zahari Zubir Apr 2014

•

Corrects grammatical and typographical errors

•

Eliminate weakness and loopholes within the by-laws

•

Eliminate ambiguous statements and discrepancies

•

Comply with local terminology or Malaysian Standards

•

Convert to metric units

•

Simplify definitions

•

Simplify submission forms

Ar. Zahari Zubir Apr 2014

•

Take into account modern technology such new building materials, construction methods and building standards

•

Remove obsolete and impractical requirements

•

Add new by-laws such as for atriums, high-rise buildings, additional fire – fighting requirements etc.

•

Provision for disabled persons

•

Provisions for energy efficiency and ‘green’ building needs

•

Provisions for lightning protection

•

Provisions for building services

Ar. Zahari Zubir Apr 2014

BASIC FIRE-FIGHTING DESIGNS According to the Uniform Building By-laws 1984

Ar. Zahari Zubir Apr 2014

The Architect as a Submitting Person Submitting Person: a qualified person who submits plans to the relevant authority for approval Qualified Person: any architect, registered building draughtsman or engineer Architect: any person who is registered as an architect under any law relating to the registration of architects and who under that law is allowed to practise or carry on business as an architect Form A: Certification of Building/Structural Plans “I certify that the details in the plans namely (fill in the project title) for (fill in client’s name) are in accordance with the requirements of the Uniform Building By-laws 1984 and I accept full responsibility accordingly” By-law 258 (5) “Notwithstanding that any plan, drawing or calculation has been approved by the local authority, the responsibility for the failure of any building or part of a building shall prima facie lie with the person who submitted such plan, drawing or calculation” Ar. Zahari Zubir Apr 2014

Basic Concepts Life safety is the ultimate in building design Covered specifically in PART 7 and 8 in the UBBL. Achieved by minimum fire protection on several aspects: • means of escape for occupants • control of spread of fire within the building and from one building to another • means of detection and extinguishment of fire Active and passive fire protection Active: Manual or automatic fire protection systems such as: fire alarm, detectors (heat & smoke), rising mains, hose reels, fire telephones, CO2 fixed installation, sprinklers, smoke spill system etc. Passive: A planning matter and must be considered at planning stage in the building design in terms of mitigation of fire hazard and fire risk. Basic precautions include selection of fire resisting material, subdivision of building into compartments both vertically and horizontally to contain the outbreak of fire and spread of smoke, heat and toxic fume Ar. Zahari Zubir Apr 2014

Basic Concepts (cont.) Fire science Fire is a chemical reaction known as combustion. Factors needed to start a fire: fuel, oxygen, heat and chemical reaction. It can easily be extinguished by removing one of the factors in inhibiting the chemical chain reaction of the combustion process. E.g. remove heat by pouring water on the fire or removing fuel or cutting off oxygen by using fire blanket or foam. Fire protection in building Total fire safety must include structural integrity during fire. Structural failure when occupants are still in building is catastrophic. UBBL requires all building to have minimum structural integrity based on building usage. 3 criteria of fire resistance: Insulation: ability of an element of construction to resist or inhibit the heat Integrity: ability of an element of construction to maintain its shape and structural properties and at the same time preventing the passage of flames and hot gases Stability: ability of an element of construction to maintain overall structural integrity Ar. Zahari Zubir Apr 2014

Basic Concepts (cont.) Good building design (fire safety measures) • Provide adequate fire appliances access, fire hydrants and other facilities to assist fire and rescue personnel • Provide adequate fixed installation for quick and effective detection and extinguishment of fire • Designing and providing adequate and safe escape routes for occupants • Selecting materials for construction which will not promote the rapid spread of fire or generate dangerous smoke and gasses • Subdividing buildings compartments of reasonable sizes by means of fire resisting walls and floors, providing fire stops or sealant to protect openings between floors and compartments • Designing and constructing building exterior so that fire is unlikely to spread to it from another burning building

Ar. Zahari Zubir Apr 2014

Exit route: a route by which persons in any storey of a building may reach a place of safety outside the building Final exit: a point of discharge for the escape route from a building providing direct access to the street Ar. Zahari Zubir Apr 2014

SEVENTH SCHEDULE: Maximum Travel Distance By-laws 165(4),166(2), 167(1) and 170(b)

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SEVENTH SCHEDULE Maximum Travel Distance (cont.)

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Travel distance

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Travel distance over steps

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Travel distance within rooms with less than 6 occupants

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Travel distance from rooms exceeding 6 person occupancy

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Dead-end travel distance

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Dead-end travel distance

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Dead-end travel distance over stepped area

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Exit and travel distance for â&#x20AC;&#x153;open conceptâ&#x20AC;?

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Measurements of travel distance to exits

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Dimension of Risers and Treads Riser 180mm max

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Treads 255mm min

Example of bad staircase design

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Example of acceptable staircase design

Recommended staircase design

Other watch points: • Number of treads/risers shall not exceed 16 in a single flight (BL 108[1]) • Treads shall not be less than 255mm, risers not more than 180mm (BL 106[1]) • Width of step to be calculated according to BL 168 • Depth of landing shall not be less than width (BL 106[3]) • Minimum headroom not less than 2 metres measured vertically from any point over the full width of the stairs • Width shall not be reduced along its path to final exit (BL 169) • Tread and risers dimension must be constant within a staircase • Every upper floor shall have at least two staircases (BL 168) Ar. Zahari Zubir Apr 2014

TENTH SCHEDULE: Table Requirement for Fire Extinguishment, Alarm System and Emergency Lighting By-laws 225(1) and 237(1)

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TENTH SCHEDULE (cont.)

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TENTH SCHEDULE (cont.)

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TENTH SCHEDULE (cont.)

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Notes for TENTH SCHEDULE Note 2: Types of fixed extinguishing system A - Automatic sprinklers B - Water spray system C - High expansion foam system D – Carbon dioxide system E – Halogenated extinguishing system F – Other automatic extinguishing system G – Hose reel H – Hydrant system Note 3: Types of fire alarm 1. Automatic fire detection system 2. Manual electrical fire alarm system 3. Signal indicator alarm system 4. Manual alarm system

Note 4: Types of emergency illumination (a) Signal point system (b) Central battery (c) Generators Ar. Zahari Zubir Apr 2014

Legend: Bomba Submission drawings

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Basic Active Fire-Fighting Installation Guide Alarm Bell : grouped together with Manual Break Glass and Dry Powder Portable Extinguishers. Located at visible location, usually near exit routes and staircases. Manual Break Glass: grouped together with Alarm Bell Dry Powder Fire Extinguishers: intended for use by occupants, located at about 15 metres apart, positioned along exit routes besides exit doors and staircase doors. This type is also for store rooms. Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers: should be installed in all electrical rooms, fire pump rooms and lift motor rooms

Ar. Zahari Zubir Apr 2014

Fire doors: fire staircase, protected corridors, stores, protected lobbies etc.

