Spring Home, Lawn & Garden 2024

Pointers To Make Your Spring Cleaning Routines More Efficient

Spring is a season of renewal. When the flowers are blooming and the trees are budding and the weather is pleasantly warm, people often feel inspired to make changes around their homes. Work may begin with culling belongings and organizing essentials.

There is debate regarding where the practice of “spring cleaning” originated. Some researchers link it to certain religious groups. It has long been an ancient Jewish custom to thoroughly clean a house in preparation for the springtime feast of Passover. The house is scoured to remove any yeast bread, or chametz, from the home. Similarly, members of the

Greek Orthodox church celebrate “Clean Week,” which is a week of cleaning before Lent. In Iranian culture, families spend days cleaning prior to the Persian New Year, which begins on the spring equinox.

Spring cleaning also has some secular roots. For instance, in the 1800s, Londoners routinely cleared their homes of grime and soot that accumulated over the winter.

Spring cleaning is still a ritual for many today. As people embark on their plans to tidy up, these tips can help them along.

Tackle one big task a day

Who hasn’t started one project only to be distracted into moving along to another room? This often occurs when people discover something out of place in one space and then move that item where it belongs, only to find a new cleaning task at hand in that space. Inefficiency can make you give up on spring cleaning prematurely. Agree to address one room/task a day. Keep a basket or box handy to store errant items until you move on to the next room.

Stock up on supplies

Prepare all of the cleaning supplies in advance. Put together a tool kit of sorts with the equipment you need, including mops, brooms, rags, cleansers, and the like. Organization can keep you on course.

Harness your strengths and weaknesses

Some people clean because they are stressed or angry, others do so to avoid other tasks. Keep personality in

mind when establishing a cleaning schedule. For example, clean at night if you’re a night owl, or wait until you are feeling antsy before embarking on a “calm down cleaning.”

Tackle seasonal chores first

Some tasks need to get done to prepare for the spring and summer season. These may include cleaning the grill and sorting through outdoor furniture and decor. Spring cleaning may involve readying the pool for another year of use, or cleaning out rain gutters to prepare for spring storms. Tackle timedependent tasks first and then move on to others that are less time-sensitive.

Spread out the work

Some people like to devote full weekends to spring cleaning, but that can be overwhelming for others. Breaking down cleaning tasks into 15- to 30-minute intervals each day can make the job more tolerable.

Spring cleaning season has arrived, and certain tips can make the job more efficient and manageable.

How To Prepare A Garden For Spring Planting

The final weeks of winter, and even the first few weeks of spring, are still chilly in many parts of the world. Despite those last vestiges of winter chills, late winter is a great time to begin preparing gardens for the coming planting season.

Gardens may have to withstand months of harsh weather each winter, and such conditions can take a toll. Gardeners can consider the following tips as they try to restore their gardens and get them ready for spring planting.

• Disinfect your tools. It’s common to clean tools in late fall or whenever they’re typically placed in storage for the winter. But cleaning and disinfecting are not necessarily the same thing. If tools were not disinfected at the end of the previous gardening season, disinfect them before doing any work on the garden. Doing so can ensure any lingering bacteria or fungi on tool surfaces are killed prior to the beginning of gardening season.

According to the University of Minnesota Extension, plant pathogens, including bacteria and viruses, can be transferred to and infect plants through bits of soil and plant debris left on shovels and pruner blades. Thoroughly disinfecting such tools prior to using them in the spring is a great way to reduce the risk of disease in your garden.

• Clear debris from garden beds. Leaves, twigs, sticks, and other debris may have

gathered in the garden over the winter. Such debris can inhibit the growth of plants and vegetables, so make sure all of it is removed prior to planting. Weeds might even begin to sprout up in late winter and early spring, so remove them before they go to seed.

• Test the soil. Testing the soil prior to planting can help gardeners determine what their gardens will need to thrive in the coming months. Garden centers and home improvement stores sell home testing kits that are effective and easy to use. Once the results are in, speak

with a professional at your local garden center about the best time to amend the soil.

• Loosen compacted soil. Soil can become compacted over winter. If compacted soil is not loosened prior to planting, plants will have a hard time getting the water and nutrients they need to thrive. Loosening the soil also provides another opportunity to inspect the garden for any underlying issues, such as fungi or weed growth, that you may have missed when clearing debris or testing the soil.

Late winter is a good time to assess a garden and address any issues that developed over the winter so plants and vegetables can thrive come the spring planting season.

Did You Know?

Though plants might not seem like the first thing individuals think of when they ponder long-term investments, perennials can be just that. The home and garden experts at HGTV note that some perennials can live for a very long time.

For example, according to HGTV, the colorful flowering plant peony, despite a blooming season that

usually lasts just seven to 10 days, has been known to survive for 70 to 100 years. Hostas are another popular perennial because they require little maintenance, and that extra free time can add up over the course of the hosta’s life, which can exceed 15 years. Longliving perennials are not necessarily unusual, but gardeners should know that many perennials, and particularly those characterized as “short-lived,” tend to live around three years.

