Arvand HVAC 46

‫ﻧﺸﺮﯾﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﯾﮑﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬

‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﭼﻬﻞ ﻭ ﺷﺸﻢ ‪ -‬ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩ ‪۱۳۹۱‬‬

‫ﻧﺸﺮﯾﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﯽﺧﻮﺍﻧﯿﺪ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﯿﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ‪۱۶۸۴ - ۴۲۷۰ :‬‬

‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻣﺘﯿﺎﺯ ‪ :‬ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﯾﮑﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ ‪ :‬ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﻣﻨﻮﭼﻬﺮ ﺷﺠﺎﻋﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺩﺑﯿﺮ ‪ :‬ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺑﻬﺮﺍﻣﯽ‬

‫ﺗﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ‪۲ ..........................................................‬‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺮﺍﮐﺰ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﯽ‪۴ .............................‬‬

‫ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ﭘﺴﺘﯽ ﮐﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﮐﺮﺝ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﯿﻢﺷــﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﺳﻪﺭﺍﻩ ﺁﺩﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﯼ ﺧﯿﺎﺑﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ﮐﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ‪۵۶۵۸۵۶۵۷ - ۸ :‬‬ ‫ﺳﻌﺪﯼ‬ ‫‪۵۶۵۸۴۹۹۸‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫‪۵۶۵۸۴۷۱۷‬‬ ‫‪۵۶۵۸۴۱۹۸‬‬ ‫ﻓﮑﺲ ﺗﺪﺍﺭﮐﺎﺕ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪(۰۲۱) ۵۶۵۸۵۸۹۹ ،‬‬ ‫‪۵۶۵۸۶۰۳۶‬‬ ‫‪۵۶۵۸۴۹۸۳ - ۷‬‬ ‫‪(۰۲۱) ۸۸۷۳۹۸۸۰ - ۲‬‬ ‫‪(۰۲۱) ۸۸۸۰۲۶۷۷ - ۸ ، ۸۸۵۰۴۷۷۰ - ۴‬‬ ‫ﻓﮑﺲ ‪(۰۲۱) ۸۸۷۶۶۷۹۴ - ۵۶۵۸۵۰۷۹ :‬‬ ‫‪www.arvandcorp.com‬‬ ‫‪info@arvandcorp.com‬‬ ‫‪sales@arvandcorp.com‬‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﯼ‪۱۱ ................................................‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﻗﺪﯾﻤﯽ ﻭ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ‪۱۵ .........................................‬‬

‫ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‪۲۲ ...................................................‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥﻫﺎ‪۲۸...........................‬‬

‫ﺍﺟﺰﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ‪۳۵ .................................................‬‬

‫ﻋﻼﻗﻪﻣﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﺭﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﺭﺍﯾﮕﺎﻥ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﺸــﺮﯾﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺳــﺎﻝ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﯾﮑﺘﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﯾﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﭘﺴﺘﯽ ‪ ۳۷۶۸۵ - ۱۱۳‬ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮐﻠﯿﻪﯼ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﯼ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﭼﺎﭖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺸﺮﯾﻪﯼ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺸﺮ ﯾﺰﺩﺍ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ARVAND Internal Magazine‬‬ ‫‪Managing Director : M. Shojaei‬‬ ‫‪Editor in chief‬‬ ‫‪: H. Bahrami‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻭ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﯾﺮ ﻧﺸﺮﯾﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺫﮐﺮ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺑﻼﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﻪﻣﻨــﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺝ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﺸــﺮﯾﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﺛــﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﺸﺮﯾﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﯾﺎ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻭ ﻭﯾﺮﺍﯾﺶ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻟﯽ ﻋﻮﺩﺕ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۲‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۶‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺳﯿﺴـﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻭﻗﻔﻪ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺷﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺳــﺎﻝ ‪ 2010‬ﺗﻤﻬﯿﺪﺍﺗﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷﺎﺕ ﺍﺧﯿﺮ ﻃﺮﺣﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺷــﺪ ﺧــﻮﺩ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺭﺳﯿﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻣـﯽ ﺑـﺮﺍﯼ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩﻫـﺎﯼ ﺍﻧـﺮﮊﯼ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺭﺷﯿﺪﯼ‬ ‫ﺳــﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺁﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ )‪ (DOE‬ﻭﺍﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑــﻪ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ‪ 1.2‬ﻣﯿﻠﯿﺎﺭﺩ ﺩﻻﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳــﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﯿﺪﯼ ‪ Mojave‬ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺮﺥ ﺭﺷــﺪ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺁﯾﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﮐﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﭘﺬﯾﺮﺵ ﻣﺒﺪﻝﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺧﺼــﻮﺹ ﻣﺒﺪﻝﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾــﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺭﺷــﺪ ﺳــﺮﯾﻊ ﻧﯿﺎﺯﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﻫﺪﺍﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﻥ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﯾﻦ ﭘــﺮﻭﮊﻩ ‪ 250‬ﻣﮕﺎﻭﺍﺗﯽ‪،‬‬

‫ﺗـﻼﺵ ﺑـﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾـﺶ ﺑـﺎﺯﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ‬