Hose Reels: intended for use by occupants, 30 metres apart or 800sq.m. of usable floor area, located in prominent positions at each floor, along escape routes or besides exit doors or staircases Fire Hydrants: intended for firemen, located at roadside, 90 metres apart Ar. Zahari Zubir Apr 2014

Now let’s take a look at samples of actual Bomba Submission drawings…..

Ar. Zahari Zubir Apr 2014

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

FIRE FIGHTING DRAWING GENERAL NOTES 1. This drawing is copyright and is the property of ANW Architects Sdn. Bhd. No part or whole drawings shall be copied/reproduced without permission. 2. Contractors must check all dimension on sites. Only figure dimensions are to be worked on. 3. All discrepancies must be reported immediately to the architect before proceeding.

LEGENDS

FINISHING LAYER, FLOOR AREA AND FINISH FLOOR LEVEL CEILING FIN. CODE WALL FIN. CODE FLOOR FIN. CODE SKIRTING FIN. CODE VENTILATION ROOM HEIGHT FLOOR AREA

37500 2940

4560

3000

5000

1800

FFL

4200

FINISHING CODES

1710

2850

1870

2695

1505

CEILING FINISHES

P1 1.10

FPC

FIBROUS PLASTER CEILING BOARD ON CONCEALED FRAMING WITH CORNICE

MINERAL FIBRE BOARD ON SUSPENDED METAL TEE

WALL FINISHES AR

1500

H W 02

3675

4800

W 02

D 02

50 dp

FPC CT HT2 HT2 NV 3500mm 13.77 sqm

W 01

1125

MALE TOILET RISER : 173.2mm TREAD : 280mm STEPS : 28

2700

AR CR NV 4850mm 18.70 sqm

1700 25000

2800

4500

AR CR MV 4850mm 18.51 sqm

FFL = + 0.150

LENGTH : 600mm HEIGHT : 50mm RATIO : 1:12

DISABLED TOILET

FPC CT HT2 HT2 NV 3500mm 6.55 sqm

100 up

FFL = + 0.750 AR NV 4850mm 34.67 sqm

AR CR NV 4850mm 69.44 sqm

FFL = + 0.000 150 dp

LIFT CORE

FFL = + 0.650

COURTYARD

FRD 01

ELEC. ROOM

19 18

AR CR MV 4850mm 14.47 sqm

FIRE STAIRCASE 2

LENGTH : 6000mm HEIGHT : 500mm RATIO : 1:12

150 dp

180MM THK. CLAYBRICKS PARTY WALL WITH 25MM THK. CEMENT PLASTERING ON BOTH SIDES

W 01

CORRIDOR D 04

W 06

50 up

MF EP HW CA NV 3500mm 11.77 sqm

FIRE STAIRCASE 1

150 dp

LEVEL ABOVE LINE

RISER : 173.2mm TREAD : 280mm STEPS : 28

LANDSCAPE

ADMIN. OFFICE

FRW 01

150 dp

FRD 02

P1 1.10

LAND OWNER

(LOT 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 & 19 JALAN GEREJA, 50100 KUALA LUMPUR, FEDERAL TERRITORY OF KUALA LUMPUR)

HT2

HOMOGENEOUS TILES WITH EPOXY GROUT FOR JOINTS (200MM X 200MM)

DATO' LIM YEE ZHING

HT3

HOMOGENEOUS TILES WITH EPOXY GROUT FOR JOINTS (300MM X 300MM)

(NRIC 830205-14-5550)

HT6

HOMOGENEOUS TILES WITH EPOXY GROUT FOR JOINTS (600MM X 600MM)

HARDWOOD SKIRTING

DRY POWDER EXTINGUISHER signature :

HOSE REEL

ARCHITECT

WET RISER

R30000

100MM THK. BRICKWALL WITH 25MM THK. CEMENT SAND PLASTER ON BOTH SIDES

D 05

W 07

HOMOGENEOUS TILES WITH EPOXY GROUT FOR JOINTS (600MM X 600MM)

FIRE ALARM & BREAK GLASS

D 05

13 150 dp

HT6

FIRE FIGHTING LEGEND

FFL = + 0.150

FOOD PREP. 1

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

HT3

HOMOGENEOUS TILES WITH EPOXY GROUT FOR JOINTS (300MM X 300MM)

PROPOSED DESIGN OF LOT 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 & 19 INTO 4-STOREY FOOD MARKET AT JALAN GEREJA, 50100 KUALA LUMPUR, FEDERAL TERRITORY OF KUALA LUMPUR.

FIRE FIGHTING SCHEDULES

MF HC HT3 HT3 NV 3500mm 12.81 sqm

RC STAIRCASE TO ENGR'S DETAIL WITH 1000MM HIGHT x 50MM WIDTH M.S. HANDRAIL WELDED ONTO CAST-IN-SITU 40MM x 6MM THK. M.S. PLATE BUSTER AND TO BE PAINT FINISH

150 dp

FFL = + 0.000

FFL = + 0.200

AR NV 16.74 sqm

CEMENT RENDER HOMOGENEOUS TILES WITH EPOXY GROUT FOR JOINTS (200MM X 200MM)

SKIRTING FINISHES

FFL = + 0.150

LOADING BAY

FFL = + 0.100

CARPET

CR HT2

RC LIFT CORE TO ENGR'S DETAIL

Level 5.09 Block E, No. 1 Jalan Taylor's, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. Tel : +603-2282 5550 Fax : +603-2282 5551 Website : www.anwglobal.com Email : info@anwglobal.net

EMERGENCY LIGHT

9 8

4500

WISMA ALLIANZ

6 5 4

SMOKE DETECTOR

FFL = + 0.150

3 2

FOOD PREP. 2

MF HC HT6 HT6 NV 4500mm 153.40 sqm

RC COLUMN TO ENGR'S DETAIL

FRD 02

FFL = + 0.150

LEMBAGA ARKITEK MALAYSIA

MALAYA NAM ANN LOW CLANSMEN ASSOCIATION

FOOD HALL

4000

"KELUAR" SIGN

MF HC HT3 HT3 NV 3500mm 12.81 sqm

signature :

Ar. PUNG JIA CHYI JANET

Professional Architect M. Arch (UCLA, USA) APAM LAM Reg. No. A/P 38 NRIC 780220-01-5088

150 up

"Saya memperakui bahawa detail-detail dalam pelan-pelan ini adalah menurut kehendak-kehendak Undang-undang Bangunan Seragam (Wilayah Perselutuan Kuala Lumpur) 1954 dan saya setuju terima tanggungjawab penuh dengan sewajarnya."

