Degree Lecture Notes - Design studio by Sheilly Tan

The Art of Architectural Presentation Hafiz Amirrol

Contents

Purpose

Visual

Verbal

A. Purpose

Presentation as Narrative Presentation as Analysis

David Bowie, image transformation, 1960 - 2010

David Bowie, album covers, 1960 - 2010

Pink Floyd, Mark Fisher (art director), The Wall Concert, 1980-81

Genesis, The Lamb Lies Down on Broadway Concert, 1974

Stanley Kubrick, cinematography principles for various film

Wes Anderson, cinematography principles for various film

Rem Koolhaas, Elia Zenghelis, Zoe Zenghelis and Madelon Vriesendorp, Exodus, or the Voluntary Prisoners of Architecture, 1972

Madelon Vriesendorp and Rem Koolhaas, Paintings for Delirious New York, 1975

Techniques Sketch Studies

B. Visual

Schematic Drawings Details Form

Ng Seksan, sketch studies, year unknown

Ng Seksan, color pencil on mylar, year unknown

Author unknown, Decay Section, years unknown

Hafiz Amirrol and Jamsyid Idrus, KLIA Airport Dormitory Township, 2015

Julin Ang, Diploma 11, AA School of Architecture, Urban Emptiness, 2011

Julin Ang, Diploma 11, AA School of Architecture, Urban Machines, 2011

Julin Ang, Diploma 11, AA School of Architecture, Metabolism of the City, 2011

Julin Ang, Diploma 11, AA School of Architecture, Axonometric Studies, 2011

Stephen Marshall, Diploma 11, AA School of Architecture, Empty Institutions, 2011

Stephen Marshall, Diploma 11, AA School of Architecture, Collage City, 2011

Stephen Marshall, Diploma 11, AA School of Architecture, Hackney Recomposed-drawings, 2011

Stephen Marshall, Diploma 11, AA School of Architecture, Hackney Recomposed-model montage, 2011

Wynn Chandra, Diploma 11, AA School of Architecture, Axonometric Studies, 2011

Wynn Chandra, Diploma 11, AA School of Architecture, Core Model, 2011

Wynn Chandra, Diploma 11, AA School of Architecture, Material Studies, 2011

Wynn Chandra, Diploma 11, AA School of Architecture, Library Corridor, 2011

Atelier Bow Wow, House Section, 2000

Atelier Bow Wow, House Section, 2006

Morphosis, Lawrence House Sections, 1989

Morphosis, Projection Drawings 1, 2005

Morphosis, Projection Drawings 2, 2005

Hafiz Amirrol, Shibuya Love Hotel, 2008

Hafiz Amirrol, Tower Hill Analysis, 2008

Peter Salter, Oriental Studies Museum Extension, 1982

a21, a21house, 2012

a21, Saigon House, 2015

Neil Denari, Tokyo International Forum Competition, 1989

Neil Denari, Prototype House Tokyo,1992

Neil Denari, Details Design Studio, 1992

OFFICE: Kersten Geers David Van Severen, Drawing for a Competition Entry, 2015

García López, Reinvigorating Urban Atmospheres, 2013

Hafiz Amirrol and Jamsyid Idrus, KL Vertical City, 2015

Hafiz Amirrol and Jamsyid Idrus, Gamuda Idea Blox, 2015

Hafiz Amirrol, Museum Nasional Indonesia, 2012

Hafiz Amirrol, The Creative Laboratory District for Bandung, 2010

Hafiz Amirrol, Facade Design Competition for RSPUI, 2011

Max Dudler, Parochialkirche, 2014

Hafiz Amirrol and Jamsyid Idrus, Bukhary Residence, 2014

WOB 1997

Hafiz Amirrol and Jamsyid Idrus, Bukhary Residence, 2014

Graber Pulver, ElysĂŠe Mudac Museum, 2016

Caruso St John, Facade Details, year unknown

Schneider TĂźrtscher Architekten, Facade Details, 2012

Bartscher Architekten, Facade Details, year unknown

Max Dudler, Bibliothek Heidenheim, 2012

Frederic Bojesen, Diploma Unit 10, AA School of Architecture, 2013

Gallego Pachรณn, Madrid Cyclespace 1, 2016

Gallego Pachรณn, Madrid Cyclespace, 2016

AA Project Review, Year End Exhibition, 2015

Penn State College of Art and Architecture, Year End Exhibition, 2011

New Castle University, Year End Exhibition, 2014

Universitas Pelita Harapan, Waktu Adalah Ruang Exhibition, 2015

Scripts

C. Verbal

Structure Engagement

URBAN INFILL / COMMUNITY LIBRARIES

IDEA STORE, WHITECHAPEL / David Adjaye

• • • • • •

Tower Hamlets in London, fewer than 20% of its residents ever set foot inside a library The biggest complaint about the old libraries were they weren’t conveniently located Community want the libraries to be in the high street, where they could pop in while shopping David Adjaye, a london based architect was commissioned by the council to design the libraries – the idea store. The first Idea Stores(2002) was a conversion of an existing building in Bow and it has tripled the visitors numbers of the 2 old libraries it replaced. The council close all its libraries & replace them with just 7 “Idea Stores” that put a library, café, adult education classes and computer access under one roof

How it started.

Located between 2 heavily active areas(North-Sainsburyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s supermarket: South-wide street filled with market stalls. Pivotal place that will become a focus for the local community

The site.

Urban sprawl through time.

SITE

Land use.

Data collections.

challenges safety and quality of the pedestrian environment ease of movement through the area access to employment and support for small businesses, range and diversity of the retail offer the need for more leisure facilities.

Social & economic context

The building is particularly interesting for the way it addresses and engages with the street and public realm. The facade is suspended over and above the footpath area which accommodates market stalls, the building partly enveloping the streetscape within itself, and blurring the boundary between building and streetscape. The entry escalator to Level 1 is located between the building and this external glass facade.

Urban response.

The building is essentially a rectangular block with a series of strata and this responds to the layering and horizontality of London

Urban response.

5 storey block with a 2 storey section at the rear to the north lower section allows light to penetrate into the buildings in the evenings & reduces the buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s dominance over the pedestrian passage on East side and the Sainsburyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s car park The outdoor decked area engages with the car park like a bridge across 2 banks of a river gathers the landscape, the landscape cannot be understood without the bridge

Massing studies

• • • •

The Idea Store is arranged as a series of 4 decks-5 levels including the ground floor. It stacked in a tower-like fashion The plans revolves around a large central core housing(fire escape staircase, 2 lifts toilets & storage Each level has a classroom& on the 4th floor café on the west side has views over the tops of neighbouring buildings towards the towers of 30 St Marry’ s Axe and Tower 42

Arrangement.

Adjaye conceived the faรงade to wrap around a frame like the market awnings with the arrangement of the timber fins and aluminium mullions The wrapping notion is strongest along the west faรงade & around the lower block to the rear in a more regular and orthogonal fashion

skins.