Treating Warm Weather Insects

Homeowners know that the arrival of spring also marks the re-emergence of insects. While not every insect is harmful, if an infestation grows considerably or if insects begin to move from the outdoors into a home, it may be time

for homeowners to call in a professional.

The Entomological Society of America points out that homeowners cannot count on bitterly cold winters to help control the numbers of insects in their yards. Insect ecology is affected by various factors and is not solely dependent on temperature. Furthermore, what occurred one year certainly may not be repeated the next, as homeowners who have had various insect infestations

in their yards can attest. One year a yard may be overcome with ants, while the next year it may suffer through an earwig infestation.

The first step homeowners looking to curtail insects in their yards can take is to determine if the insects they see are genuine threats to their lawns. Some bugs emerge and swarm early in the season, but then gradually disappear as spring turns into summer.

Other insects may come out of hiding if a homeowner is doing a lot of yard work or construction around a house. Practice a wait-andsee approach to determine if you really have an insect problem or just have stirred up activity.

Homeowners also must decide if it is bearable living with the insects. If insects are not doing any damage or if they can be controlled relatively easily, then you might be able to avoid

calling in the professionals. However, if critters like termites and certain species of wood-eating insects are invasive and damaging your yard, you may need to take action.

Anyone concerned with the side effects of pesticides and insecticides can first try to remedy the problem naturally. Sometimes it’s just a matter of making a yard less hospitable to insects. Remove leaves and clean up debris close to the house, as these can both encourage infestations. Piles of rotting wood or leftover firewood can be a food or shelter source for a number of insects. Inspect water spigots for leaks and improve suspect drainage on your property, as these things can be welcoming to bugs that like moist surroundings. Remove standing water whenever possible to eliminate spots for mosquitoes to incubate larvae.

Natural remedies also may do the trick. Mint, bay leaves, catnip, and garlic can repel insects like roaches and ants. Citrus can be a natural flea deterrent. Some homeowners have had success planting marigolds around their yards to serve as a natural bug repellent because the flowers produce a scent that many insects find repulsive. Thai lemon grass plants also can be used to keep mosquitoes at bay.

Remember, natural predators, such as birds, bats, spiders, and larger insects, feed on nuisance bugs. Keeping these helpful predators around may be an effective and natural way for homeowners to control annoying pests.

If an insect problem seems out of control or if you need a professional opinion about the damage being done to your home or landscape, consult with an exterminator. Licensed exterminators have the training and expertise to assess insect concerns and create a plan of action that will

minimize the risk to inhabitants of your home and nearby wildlife. An exterminator will know what it takes to treat insects and maximize the chances of removing the problem promptly and effectively.

Warm weather is synonymous with many things, including the return of insects. Homeowners may be able to treat unruly bugs on their own, but especially problematic infestations may require the help of experienced exterminators.

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Following these easy tips can help make rooms feel bigger and brighter.

1. Open floor plans and furniture placement that leaves views open make spaces easy to navigate and the room feel bigger.

2. Lighten up. Light colors on walls and furniture help small spaces feel large. Letting in natural light extends the feel of the room beyond its boundaries.

3. Get double-duty furniture: tables and ottomans with hidden storage space. Clean spaces look bigger, so keep clutter out of sight.

Revitalizing Your Lawn After Winter

Pristine, snow-covered landscapes can be wonders to behold. While that blanket of white is idyllic, a lawn’s delicate blades may

4. Store smart and stay organized. Shelving units maximize wall space for storage; add baskets on the bottom shelves for extra capacity. Fill clear containers with seasonal clothing and items and slide them under couches and beds.

be paying a hefty price beneath the cold, heavy piles of snow. Snow plows push salt and sand up on the grass while subterranean animals like mice and moles dig burrows beneath piles of snow as they try to find food and stay warm. Such conditions

5. Convert a closet into a home office by adding a desk and shelves. Hang organizers on the back of the door for extra storage. Close the door and the computer and paperwork are out of sight, instantly opening up the room.

are not favorable for thriving landscapes. When the spring thaw arrives, lawns may be in dire need of some TLC. The following techniques can mitigate winter-related lawn damage.

• Clear out debris. Remove any scattered leaves, branches and other debris

that has been strewn across the property due to storms or snow-laden trees. This will give you a clean canvas to work on.

• Dry out snow mold. The Family Handyman says snow mold is a cold-season fungus that causes graycolored circles or patches on the lawn where there has been snow. To alleviate snow mold, rake the lawn to loosen matted grass and facilitate the drying-out process.

• De-thatch the lawn. Heavy snow can compress the grass and cause some of it to die off. De-thatching helps to remove dead grass blades and separate any matting. This enables water, nutrients and air to reach the lawn’s roots more effectively. Thinning out old organic matter also helps encourage new growth.

• Aerate the soil. Coupled with dethatching, aeration involves loosening the soil or poking holes to allow nutrients to move freely to the roots.

• Kill weeds before they spread. Weeds may be the first to start growing when the weather begins to warm. Address them promptly by manually pulling them or applying an herbicide.

• Overseed the lawn. Chances are there are some bare spots that have formed over the winter. Overseeding can help to fill in the lawn. Make sure that frosts are largely a thing of the past and soil temperature is around 50°F to 60’F before seeding. Water daily until grass fills in.