150 up

SET BACK LINE

3000

CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEER

DK Engineering Sdn. Bhd.

(921104-K)

No. 11-12, Jalan Augustine 2/5, 52200 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Tel : +603-2282 8887 Fax : +603-2282 7778 Email : info@dk-engineering.net

LOT BOUNDARY LINE

MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEER

THY Expert & Co.

P1 1.10

(930208-K) Lot 9, Jalan Merdeka, 47100 Puchong, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. Tel : +603-5832 1059 Fax : +603-5832 1060 Email : info@thy_expert.net QUANTITY SURVEYOR

HOO Consultancy Sdn. Bhd.

(930217-K)

No. 20, Jalan Duta Kiara, 50480 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Tel : +603-2929 1000 Fax : +603-2929 2000 Email : info@hooconsultancy.net

CALCULATION TABLE FOR NATURAL LIGHTING AND VENTILATION

GROUND FLOOR

SPACES ADMINISTRATION OFFICE

WINDOW SCHEDULES

DOOR SCHEDULES

AREA (sqm) 11.77

TYPE OF OPENINGS D 04

W 06

W 07

LIGHTING 10% REQUIRED (sqm) PROVIDED (sqm)

1.17

14.49

0.74

5.49

DOOR LEGEND D 02

SINGLE LEAF SWING DOOR WITH 12MM THICK HIGH PRESSURE COMPACT LAMINATE PHENOLIC BOARD

WINDOW LEGEND

DOOR SIZE

LOCATION

NO.

TOTAL

1720MM X 750MM

MALE TOILET FEMALE TOILET

3 3

6 SETS

W 01

TOP HUNG GLASS WINDOW WITH OBSCURED GLASS PANEL

WINDOW SIZE

LOCATION

NO.

TOTAL

300MM X 600MM

MALE TOILET FEMALE TOILET DISABLED TOILET

3 3 1

7 SETS

34.67

W 08

3.47

15.12

1.74

15.12

D 04

SINGLE LEAF SWING DOOR WITH 6MM THICK CLEAR TEMPERED GLASS

2100MM X 900MM

ADMIN. OFFICE

1 SET

W 02

600MM X 450MM

MALE TOILET FEMALE TOILET

1 1

2 SETS

FIRE STAIRCASE 1

18.51

FRD 02

FRW 01

1.85

5.10

0.93

3.00

D 05

SINGLE LEAF SWING DOOR WITH EXTERNAL COMPOSITE AND PAINTED FINISH

2100MM X 900MM

FOOD PREPARATION 1, 2

2 SETS

W 06

CASEMENT WINDOW WITH CLEAR TEMPERED GLASS

1500MM X 2400MM

ADMIN. OFFICE

1 SET

FIRE STAIRCASE 2

14.47

FRD 02

FRW 01

1.45

5.10

0.73

3.00

D 06

DOUBLE LEAF SWING DOOR WITH EXTERNAL COMPOSITE AND PAINTED FINISH

2100MM X 1200MM

REFUSE CHAMBER

1 SET

W 07

FIXED GLASS WINDOW WITH CLEAR TEMPERED GLASS

2500MM X 3600MM

ADMIN. OFFICE

1 SET

FOOD PREPARATION SPACE 1

12.81

D 05

1.28

1.89

0.64

1.89

DOUBLE ALUMINUM LEAF SWING DOOR

2100MM X 1740MM

REFUSE CHAMBER

1 SET

W 08

FIXED LOUVERED WINDOW WITH TIMBER FIN

4200MM X 3600MM

COURTYARD

1 SET

FOOD PREPARATION SPACE 2

12.81

D 05

D 07

1.28

1.89

0.64

1.89

1 SET

2500MM X 1200MM

FIRE STAIRCASES 1, 2

2 SETS

0.66

4.58

0.33

4.58

FRW 01

FIXED GLASS WINDOW WITH FIRE RATED TEMPERED GLASS

6.55

D 10

DISABLED TOILET

TOILET (DISABLED)

COURTYARD

W 02

D 10

SINGLE LEAF SLIDING DOOR WITH EXTERNAL COMPOSITE AND WATER PROOFING FINISH

2100MM X 1050MM

DOUBLE LEAF SWING DOOR WITH THICK LAMINATED SOLID HARDWOOD CORE AND SYNTHETIC RESIN ADHESIVE

2100MM X 1000MM

ELEC. ROOM

1 SET

SINGLE LEAF SWING DOOR WITH THICK LAMINATED SOLID HARDWOOD CORE AND SYNTHETIC RESIN ADHESIVE

2100MM X 1000MM

FIRE STAIRCASES 1, 2 ESCAPE CORRIDOR

2 2

4 SETS

TOILET (MALE)

13.77

D 02

W 01

W 02

1.38

1.79

0.69

1.79

FRD 01

TOILET (FEMALE)

13.77

D 02

W 01

W 02

1.38

1.79

0.69

1.79

FRD 02

TOP HUNG GLASS WINDOW WITH OBSCURED GLASS PANEL

DRAWING TITLE

GROUND FLOOR PLAN DRAWING NO.

2015/ANW/ARC3524/BT2/P1/3B-12 DRAWN BY

CHECKED BY

LIM YEE ZHING 0311195

Ar. PRINCE FAVIS ISIP

SCALE

DATE

1 : 100

06th MAY 2015

SHEET NO.

GFP GROUND FLOOR PLAN P1 1.3B

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

AR CR MV 4850mm 2.87 sqm

FFL = + 0.150

FOOD MARKET

PLASTERED AND PAINTED WITH HYGIENE COATING

FLOOR FINISHES

RC STAIRCASE TO ENGR'S DETAIL WITH 1000MM HIGHT x 50MM WIDTH M.S. HANDRAIL WELDED ONTO CAST-IN-SITU 40MM x 6MM THK. M.S. PLATE BUSTER AND TO BE PAINT FINISH