/ 98.9% of those who expressed an opinion agreeing that libraries and Idea Stores are important to the people of Tower Hamlets. They also view Idea Stores and Libraries as contributing to 57 community cohesion. / 92.2% of respondents agreed that Idea Stores help bring together people from different backgrounds and / 90.5% felt that Idea Store bring together people of different ages. / almost two-thirds of users of the services rated them as excellent or good, should give weight to the potential to develop and introduce new stores at some point in the future.

Response of the community.

PECKHAM LIBRARY / ALSOP & STORMER

•

• •

Peckham has traditionally suffered from high levels of unemployment and crime rates Gang violence is common here Ethnically diverse: Black African 35.67% , White British 25.73% and Black Caribbean 15.45%

Social & economic context

Regenerates Community Issue â&#x20AC;˘ â&#x20AC;˘

High crime rates Bad impression on the neighbourhood

How? African- Caribbean centre and community advice centre were established to cater for the community

Fitness center

Market

Site Plan • The library is situated between Hill Street and High Street in the area known as Peckham Rye, creating a boundary for an outdoor plaza area along with the Troughton MacAslan Arch and the Pulse Fitness Centre • Located near to the market and Peckham Fitness center • The ground level arcade creates a cross axis to the Arch, expressing a “circular hub” for pedestrian access

Vehicles Cycles Pedestrian

Road Network

Trees Ground Cover

Vegetation

Sun Path

Massing •

•

the architect wanted to create a building big enough to welcome a library and few offices, without looking too massive and heavy. He raise up a part of the structure, so as to keep less contact with the ground as possible. This modification gives us a feeling of lightness, and in spite of this modification, there is no loose of space, its transformed in a covered external space, keeping the aim of the building.

Pre-painted Copper (East, South , West façade and roof) •

• •

When exposed to the atmosphere, copper oxide film forms, changing the surface colour of copper from salmon pink to light green colour. aesthetically, it clearly makes the building stand out. The cooper facade used as a protection against the violence of Peckham

Response of the community.

Historical timeline / Massing & landuse / Pedestrian flow & connectivity / Social economic pattern / Sunpath / environmental studies.

recap.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CSelyZKUJ9o https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ifGdhS-F360

Urban response in asian cities.

Fundamental definitions in UD

By Dr Suchi

Role of urban design

Role of ud 1.1. Scope of Urban Design Urban design has replaced the "civic design" which dealt primarily with city halls, museums, streets, boulevards, parks and other open spaces since 1960s. However there is not a consensus about the definition and boundaries of urban design. Urban Design is, • The process of giving physical design direction to urban growth, conservation, and change • The design of cities - 'a grand design' • The interface between architecture, landscape and town planning • The complex relationships between all the elements of built and unbuilt space (DoE, 1996) • The architecture of public space

Role of ud Goals and principles describing urban design can be grouped under eight major headings: • Place, • Density, • Mixed and compatible uses, • Pedestrianization and human scale, • Human culture, • Public realm, • Built environment • Natural environment Urban Design: the planning and design of cities focusing on the three dimension form and function of public and publicly accessible space.

Definitions Urban Solids: • Public Monuments or institutions (Ziggurat, Pyramid, Gothic or Baroque Churches etc.) • Urban Blocks (Krier’s mission is to reconstruct the traditional urban block as the definer of streets and square) • Edge-defining Buildings -establish an edge of the district- (Berlage’s Housing district in Amsterdam, 1915) 5 Urban Voids: • Entry foyer space –establishes the important transition from personal domain to common territory- (fore court, mews, niche, lobby, front yard) • Inner block void –a semi private residential space for leisure or utility- (courtyard and covered passage) • Network of streets and squares –places to spend time in and corridors through which to move• Public parks and gardens –nodes for the preservation of nature in the city, places for recreation• Linear open-space system commonly related to major water features such as rivers, waterfronts, and wetland zones.

Fundamental definitions in UD Wayfinding: the information available to people which they need to find their way around the city and can be verbal, graphic, architectural and spatial. Human Scale: the quality of the physical environment which reflects a sympathetic proportional relationship to human dimensions and which contributes to the citizenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s perception and comprehension of the size, scale, height, bulk and/or massing of buildings or other features of the built environment. Sense of place: the feeling associated with a location, based on a unique identity and other memorable qualities. Connectivity or Permeability: Connectivity (or permeability) refers to the directness of links and the density of connections in a transport network. A highly permeable network has many short links, numerous intersections, and minimal dead-ends. As connectivity increases, travel distances decrease and route options increase, allowing more direct travel between destinations, creating a more accessible and resilient transportation system (TDM Encyclopedia, 2009) By Dr Suchi

Fundamental definitions in UD Public realm is defined as - the parts of the city (whether publicly or privately owned) that are available for everyone to see and use without charge, 24 hours a day, including streets, squares and parks. Public realm includes all the spaces between buildings that can be freely accessed, it encompasses all outdoor areas including roads, parks, squares, pedestrian routes and cycleways. Outdoor space should stimulate the senses, yet remain human in scale. The condition and quality of our streets and spaces have a major impact on our quality of life, it is therefore important to understand how design and quality development can help to create successful places Site Plan: a plan prepared to scale, showing accurately with dimensions the boundaries of the site and the location of all buildings, structures, natural features, uses and principal site design features, proposed for a parcel of land.

By Dr Suchi

Fundamental definitions in UD Pedestrian: all people on foot or moving at walking speed, including those who use mobility aids (wheelchairs, scooters, etc.), persons with strollers and buggies, and frail elderly persons. Pedestrian-oriented: an environment designed to make movement by pedestrians fast, attractive and comfortable for various ages and abilities; considerations include separation of pedestrian and auto circulation, street furniture, clear directional and informational signage, safety, visibility, shade, lighting, surface materials, trees, sidewalk width, intersection treatment, curb cuts, ramps and landscaping. Pedestrian-oriented Uses: uses which rely on pedestrian traffic for the majority of their business such as retail stores, restaurants, service and repair shops.

design designstudio studiovv Week1, lecture 1 week7, forum

A discussion on community library as an emerging typology

Lecture by Dr Suchi

discussion by the lecturers

Methods employed in the forum

Part 1: presentation on CL as an emerging typology Part 2: forum of discussion

Community: â&#x20AC;&#x153;not just people with similar interests but they belong to certain context and spatial proximityâ&#x20AC;?

small projects, 2010

Community library what is the purpose? what are the possibilities? It is not community + library; it is rather a hybrid, a community library Part 3: what â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; could be?

what is the purpose? A place for the temple communities to encounter.

A place for the students communities for leisure time. A place for the skill groups to exchange traditional knowledge.

• Glamour – of perception • Seduction – by form • Innovative – panacea of concepts Are they pertinent to every day life?

Community library The idea of community library is recent.

Examples are:

Branch libraries of U.S - neighbourhoods Bunko libraries of Japan â&#x20AC;&#x201C; women Users such as: Children, University libraries, skill groups YOU DEFINE.

More than simply being functional Patrick Arends at Mecanoo emphasizes, the accidental encounter of alphabetical order and social interaction is the promise of the new public library. Since the infinite space of the internet may be accessed from the private realm of the home computer, the library provides containment, and the characterization of its identity through scale and form has become critical.