• Apply nutrients. Fertilizer and compost can restore nutrients to the lawn that may have been used up over winter. A soil test at a nearby horticultural center can tell you which nutrients are needed, according to the Chemistry Cachet, a guide to using chemistry secrets for healthy living, beauty, cleaning, and gardening. Lawns can be restored to their pre-winter glory after some sweat equity and about five to six weeks of consistent sunshine and warm weather.

Consider The Advantages Of Container Gardening This Spring

Gardening is a rewarding hobby that has been linked to health benefits like reduced stress and improved mental well-being. Gardening also can lead to an inviting home landscape full of attractive blooms and/or delicious foods.

Backyard gardens have long been planted after clearing a plot of land, tilling and amending the soil, and planting rows of favorite crops. However, gardening can be less labor-intensive and even more successful when people consider the many benefits of container gardening.

What is container gardening?

As its name implies, con-

tainer gardening is growing plants inside of containers. These containers can be flower pots, rectangular deck boxes or even large raised garden beds.

Pros to container gardening

One of the advantages of container gardening is that plants can be moved in and out of sunlight to ensure the right growing conditions. This isn’t as easily achieved when gardens are stationary. Also, beginner gardeners may be more able to control soil conditions inside of a small container rather than a vast ground-based garden, which will require a good deal of manual labor. Pots and boxes also can be

grouped together to create eye-popping displays, usually at lower costs than the sheer volume of plants that would be needed to fill out an expansive landscape.

Cons to container gardening

Container garden plants will not have direct access to the ground, so they need gardeners to create the ideal growing conditions. Developing the right care formula can be challenging. The home and garden resource

ask a store employee. Mixing different plant shapes, colors and leaf textures, as well as plants of various heights, can help containers look filled out.

Feed plants accordingly

The Spruce says that drainage is an important factor in container gardening, and most containers do not offer enough drainage holes. If water cannot escape the soil, the roots of the

plants can rot and die. It’s not enough to add stones or gravel to the bottom of containers. Drill additional holes in the bottom (1⁄2-inch in diameter for small or medium-sized pots; one inch in diameter for larger pots). Also, be sure to check on

soil moisture so that watering can be adjusted. During hot stretches, plants may need to be watered more frequently.

Plants need nutrition to thrive in containers. Quality potting mixes will contain fertilizers, but nutrition will wane over time. Every couple of weeks, container plants will need either fresh potting mix or granular fertilizer added to feed them.

Plan for plants that play well

Grouping plants together can create visually stunning combinations. However, it is important to choose plants that require the same amount of light and moisture. Look at plant tags when visiting the garden center and select complementary plants, or

Oregon State University Extension Services suggests using a slow-release fertilizer or worm castings several times throughout the season.

Container gardening is a great way to add plants to smaller patios, reduce the workload involved in maintaining expansive gardens, and customize conditions for optimal growth.

Questions To Ask Your Renovation Contractor

Individuals looking to

for

been made, it’s

contractor and ask key questions.

• How long have you been in business? Verify the information that the contractor and/or company provides by doing a search with the Better Business Bureau and perusing online reviews to confirm the company is dependable.

• Are you independently owned? Some companies are independently owned businesses while others are franchises. Franchised businesses may have to follow a strict set of rules, while independent contractors may have more leeway in terms of policies.

or the

in a conversation with the

• What is your licence number? Obtain the licensure information as well as the contractor’s insurance details. A contractor’s general liability insurance protects your home and property in the event of an accident.

• Are you familiar with local building codes? Check

to see if the contractor has worked in the area before, and if he or she is familiar with the permit process. Make sure a contract documents who will be securing the permits.

• How will the project be supervised? Some contractors sub-contract out the work and may only stop by to check on progress. Understand how often those drop-ins will take place, and how to get in touch with the person in charge should a problem arise.

• Is there a warranty? Certain contractors will stand behind their work for a period of time, even coming to make repairs if there are any issues. Check to see if a warranty policy is in place.

• What is the policy for home protection and cleanup? You’ll want to ensure the rest of your home doesn’t become damaged or soiled due to the construction. Have the contractor spell out plans for

mitigating mess during demolition, and whether the construction company will be responsible for removing the debris.

• What is the final price? One of the more important questions to ask is if the price stated on the contract will be the final price, or should incidentals be expected if issues are unearthed during construction? Some contractors may need to tack on charges for extra materials, and that can stretch homeowners’ budgets.

It’s important to touch base with the contractor and ask key questions about the project, which will be reflected on the contract both parties eventually sign.

Groundhogs take center stage on February 2nd.

Individuals across the country anxiously await the news of whether one of these furry fellows sees his shadow or not — the latter indicating that an early spring is on the horizon.

Once Groundhog Day has come and gone, the humble groundhog regains its status as unwanted intruder.

Groundhogs invade lawns and gardens in search of fruits, vegetables and ornamental plants. Groundhogs also can make extensive burrows under the soil ripping up the landscape and potentially threatening the foundation of a home. Keeping groundhogs at bay is a goal for many homeowners, and the following are some simple ways to do just that.