21 22

PROJECT NAME

GLAZED CERAMIC TILES PLASTERED AND PAINTED WITH INTERNAL QUALITY EMULSION PAINT

SCALE 1 : 100

3B 12 ** NOTE : ALL DRAWINGS ARE TO BE PRINTED ON A1 SIZE PAPER

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

P1 1.10

D 10

FFL = + 0.150

D 06

W 08

AR CR NV 4850mm 136.58 sqm

FRD 02

FRW 01

RISER : 173.2mm TREAD : 280mm STEPS : 28

FFL = + 0.150

FEMALE TOILET

50 dp

FRD 02

REFUSE CHAMBER

AR CR NV 4850mm 4.05 sqm

FFL = + 0.100 50 dp

D 07

150 dp

LIFT CORE FPC CT HT2 HT2 NV 3500mm 13.77 sqm

FFL = + 0.100

R30000

PLASTERED AND PAINTED WITH ACRYLIC PAINT

CT EP

Thank you for your attention

Ar. Zahari Zubir Apr 2014

Notes: Seventh Schedule

LECTURE 4: Schedule of Doors and Windows by Ar. Cheryl Ngiam Taylorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s School of Architecture, Building, Design

According to Design, Type & Framing

Material Specifications, structure & Design

DESCRIPTION PRESSURED LAMINATED DOOR C/W IRONMONGRIES AND ACCESSORIES TO Manufacturer's Details

TYPE

DOOR LEAF SIZE

D-1

900mm X 2100mm

LOCATION

Offices (4)

4 Sets

Ground Floor

Conference Rooms (2), Offices (4)

6 Sets

First Floor

Conference Rooms (2), Offices (4)

6 Sets

Second Floor

TOTAL

14 SETS

Door Schedule with Specifications

Window Type & Design

DESCRIPTION POWDER COATED ALUMINUM FRAME 6mm THK TINTED GLASS To Manufacturersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Details

TYPE

WINDOW SIZE

W-1

2400mm X 1100mm

LOCATION

Offices (4)

4 Sets

Ground Floor

Offices (4)

4 Sets

First Floor

Offices (4)

4Sets

Second Floor

TOTAL

12 SETS

Window Schedule with Specifications

THANK YOU

KEHENDAK-KEHANDAK JABATAN BOMBA & PENYELAMAT BAGI BANGUNAN 1-5 TINGKATKEHENDAK-KEHANDAK JABATAN BOMBA & PENYELAMAT BAGI BANGUNAN 1-5 TINGKAT Pelan Tapak 1. Adakan buah pili bomba jenis tiang pengeluaran dua hala dengan pengeluaran air sebanyak 1362 liter seminit bagi setiap pili bomba dan 2724/4086 lit/min apabila 2/3 buah pili bomba dibuka serentak (Pressurized Hydrant). Paip-paip yang digunakan untuk sistem pili bomba hendaklah dari jenis G.I. kelas `C' atau `Steel Line Cement Pipe'. `Fitting' yang digunakan untuk jenis paip-paip tersebut hendaklah dibuat daripada `Wrought Steel'. 2. Mengadakan 2 talian hos berukuran 64mm x 30m dan sebatang nozzle dari jenis `Jet & Spray' yang ditempatkan di dalam peti cabinet berhampiran dengan tiap-tiap pili bomba. 3. Adakan jalan akses perkakas bomba (access road) dengan kelebaran tidak kurang 6 meter yang boleh menanggung beban 25 tan sepertimana yang ditandakan di dalam pelan. 4. Kecerunan jalan akses perkakas bomba hendaklah tidak kurang 1:12 5. Ketinggian kelegaan hendaklah tidak kurang daripada 5 meter. 6. Jarak antara bangunan hendaklah mematuhi Jadual Ke Enam UBBL 1984. Kehendak-kehendak Am 1. Semua pendawaian elektrik bagi sistem kecemasan hendaklah di dalam konduit logam atau daripada kabel yang mempunyai penebat mineral tahan api. Pemasangannya hendaklah sepanjang kawasan yang paling kurang risiko kebakarannya dan mematuhi UUK 253, UUKBS 1984. 2. Semua elemen struktur hendaklah mempunyai tempoh ketahanan api mengikut UBBL 1984. 3. Adakan sistem pengudaraan bagi tangga keselamatan samada secara biasa atau mekanikal. 4. Semua papan tanda keselamatan kebakaran hendaklah mematuhi MS 982:1985 5. Sila kemukakan tiga (3) set buku operasi mengikut syarat-syarat Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia. Kehendak-kehendak Aktif 1. Adakan unit penggera kebakaran jenis pecah kaca mengikut syarat-syarat penentuan Tatatertib Amalan Piawaian British atau mana-mana yang dibenarkan oleh Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia. 2. Adakan suis pengasingan elektrik (electrical isolation switch) dan hendaklah tidak menjejaskan apabila ia ditutup. 3.. Adakan sistem siaraya awam (public address system) dan pemasangannya hendaklah menepati kehendak-kehendak Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia. 4. Adakan sebuah pusat pemerintahan dan kawalan kebakaran di lantai tetuan (designated floor) yang dilengkapi dengan peti penggera kebakaran. 5. Adakan unit alat pemadam api yang bersesuaian menurut MS 1539:Part1:2002 sepertimana yang ditandakan di dalam pelan. 6. Ruangan lobi lif hendaklah dilindungi dibina dari bahan rintangan api dua jam dan hendaklah dilindungi dengan alat pengesan asap mengikut UBBL 1984. 7. Adakan sistem komunikasi bomba (telefon bomba). Sistem komunikasinya hendaklah tiga hala dan penempatannya didalam tangga keselamatan/lobi menentang kebakaran, bilik motor lif, bilik pam bomba dan bilik jana kuasa. 8. Adakan lampu tanda `KELUAR' kecemasan yang menggunakan dua kuasa karan sepertimana yang ditandakan di dalam pelan. Lampu-lampu tersebut tersebut hendaklah dari jenis yang dibenarkan oleh Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia.

Adakan lampu kecemasan yang menggunakan dua kuasa karan sepertimana yang ditandakan di dalam pelan. Lampu-lampu tersebut hendaklah dari jenis yang dibenarkan oleh Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia.