Navigationalâ&#x20AC;Ś public to communal richness of resources diversity of options

â&#x20AC;¢ http://www.dezeen.com/2013/08/29/library-of-birmingham-by-mecanoo/

• ”a narrative that explains how the library promotes learning and stewards knowledge — so that everything hangs together, so there’s some institutional coherence.” • Library as Platform • Library as Social Infrastructure • Library as Technological-Intellectual Infrastructure

https://placesjournal.org/article/library-as-infrastructure/?gclid=CjwKEAjwj92_BRDQNuC98SZkWYSJACWmjhlSfGBPVlTm5RSGk2A4nrOB89cDDdD-UUeT4ix8MdQKBoC5D3w_wcB

What a community library could be?

• Hold true – long-term cultural goals • Sharing knowledge: across and within the communities • Explorative circulation: slow people down and seduce them with the unexpected, the irrelevant, the odd and the unexplainable

• Finally, we must acknowledge the library’s role as a civic landmark — a symbol of what a community values highly enough to place on a prominent site, to materialize in dignified architecture that communicates its openness to everyone, and to support with sufficient public funding despite the fact that it’ll never make a profit.

Civic commons

Library of the future

â&#x20AC;˘ â&#x20AC;˘

Trendy or traditional? http://www.ala.org/transforminglibraries /future/trends

http://www.slideshare.net/stuti31/neufertand-timesaver-standards

The new Library building will meet community needs in a number of ways: • more reader places to meet growing demand • a better displayed and housed collection • improved accessibility • better facilities for target groups (e.g. young adults) • a showcase for historical resources of the local government area, • quiet study areas • a small meeting room which can be used for a variety of purposes • a multifunction space for a range of activities including travelling exhibitions, children’s storytelling and activities, meetings of specialist groups.

The following list illustrates the variety of activities which will occur in the Library: • a broad range of library resources, print, non-print and electronic • a reference collection • computers for public use, including access to the library service’s catalogue • a photocopier which also prints and scans • a facsimile service • a small local history collection, with current and historical information relating to the context • a children’s area • study areas and informal reading • young adult space • community information • a multifunction space which can be easily adapted for travelling exhibitions, locally-sourced displays, children’s storytelling and activities, computer training and presentations • sale of secondhand books, library bags and Council publications • an outdoor multi purpose area, including seating • public toilets

FUNCTIONAL THINKINGâ&#x20AC;¦ DO WE BUY THAT? COULD BE BETTER ON CONTENT

CL as an emerging typology Purpose of the spaces

spaces

Area total 1800

Hold true â&#x20AC;&#x201C; long-term cultural goals

Leisure/children learning/ gallery spaces

300 sqm

Sharing knowledge: across and Public realm such as cafeteria, within the communities discussion/seminar rooms

300 sqm

Circulation: slow people down Main collection area and seduce them with the Catalogue spaces unexpected, the irrelevant, the Reading spaces odd and the unexplainable

900 sqm

Circulation

300 sqm

Corridors

reference • • • • •

Low, K. M., youtube: context and relevance – a community library https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3khIGL_ly6M http://www.ala.org/transforminglibraries/future/trends Civic commons by studio gang Nuefert’s architects’ data Archdaily for seattle public library

Forum discussions… 1. Ask the questions that you don’t know the answer for. 2. Don’t be generic in/by design. 3. Have relevant urban strategies – for example, what problem is that going to solve if you merely connect the front to back of a linear site?

4. Ask the right questions. Do precedent studies on emerging community library ideas. Design can be an assemblage of various ideas that makes a library to work. 5. Its not a mathematical calculation; the sum is not the whole.

reference • • • • •

design designstudio studiovv Week1, lecture 1 week2, lecture 2

A discourse on finding â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;contentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;

lecture by dr suchi

the lecture has three parts… Part 1: typologies on urban structuring principles Part 2: place making: challenges on relevance to context Part 3: what ‘it’ could be?

lecture by dr suchi

To know ‘content’…

lecture by dr suchi

the soft side Relevance to the context: place making or the contextualisation

Creative side: what â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; could be or the personalization

small projects, 2010, pp. 20, 21 lecture by dr suchi

the hard sideâ&#x20AC;Ś Urban structuring principles

lecture by dr suchi

Urban structuring principles Summary • Some principles that determine the characteristics of the urban structure: Activity/use, built form/open space and movement pattern

• Use that as a tool to analyse relationship between a given building to its urban structure • Always remember these basics – this is one of the ‘must do’s

lecture by dr suchi

Urban structuring principles (from the eca) The following aspects give the holistic perspective of an urban environment

These aspects are controllable and therefore can well be used as design aspects to refer to Design Codes / to set the building into the urban street • Built form/open space • Activity • Movement

lecture by dr suchi

Urban structuring principles - 1 • Activity This is a contemporary terminology for function It is also called as ‘use’ or ‘land use’ in urban context Land use could vary from residential, commercial, institutional, industrial OR mixed

lecture by dr suchi

Activity/use

vertical horizontal

monofunction

mix

lecture by dr suchi

Source: eca, UK

Urban structuring principles - 2 • Movement pattern Now let us create life into it!  Traffic flow  Pedestrian movement  Connectivity to the city’s structure and within the neighbourhood

lecture by dr suchi

Movement vehicular

linear

pedestrian

mix

lecture by dr suchi

Source: eca, UK

Urban Structuring principles - 3 • Built form and open spaces Key to the design success     

Building foot print Tall buildings Skyline Interstitial spaces or ‘urban spaces’ Density and so on

lecture by dr suchi

Built form/open space typologies Point object in space, detached solitary Line Terrace Row (Zeilenbau) Enclosure Perimeter block Court

lecture by dr suchi

hard

Open space

soft diffuse

punctual Source: eca, UK

lecture by dr suchi

enclosed

Point or object

Front/back and public/private are not determined by the built form open space relationship

lecture by dr suchi

Source: eca, UK

Terrace Public/Front

Private/Ba ck

Private/Ba ck Public/Front

Private/Ba ck

Private/Ba ck lecture by dr suchi

Source: eca, UK

Public/Front

Private/Back

Public/Front

Perimeter block

Public/Front

Private/Back

lecture by dr suchi

Source: eca, UK

Private/Back

Public/Front

Private/Back

Public/Front

Court

lecture by dr suchi

Source: eca, UK

Public/Front

Private/Back

Public/Front

Private/Back

summary The principles described can determine the success of any urban structure An understanding of the potential and limitations of the characteristics of open space and built form is essential for good quality urban form. The principles and characteristics have nothing to do with style, they are neither traditional or contemporary. Design elements

Spatial typologies

Activity

Vertical Horizontal

Movement pattern

Linear Mix

Form

Point (b/f) & diffused(o/s) Row (b/f) & linear (o/s) Perimeter (b/f) & enclosed (o/s)

lecture by dr suchi

Urban contextual understanding is about patternsâ&#x20AC;Ś

lecture by dr suchi

Spatial

Study

1 0

Form Figure ground study lecture by dr suchi

Figure Ground Study • Insightful on: – – – – – – –

Urban grids Solid/void relationship Scale Continuity of open spaces or built forms Block structure: typologies Character, Continuity and Enclosure and Legibility (Good UD) Morphological dimension of UD (6 dimensions of UD)