Make sure it’s a groundhog

Before taking any steps to repel groundhogs, first make sure it’s really these fuzzy critters who are wreaking

havoc. Signs of a groundhog infestation include:

• Feathery tops of carrots have been removed.

Out Of The Garden

• A large hole, around 10 to 12 inches wide, under or near a storage shed or other structure with mounds of dirt outside of it.

• Tomatoes with large bites taken out of them.

• Newly damaged plants noticed in the afternoon (deer eat garden plants at night).

• Wide teeth marks on plants and bark.

• Tracks in the dirt that show four-clawed toes on the front paws and five on the back.

Once you’ve determined it’s a groundhog that is causing damage, you can try these strategies to keep them away.

• Harvest your garden frequently to remove opportunities for groundhogs to prey on produce. They’re particularly attracted to cantaloupes, cabbage, green beans, cucumbers, zucchini, and corn. They also like the tender greens from lettuce. Consider using raised garden beds so groundhogs will not have easy access.

• Groundhogs prefer cam-

ouflage around their burrows. Mow the lawn, pull weeds and clean up brush piles to deter groundhogs.

• Keep groundhogs from burrowing under structures by burying chicken wire a foot underground and bending it at 90-degree angles away from structures or the garden.

• Apply safe repellents that use essential oils or flavors and scents that groundhogs do not like. Epsom salt is believed to repel groundhogs.

• Call animal control to have a groundhog relocated. Animal trapping professionals can live trap and release a groundhog elsewhere. Don’t try to trap a groundhog yourself, as they can be feisty and bite or scratch if scared.

Groundhogs may be heroes for a day in February, but they quickly take a heel turn when they start to damage yards. Getting groundhogs under control can help.

What To Plant When Privacy Is A Priority

A backyard oasis can feel like an even more welcoming retreat when the area is private. Homeowners and their families often find that a backyard is most relaxing when they cannot hear or see their neighbors, and creating such an environment can be as simple as planting some privacy trees.

Fencing is an option when homeowners are looking to make their backyards more private. But HomeAdvisor reports that the average cost to install a privacy fence is just under $3,000, and those costs can be considerably higher depending on where homeowners live and how big a fence they need. Privacy trees can be considerably less expensive, and homeowners can spread out those costs by planting over time, an option that’s not possible when installing fencing.

When planting privacy trees, homeowners can consider these varieties that can do the job while also providing some aesthetic appeal.

• Emerald arborvitae: The Arbor Day Foundation® notes that the emerald arborvitae is unique among arborvitaes because it maintains its green color even in the coldest months of the year. The emerald arborvitae can grow to between 10- and 15-feettall and spread as wide as four feet at maturity. The tree features a pyramid shape and is considered slow-growing at less than 12 inches of growth per year. The ADF reports that full sun and partial shade are best for this tree.

• Carolina cherry laurel: Carolina cherry laurels are popular choices for privacy seekers. The Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center notes the trees can grow very tall and boast a

pyramidal shape. The Carolina cherry laurel require sun and thrive in moist, well-drained soils.

Parents with young children should know that the leaves of this family of plant contain hydrocyanic acid and should never be eaten.

• Boxwood: The ADF notes that boxwoods are renowned for their use in formal gardens. That can make them an ideal option for homeowners seeking a traditional garden aesthetic in their backyards. Boxwood trees can grow up to 20 feet tall, but they can vary greatly in height. Homeowners purchasing them as privacy trees should speak with their local gardening center to ensure they’re getting boxwoods that will provide ample privacy. Though they still have aesthetic appeal, smaller boxwoods may only reach a foot tall. Boxwoods vary consid-

erably in terms of their growth rate, so homeowners should inquire about this as well before purchasing and planting any trees.

• Privet: Privets are dense privacy hedges that grow very quickly, with the ADF reporting they can grow up to three feet per year. Privets may reach 12 feet in height and spread as wide as six feet at maturity. Privets tolerate shearing well, which can make them ideal privacy options for those looking for a formal appearance. Privets require full sun for uniform growth. Privets are considered invasive in many areas of North America, so homeowners should consult their local garden center prior to planting.

The right privacy trees can be just what homeowners need to turn their backyards into relaxing respites.

How To Build As Green As Can Be

In a good or bad economy, one can’t go wrong choosing environmentally responsible options when building a home. Sustainable, good quality upgrades make the house less costly to operate and these components will ensure and accelerate its value over time. A “green” home contains energyefficient heating, cooling, lighting, water systems, and the building process should begin with concrete, not wood. Here’s a handy checklist to use when talking to your builder:

• Location: Build near public transportation, with options to walk or cycle.

• The Envelope: Ask for concrete walls.

• Green Energy Supply:

Generate your own. Solar panels for day lighting, natural heating and cooling can be incorporated costeffectively into most buildings.

• Conserve: Avoid overdesign and aim for standard ceiling heights and building dimensions. The best green homes use salvaged materials, or those with a recycled content.

• Garden Green: Outside, plan for low use of water and pesticides. Design with drought-resistant native plants, perennial groundcovers, and shady canopy trees. Flowering plants will encourage the eco-important activity of birds and bees.