‫ﺑﯿﻞ ﮐﻠﯿﻨﺘﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﯾﯿﺲﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﭘﯿﺸﯿﻦ‪،‬‬

‫ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪54000‬‬

‫ﻭ ﺭﯾﭽﺎﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻧﺴــﻮﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺷــﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ‬

‫ﺧﺎﻧــﻮﺍﺭ ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﮐــﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑــﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺮﻩ‬

‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎﺭﯼ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ‬

‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾــﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﺎ ‪ 30‬ﺩﺭﺻــﺪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﮐﻤﮏ ﮐﻨﻨــﺪ‪ .‬ﮐﻠﯿﻨﺘﻮﻥ‬

‫ﯾﺎﻓﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺳﻪﺳــﺎﻟﻪﺍﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﯼ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﯿﺪﯼ ﺁﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪50‬‬

‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺳﯿﺴـﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻮﺭﺷـﯿﺪﯼ‬ ‫‪ PV‬ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﺘﻮﻭﻟﺘﺎﺋﯿﮏ‬ ‫)‪ (PV‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾــﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﻝ ‪2010‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ ‪ 17‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺶ ﻣﺎﻫﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪ 2011‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑــﺮ ‪ 11‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﮐﺎﻫــﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎﻩ ‪Lawrence‬‬ ‫‪ Berkeley National‬ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺁﻥ ﺷﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﺎﺟﺮﺍﻧﯽ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﯾﺎ ﺍﺟﺎﺭﻩﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻀﺎ ﯾﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﺷــﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻤﺪﯾــﺪ ﮐﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﯼ ‪Carbon War Room’s‬‬

‫ﻓﻀــﺎﯼ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸــﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﻣﺴــﺎﺣﺘﯽ ﺑــﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻧــﺪﺍﺯﻩ ‪ 413000‬ﻓــﻮﺕ ﻣﺮﺑــﻊ )‪38368‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ( ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ‪ 23‬ﺗــﺎ ‪ 25‬ﮊﺍﻧﻮﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺷــﯿﮑﺎﮔﻮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﺭﺳﯿﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﺭﮒﺗﺮﯾــﻦ ﻓﻀﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧــﺪﺍﺯﻩ ‪ 410415‬ﻓﻮﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻊ )‪ 38128‬ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ( ﺑﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﯿﮑﺎﮔﻮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﺭﺳــﯿﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪1700‬‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺿﻪﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻏﺮﻓــﻪ ﺧﺮﯾﺪﺍﺭﯼ‬ ‫ﮐﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧــﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻩﻫــﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻗﯽﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺍﺿﺎﻓﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﯽ ‪ 10000‬ﻓﻮﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺭﺳــﯿﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺁﻣﺎﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳــﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻇﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ِﮐﻠﯽ ﺍﺳــﺘﯿﻮﻧﺰ )‪(Clay Stevens‬‬ ‫ﺭﯾﯿﺲ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸــﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﯿﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﺯﻩ ﮐﺎﻟﯿﻔﺮﻧﯿـﺎ ﮔﻮﺍﻫﯽ ‪Double‬‬ ‫‪ Platinum LEED‬ﺭﺍ ﮐﺴـﺐ‬ ‫ﮐﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺁﮐﺎﺩﻣﯽ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﮐﺎﻟﯿﻔﺮﻧﯿﺎ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻦ ﻣﻮﺯﻩﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﮔﻮﺍﻫﯽ ‪Double‬‬ ‫‪ Platinum LEED‬ﺷــﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺁﮐﺎﺩﻣﯽ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﮐﺘﺒﺮ ﺳــﺎﻝ ‪ 2008‬ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻦ ﮔﻮﺍﻫﯽ ‪Double‬‬ ‫‪ Platinum LEED‬ﺧــﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ‪ :‬ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺧــﻮﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳــﺎﺱ ﺍﻇﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺁﮐﺎﺩﻣﯽ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺳﻌﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ‬

‫‪ Pace Commercial‬ﻗــﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻣﺒﻠﻐﯽ‬

‫‪ 400000‬ﻓﻮﺕ ﻣﺮﺑــﻊ )‪ 37000‬ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ(‬

‫ﺑــﻪ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ‪ 550‬ﻣﯿﻠﯿﻮﻥ ﺩﻻﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺳــﺎﺯﯼ‬

‫ﺑﺰﺭﮒﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻣﺘﯿﺎﺯ‬

‫ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﺎﺭ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎ‬

‫‪ Double Platinum‬ﺭﺍ ﮐﺴﺐ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ‪ DOE‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ‬

‫ﺍﺧﯿــﺮ ﺗــﺎ ﺍﻧــﺪﺍﺯﻩﺍﯼ ﺑــﺎ ﮐﺎﻫــﺶ ﻗﯿﻤﺖ‬

‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎﻩ ‪ AHR 2012‬ﺑﺰﺭﮒﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮ ﺁﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﯾﺎﻓﺖ‬

‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﯿــﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸــﮕﺎﻩ ‪ AHR 2012‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﯾــﺦ‬

‫ﺍﻧــﺮﮊﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳــﺎﺱ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﻧﯿﺮﻭﯼ ﺁﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ‪ PV‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺼــﺎﺭﻑ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﯽ ﻭ‬

‫ﻫﺸــﺘﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺳــﺎﻟﮕﯽ ﺧــﻮﺩ ﺑﺰﺭﮒﺗﺮﯾــﻦ‬

‫ﺑﻨﯿﺎﻥﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ‬

‫ﺗﺠﺎﺭﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2010‬ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸــﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬــﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺷــﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﮐﺖ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻇﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬

‫ﻣﺪﻭﻝﻫﺎﯼ ‪ PV‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ 500000‬ﺧﺎﻧــﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﮐﻢﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ‬

‫ﭼﯿﻠــﺮ ﺟﺬﺑــﯽ ﮔﺎﺯﺳــﻮﺯ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۳‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۶‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻧﺴــﻞ ﺟﺪﯾﺪﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻮﯾــﻪ ﻣﻄﺒــﻮﻉ ﭘﺮﺑــﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﻭ ﮐﻢﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﯼ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪) DOE‬ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ‬ ‫ﺍﯾــﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤــﺪﻩ( ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷــﺪ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺸــﺨﺺ ﺷــﻮﺩ ﺁﯾﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﯿﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦﺷــﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪ DOE‬ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﯾــﺎ ﻧﻪ‪ .‬ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ‪ 50‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 60‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸـﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺮﯾﻠﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪Solar Decathlon 2011‬‬

‫ﺩﻧﯿــﻞ ﭘﻮﻧﻤــﻦ )‪،(Daniel Poneman‬‬

‫ﭼﯿـﻦ ﻭ ﻫﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ ‪ 53‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾـﺶ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻧـﺮﮊﯼ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2035‬ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺴــﺎﺑﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺧﻮﺭﺷــﯿﺪﯼ‪2011‬‬

‫ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮ ﮐﺸــﻮﺭ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﻭ ﮐﻞ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ‬

‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺁﺧﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺕ ‪) EIA‬ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ‬

‫‪ Solar Decathlon‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﺑــﻊ ﮔﺴــﺘﺮﺵ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾــﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋــﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺍﯾﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤــﺪﻩ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺗﯿﻢ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ » ‪ «WaterShed‬ﻧﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﯽ‬

‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿــﻦ ﺭﻗﺎﺑــﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯿﺎﻥ ﺷــﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺭﻭﺩ ﮐــﻪ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺳﺮﺍﺳــﺮ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺧﻮﺭﺷــﯿﺪﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﯾﯽ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ‬

‫ﺁﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎﯾﯽ ﺩﺍﻍ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪«.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﻝ ‪ 2035‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳــﺎﻝ ‪،2008‬‬

‫ﺁﺏ ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻖ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﺁﯾﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪،‬‬

‫ﺑﯿـﺶ ﺍﺯ ﯾـﮏ ﺳـﻮﻡ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌـﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺸـﺎﻏﻞ »ﺳـﺒﺰ«‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬

‫‪ 53‬ﺩﺭﺻــﺪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﭘﯿﺪﺍ ﮐﻨــﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺼــﺮﻑ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﺍﯼ‬

‫‪ EIA‬ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﻣﯽﮐﻨــﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻭﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻢﺳﻮ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ‬

‫ﺗﺠﺪﯾﺪﺷﺪﻧﯽ‪ ،‬ﺳــﺮﯾﻊﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺁﻧﭽــﻪ ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﺗﯿﻢ »ﺍﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ‬

‫‪ 25‬ﺳــﺎﻝ ﺁﯾﻨﺪﻩ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﯿﺶ‬

‫ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ‪ -‬ﻣﻘﯿﺎﺱ« ﻧﺎﻣﯿﺪﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺩﻏﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﯿﻤﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺭﺷــﺪ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺟﺰﺍﯼ ﺍﯾــﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪ :‬ﯾﮏ‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻭﺯﯾﺮ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ‪» ،‬ﺳــﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺧﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﺻﺪﻫﺎ ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﺷﻐﻞ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﺳــﺎﺱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﺟﺪﯾﺪﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﯿﺮ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷــﺪ‪ 35 ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳــﺎﻥ ﻭ ﭘﯿﻤﺎﻧﮑﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﭘﺎﯾﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸــﻐﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻤــﻮﻉ ﺑﯿــﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ 661000‬ﻧﻔﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎﻥ ﺍﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺸﺎﻏﻞ‬

‫ﭼﯿﻦ ﻭ ﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﯽﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭﻭﺩ ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﻭ ﮐﺸﻮﺭ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪ 2035‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﭼﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ ‪ 68‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﯿﻢ ﺩﺍﻧﺸــﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺮﯾﻠﻨﺪ ﺑــﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺳﻘﻒ ﺳﺒﺰ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﺍﯼ ﺩﻭ ﺗﮑﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﯼ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺧﻮﺭﺷــﯿﺪﯼ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺗﻼﻕﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﻓﺎﺿﻼﺏ ﺳﻄﺤﯽ ﻭ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﮐﺴﺘﺮﯼ )ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻓﺎﺿﻼﺏ ﺳﺒﮏ( ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﯿﻠﻪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﻣﯽ‪ ،‬ﯾﮏ ﺁﺭﺍﯾﻪ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻭﻟﺘﺎﯾﯿﮏ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ 50‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ‬