Requirements: Plan Section Photos mapped for the objectives on good UD Opportunities/constraints lecture by dr suchi

Examplesâ&#x20AC;¦

lecture by dr suchi

Spatial

Study

2 0

Activity Cultural mapping lecture by dr suchi

Activity study • Insightful on: – – – – –

Place making Local cultural hotspots Public/private domains Legibility, Diversity, adaptability (Good UD) Functional, Perceptual and Temporal (6 dimensions of UD)

Requirements: • Within 1km area mapping • Land use diagrams • Photographic mapping lecture by dr suchi

Examples

lecture by dr suchi

Spatial Semioticsâ&#x20AC;Ś Photographic mapping The photographic mapping records both the physical and social streetscapes

Multiple coverage needed at various time and days Spaces of cultural importance as suggested by the locals

lecture by dr suchi

1. PEOPLE

2. SERVICES AND COMMODITIES

lecture by dr suchi

CULTURAL PRODUCTS 3. CLOTHING

4. FOOD

lecture by dr suchi

5. COLLECTIVE ACTIONS 6. ETHNIC IDENTITY 7. EXPLICIT PERFORMANCES Through everyday behaviors, people perform their ethnic and class identity for others

lecture by dr suchi

Gordon Cullen â&#x20AC;˘ Serial Vision Serial Vision is to walk from one end of the plan to another, at a uniform pace, will provide a sequence of revelations which are suggested in the serial drawings opposite, reading from left to right â&#x20AC;˘ Here and There The practical result of so articulating the town into identifiable parts is that no sooner do we create a HERE than we have to admit a THERE, and it is precisely in the manipulation of these two spatial concepts that a large part of urban drama arises.

lecture by dr suchi

Collage city

lecture by dr suchi

The soft sideâ&#x20AC;Ś

Part 2: contextual relevance place making What are the challenges to promote a CL?

lecture by dr suchi

Part 2: contextual relevance place making What are the challenges to promote a CL? Issuesâ&#x20AC;Ś

lecture by dr suchi

Place making â&#x20AC;˘ the definition of placemaking is seen as a proposal that is sensitive to the context, local character and distinctiveness of the space.

lecture by dr suchi

Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment (CABE)

• Go to the study area: “A special place” • Think about: “What makes this place special? How could it be made more distinctive?” http://www.placecheck.info/ http://www.designcouncil.org.uk/our-work/CABE/Localism-andplanning/Neighbourhood-planning-toolkits-and-guidance/NP-Toolkits---Toolkits/ http://www.pps.org/reference/what_is_placemaking/

lecture by dr suchi

http://www.pps.org/blog/challenge-explore-your-community-with-thepower-of-10/

lecture by dr suchi

CABE â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s place check themesâ&#x20AC;Ś Form

Function

History

The natural landscape Landmarks, meeting Historic buildings and (including the rise places and other archaeology, and and fall of the important features potential ground, distant archaeological sites Types and uses of views, streams, buildings Traditions and local rivers and lakes) history, inherited Craft traditions, if any Townscape: the overall character appearance of the Front gardens and trees Building materials: place texture, colour, Street patterns: blocks pattern (including and plots local stone or brick used in roads and Field or plot sizes or walls) shapes Building fronts and Building scales, facades, including heights, massing shop fronts and and densities window displays, or steel roller shutters and security grills

lecture by dr suchi

Society

Perception

The life and vibrancy of Views and vistas how people use the Street types: from place boulevards to Important events and courtyards, from civic associations with squares to crossroads locally known or Public spaces famous people Public art monuments

and

Lighting and the appearance of the place after dark

Street furniture and paving (including lamp-posts, benches and litter bins)

Place making • sensitive to the local context on: – History – deeper values – People – communities – Morphology – formal elements – Perceptions – sense of place – Nature – urban ecology – // we kind of sorted this out for you!

lecture by dr suchi

Landmarks, gateways and focal points help people find their way. Vistas create visual links between places. Planting can emphasize pedestrian routes. Visible routes and destinations, and a visible choice of routes, will contribute to making a place feel safe and unthreatening. Places where form, layout and signage make them easy to understand are likely both to function well and to be pleasant to live in or visit.  Development that is sited so as to enhance existing views and vistas, and create new ones, can help people to find their way around.  The design, location and function of buildings can reinforce the identity and character of the routes and spaces they serve.  Well-designed corners enhance legibility by creating visual interest and contributing to a distinctive identity.  The legibility of an area can be improved through the detailing and quality of materials in new development. lecture by dr suchi

Urban issues pertaining to place making may vary – but get it right for the relevance to your community library or the site so to speak for now… Walkability – journey, public realm and connectivity – paths, nodes Wayfinding – from varied entry points – paths, nodes Character – scale and typologies – landmarks and districts

Activity – conflicting hierarchy, history of locals – districts and edges Connections – permeability or sustainability – paths

Places for people – global or local – districts Natural heritage – environmental sensitivity, water, topography - edges lecture by dr suchi

The soft side…

• Part 3: what ‘it’ could be?

lecture by dr suchi

• City library • vague? iconic? – not just by the way it looks!

lecture by dr suchi

Community library

• Go real to define that word – make sure there’s no conceptualization lecture by dr suchi

Community library The idea of community library is recent.

Examples are:

Branch libraries of U.S - neighbourhoods Bunko libraries of Japan â&#x20AC;&#x201C; women Users such as: Children, University libraries, skill groups YOU DEFINE. lecture by dr suchi

reference • Low, K. M., 2010, smallprojects, Adaptus – this is the key reference for the lecture and its structure and content

• CABE’s place check • PPS lecture by dr suchi

Lecture by Fadzwin Hashim September 2016

concept formulation part 1

Concepts of ORDER and STRUCTURE Ideas we think of and Ideas we think with

Concepts of STRUCTURE and ORDER*

Concrete elements - words, geometric forms, behaviours and so on – are present to conscious thought and are manipulated with deliberate forethought. Relational schemes through which we order and interpret elements – syntax, rule systems, semantic schemes – are handled unconsciously. Concrete elements are the ideas we think of, relational schemes are the ideas we think with. ORDER is a an idea we think of whilst STRUCTURE is the idea we think with.

• excerpts from the discourse on the analytical theory of architecture by Prof Bill Hillier and Dr Julienne Hanson (SPACE SYNTAX laboratory).

structural concepts



Soap Bubbles

MATHEMATICAL ‘ELEGANCE’ The Soap Bubble derives its form from the most EFFICIENT distribution of FORCE The spherical shape of a bubble is due to surface tension. The sphere has the smallest possible surface area for a given volume.

structural concepts

ď ˝

Cloud of Midges The RULE: Every insect is allowed to travel in any direction provided that it has within its viewing hemisphere another insect in sight. The Structural Concept here is referred to as RESTRICTION ON A RANDOM PROCESS.

swarm of bees

structural concepts

ď ˝

Trajectory Lines

A TRAJECTORY is the path a moving object follows through SPACE as a function of TIME.

structural concepts

the structural layout of a house



the courtyard



interconnected series of spaces



the corridor

Mâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;nong Long House Vietnam

Orang Ulu Long and Tall House, Sarawak

Traditional Malay House

HAKKA ROUND HOUSE, Fujian

traditional ‘WIND CHIMNEYS’ Iran

Traditional Berber “troglodyte” CAVE DWELLINGS Matmata is a small village in southern Tunisia made famous by serving as the location of the home of Luke Skywalker.