• Water Conservation: Water from sinks, showers, or clothes washers (graywater) can be recycled for

irrigation in some areas. If current codes prevent graywater recycling, consider designing the plumbing for easy future adaptation.

Homes come in many sizes and styles. But whether your home is a palatial postmodern masterpiece or a cozy farmhouse, reclaimed wood can be utilized to create an aweinspiring interior.

Reclaimed wood serves both aesthetic and practical purposes. Visually stunning,

reclaimed wood also is a great way to make use of old-growth forest wood. Why is that significant?

According to the United States Forest Service, just 3 percent of old-growth forest has survived into the second decade of the 21st century.

Old-growth forest wood like that from longleaf pine trees has long been touted as excellent building material, but the pine utilized today comes from trees that are cut down when they’re young. Reclaimed wood taken from old or demolished homes built

with old-growth forest wood offers access to this highly valued building material while also providing the environmental benefits that come with reusing existing materials. Reclaimed wood can be incorporated into a home’s interior rather easily, and the results are often stunning.

• Accent wall: Transforming a wall into an accent wall with reclaimed wood is a simple project that won’t affect the existing design of a home’s interior. A living room or home office can be given a whole new look with the addition of an accent wall made from reclaimed wood. Homeowners who want their bedrooms to give off the vibe of a rustic retreat can

consider adding an accent wall made of reclaimed wood.

• Furniture: Reclaimed wood also can be put to use, or reuse, as furniture. A home office desk made from reclaimed wood can be both stunning and sturdy, while end tables and coffee tables made from reclaimed wood can add some unique character to a living room.

• Kitchen islands: Homeowners who aspire to have a farmhouse kitchen can consider reclaimed wood when creating their kitchen islands. Reclaimed wood can be used to make the body of the island, complete with cabinets and drawers, that sits beneath the countertop where cooks will prepare their meals.

• Storage beds: Guest

rooms tend to be smaller than other rooms in the house, and that means little room for furniture like dressers. Rather than cramming lots of furniture into a small room, homeowners can utilize reclaimed wood to create storage bed frames. The frames won’t take up extra space in the room, reassuring guests that they won’t be spending a weekend in cramped quarters. And the rustic look of reclaimed wood storage beds can be an instant stunner when guests arrive.

Reclaimed wood can be incorporated into a home in myriad ways. This stunning, eco-friendly design choice can add instant appeal to any home.

Did You Know?

As more people work remotely, electricians and safety advocates are warning that various missteps may be putting people at unnecessary risk of fire and other unsafe conditions. Electrical equipment is necessary to run home offices just like it is traditional offices. Some people may find they have a shortage of electrical outlets to power their devices, and as a result they may turn to extension cords or power strips. While that may seem like an easy fix, it is easy to inadvertently overload outlets and circuits by connecting more than one power strip or extension cord together in a practice known as “daisy chaining.”

FROM KING FEATURES WEEKLY SERVICE, 628 Virginia Drive, Orlando, FL 32803

According to the U.S. Office of Compliance, using a daisy chain in the workplace violates the National Electrical Code as well as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s rules. While it may not break code at home, overloading any outlets increases risk for fire. The National Fire Protection Association indicates that more than 45,000 residential fires are started each year due to electrical failure and malfunction. Overload causes products to overheat, and that can spark fires in the power cords themselves or inside the wall where electrical lines are hidden.

Grilled Sweet Potatoes

We steam and slice sweet potatoes, and then give them a turn on the grill to create this deliciously unexpected side dish.

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Editor’s Note: This is the final release of this column.

2 1/2 pounds sweet potatoes, peeled if you like 1 tablespoon olive oil 1/4 teaspoon salt 1/4 teaspoon coarsely ground black pepper Parsley, for garnish

1. Prepare outdoor grill for covered, direct grilling on medium.

2. In 5- to 6-quart saucepot or Dutch oven, place collapsible steamer basket and 1 inch water. Cover saucepot; heat water to boiling on high on range top. Cut sweet potatoes into 1/2-inchthick diagonal slices.

3. Place potato slices in steamer basket; reduce heat to low. Cover saucepot and simmer 12 to 15 minutes or until potatoes are just fork-tender; do not overcook. (Potatoes can be steamed a day ahead and refrigerated until ready to grill.)

4. Transfer potato slices to jellyroll pan; brush with olive oil and sprinkle with salt and pepper to season both sides. Place potato slices on hot grill grate. Cover grill and cook potatoes 10 to 12 minutes or until lightly charred and tender, turning slices over once with large metal spatula. Transfer potatoes to serving bowl; garnish with parsley. Makes 4 sidedish servings.

• Each serving: About 245 calories, 4g total fat (1g saturated), 0mg cholesterol, 170mg sodium, 50g carbohydrate, 6g dietary fiber, 3g protein. For thousands of triple-tested recipes, visit our website at www. goodhousekeeping.com/food-recipes/.

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winter’s wrath, so spring is a great time to nurse them back to health, and fertilizing can be an essential component of that process.