Kehendak-kehendak Pasif 1. Penggunaan siling bangunan hendaklah menepati kehendak-kehendak UBBL 1984 2. Semua tangga keselamatan hendaklah dikepong dengan tembok batu bata setebal 115mm atau tangga terbuka yang memenuhi kehendak-kehendak UBBL 1984 sepertimana yang ditandakan di dalam pelan 3. Adakan pintu rintangan api satu jam sepertimana yang ditandakan di dalam pelan. Pemasanganya hendaklah tertutup sendiri dan tertutup rapat 4. Dinding bagi setor yang disifatkan merbahaya hendaklah setebal 100mm batu bata dan pintunya dari jenis rintangan api satu jam dipasang dengan 'door-closer' 5. Semua lubang perkhidmatan (sevice shaft) hendaklah ditutup di setiap tingkat dengan bahan rintangan api dua jam 6. Semua bilik bagi penempatan pam bomba dan janakuasa hendaklah dibina dari tembok batu batayang tahan rintangan api dua jam. pintu-pintunya hendaklah dari rintangan api satu jam 7. Semua dinding pembahagi dalaman hendaklah dari jenis rintangan api 1/2 jam dan dari jenis yang dibenarkan oleh Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia Peringatan 1. Segala syarat-syaratyang dikemukakan adalah tertakluk kepada rekabentuk dan kegunaan serta lokasi bangunan tersebut. Sekiranya sebarang perubahan yang dilakukan ke atas rekabentuk atau kegunaanya seperti yang dicatatkan di atas pelan maka hendaklah dirujuk kejabatan ini dikaji semula 2. Segala pemilihan bahan dan penggunaannya yang berkaitan dengan keselamatan kebakaran bagi projek cadangan serta sistem pencegahan kebakaran hendaklah mematuhi UBBL 1984 dan peraturan-peraturan yang diterima sahaja dan yang dibenarkan oleh Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia. 3. Pengesahan pelan ini adalah tidak tertakluk kepada penyimpanan, penggunaan, pemprosesan dan penghasilan bahan berbahaya atau kimia berbahaya setelah pelan disahkan maka pelan bangunan tersebut hendaklah dirujuk kembali ke jabatan ini untuk dikaji semula 4. Pelan lukisan dan pengiraan bagi semua pemasangan tetap hendaklah dikemukakan ke Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia. Jumlah pelan-pelan yang dikemukan hendaklah tidak kurang (3) perenggu 5. Mana-mana premis yang mengendalikan, memproses atau menyimpan bahan-bahan bahaya hendaklah diadakan tanda khas mengikut symbol 'Hazchem Code'. Tanda-tanda hendaklah mudah dilihat.

From design to buildability

Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

What do we mean by buildable? Legally buildable Financially feasible Technically constructible Technically sound detail and specification Structurally possible

Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Legally buildable Comply with building by-laws and codes (with regards to physical parameters and provisions) e.g. : • Building set-back • Building height • Plot ratio • Density • Floor to floor height • Passive fire-fighting

Financially feasible Comply with economic and financial needs e.g. : • Initial cost • Maintenance cost Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Technically constructible Comply with construction logic and practicality e.g. : • Site conditions and topography (e.g. slope, valleys, terrains) • Soil conditions • Environmental conditions (e.g. harsh weather) • Site constrains and restrictions (e.g. tight urban spaces, lack working space) • Access to construction space (e.g. tight spot, inaccessible detail and joints)

Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Technically sound detail and specification Comply with needs and function e.g. : • Finishes (e.g. on walls, timber, metal) • Durability • Maintenance and repairs (e.g. roofing, parapet wall, railing) • Replacement • Fixing methods (e.g. ceiling, doors and window hardware, built-in furniture, decors) • Protection from rain, shine and environment

Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Structurally possible Comply with structural requirement and engineering) e.g. : • Material used (e.g. concrete, steel, timber) • Column size and shape • Column spacing • Beam size and shape • Slab type (e.g. normal, composite) • Structure system (e.g. normal slab and beam, flat slab, wide beam) • Structural anomaly (e.g. cantilevering, transfer beam, sloping beams)

Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Review of Basic Structure Concept and Foundation • Footing • Foundation • Ground beam and slab

• Structure concept

Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Various shapes of concrete pile caps

Form work for pile cap

Column stump Pile cap

Piles

FOOTING AND FOUNDATION Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Triangular pile cap

Square pile cap

Ground beam and column casted Isometric views of system

Formwork for ground beam Simple detail

Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

GROUND BEAM AND SLAB

Basic structural concept for floor slab (Load Transfer): 1. Column supports girder/beam 2. Beam support joist/secondary beams (perpendicular to beams) 3. Secondary beams supports slab (perpendicular to joists)

Floor slab Floor joist Beam

Column

Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

STUCTURAL CONCEPT (LOAD TRANSFER): COLUMN, BEAMS AND FLOOR SLAB

Review of Steel Systems • Steel column & beam with composite floor • Steel column & joist with composite floor • Steel column key pan • Detail

Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Isometric view of system

STEEL COLUMN AND BEAMS WITH COMPOSITE SLAB (DECKING + CONCRETE) Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Isometric view of composite slab

Castellated steel beams

View from underside

STEEL COLUMN AND BEAMS WITH COMPOSITE SLAB (DECKING + CONCRETE) Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Cross section of reinforced slab

Typical view of constructed slab and beam and composite slab

STEEL COLUMN AND BEAMS WITH COMPOSITE SLAB (DECKING + CONCRETE) Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

FLEXIBILITY OF STEEL STRUCTURES: CURVE

Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Reinforcement mesh in place before pouring of concrete Isometric views of system

STEEL COLUMN AND JOIST WITH COMPOSITE SLAB (DECKING + CONCRETE) Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Isometric views of system

Integration of services pipes within joist webs

STEEL COLUMN AND JOIST WITH COMPOSITE SLAB (DECKING + CONCRETE) Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Floor slab Floor joist Beam Column Isometric view of system

STEEL COLUMN AND JOIST WITH COMPOSITE SLAB (DECKING + CONCRETE) Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Joint detailing

I-beam as column

STEEL COLUMNS: SAMPLE KEY PLAN Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Typical column base detailing

Review of Concrete Systems • One-way systems • Two-way systems • Simple two-storey • Multi-storey

Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

CONCRETE STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS: ONE-WAY AND TWO-WAY SLAB SYSTEMS Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Plan view Perspective view

Section

CONCRETE: TWO-WAY SLAB SYSTEM Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

View of underside Plan View

Section

CONCRETE: TWO-WAY JOIST SLAB (WAFFLE SLAB) SYSTEM Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Perspective view

pan

Steel reinforcement and formwork (pans) before pouring of concrete

CONCRETE: TWO-WAY JOIST SLAB (WAFFLE SLAB) SYSTEM Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Exposed bare waffle slab directly used as ceiling

CONCRETE: TWO-WAY JOIST SLAB (WAFFLE SLAB) SYSTEM Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

View of underside

Perspective view

View of capital and drop panel Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Note: No beams but slab is thicker thus heavier

CONCRETE: TWO-WAY WITH DROPPED PANEL SYSTEM

Perspective view

CONCRETE: ONE-WAY SLAB SYSTEM Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Plan view

Perspective view

Section

CONCRETE: ONE-WAY RIBBED SLAB Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Roof truss Roof beam Ceiling

Floor slab Beam Ceiling Column Ground floor slab Ground beam Column stump Footing

CONCRETE: SIMPLE TWO-STOREY STRUCTURE, TWO-WAY SLAB AND BEAM Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Floor slab