ORDOS 100 Residence Inner Mongolia by MOS ARCHITECTS

the social logic of space

19thc typical English house

Traditional Malay house

Social logic of Space*

the structural layout of a house

exterior

19thc typical English house 

Social solidarities



Kinship rules and division of labour



Control and power



Surveillance



Gender differentiation

Traditional Malay house

*Hiller, B. and Hanson, J. (1990). The Social Logic of Space. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

the URBAN GRID

order concepts

the regular grid

ď ˝

New York mid town Manhattan

ď ˝

San Francisco Market St

structural concepts

the deformed grid

ď ˝

London Mayfair and Soho



Rome east of River Tiber



Barcelona La Rambla

ď ˝

Damascus part of town plan of with courtyards

strategic urban design

Strategic urban design is a creative, collective process of re-imagining a functional urban region. It involves debating, refining and agreeing on the urban identity and its story of change. Strategic urban design facilitates and guides collective decision making by establishing a relational crossboundary framework. Some of the characteristics of strategic urban design are that it articulates a story of change, it is results orientated, it presents connections and opportunities and it works across a range of spatial forms and time horizons.*

*Description from the University of Greenwich Urban Renaissance Institute Final Report.

key structural elements Urban and rural settlements of all scales have evolved over centuries. To regenerate them in a holistic way requires an understanding of their key structuring elements such as streets, blocks and spaces. See: Kevin Lynch Element of Legibility [paths, nodes, landmark, edges and districts]

ground level network



Green Systems



Urban Structure



Movement Pattern



Pedestrian Network

‘Strategic urban design facilitates and guides collective decision making by establishing a relational cross-boundary framework’.

what defines URBAN SPACE

Urban space is the space between buildings in a city (Rob Krier: born 1938 in Grevenmacher is a Luxembourgian sculptor, architect, urban designer and theorist)



PUBLIC REALM INTERSTITIAL SPACES

Public Realm

ď ˝

Public Realm is defined as any publicly owned streets, pathways, right of ways, parks, publicly accessible open spaces or any civic buildings and facilities.

ď ˝

The quality of our public realm is vital if we are to be successful in creating environments that people want to live and work in.

squares, streets and public open spaces

Old market square Nottingham

La Ramblas Barcelona

Palley Park Midtown Manhattan

Interstitial Spaces



The in-between space This is a transitional space that is in-between • public and private • site boundary and building entry • inside and outside

Developing an Architectural Strategy complexities in urban design

  

Spatial Elements: negotiates the tectonics Activities: informs the scenographics Perception: influences the poetics of space

Each of the three approaches in architecture, namely, tectonic, scenographic and poetics focuses on specific domains of architecture of physical, activity, and perceptional, respectively.

Tectonics is a powerful tool to achieve success in all three domains, as architecture is, fundamentally, a physical outcome.

urban design considerations

• building typology and land use • architectural styles • building height scale and orientation • density • pattern of open spaces • interstitial spaces and the public realm • movement pattern • visual axis and linkage • accessibility and permeability

urban response  



Urban Design is problem-solving Understand the CONTEXT and develop solutions that respond to the physical, cultural, and sense of place. example of Taylor’s student work 2012

FORM and SPACE solid, void, height, scale, density and pattern of open spaces

STREET FACADE continuous street edges or interrupted street pattern

VISUAL ACCESS visibility and permeability

visual link or visual boundary

VIEWS and VISTAS

VIEWS and VISTAS access or axis

VIEWS and VISTAS direction and orientation

placemaking

The term Genius Loci usually refers to distinctive atmosphere of the location, or its spirit of place. The idea that design should always be adapted to CONTEXT is one of the most widely agreed principles of urban design, town-making or landscape architecture. The clues to successful urban design and regeneration lie in the nature and character of places and â&#x20AC;&#x201C; quite often â&#x20AC;&#x201C; in their PEOPLE. Approaches which drop external, un-rooted solutions into a locality without regard for local circumstances usually fail.

concept formulation part 2

Where do we start? Architecture is the art of â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;assemblageâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. In creating works of architecture we create complexes of relations which we call by such names as compositions, geometry, even styles. Such terms indicate that both as spaces and as forms buildings are essentially relational schemes. Understanding these structural concepts are key to unlocking the fundamentals in urban design and architecture.

concept formulation A problem solving process Organisation of parts into a coherent whole

Economy

Function

architecture

Form Sociology Environment

Technology

A synthesis of a multitude of individual decisions + evolutionary phases.

visual thinking process multitude of individual decisions + evolutionary phases In design, we speculate about the future. Drawing gives material existence to our conceptions so that they can be seen, assessed and acted upon. In the generative and developmental stages of design process, drawing is distinctively speculative in nature. In search for possible solutions and to outline choices, we rely on intuition as guide. Intuition is based on informed experience. The act of drawing it out can lead the way to understanding and guide the intuitive search for ideas. Fluency and flexibility are more important in the developmental stage of design than precision and accuracy. Fluency in drawing (as in writing or speaking a language) comes with regular practice!

visual thinking process

visual tools to problem solving 

BUBBLE DIAGRAMS Representation of relationships between elements/spaces suggests linkage and direction



AREA DIAGRAMS spatial organisation, size indication



THE MATRIX comparative analysis, evaluation of relationship between elements/spaces



NETWORKS critical path, sequential arrangement



COMPUTER GRAPHICS 3 dimensional modelling,



DIAGRAMMING AND CONCEPTUAL SKETCHING



CONCEPTUAL MODELLING

conceptual sketching

Even with the development of electronic media, drawing remains a cognitive process that involves perceptive seeing and visual thinking. Drawing is an essential tool we use to explore THE IDEAS WE THINK OF and THE IDEAS WE THINK WITH.

SITE and CONTEXT paths, edges, landmarks, nodes, landuse, density, open spaces, orientation

Building form relates to the physical dimensions of a building, namely its height, width, depth and roof profile. Site refers to the location of a building and organisation of spaces within the wider development and, in particular its relationship to property boundaries and existing or proposed streets.

conceptual sketching Preliminary schematic diagrams are frequently the seeds for the final design and ultimately the built project.

diagramming + conceptual sketching



Diagrams and Conceptual Sketches are integral parts of the designdrawing process.



They are means by which the designer GENERATES and ORGANISES his or her ideas.



Conceptual diagrams constitute an abstract language that must be understood and communicated properly among the design community.



It is through graphic diagramming that one develops a design vocabulary and can convey an understanding.