Fertilizing a lawn can be intimidating. An array of fertilizers, with each seemingly designed to address a different issue, can make homeowners’ heads spin when visiting their local lawn and garden center. However, fertilizing is a very simple task that any homeowner can tackle. In fact, fears about fertilizing are often unfounded and can be overcome with some basic knowledge of the process.

• Identify which type of grass is in the yard. The home improvement experts at HGTV note that turfgrass is divided into two categories: cool-season grass

and warm-season grass. A local lawn and garden center can help homeowners identify which type of grass is in the yard, and this often depends on location. Fescue, bluegrass and perennial ryegrass are some examples of cool-season grasses, while Bermuda, bahia, St. Augustine, and zoysia are

considered warm-season grasses. Identifying which type of grass is in the lawn is important because that will indicate when to fertilize. Cool-season grasses are typically best fertilized in early spring, while warmseason lawns can benefit from an application just before especially warm

temperatures arrive.

• Survey the lawn to identify which spreader to use. A small yard or a thriving lawn with only a few bald or unsightly patches may not need a full

application of fertilizer. In such instances, a hand spreader can suffice. For larger lawns and areas, a broadcast spreader is the ideal option. Spreaders have multiple settings, and the fertilizer package will indicate which setting to utilize when using the product.

• Test the soil prior to purchasing fertilizer. The lawn experts at Pennington® note that a simple soil test can reveal soil pH and phosphorous and potassium levels. Soil tests can be purchased at most home improvement stores and lawn and garden centers, and they can help homeowners determine which fertilizer will most benefit their lawns.

• Water the lawn prior to fertilizing. The experts at Scotts® recommend a good

watering a few days prior to fertilizing a lawn. Such an approach ensures the soil is ready to accept the fertilizer once it’s applied.

• Follow the instructions carefully. Detailed instructions are typically provided on fertilizer product packaging. Once homeowners have identified and purchased the product they need, they can simply follow the instructions on the packaging, including how and when to water after application, which can make fertilizing less intimidating.

Fertilizing in spring can help a lawn recover from the previous summer and winter, ensuring it’s lush and green when summer entertaining season arrives.

Birds are one of the musicians of nature. Their sweet chirps and fluttering wings carry on the wind and often herald the warm weather. You can enjoy the up close and personal sights and sounds of birds by welcoming them right into your backyard. Simply providing food will attract neighborhood birds and those who need a quick bite during migration flights.

While pouring some seed or tossing a few breadcrumbs on your lawn will suffice, you’ll have a better chance of attracting a wide variety of birds if you choose a quality bird feeder and fill it with the seeds loved by different species.

There are a few things to know about bird feeders. Consult this primer to get started.

TYPES OF BIRD FEEDERS

When shopping for bird feeders, you’ll quickly discover that there is quite a variety available. Keep in mind that ease of use (for both you and the feeding birds) should be a top priority, followed by size and quality. A bird feeder is an investment, and some range in price from $30 to more than $100. Rather than having to replace the feeder each year, make sure it is sturdily built and will be able to withstand the outdoor elements. Also, look for a feeder that can feed at least 12 birds of various sizes and species at one time. That said, now you can consider the different types and shapes of feeders.

• Tray (platform): These feeders are simply a big, open tray that’s easy to fill

and easy for birds to access seed. What’s more, they can accommodate several birds at one time. Most birds will jump at the chance to feast at a tray feeder. There are some who will be reluctant, however, including doves, quail, sparrows and other ground feeders. However, they can certainly dine on any seed that gets spilled over.

• Hopper feeders: These have plastic or glass enclosures that dole out seed as it is needed. This is a smart choice since seed isn’t wasted and it’s protected when not being eaten.

• Widow feeders: Before storm windows and screened-in windows infil-

trated modern society, birdseed was simply strewn out on an open windowsill. You can still invite birds to your window with a window feeder that mounts like a window box. Or, there are models that simply suction to the window itself.

• Tube feeders: These just may be the most efficient type of feeders out there. They’re self-contained, the seed stays dry, and they hold a large amount of seed, making refilling an infrequent job. They also can feed a good number of birds at one time.

• Nectar feeders: Some birds, like hummingbirds, orioles, house finches and some woodpeckers, prefer

sweet nectar or sugar water over seed. Use a nectar feeder to satisfy their sweet tooth.

CHOOSING FOOD

Although most birds aren’t picky when it comes to a free meal, choosing a seed they’re really fond of will guarantee a better turnout at your feeder.

Black oil sunflower seeds are quite popular and enjoyed by chickadees, grosbeaks, cardinals and finches. White proso millet is a great small seed and attractive to sparrows in the winter. Other birds, such as house finches and pine siskins, like thistle seed, also known as niger. There are commercially made nectar products out there for nectar feeders. However, simply mixing a batch of sugar and water will suffice as well. Tint it with food coloring so you can easily see how much has been depleted.

FEEDER PLACEMENT

Place the feeders where you can watch them easily and gauge if they need to be cleaned or refilled. Feeders come in freestanding,

pole-mounted and hanging varieties, so investigate all your options.