Beam

CONCRETE: MULTI-STOREY Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Note: notice there is no dropped ceiling. Aircond., fans and light fixtures most likely are surface mounted

CONCRETE: MULTI-STOREY Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Review of column • Shapes • Spacing and position

Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Reinforced concrete column shapes

COLUMN SHAPES

Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Note: Steel columns and beams requires Steel column shapes Fire-Proofing, via. spray or cladding

Rough column positioning

COLUMN SPACING AND POSITION Column spacing after rationalisation Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

COLUMN SPACING AND POSITION Columns ‘disappear’ as the walls are planned to ‘merge’ with columns

Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

COLUMN SPACING AND POSITION Same layout: columns are well ‘organised’ Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

COLUMN SPACING AND POSITION Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Similarly, columns ‘disappear’ as the walls are planned to ‘merge’ with columns

COLUMN SPACING AND POSITION Same layout: columns are well ‘organised’ Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Example of good column and wall arrangement

COLUMN SPACING AND POSITION

Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

• Columns are well ‘organised’ • Walls either internal or external are aligned at columns so as to make the columns ‘disappear’ • No column in the middle of rooms or spaces • Staircase and lift are adjacent and within column grid

Review of structure-services integration • Concealment

• Services above ceiling • Structure-services integration

Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Do you want your services to be fully concealed?

Do you want your services to be exposed and unfinished?

CONCEALMENT OF SERVICES Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Do you want your services to be exposed but finished?

Fire fighting pipes

Sanitary plumbing

SERVICES ABOVE CEILING REQUIRING COVERING UP Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Cold water pipes

Fire fighting pipes

Electrical trunking

SERVICES ABOVE CEILING REQUIRING COVERING UP Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Air-cond. ducting

Ceiling tee installation

Note: Complicated running of air-cond. ducting services. Architects are required to coordinate the outlet as to streamline the reflected ceiling plan

SERVICES ABOVE CEILING REQUIRING COVERING UP Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Plaster ceiling installation

Beam

SERVICES ABOVE CEILING REQUIRING COVERING UP Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

SERVICES COVERED UP: PLASTER CEILING COMPLETED Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Ceiling/room height

Services space

INTEGRATION OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEM AND M&E SERVICES Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Floor to floor height

Structure

INTEGRATION OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEM AND M&E SERVICES

SERVICES FROM CEILING Floor to floor height Ceiling height

Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Floor slab Ceiling board Column

INTEGRATION OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEM AND M&E SERVICES

SERVICES FROM FLOOR AND CEILING

Ceiling height Floor to floor height

Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Air-cond. from floor

Column Ceiling board (services from ceiling: light, sprinkler, water) Raised floor (services from floor: air.cond. electricity, telephone) Floor slab

Review of roof • Roof form • Truss

• Portal frame • Space frame

• Tiled roofing • Metal deck roofing

Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

BASIC ROOF FORMS Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

TRUSS FORMS

TRUSS NOMENCLATURE Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Truss on column

Portal frame

PORTAL FRAME Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Large columnâ&#x20AC;&#x201C; free spaces: warehouse, sports facility

PORTAL FRAME USAGE Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Perspective view of system

Typical detail of rod

Typical detail of one unit of Space Frame

SPACE FRAME Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Space frame as large span roof

Curved application

Space frame used as open porch

Space frame as grandstand roof

Space frame as large span roof for interior spaces

Note: Suitable for roof as it can cater only self weight SPACE FRAMES Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Battens Rafter or truss Roof tile Fascia board

Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Note: Suitable for smaller roof and at lower level as to be appreciated. Has different type of substructure compared to metal deck roof

TILED ROOF

Different profiles Versatile in terms of shape forming Types of metal available: • Galvanise steel • Zinc-aluminium • Copper • Tin • Lead • Aluminium • Stainless steel

Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Note: Suitable for larger span roof. Has different type of sub-structure compared to tiled roof

Different colours

METAL DECK ROOF

Other issues • Cantilever • Staircase

• Transfer beam • Skylight

Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Note: For short span only as it presents a lot of stress to the connecting beam/structure

Concrete cantilever for balconies Concrete cantilever

Steel cantilever

CANTILEVERING Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Note: Staircases preferably to be attached to column or within the structure grid for ease of construction

POSITIONING STAIRCASES WITHIN THE STRUCTURAL COMPONENT Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Note: Transfer beams are not advisable as it requires the deepening of the support beam.

TRANSFER BEAM Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Kerb

Note: Can take many form, different types of glazing. To provide sufficient kerb to prevent leaking

SKYLIGHT/ATRIUM Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Conclusion • Structural concept • Foundation

• Steel or concrete • Column sizes

• Column spacing and position • Integration of structure – M&E services • Roofing system Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Note: Understand the • Foundation • Footing • Ground floor slab • Column Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

BUILDING SECTION: LOWER TO GROUND LEVEL

Note: Understand the • Column • Beam • Slab • Services • Ceiling • Ceiling height • Floor to floor height Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

BUILDING SECTION: INTERMEDIATE LEVELS

Note: Understand the • Roof system • Truss • Roof slab • Services Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

BUILDING SECTION: UPPER AND ROOF LEVELS

BUILDING SECTION : OVERALL Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

COMPLETED BUILDING

Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Thank you

Ar Zahari Zubir 2016

Architectural Drawing CONVENTION

Architectural Drawing CONVENTION Building Technology 2 Prince Favis Isip

What do you mean by Drawing Convention for Architects?

It is the universal language which architects uses to communicate design with fellow architects and its allied professionals.

1.0 INTRODUCTION

CONTENTS

SIGNIFICANCE, IMPORTANCE & CONSIDERATIONS FOR DRAWING CONVENTIONS FOR ARCHITECTS

“ARCHITECTS IS A PROFESSIONAL THAT DRAW BUILDINGS” AS EASY AS IT MAY SOUND FOR CLIENTS

THE ROLE OF ARCHITECT IS NOT AS EASY AS WHAT THEY ALWAYS THINK. AS AN ARCHITECT WE ARE EXPECTED TO COME UP WITH THE MOST CREATIVE DESIGN, BUT AT THE SAME TIME THE MOST CORRECT AND WELL STUDIED PLAN AND DESIGN

THESE SET OF IDEAS ARE SHOWN IN THE FORM OF DRAWINGS. THESE SET OF DRAWINGS ARE : AS ACCURATE OR PRECISE,;AS COMPREHENSIVE OR COMPLETE AND AS UPDATED OR RELEVANT AS IT CAN BE.

A SET OF DRAWINGS THAT MAY HAVE ALL ITS COMPLEXITIES , ARE TO BE SIMPLIFIED TO BE UNDERSTOOD BY ALL, INCLUDING LAYMAN WORKERS & CLIENTS).

ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS ARE DRAWN IN THE MOST ACCURATE & COMPREHENSIVE MANNER.

READING A PLAN IS LIKE READING A NEWSPAPER, IT SHOULD BE FULL WITH INFORMATIONS. DRAWINGS THAT ARE CONVEYED IN A WELL ORGANIZED, COORDINATED , CLEAR AND EFFECTIVE MANNER.

DRAWINGS SHOULD USE THE MOST APPROPRIATE SCALE.

DRAWING COMPONENT SHOULD BE PRECISELY COORDINATED.

DRAWINGS SHOULD BE COMPLETELY LABELLED, NO ROOM FOR GUESSING AND ERRORS.

ALL DRAWINGS SHOULD HAVE COMPLETE DIMENSIONS WRITTEN AND PLACED IN A MOST SYSTEMATIC WAY.

USE OF STANDARD & UNIVERSALLY RECOGNIZED SYMBOLS, SUCH AS, BUILDING MATERIALS, FIXTURES & OTHERS.

2.0 EXECUTION OF DRAWINGS

CONTENTS

LETTERING & NOTES NORTH ARROWS & SECTION LINE SCALE & MEASUREMENTS LINE WEIGHT & LINE MEANINGS LEGENDS & SYMBOLS DIMENSIONING TITLE BLOCKING ANNOTATION, CALL OUTS & GRIDS SPECIFICATIONS &NOTES

LETTERING & WRITING TEXTS - USE OF ARCHITECTURAL LETTERING, WHICH MEANS: CLEAR, SIMPLE AND EASY TO RECOGNIZE AND READ. - HIERARCHY IN WRITING THRU SIZES & LAYOUT.

Titles TEXTS All entities on a drawing must have a title whether it is a plan view, elevation, section, detail, note column, symbols legend, etc. Titles are lettered large enough catch the viewers eye. Generally the lettering 2.5mm- 12.5mm high. To accent the titles even more they are underlined

FRONT ELEVATION SCALE

1;100 MTS

NORTH ARROW & SECTION LINE

North Arrows The purpose of a north arrow is to indicate the north direction and therefor the orientation of the building in relation to the sun.

Section Line Because of the complexity of architectural drawings cutting plane lines are generally omitted and only the arrow indicating the direction of sight of the section view is shown. The section call out consists of a 8-10 mm" diameter circle, an arrow indication the direction of sight, and two numbers.

Name of the section view

B A-5 Sheet reference

A-5

Common scale used for drawings

- SITE PLAN , LOCATION AND KEY PLAN , ARE NORMALLY DRAWN IN SMALLER SCALE. COMMON 1:500, 1:300 OR 1:200 MTS. - FLOOR PLANS, ELEVATION S AND SECTIONS ARE EITHER IN SCALE 1:100 , 1:75 OR 1:50 DEPENDING ON THE SIZE OF THE BUILDING. - DETAILED SECTION / SPOT DETAILING/ BLOW UP DETAILS (WALL , FLOOR, & OTHERS) ARE DONE IN SCALE 1:20, 1:10 OR BIGGER . - ALL DRAWINGS MUST BE SCALED .

Metric

Architectural

1 : 200

1/32" = 1'-0" 1/16" = 1'-0"

Engineering 1" = 5000' 1" = 2500' 1" = 1250' 1" = 1000' 1" = 500' 1" = 200' 1" = 100' 1" = 50' 1" = 40' 1" = 30' 1" = 20'

Common uses site plans site plans site plans site plans site plans site plans site plans site plans site plans site plans floor plans, building elevations and sections

1 : 100

1/8" = 1'-0"

1" = 10'

floor plans, building elevations and sections

1 : 50

1/4" = 1'-0"

1" = 5'

floor plans, elevations, sections*

1 : 30 1 : 20

3/8" = 1'-0" 1/2" = 1'-0" 3/4" = 1'-0"

1" = 2'

interior elevations enlarged plans, sections

1 : 10

1" = 1'-0" 1-1/2" = 1'-0"

1:5

3" = 1'-0"

door, window, cabinet details, etc.

1:2

half full size

door, window, cabinet details, etc.

1:1

full size

door, window, cabinet details, etc.

1 : 5000 1 : 2500 1 : 1250 1 : 1000 1 : 500

1" = 1'

wall sections, foundation, intersection of walls and other connections

Alphabet of lines

STAIR CUTTING LINE LINE WEIGHT

LEGENDS & SYMBOLS

 CAREFULLY STUDY THE PLACEMENT OF DIMENSIONS.  MAKE DIMENSIONS ORDERLY & EASY TO READ.  IF POSSIBLE USE ALIGNED AND STACK DIMENSIONING.  EXTENSION LINES SHOULD BE LIGHT ABD SHOULD NOT TOUCH THE EXTREMITY OF DRAWING.  DIMENSION LINES SHOULD BE LIGHT AND CONTINUOUS.  NORMAL PLAN CONSISTS OF 3 LAYERS OF DIMENSION LINE  NUMERIC VALUE SHOULD BE PLACED ABOVE THE DIMENSION LINES/  AVOID CROSSING DIMENSION LINES.  NUMERIC DIMENSIONS SHOULD BE READ FROM LEFT TO RIGHT.Q  DO NOT REPEAT DIMENSIONS.  EACH DRAWINGS SHOULD REQUIRE DIFFERENT TYPES OF DIMENSION.  THE SMALLEST S DIMENSIONS SHOULD BE PLACED NEAREST AND THE LARGEST THE FARTHEST.

DIMENSIONING

16'-0"

OPEN CLOSED SOLID SLASH

GRIDS & CALL OUTS Grid lines ď&#x192;ź Use vertical and horizontal "grid" lines, primarily to designate structural items, especially columns, but also load-bearing walls or shear walls. ď&#x192;ź Can also be used to show a "module" that may not be related to the structure. ď&#x192;ź Vertical grid lines have "bubbles" at the top (numbered from left to right), while horizontal grid lines have "bubbles" at the right, lettered from bottom to top.

Note: Do not use the letters O or I (which Resemble the numbers 0 and 1)

3.0 DRAWING COMPONENTS

CONTENTS LOCATION PLAN/VICNITY MAP KEY PLAN SITE PLAN FLOOR PLAN ELEVATIONS SECTIONS PERSPECTIVE DRAWINGS / 3 D DRAWINGS SCHEDULE OF DOORS & WINDOWS DETAILING/ SPOT DETAILING/ DETAILED SECTIONS/ OTHERS SPECIFICATIONS &NOTES

TITLE BLOCK Title Blocks Title blocks are a very important part of the overall drawing. They contain information not given directly on the drawing with dimensions or notes.