‫‪ McQuay‬ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻦ ﺷـﺮﮐﺖﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ ‪ DOE‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳﯿﺴـﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﻓﻮﻕ‪-‬ﮐﺎﺭﺁﻣﺪ‬

‫ﺣﻤﺎﯾــﺖ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺴــﺎﺑﻘﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﮐــﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‬

‫ﻭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺍﻧﺤﺼﺎﺭﯼ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ »ﺳــﺒﺰ«‬

‫ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺟﺪﯾــﺪ ‪Daikin McQuay‬‬

‫ﺗﯿﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﺍﻧﺸــﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﺳﺮﺍﺳــﺮ ﺩﻧﯿﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬

‫ﺳــﺮﻭﮐﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭﻭﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ‬

‫‪Rebel‬‬

‫‪McQuay‬‬

‫ﺯﻣﯿﻨﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻮﺭﺷــﯿﺪﯼ‬

‫ﺗﺎ ﺳــﻪ ﺳــﺎﻝ ﺁﯾﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ ﻭ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﻝ‬

‫‪ International‬ﺍﻭﻟﯿــﻦ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺭﺳــﻤﯽ ﯾﮏ‬

‫ﺑــﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻗﺎﺑــﺖ ﻣﯽﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻨــﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ‬

‫‪ 2014‬ﺑﻪ ‪ 45‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧــﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺘﯽ ﺩﺍﻭﻃﻠﺒﺎﻧﻪ‬

‫‪ ASHRAE‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫»ﺳﺒﺰ« ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻏﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﯾﺎ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‬

‫ﭼﯿﻠــﺮ ﺟﺬﺑــﯽ ﮔﺎﺯﺳــﻮﺯ‬

‫ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺷــﺮﮐﺖ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﮐﻞ ﺁﺏ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﯽ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﻭ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﮔﯿﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۴‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۶‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺧﺪﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪HVAC design manual for hospitals and clinics :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻧﺸﺮ ﯾﺰﺩﺍ‬

‫ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ؛ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬

‫ﻣﺤﯿﻂﻫــﺎﯼ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﯼ‪ .‬ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺷــﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬

‫ﺗﻔــﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﺳﺎﺳــﯽ ﺑﯿــﻦ ﻃﺮﺍﺣــﯽ‬

‫ﻭ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳــﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ‬

‫‪ AHSRAE 15‬ﻭ ﮐﺪﻫــﺎﯼ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾــﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﻣﺘــﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻭ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ‬

‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ )‪ (DX‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﮐﺰ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﯽ‬

‫ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﯼ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺍﺗﺎﻕﻫﺎ‪/‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻮﺍﺣﯽ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭﮐﻠﯽ‪،‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ )‪ (IAQ‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬

‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﯽ ﭘﺎﮎ ﺑﻪﺳﻤﺖ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﯽ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨــﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﺗﯽ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﭘﺎﮐﯿﺰﮔﯽ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳــﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﺟﻬﺖ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﻫﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮ‬

‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﻤﯿــﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬــﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ‪ ،‬ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﺣﺎﯾﺰ ﺍﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ASHRAE‬ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾــﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ :‬ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﺁﺑﯽ ﻭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴــﺎﺕ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﮐﺘﺎﺏﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒــﻮﻉ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ‬

‫ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻨﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﯿﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﻨﺎﻣﻪ‬

‫ﺑــﺮ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺩﺳــﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺎﺳــﯽ‬

‫‪ –ASHRAE‬ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭ‬

‫ﺗﻘﺴــﯿﻢ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ :‬ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺣﺠــﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬

‫ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺭﺍﻫﮑﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‬

‫)‪(CAV‬ﻭ ﺣﺠــﻢ ﻣﺘﻐﯿــﺮ ﻫــﻮﺍ )‪.(VAV‬‬

‫ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﮐﺰ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﯽ‪،‬‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺣﺠــﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﻏﻠــﺐ ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬

‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸــﯽ ﻣﺤﺴــﻮﺱ ﻭ ﻧﻬﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬

‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻔﯿﺪﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺧﻨﮏ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻀﺎﯼ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﯽ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﺳــﺘﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﺍﺳــﺖ؛ ﺍﮔﺮﭼــﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺳــﺎﺯﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﯿﭻ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ‬

‫ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪﺷــﺮﻁ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾــﻪﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺑــﺮﺩﻥ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺗﺎﻕﻫﺎﯼ ﻋﻤﻞ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺣﺠﻢ‬

‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘــﻪ ﺿــﺮﻭﺭﯼ ﻧﯿﺴــﺖ‪ .‬ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾــﺶ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻋــﺚ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﯾﺖﻫﺎﯾــﯽ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺰﯾﻨﺶ‬