Try to hang feeders by nearby trees or shrubbery so that the birds will have a quick place to retreat to if they feel threatened. In extremely windy areas, consider a sheltered location for your feeder.

Keep in mind that birds will not be the only animals attracted to the feeder.

Squirrels are notorious pillagers, as are raccoons and even rats, especially if seed is knocked over onto the ground and not cleaned up.

Squirrels are dexterous and can scale bird feeder poles and raid the easy loot. There are bird feeders available that feature a cone-shaped shield with an 18-inch radius on the post below the feeder (at least four feet above the ground), which are geared toward stopping pests.

As your welcoming backyard expands, consider adding more feeders of different sizes and nesting containers and birdbaths for your avian friends.

Making The Best Of A Small Dining Space

Some homeowners may aspire to have expansive dining rooms replete with seating for 12 beneath a stunning chandelier. That kind of space certainly makes hosting dinner parties easier. However, modern homes typically have small dining rooms that require homeowners or renters to be resourceful when entertaining guests.

Hosts may not be able to expand their dining spaces, but there are some clever ways to maximize every inch of a small dining room and even some smart solutions for those who don’t have dining rooms at all.

• Maximize seating. Chairs can take up a lot of room in a dining space. To maximize seating availability in smaller dining rooms — or in spaces where you need to create a seating area — look to built-in banquettes or bench seating. These ideas can help create an instant cozy nook and save on space in the process.

• Let space lead furniture choices. Depending on the size and shape of the room, select a table that will fit comfortably. A round, pedestal table may take up less real estate in a smaller room than an oblong or rectangular one. Also, if you have a narrow, galleytype dining space, select a narrow table and lowprofile chairs. Again, benches may work well in narrow spaces.

• Utilize the kitchen island. Many modern homes have no dedicated dining rooms but kitchens that open up to living rooms. Homeowners with kitchen islands can utilize large islands as dining areas, and they’re easy places to enjoy casual

• Create the illusion of more space. Eating areas can be made to feel larger with a few tricks. A mirror on the wall will reflect light and make the room appear larger. In addition, a largescale patterned floor or oversized artwork on the wall may make the room appear more spacious.

meals when stools are pulled up to the island.

• Install a drop-leaf table. Drop-leaf tables do for dining spaces what Murphy beds do for guest rooms. A wall-mounted drop-leaf table can be dropped down for entertaining and folded back up when the space needs to be repurposed.

• Lighten up the color palette. Make dining spaces seem larger with brighter colors. Brightly colored decor, furniture and flooring can do the trick.

• Invest in storage pieces. A simple buffet can store silverware, table cloths, wine glasses, and more, but also serve double-duty as a bar or server for a buffet.

Petite dining spaces can be functional when space is maximized and design tricks are called into action.

Garden Sundials

Beyond the functional value, the aesthetic quality of sundials makes them a great choice to decorate your garden. As an ornamental piece set within serene surroundings, the garden sundial will immediately catch the attention of onlookers. These beautiful devices have won the appreciation of people, down through the ages. The garden sundial is a part of a tradition that is centuries old. The garden sundial can keep the time all through the year.

Designers have created a plethora of distinct sundial designs. There are different designs to suit different gardens. From ornate to simple and portable to fixed, garden sundials come in every shape and size.

Armillary spheres are a

favorite for many people. They are ideally suited to the garden. Here the gnomon (pronounced NOmon, a Greek word meaning “the one who knows.” The gnomon is the pointer on a sundial, the part of the sundial that “knows” the time) is shaped like an arrow shaft that is placed diagonally. Ptolemy, an Egyptian astronomer is responsible for the design of the armillary garden sundial. The arrow in the armillary sundial points to the pole star. You can also inscribe words onto the brass plate. These sundials are normally made out of brass, bronze or stainless steel.

The flat sundial is also a sight to behold. Beautifully made out of bronze or brass, these flat sundials are perfect as a corporate gift. Whether it is for a birthday, anniversary or thank-you gift, this garden sundial is a real eye-catcher.

Apart from these types of garden sundials there is another variety, which can be placed inside or outside. Even though the wallmounted sundial is not specifically suited for the garden, it still provides a great visual impact. The wall-mounted sundial is designed to suit a particular location. The architectural surroundings play a vital part in the design. This type of sundial must be mounted on a south-facing wall. This ensures the longest period of readability.

When looking to buy a garden sundial, personalization is the key. Those that hold personalized messages are all the more special. These keepsakes join together the past, present and the future. Hand crafted sundials make a special gift. As a garden ornament, the sundial is both functional and attractive. They can be easily installed in no time.

all that nature has to

with spring is spring cleaning, a time when people rid themselves of clutter and get around to those projects they’ve been putting off for months. But spring can also be a time for spring

“greening,” where homeowners take a new approach to some household chores in an effort to help do their part for the environment. Fortunately, there are many easy ways to help the environment without having to expend too much energy.

ready for potential spills. Also, use china instead of paper plates. Since spring is a time when backyard barbecues begin again, stock up on reusable plastic plates so the next barbecue can be both fun and environmentally friendly.