Title of the project/name of the drawing Name and address of the client. Name and address of the architectural company. Date of the completion of the drawing package. Scale of the drawing. Drawing Number. Architect's professional stamp. The height of the lettering should follow in accordance with their relative importance. The drawing number should receive the greatest emphasis and have a height greater than 6mm. The drawing name, title of the project, clients name, and the name of the architectural company should follow with a letter height of 2.0 mm. The addresses, the date, and the scale should have a height of 1.5 mm. DATE and SCALE should receive the least emphasis and have a letter height of 1.0 mm.

GENERAL NOTES • SAMPLE ONLY • ALL CONTRACTORS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR: 1. Verifying all drawings, specifications, dimensions and measurements as well as site conditions and notifying the designer of all the discrepancies and omissions before commencing work. 2. Submitting samples and shop drawings for review and approval by the designer before commencing work . 3. Ensuring that all work is in keeping with all national building codes. 4. All necessary repairs, patching and cleaning of the site during and after completion of work. 5. All works specified on the drawings and specifications and supplying necessary materials and labor required to complete all phases of work in accordance with the architects’ standards.

General Notes Notes are classified as general notes and as local notes. Notes are lettered horizontally on a sheet with guidelines and arranged in a systematic manner.

NOTES AND SPECIFICATIONS

FINISHING BOX CONFERENCE ROOM ROOM DESIGNATION (NAME OF ROOM) GB (GYPSUM) FLOOR AREA

GYPSUM VENTILATION TYPE

CEILING FINISH

WALL FINISH

FAN VENTILATON TYPE

WOOD SKIRTING

NOTE: - To be placed in every room or area in the building floor plan (s). - Text should be readable and clear. - Incase text box cannot fit area or room due to scale or limited space, a pointer can be used to place finishing box outside but adjacent to the room or space.

PROJECT TITLE •

• • •

CADANGAN PEMBANGUNAN SATU BLOK BANGUNAN 4-TINGKAT BESERTA 2-TINGKAT TEMPAT LETAK KERETA BAWAH TANAH YANG MENGANDUNGI: a) 2-TINGKAT RUANG KOMERSIAL DAN b) 2-TINGKAT UNIT KEDIAMAN DI ATAS LOT 1-5, JALAN TUN H.S.LEE, KUALA LUMPUR, DALAM BANDAR KUALA LUMPUR BAGI TETUAN TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY

• PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT OF ONE BLOCK 4-STOREY BUILDING WITH 2-STOREY BASEMENT CAR PARKING CONSISTING OF : a) 2-STOREY OF COMMERCIAL SPACE AND b) 2-STOREY OF RESIDENTIAL UNITS •

ON LOT 735, JALAN TUN H.S.LEE, KUALA LUMPUR FOR TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY.

 ROADS AND CARPARKS  NORTH POINT/ARROW  TRAFFIC DIRECTIONS  BUILDING SET-BACK LINES  NEW AND EXISTNG INFRASTRACTURE (PORTION OF THE IMMEDIATE SORROUNDING.  ACCESS ROADS & WIDTH  MAIN ENTRANCE/ACCESS  DRAWING TITLE  SCALE OF DRAWING  INFO OF ADJACENT LOTS  INFO OF ADJACENT ROADS  NOTATIONS  DIMENSIONS  STRUCTURES ON SITE  LAND CONTOUR (SLOPE, TERRAIN, ETC)  SITE PLAN TO USE THE ROOF PLAN VIEW NOT THE GROUND FLOOR PLAN.  BOMBA NOTES..

SITE PLAN

KEY PLAN

- To show 5.0 KM radius of Siteâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Vicinity

SITE PLAN

 LEGENDS AT EVERY PAGE; BOMBA (RED COLOUR). FINISHES, DOORS, & WINDOWS.  STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS ARE DRAWN BOLDEST (WALLS, & COLUMNS)  COMPLETE DIMENSIONING (3 LAYERS)  DOOR INDICATIONS  WINDOW INDICATIONS  STAIRS ARE DRAWN WITH CUTTING LINES & DIRECTIONAL ARROWS.

 ELEMENTS THAT ARE ABOVE OR BELOW THE CUTTINE ARE DRAWN AS BROKEN , HIDDEN OR DASH LINE  A TITLE , NORTH ARROW AND SCALE INDICATOR ARE REQUIRED ON ALL PLANS.  INDICATE SECTION LINE .  ROOM INFORMATION / FINISHES BOX SHOWN IN EVERY ROOM AND AREAS.  NO NEED TO SHOW SITE BOUNDARY

FLOOR PLAN

ROOF PLAN

 ROOF MATERIAL  WATER TANKS (IF APPLICABLE)  LIFT MOTOR ROOM (IF ANY)  SKYLIGHT (IF APPLICABLE)  RAINWATER OUTLET, GUTTERS  ROOF PITCH (ANGLE INDICATOR)  DIMENSIONS AND GRIDS

 SPECIFICATIONS

 INDICATE NATURAL GROUND LINE.. NORMALLY IN THICK /BOLD LINE.  WINDOWS AND DOORS LOCATION

 WINDOW & DOOR CALL OUTS  ANNOTATION S & SPECIFICATIONS FOR EXTERIOR FINISHES  GRID CALL OUTS  VERTICAL DIMENSIONS  ROOF FINISHING & DESIGN  OVERHANGS  LABELING AND SCALE INDICATORS

ELEVATIONS

 GRID LINES  EARTH SOIL HATCHING  FOOTING & FOUNDATION  LEVELLING (FLOOR FINISH LINES  WALL HATCHING  VERTICAL DIMENSION  CEILING LINE (DROP CEILING)

 SPECIFICATION (MATERIALS)  FIXTURES  INTERIOR WALL FINISHES  SECTION OF DOORS, WINDOWS (FENESTRATIONS)  ANNOTATIONS  DRAWING TITLE WITH SCALE INDICATOR  SALB AND BEAM HATCHING  ROOM AND SPACE NAMES

SECTIONS

DOOR & WINDOWS SCHEDULE

4.0 DRAWING SAMPLES & LAYOUTS

CONTENTS

SAMPLE RESIDENTIAL PROJECT SHEET 1- KEY PLAN, LOCATION PLAN SITE PLAN, NOTES & LEGENS SHEET 2 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; FLOOR PLAN , ELEVATIONS, NOTES & LEGENDS

5.0 CALCULATING VEHICULAR PARKING REQUIREMENTS

CALCULATION FORMULA