Elements like •

arrows,

•

nodes,

•

lines, and

other symbols help the beginner use graphic techniques to EXPLORE ideas.

diagramming + conceptual sketching

DIAGRAM SYMBOLS AND TYPES

diagramming + conceptual sketching ď Ź

These graphic diagrams help us to explore alternative solutions and encourage visualisation, visual thinking, and transformative understanding.

The diagrams above use a combination of point, line, and 2-dimensional zone to explain the design concept.

diagramming + conceptual sketching PLAN DIAGRAMS ď ˝

As the process continues, layers of tracing paper are used to refine the development of design ideas.

diagramming + conceptual sketching PLAN DIAGRAM 

A plan diagram shows the basic schematic assumption of a plan.



It is the fundamental overarching or big idea (scheme) of a plan.



The ongoing refinement process allows for the evolution of a mature solution that satisfies the restriction and the requirements of the program.

diagramming + conceptual sketching ELEVATION DIAGRAMS 

These façade studies of elevation diagrams show the strong use of figure and ground in the representation of solid (wall) and void (window).



In a reductive manner, these diagrams allow one to concentrate on the geometric treatment of the fenestration.



This simplification of the façade prevents one from being distracted by other aspects that may appear in an elevation, such as material texture or construction detail.

In 1997 Zaha Hadid Architects won the competition to design the MAXXI Museum of XXI Century Arts in Rome. The construction of an ambitious design for a new museum, in a city of glorious historic museums, was culturally and politically significant. The project In an early sketch from the late Zaha Hadidâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s notebook (shown above) it is possible to understand the importance of the fluid parallel and crossing lines that would become characteristic of the constructed MAXXI building. At this early stage, these lines may express the whole city, the building itself or both. Such sketches may not always be project specific: they express ideas and possibilities rather than certainties and solutions.

The movement around the building exterior translates into the building itself. Hadid has described the way to experience the contemporary artworks as a â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;driftâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; through the galleries. Rather than a series of cellular rooms, the visitorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s route is linear, with moments to choose alternative routes and enter galleries at different points.

CONCEPTUAL MODELLING ď ˝

Models are necessary + meditative in order to explore a thought. Creation + development are much like the verbalization of a single sentence. At times they are just a momentary expression, other times their resonance sometimes lingers much like a formal move or colour. Physical models contain the humanity and human error that at times is missing in computer generated models. Mishou Sanchez (SCIARC 2007)

study models

Quick, ad hoc models are sometimes made to study the interaction of volumes, or to get an idea of how they look from different angles. Designing a building using rough models can be a very open-ended and practical method of exploring ideas.

study models

ANALYSIS, EXPLORATION and SYNTHESIS

MASSING STRATEGIES through

conceptual sketching and diagramming

+ study models

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LQxif8YvfDM

Design Strategy Studies

sketch assignment 1: SITE EXPLORATION Step 1:

Sketch site plan to include site limitations. Identify the site forces, strengths, weaknesses and opportunities.

Step 2:

Communicate graphically the design and massing strategies you have explored as a team and your individual concerns.

Step 3:

Propose user groups that would activate the dormant site.

Note down how and why.

sketch assignment 2 : USER GROUP and SPATIAL ANALYSIS Research on the spaces required for this community library programme needed by the user group/s that would activate the site and contribute positively to the idea of placemaking. Use a bubble diagram to speculate the relationship between these spaces. Understand the movement pattern between these spaces and also in reference to the immediate urban context. Identify the size of spaces required including support functions and amenities. Note that this is not the rule but a guide. DUE: Format:

Thursday 6th Oct, 2016 @8am Sketch plans and Sections Massing Models Diagrams, notations and freehand sketches on series of A3 size butter papers.

design phases BRIEF Definition of the project

SYNTHESIS Formulate solutions to issues identified Examine alternatives

RESEARCH Understanding the intent/function Collection of data/ site info Collate information systematically

EVALUATION Test solutions Evaluate alternatives Alter/develop solutions to produce best answer to problems

ANALYSIS Identify strength and weakness Explore possibilities Formulate design strategies

IMPLEMENTATION Realisation of Design Finalise Forms and Drawings

This is not the rule but a guide. Actual steps in the various design phases differs for each individual depending on the maturity and experience of the designer.

concept search ‘I have an idea but find it difficult to visualise’



design obstacles

Can’t get started Can’t get any good idea Can’t make a decision Can’t finish



suggestions

Use diagrams and sketches to visualise ideas. Use freehand sketches to ensure flow of thought. Build study models to test ideas. Develop complete ideas. Organise yourself and work quickly. Be involve in the design. Enjoy what you do!

design studio v Week1, lecture 1

Lecture by Dr Suchi

One of the first coherent analyzers of the urban scene in empirical terms is “The Image of the City” (1960) In “The Image of the City”, Lynch gives an account of a research project, carried out in three American cities. (Los Angeles, Boston and Jersey City with comparisons to Florence and Venice) The project resulted in the evolution of the concept of legibility depending on the people’s 'mental maps'

ď&#x201A;&#x17E;

Legibility is a term used to describe the ease with which people can understand the layout of a place. Lynch defined a method of analyzing legibility based on five elements: paths, edges, districts, nodes and landmarks.

Two important uses Cognitive skills â&#x20AC;&#x201C; mental maps Spatial representation ď&#x201A;&#x17E;

Paths ď&#x201A;&#x17E;Paths

consists of the "channels along which the observer customarily, occasionally, or potentially moves" (Lynch, p. 47). ď&#x201A;&#x17E;These can include streets, paths, transit routes, or any other defined path of movement.

Edges  Edges provide the boundaries that separate one region from another, the seams that join two regions together, or the barriers that close one region from another.  They are linear elements, but are not the paths along with the individual experiences the built environment.  They can be physical edges such as shorelines, walls, railroad cuts, or edges of development, or they can be less well-defined edges that the individual perceives as a barrier.

Districts ď&#x201A;&#x17E;Districts are "medium-to-large sections of the city" (Lynch, p. 47). ď&#x201A;&#x17E;They

are typically two-dimensional features, often held together by some commonality. The individual often enters into or passes through these districts.

According to Lynch, most people use the concept of districts to define the broader structure of their city.

Lecture by Dr Suchi

Nodes Nodes are points within the city, strategically located, into which the individual enters (and which is often the main focal point to which she or he is traveling to or from). There

are often junctions – a crossing or converging of paths. They often have a physical element such as a popular hangout for the individual or a plaza area. In many cases, the nodes are the centers of the district that they are in.

Landmarks ď&#x201A;&#x17E;Landmarks

are also a point-reference (similar to nodes). However, unlike nodes, which the individual enters during his or her travels, landmarks remain external features to the individual. ď&#x201A;&#x17E;They

are often physical structures such as a building, sign, or geographic features (e.g. mountain).