‫ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺣﺠﻢ‬

‫ﻫﻮﺍﺭﺳــﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼ ﯾﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﺎﺗﯽ‬

‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﺎﺩﻩﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺭﻭﯾﮑﺮﺩ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‬

‫ﻣﯽﭘﺬﯾﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﻭ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﯼ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﯼ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫــﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ‪ ،‬ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﻫﻮﺍ‪،‬‬

‫ﺍﺗﺎﻕﻫــﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺜــﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺗﺎﻕﻫﺎﯼ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻭ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﻧﻪﺍﯼ‬

‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﯾﺖﻫﺎﯾــﯽ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﻫﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭ‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾﺸــﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻧﺼﺐﺷــﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﺏ ﻭ‬

‫ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻫﻮﺍ‪.‬‬

‫‪ VAV‬ﻣﻌﻤــﻮﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬

‫ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ‬

‫ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﺩﺭﺳﺘﯽ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﻧﺴــﺒﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺍﺗﺎﻕﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﮑﯽ ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼ ﺧﻨﮏ ﯾﺎ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻧﯿﺎﺯﯼ ﺑــﻪ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍ‪ .‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (1‬ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﯽ ﺭﺍ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﺳــﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪﯼ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﻫﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﮐﻞ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ‬

‫ﭼﯿﻠــﺮ ﺟﺬﺑــﯽ ﮔﺎﺯﺳــﻮﺯ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۵‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۶‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (1‬ﺩﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﻫﻮﺍ‬

‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﮏ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﻧﻪﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪﺍﯼ )‪(multizone‬‬ ‫‪ ،VAV‬ﺗﮏ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫‪ ،VAV‬ﺩﻭ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻟﻪ‬

‫ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍ‬

‫ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻦﮐﻮﯾﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪B‬‬ ‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺁﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﻓﻦﮐﻮﯾﻞ )ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻏﯿﺮ ﮐﻠﯿﻨﯿﮑﯽ(‬

‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﺗﺎﺑﺶ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ )‪(Perimeter Radiation‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻧﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ )‪(Radiant panels‬‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻧﺒﺴــﺎﻁ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﯾﮕﺎﻧﻪ‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﻧﻪ ﯾﮑﭙﺎﺭﭼﻪ )‪(PTACs‬‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻧﺸﻌﺎﺑﯽ ‪-‬ﯾﮑﭙﺎﺭﭼﻪ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴـﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﯾﺎ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﮏ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﻧﻪﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﺠــﺪﺩ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻝﺣﺎﺿــﺮ ﺭﺍﯾﺞﺗﺮﯾــﻦ ﻣــﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺩﺭ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥﻫﺎﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺣﺠــﻢ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﻃﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﯿﻪ ﻗﺎﻧﻊﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺍﮐﺰ ﺫﯾﺼﻼﺡ ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻃﺮﺡ ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ ،(2‬ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺸــﺎﻫﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ‬

‫ﮐﻮﯾﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﯾﯽ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﺁﺑــﯽ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣــﯽ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺡﺭﯾﺰﯼ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﯽ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴــﺎﺕ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣــﺎﺕ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻧــﯽ ﻭ ﻫﺰﯾﻨــﻪ ﻋﻤــﺮ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﺳــﺮﺩﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﻭﺩﺗﯽ ﻣﺮﮐــﺰﯼ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾــﺶ ﻣﺒﺪﻝﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﻫﻮﺍ‬

‫ﯾﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫــﺎﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﻗــﻊ ﺩﺭ ﯾﺎ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻮﯾــﻪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﮔﺮﻡﮐــﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﺏ ﯾﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻫﻤــﺎﻥ ﺷــﺒﮑﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸــﯽ ﯾﺎ ﺑﻪﻭﺳــﯿﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸﯽ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺫﺧﯿﺮﻩ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ‪ ،‬ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﯾــﮏ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺗﻤﺎﻣــﺎ ﻫــﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﭼﯿﻠــﺮ ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨــﮏ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﯾــﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻫﻮﺍﺭﺳــﺎﻥ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺍﺭﺳــﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﮔﺸــﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺑــﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺷــﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﮐﻮﯾﻞﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺳــﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ ﯾﺎ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ ﻭ ﻓﻦﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﮕﯽ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻋﺎﯾﻖﺩﺍﺭ ﮔﻨﺠﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻮﺍ‬

‫)‪ (3‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺰﯾﺖﻫﺎ‬ ‫● ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﯿــﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﻤﯿــﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬــﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯾﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧــﺪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﺛــﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺯﯾﺎﺏﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﻫﻮﺍﯾﯽ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺒﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑﭘﺬﯾــﺮﯼ ﻗﺎﺑﻞﺗﻮﺟﻬــﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺍﺣﯽ ﭼﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﮔﯿﺮ)ﺧﺸــﮏ ﮐﻦ( ﻭ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻮﺍﺭﺳﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﺯﯾﺎﺑﯽ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺸــﺎﺭ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ‬