• Let nature do your drying: Even the most environmentally-friendly dryers use a significant amount of energy. While some items require using the dryer in order to dry properly, others can dry just as well when hung on a backyard clothesline. Bed linens and even towels will dry effectively on a sunny spring day, and you’ll notice a dip in the energy bill to boot.

• Part ways with paper towels: Disposable items that you use only once and then throw away are very damaging to the environment. Instead of paper towels, use dish towels for spills and keep extras around the kitchen to be

• Ready yourself for the rain: Spring is a time for rejuvenation, but it’s also a time for rain. While most people aren’t fond of the spring rains, they do present a good opportunity to help the environment. Rather than let rain run out of the gutters and into a nearby drain, consider placing a rain barrel at the bottom spout of your gutters. Rain water will accumulate in the barrel, and that water can then be reused to water plants and flowers on days when it isn’t raining. While it might seem minor, it will save a substantial amount of water in the long run.

• Replace the light bulbs: Understandably, many people prefer brighter bulbs

in the winter months, when the sun is not out as long and homes are darker as a result. However, once daylight savings time comes in the spring, consider replacing high wattage bulbs with either lower wattage models or, ideally, energy efficient bulbs. When such bulbs are combined with the increased sunlight, you won’t even notice the difference.

• Organize your errands: Because spring is so commonly used as a time for fixing up around the house, there always seems to be an excess of errands to run.

Rather than making several small trips, however, take time to write down the day’s errands and tackle them all at once. This will not only save on gas, but it will save you lots of time, too.

• Ride to work: Now that the weather’s warming up, if you live close to your office consider riding your bike to work rather than driving. Like other environmentally friendly practices, riding

your bike to work has dual benefits, helping the environment out while simultaneously providing a good source of exercise.

9

Controlling Mosquitoes In Your Backyard

With summer quickly approaching, people everywhere are looking for ways to control the mosquito population in their backyards. While folks fire up their barbecues and prepare for a season of outdoor parties, mosquitoes loom as a source of much annoyance. But more importantly, these pests can pose a serious health threat to families and pets. Homeowners need to develop a plan for controlling these potentially dangerous insects in their backyard.

Time is of the essence, since mosquitoes can develop from egg to adult in as little as four to seven days.

Larviciding offers consumers a proactive option for controlling mosquitoes. The process involves killing mosquitoes during their formative stages before they become breeding, biting adults.

In addition to larviciding, minimizing the amount of standing water can significantly reduce mosquitoes around the home. Homeowners should:

• Destroy or dispose of tin cans, old tires, buckets and similar water-holding containers.

• Drill holes in the bottom of recycling containers that are left outside and cover trash containers to keep out rainwater.

• Clean clogged roof gutters on an annual basis.

• Change water every week in birdbaths and wading pools.

• Aerate ornamental pools or stock them with fish.

• Clean and chlorinate swimming pools that are not being used.

• Check for trapped water in plastic or canvas tarps.

• Clean animal troughs weekly.

• Irrigate lawns and gardens carefully to prevent water from standing for several days.

which 23 percent of respondents indicated they bought new furniture while 18 percent acknowledged building a deck.

The excitement of seeing a new or renovated outdoor living area can make it easy to overlook safety. But outdoor living areas, particularly those that include entertaining areas with televisions, lighting and other electronics, can pose significant safety hazards if homeowners don’t take some necessary precautions.

• Use an appropriate extension cord. String lights above outdoor living spaces like decks and patios can create a warm, relaxing nighttime vibe. Those lights

need to be plugged in, which increases the risk for electrical accidents. When utilizing an extension cord outdoors, never use a cord designated for indoor use.

Outdoor extension cords are better insulated than cords made for indoor use. That insulation provides better protection against the elements, including sunlight, changes in temperature and moisture. When using an extension cord outdoors, make sure the cord is secured and not left lying on a deck or patio where it can easily become a tripping hazard.

• Consider fencing. Fencing can make an outdoor living space more private and safe. Local laws may mandate that pools be enclosed with fencing, but even living spaces without pools can be made safer with the installation of a fence. Firepits are wildly popular, as more than 35 percent of homeowners who responded

to the ICFA survey acknowledged their intention to purchase new firepits in 2021. Adding fencing around areas with firepits establishes boundaries, which is a must for homeowners with small children. Fencing also makes it harder for local wildlife to gain access to a property, which can decrease residents’ risk for tick-borne diseases like Lyme disease.

• Purchase an outdoor television. Outdoor televisions can be expensive, but the cost of such devices will depend on what homeowners are looking for. Homeowners who plan to spend ample time outdoors watching games, movies and their favorite shows may feel a high-end outdoor

television, which can cost anywhere from $10,000 to $20,000, is well worth the investment. But those working with smaller budgets can find a quality 4K outdoor TV for around $2,000. That’s still a steep price tag, but the electronics experts at P.C. Richard & Son note that outdoor TVs are designed with safety features that indoor televisions don’t have. For example, outdoor TVs can self-regulate temperature and moisture levels, greatly reducing the risk of electrical issues.

Outdoor living spaces are wildly popular. Homeowners are urged to prioritize safety when designing and enjoying outdoor entertaining areas at their homes.