 Kevin Lynch,

The Image of the City

(1960)  Case studies in Boston, Los Angeles, and Jersey City  How people perceive the spatial arrangement their city - its “legibility”  “Mental” maps with 5 elements 1. Paths 2. Edges 3. Districts

4. Nodes 5. Landmarks Image: examples of hand-drawn maps of Jersey City portraying Lynch’s theory (pages 148-149 in The Image of the City)

 Development that is sited so as to enhance existing views and vistas, and create new ones, can help people to find their way around.  The design, location and function of buildings can reinforce the identity and character of the routes and spaces they serve.  Well-designed corners enhance legibility by creating visual interest and contributing to a distinctive identity.  The legibility of an area can be improved through the detailing and quality of materials in new development.

LEGIBILITY ANALYSIS (Bentley et.al.) Paths: record any routes which adjoin or cross your site, noting their relative intensity of use Nodes: note any place where paths meet; recording the relative importance of each path, and the public relevance of any associated buildings. Landmarks record any publiclyrelevant activities, either in buildings or in outdoor spaces.

Edges record any distinct limits to areas with different patterns of use or visual character. record any strong linear barriers. Districts record areas with different patterns of use. record areas with different visual characters, and decide what makes the differences; overall building forms, materials or details. Do not let this list become a straightjacket: it is quite wrong to assume that every area contains each type of element in the list.

Lecture by Dr Suchi

http://www.pps.org/reference/wwhyte/ Lecture by Dr Suchi

Lecture by Dr Suchi

http://www.pps.org/reference/wwhyte/ Lecture by Dr Suchi

Lecture by Dr Suchi

http://www.pps.org/reference/wwhyte/ Lecture by Dr Suchi

Lecture by Dr Suchi

http://www.pps.org/reference/wwhyte/ Lecture by Dr Suchi

Lecture by Dr Suchi

No typology  Nothing is in isolation, what is the whole picture here  This is East! 

Lecture by Dr Suchi

Form or structure  Activities or use  Movement-pattern or circulation 

Lecture by Dr Suchi

â&#x20AC;˘

The figure-ground approach to spatial design is an attempt to manipulate the solid-void relationships by adding to, subtracting from, or changing the physical geometry of the pattern. The figure-ground drawing is a graphic tool for illustrating mass-void relationships; a two-dimensional abstraction in plan view that clarifies the structure and order of urban spaces. prepared by Dr Suchi

Way finding!  Issues? Inspirations?  Content driven design by Mr Mark Low 

REFERENCES: Lynch, K, 1961, Image of the city Bentley, Responsive Environments Trancik, R, Finding 1986, Lost space Low, K. M., 2010, Smallprojects Lecture by Dr Suchi

MAPPING + DIAGRAM DESIGN

AR. LEE CHERNG YIH

SEP 2016

Graphic representation of thinking / ideas. DESIGN

DIAGRAM

MAPPING Graphic representation of data within space or time.

MAPPING Objective: To explore potential opportunities, problems, intervention.

MAPPING TANGIBLE

INTANGIBLE

MAPPING TANGIBLE FIGURE GROUND TOPOGRAPHY COLOUR TEXTURE LIGHT SOUND PATTERN SMELL MATERIAL ...

MAPPING TANGIBLE

Olafur Eliasson, Your House

MAPPING TANGIBLE

Maya Lin

MAPPING TANGIBLE

Maya Lin

MAPPING TANGIBLE

OMA, Parc de la Villete

MAPPING TANGIBLE

Kowlong Wall City, Hong Kong

MAPPING TANGIBLE

Merisa Gilman

MAPPING TANGIBLE

smell map video, Kate Mclean

MAPPING TANGIBLE

MAPPING INTANGIBLE MEMORY MOVEMENT VALUE INDEX EMOTION POLITIC TIME CULTURE ...

MAPPING INTANGIBLE

Etienne Jules Marey, chronophotographs from "The Human Body in Action"

MAPPING INTANGIBLE

OMA, YOKOHAMA MASTERPLAN

MAPPING INTANGIBLE

Christian Nold, Emotion Map

MAPPING INTANGIBLE

Tracing the visitorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s eye, Fabien Giradin

MAPPING INTANGIBLE

world population

MACRO

MICRO

DESIGN DIAGRAM Graphic representation of thinking / ideas. ‘Architecture of Ideas’ Mark Garcia

MAPPING (DATA) To explore potential opportunities, problems, intervention.

DIAGRAM (DESIGN IDEA) Graphic representation of ideas.

MAPPING (DATA) FACT

DIAGRAM (DESIGN IDEA) SUGGESTION

OBJECTIVE

SUBJECTIVE

EXISTENCE

CREATION

PAST / CURRENT

FUTURE

FUNCTION OF DIAGRAM

( PRE-DESIGN )

DESIGN

To explore idea

To explain idea ( POST-DESIGN )

Timber House, Sou Fujimoto

PRE-DESIGN DIAGRAM

Work+p: Space Studio, Gulcin Becerik

POST-DESIGN DIAGRAM

Study Model, S. Calatrava

HONG KONG COMMUNITY COLLEGE, AD+RG Architecture Design and Research Group Ltd.

Herzog & de Meuron, Vitra House

HOW DOES ANALYSIS (MAPPING) CONTRIBUTE TO DESIGN? ANALYSIS (MAPPING) -------> QUESTION QUESTION -------> PROPOSITION (DIAGRAM)

HOW DOES ANALYSIS (MAPPING) CONTRIBUTE TO DESIGN?

WHAT LIES BEHIND?

A HIDDEN MESSAGE?

MAPPING

9AM

12PM

QUESTION ?

3PM

MAPPING

9AM

12PM

3PM

DIAGRAM

HOW TO MIX THEM EQUALLY?

MAPPING

9AM

12PM

3PM

DIAGRAM

HOW TO CREATE INTERACTION?

MAPPING

9AM

12PM

3PM

DIAGRAM

HOW CAN IT BE APPLIED TO OTHER FORM OF SPACE?

MAPPING (DATA)

OMA, YOKOHAMA COMPETITION

MAPPING (DATA)

? ?

TIME GAP ?

OMA, YOKOHAMA COMPETITION

MAPPING (DATA)

DIAGRAM (DESIGN IDEA)

OMA, YOKOHAMA COMPETITION

EISENMEN HOUSE

reference: http://www.formfollowsbehavior.com/ http://www.visualcomplexity.com/vc/ http://landscapeandurbanism.blogspot.com/2010/09/reading-list-exposed-city-mapping-urban.html Nadia Amoroso, The Exposed Cities - Mapping The Urban Invisibles Joachim Krausse, Information at a glance: On the history of the diagramâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, OASE No. 48 (1998), pp. 3-28 James Corner, Agency of Mapping - Speculation, Critique and Invention Mark Garcia, The Diagrams of Architecture

Urban Realm -

In the Context of Asian Cities . . . . .

Background – Urban theories, - urban development

• Industrialization • Capitalism • Utopian – Ideal cities

INDUSTRIAL 4.0. Capitalism/Banking & Finance System

Social Media makes one “Closer to people they’re far away from, but farther from the people they’re close enough to.” ? Q. > What is the implication to place making?

Depictions of 19th century Britain Industrialisation

Segregation of Land use/ Building use Suburban towns

Health/ Well being Green spaces

Sir Ebenezer Howard 1902 - â&#x20AC;&#x153;Garden Cities of Tomorrow.â&#x20AC;?