‫ﮔﺮﻣــﺎ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺑﺎﻣﻮﻓﻘﯿﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻧﺘﺸــﺎﺭ ﮐﻢﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻀﺎ‬

‫ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﮔﻨﺠﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺭﺳــﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫــﺎﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﻧــﻪ‪ ،‬ﮐﺎﺭ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯼ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﯽ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺏﺩﺍﻍ ﯾﺎ ﮐﻮﯾﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺮﺍﮐﺰ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﯽ ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑــﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﮐﻨــﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺷــﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺟــﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (2‬ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾــﻪ‬

‫ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﯽ‬

‫ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋــﯽ ﺭﺍ ﮐــﻪ ﻣﻌﻤــﻮﻻ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﯽ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﯾﺎ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ‬

‫ﻧﻘﺎﯾﺺ‬

‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﮐﺰ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﯽ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻦﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﯾﺎ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ‬

‫● ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾــﺶ ﻣﺠــﺪﺩ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﺷــﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﻣﯽﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻃﺮﺡﮐﻠﯽ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ‬

‫ﮔﺰﯾﻨــﺶ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺑــﻪ ﻣﻌﯿﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﻮﺍﺭﺳــﺎﻥ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (1‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺑﻪﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﭼﯿﻠــﺮ ﺟﺬﺑــﯽ ﮔﺎﺯﺳــﻮﺯ‬

‫● ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﺯﺩﺍﯾﯽ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﯾﺮ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻫﻮﺍ‬ ‫● ﻓﺮﺻﺘﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺑﺎﻻﯼ ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﯿﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﯾﺎ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۶‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۶‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (2‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﯼ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﺎﯼ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺗﯽ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ )ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ(‬

‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻭﯾﮋﻩ‬

‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﮏ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﻧﻪﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻟﻪ‪ VAV ،‬ﺑﺎﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ‬

‫ﻣﺤﯿﻂﻫﺎﯼ ﺣﺴﺎﺱ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﯾﮕﺎﻧﻪ )ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ(‬ ‫]ﯾﮕﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨﮏ[‬

‫ﮐﻠﯿﻨﯿﮏ‬

‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﮏ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﻧﻪﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪﺍﯼ )‪(multizone‬‬ ‫‪VAV‬ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ‬ ‫‪ ،VAV‬ﺩﻭ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫‪ ،VAV‬ﺗﮏ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻦ ﺑﺮﻗﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑﺶ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ )ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ(‬

‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻭ ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ‬

‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﮏ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﻧﻪﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪﺍﯼ )‪(multizone‬‬ ‫‪VAV‬ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ‬ ‫‪ ،VAV‬ﺩﻭ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫‪ ،VAV‬ﺗﮏ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻦ ﺑﺮﻗﯽ‬ ‫ﻓﻦ ﮐﻮﯾﻞ )ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻏﯿﺮ ﮐﻠﯿﻨﯿﮑﯽ(‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑﺶ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ )ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ(‬

‫ﻣﺤﯿﻂﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ)ﮐﻠﯿﻨﯿﮑﯽ(‬

‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﮏ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﻧﻪﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪﺍﯼ )‪(multizone‬‬ ‫‪VAV‬ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺩﻭﮐﺎﻧﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑﺶ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ )ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ(‬

‫ﻣﺤﯿﻂﻫﺎﯼ ﺭﺳﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﮏ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﻧﻪﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪﺍﯼ )‪(multizone‬‬ ‫‪VAV‬ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﻭﮐﺎﻧﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑﺶ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ )ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ(‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎﻩ‬

‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﮏ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﻧﻪﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪﺍﯼ )‪(multizone‬‬ ‫‪VAV‬ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑﺶ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ )ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ(‬

‫● ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ ﻓﻀﺎﯼ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﮑﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺗﺎﻕﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻏﯿﺮﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ،VAV‬ﺗﮏ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻟﻪ ﻓﻦﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫــﺎﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﻧــﻪ ‪ VAV‬ﮐﺎﺭ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺍﻍ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﯾﺎ ﮐﻮﯾﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣــﺖ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﮐﻨﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺩﻫﻨــﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﻧﻪ ﺑــﻪ ﻓﻦﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﭼﺮﺧــﺶ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻆ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﻭ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﻌﺒﻪﻫــﺎﯼ ﻓﻦ ﺑﺮﻗــﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﯾﺎ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺰﯾﺖﻫﺎ‬ ‫● ﺗﺠﻬﯿــﺰﺍﺕ ﮐﺎﺭﮔﺎﻫــﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳــﻬﻮﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻋﻤﻠﯿــﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﻤﯿــﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬــﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯾﺖ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧــﺪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﺛــﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺯﯾﺎﺏﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﻫﻮﺍﯾﯽ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺒﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﻣﺤﺮﮎﻫــﺎﯼ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻣﺘﻐﯿــﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬ ‫ﺣﺠــﻢ ﻓــﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻫﺰﯾﻨــﻪ ﺑﻪﺻﺮﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑﭘﺬﯾﺮﯼ ﻗﺎﺑﻞﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﯽﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﺯﺩﺍﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺒﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﯽﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺍﻣــﮑﺎﻥ ﮐﻨﺘــﺮﻝ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﯾﺮ ﺗﻬﻮﯾــﻪ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﯽﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﻓﺮﺻﺘﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ‬ ‫● ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺒﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻘﺎﯾﺺ‬ ‫● ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۷‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۶‬‬

‫ﺷﯿﺮ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﮐﻮﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺶﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫)ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯽ(‬

‫ﺷﯿﺮ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬ ‫ﮐﻮﯾﻞ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫ﺍﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ‬

‫ﺩﻣﭙﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﺯﯾﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺭﺟﯽ‬

‫ﻓﺮﯾﺰﺳﺘﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺁﺏ ﺳﺮﺩ‬

‫‪ = SP‬ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺭﻓﺖ ﺁﺏ ﮔﺮﻡ‬

‫ﺭﻓﺖ ﺁﺏ ﺳﺮﺩ‬ ‫‪SP‬‬

‫‪ = RA-T‬ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺘﺎﺕ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﯽ‬ ‫‪= SA- T‬ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺘﺎﺕ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺭﻓﺖ‬ ‫‪ = NO‬ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺁﺏ ﮔﺮﻡ‬

‫‪SA-T‬‬

‫‪RA-T‬‬

‫ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺩﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ )ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﮑﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪(.‬‬

‫ﻓﻦ )ﻫﺎﯼ(‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ‪/‬‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ‬

‫ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫)ﺍﮐﭽﻮﯾﺘﺮ( ﺩﻣﭙﺮ‬

‫ﻓﻦ ﺭﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‬

‫ﮐﻮﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺶﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫)ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯽ(‬

‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬ ‫)ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯽ(‬

‫ﻣﺤﺮﮎ ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻦ‬ ‫) ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯽ(‬

‫ﻣﺤﺮﮎ ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻦ‬ ‫) ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯽ(‬

‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬ ‫)ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯽ(‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (1‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﮐﻠﯽ ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﻮﺍﺭﺳﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ‬

‫ﺷﯿﺮ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬ ‫ﮐﻮﯾﻞ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺁﺏ ﺳﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﺖ ﺁﺏ ﺳﺮﺩ‬

‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺩﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ )ﺑﻪ ﻣﮑﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ(‬

‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺷﯿﺮ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﮐﻮﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺶﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫)ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯽ(‬ ‫ﻓﺮﯾﺰﺳﺘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﺖ ﺁﺏ ﮔﺮﻡ‬ ‫)ﯾﺎ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ(‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺁﺏ ﮔﺮﻡ‬ ‫)ﯾﺎ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺲ(‬

‫ﻓﻦ ﺭﻓﺖ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ )ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯽ(‬

‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﻧﻪﺍﯼ ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ‬

‫ﺍﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ‬

‫ﺩﻣﭙﺮﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﯾﺎﺏ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺭﺟﯽ‬

‫‪ ==NC‬ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫‪NC‬‬ ‫‪ ==NO‬ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫‪NO‬‬

‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻓﻦ )ﻫﺎﯼ( ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ‪ /‬ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ‬ ‫‪NC‬‬

‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺖ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﮐﻮﯾﻞ ﭘﯿﺶﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫)ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯽ(‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ )ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯽ(‬

‫ﻓﻌﺎﻝﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﭙﺮ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﺮ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪DDC‬‬

‫ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﻧﯿﮑﯽ ﺩﻣﭙﺮ‬

‫ﺭﻓﺖ ﺁﺏ ﮔﺮﻡ‬

‫ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﻓﻀﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪DDC‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺁﺏ ﮔﺮﻡ‬ ‫)ﯾﺎ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺲ(‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﯾﻔﯿﻮﺯﺭ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻫﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﯿﺮﯼ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ‬

‫ﮐﻮﯾﻞ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﮔﺮﯾﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﻫﻮﺍ‬

‫ﺑﻪﺳﻤﺖ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﯽ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (2‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﮐﻠﯽ ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﻮﺍﺭﺳﺎﻥ )ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﻧﻪﺍﯼ(‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۸‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۶‬‬

‫ﺷﯿﺮ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﮐﻮﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺶﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫)ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯽ(‬

‫ﺷﯿﺮ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﮐﻮﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺁﺏ ﺳﺮﺩ‬

‫ﻓﻦ )ﻫﺎﯼ( ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ‪ /‬ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ‬

‫ﻓﻦ ﺭﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬ ‫)ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯽ(‬

‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﻧﻪﺍﯼ ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﺮﺣﺠﻢ ﻫﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﻧﯿﮑﯽ ﺩﻣﭙﺮ‬

‫ﺩﻣﭙﺮﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﯾﺎﺏ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺭﺟﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻓﺮﯾﺰﺳﺘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﺖ ﺁﺏ ﮔﺮﻡ‬ ‫)ﯾﺎﺑﺨﺎﺭ(‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺁﺑﮕﺮﻡ‬ ‫)ﯾﺎ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺲ(‬

‫ﺭﻓﺖ ﺁﺏ ﺳﺮﺩ‬

‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺩﺳﺖ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬ ‫)ﺑﻪ ﻣﮑﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ(‬