Le Corbusier’s New Urban Ideas in the 1920s for Paris (unbuilt): The Contemporary City (1922) In 1922 Le Corbusier designed a ‘Contemporary City’ to inhabit 3 million people. One of the main concepts of the contemporary city was to build vertically, to allow traffic to flow more freely and provide space for planted areas. Influenced by Ebenezer Howard’s book Garden Cities of Tomorrow (1902), Le Corbusier was convinced that green space was essential to create a tranquil atmosphere and offset the strain of urban living; 'we must bridge the gap between man and his city by introducing a mean that fits in to both scales... we must plant trees!' (Le Corbusier, 1922:96).

Ville Radieuse (The Radiant City) Designed to contain effective means of transportation, as well as an abundance of green space and sunlight, Le Corbusier’s city of the future would not only provide residents with a better lifestyle, but would contribute to creating a better society. ‘Unité d'Habitation’ in Marseille, France – a smaller scale prototype

•

•The identity crises of Asian Cities

Kuala Lumpur In the 1970s ?

Asian Cities . . . . Asian STREET ……..

“I proposed the hypothesis that Oriental cities have no squares or plazas while Western cities possess no streets, (in the sense that I will explain below.) In other words, I argued that although Asian cities may have no public squares, their streets carry out the function of these open spaces. On the other hand, Western cities have squares or plazas while their streets are little more (Kisho Kurokawa, 2006 ) than thoroughfares……………..

In Asian cities, street spaces exist between private and public space and between residential and commercial space, possessing the characteristics of both the former and the latter types of space. I believe that there is a difference between this type of open space and the Western square which is more clearly defined both in terms of area and function. The Asian street, by contrast, is not so clearly defined, it is harder to tell where it begins or ends, and it generates responses to innumerable variations with time. â&#x20AC;&#x153; (Kisho Kurokawa, 2006 )

Asian Cities . . . . Asian STREETS . . . . .

BEIJING

http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=50147150n

Beijing – Hutong(衚衕, 胡同)

National Centre for the Performing Arts , Beijing

SHANGHAI - Longtangs (弄堂) - Lilong (里弄).

Shanghai – Long tang (弄堂)

http://traditions.cultural-china.com/en/126Traditions2081.html

BEIJING - Hutong(衚衕, 胡同) video (2.20min)

Tianzifang 上海田子坊

Xin Tian Di 新天地 A success? Commercial success…… Gentrification issue, displacement of community, ..

TOKYO 東京

Tokyo

Kagurazaka (神楽坂), one of the city’s oldest and lesser-known neighbourhoods near Iidabashi Station.

Machi, which designates the street in Japanese, means "the city".

narrow alley in Tokyo's Sumida district

TOKYO 東京 Video (2.46min)

TAIPEI 台北

http://wenku.baidu.com/view/d5d9d8b93186bceb19e8bb89.html?from=search

A typical Taipei alley. - off Fuhsing N. Rd. in Taipei

‘…….Designed to contain effective means of transportation, as well as an abundance of green space and sunlight, Le Corbusier’s city of the future would not only provide residents with a better lifestyle, but would contribute to creating a better society. ..’

“……. developers create “public” space that is actually private — behind the walls of gated communities, inside malls that are patrolled by security guards, or within exclusive clublike recreational areas. All of these types of spaces create the illusion that public space exists, but in actuality function to separate people by class and income, as well as sometimes by ethnicity and religion.” PPS/UN-Habitat

Kuala Lumpur

“…Bring People Together. The best public spaces bring together people from all walks of life and all income groups. The presence of multiple types of people ensures that no one group dominates, and that the space is safe and welcoming for all, including women and youth. Where public space is absent, inadequate, poorly designed, or privatized, the city becomes increasingly segregated. “ PPS/UN-Habitat

KOWLOON Walled City

HONGKONG â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Kowloon Walled City Kowloon Walled City was notorious for drugs and crime but many of its 50,000 residents lived their lives peacefully until it was demolished in the early 90s The city was a phenomenon with 33,000 families and businesses living in more than 300 interconnected high-rise buildings, all constructed without contributions from a single architect.

KOWLOON Walled City Videos

50,000 residents within 2.6-hectare (6.4-acre)

32,000 people on 6,000 acres

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Cities have the capability of providing something for everybody, only because, and only when, they are created by everybody.â&#x20AC;? Jane Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities

The End

2012 ARI Asia Trends - Asia in Transition https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sMgWjwDn7fo

Engaging the Asian City: Opening Remarks by Vinayak Bharne https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3EGj1vmjlyM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y5FPj3wnSqQ Engaging the Asian City: Robert Cowherd

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gADUIp41Mog Engaging the Asian City: Engaging Which Asian City by Jeff Hou

https://books.google.com.my/books?id=XzWN1AIhpYoC&pg=PA5&lpg=PA5&dq=architect ure+value+old+new+future+interpretation&source=bl&ots=kY8TrHL8tO&sig=pUsUK72RE cS6tkRhudQBe02DKM8&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=architecture%20value %20old%20new%20future%20interpretation&f=false

d belies

mof

n all spher ts. Recentl changing omy, rty as presents three an insight e Asian On Asian Streets and Public Space, Volume 1,

http://www.sustainablecitiescollective.com/asianurbanist/27281/uniquenessasian-streets Asian cities offer a unique and rich diversity of streets and public spaces. Persisting high density and compactness has long prohibited attempts to create large open civic spaces. As a result, the typology of public spaces is a patchwork of interconnected plots in-between buildings. This dynamism is enhanced by the fact that Asian streets serve far more users than spaces in the west and are often crowded past midnight. Besides commuting, the Asian street has a variety of societal functions; it is a business space catering to a variety of permanent or temporary trades; it is a stage for political and religious discourse as well as public expression; it is a gathering space for families and friends sometimes the living room or dining room. Major activities along the street are window-shopping, eating, park going and other recreational activities favored by Asian urbanites. It reflects an Asian culture that sees strolling in crowds as a form of recreation. Such a culture may be reflective of the limited space at home which contribute to the intensified activities in the public space. With all the benefits of compact cities being touted, emerging cities are engaging in higher density development. In such constrained space, land is becoming an absolute premium. The minimum area for living spaces are being be further limited, pushing more activities to the public realm, out in the streets. The question is how compact and how dense can we go while maintaining not only the quality of our streets and public spaces but also the quality of life of the residents. Urban designers and architects are facing a mounting challenge to create high quality living and working environment within tight space constraints.

http://ariseasia.blogspot.my/2011/07/asian-street-vs-western-plaza.html

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/248502320_Reclaiming_the_City_The_Fourth_Gr eets_Symposium

http://worldneighborhoods.com/pictures/tokyo-f4/yanaka-t30.html http://loverlyjapan.blogspot.com/2011/03/tokyo-day-8-shimokitazawa-or-bust.html http://www.parkablogs.com/content/book-review-tokyo-foot-travels-citys-mostcolorful-neighborhoods