‫ﺍﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ‬

‫ﻣﺤﺮﮎ ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻦ‬ ‫)ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯽ(‬

‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻝﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺖ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﭙﺮ‬ ‫ﮐﻮﯾﻞ ﭘﯿﺶﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫)ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯽ(‬

‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬ ‫)ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯽ(‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﺮ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪DDC‬‬

‫ﺷﯿﺮ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﮐﻮﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫‪ ==RA-T‬ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺘﺎﺕ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﯽ‬ ‫‪RA-T‬‬ ‫‪ ==NC‬ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫‪NC‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺮﮎ ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻦ‬ ‫)ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯽ(‬

‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ‬ ‫)ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ(‬

‫ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬

‫ﺭﻓﺖ ﺁﺏ ﮔﺮﻡ‬ ‫)ﯾﺎ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ(‬

‫ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﻓﻀﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪DDC‬‬

‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﺮﺣﺠﻢ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪DDC‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﻧﯿﮑﯽﺩﻣﭙﺮ‬

‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺁﺏ ﮔﺮﻡ‬ ‫)ﯾﺎ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺲ(‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﯾﻔﯿﻮﺯﺭ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻫﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﯿﺮﯼ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﮔﺮﯾﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﻫﻮﺍ‬

‫ﮐﻮﯾﻞ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺪﺩ‬

‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﯿﺮﯼ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﯽ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ‬

‫ﺑﻪﺳﻤﺖ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﯽ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (3‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﮐﻠﯽ ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﻮﺍﺭﺳﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ )ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﻧﻪﺍﯼ(‬

‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻭ ﻣﯿــﺰﺍﻥ ﺭﻃﻮﺑــﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻮﺍﺭﺳﺎﻥ )‪ ( AHU‬ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺗﻄﺒﯿــﻖ ﺑــﺎ ﺍﻧــﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺭﻫــﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻫــﻮﺍﯼ ﺑﯿــﺮﻭﻥ ﺭﺍ ﮐﺸــﯿﺪﻩ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﯼ ﻭ ﺳــﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣــﮑﺎﻥ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ‬

‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﯽ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﻫﻮﺍ‬

‫ﻧﻮﺍﺣــﯽ ﺗﺤــﺖ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫــﻢ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺫﺧﯿﺮﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺧﻨﮏ ﻣﯽﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ‪ .‬ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺑﻪﻭﺳﯿﻠﻪ‬

‫ﺁﻥﻫــﺎ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨــﺪ ﺣﺠﻢﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﯾﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯﯾﺎﺏ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺑﺎﺷــﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺸــﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻃﺮﺡ ﮐﻠﯽ‬

‫ﻫﻮﺍﺭﺳﺎﻥ )‪ (AHU‬ﺧﻨﺜﯽ )ﮔﺮﻡ( ﻫﻮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺩﻭﮐﺎﻧﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (4‬ﺭﺍﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸــﺘﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﯼ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺫﯾﻞ‬

‫ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺩﺭﻣﯽﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾــﺶ ﻭ ﺳــﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺍﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺩﻭ ﻓـﻦ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻟﻪ )ﺣﺠﻢ ﻫـﻮﺍﯼ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﯾﺎ‬

‫ﺗﮏ ﻓﻦ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻟﻪ )ﺣﺠﻢ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ(‬

‫ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ(‬

‫● ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺧــﺎﺹ ﺑﻪ ﺁﮐﻮﺳــﺘﯿﮏ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻭ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻭ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻟــﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫــﻮﺍ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻀﺎﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪﺷــﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺩﻭ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﯼ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺧﻨﮏ ﻭ ﺩﯾﮕﺮﯼ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺳﺮﺩ ﻭ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻭ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻟــﻪ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾــﻦ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﻭﮐﺎﻧﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭ ﻓﻦ )‪(DFDD‬‬

‫ﭘﺎﯾﺎﻧــﻪﺍﯼ )ﺩﻭ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻟﻪ( ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺩﺍﻍ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺒﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﮏ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻟﻪ‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭ ﺗﺮﮐﯿــﺐ ﻫــﻮﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻭﺍﺣــﺪ ﻫﻮﺍﺭﺳــﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺳــﺮﺩ ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ‬

‫ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎ ﺍﻣــﮑﺎﻥ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬

‫)‪ (AHUs‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺍﺗــﺎﻕ ﺗﻐﯿﯿــﺮ ﻣﯽﮐﻨــﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﭼﯿﻠــﺮ ﺟﺬﺑــﯽ ﮔﺎﺯﺳــﻮﺯ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۹‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۶‬‬

‫‪ ==NC‬ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫‪NC‬‬ ‫‪ ==RA-T‬ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺘﺎﺕ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﯽ‬ ‫‪RA-T‬‬

‫ﺭﻓﺖ ﺁﺏ ﮔﺮﻡ )ﯾﺎ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ(‬

‫ﺷﯿﺮ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﮐﻮﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺁﺏ ﮔﺮﻡ )ﯾﺎﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺲ(‬

‫ﺍﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺷﯿﺮ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﮐﻮﯾﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺶﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ‬ ‫)ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯽ(‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﯾﺰﺳﺘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﺖ ﺁﺏ ﮔﺮﻡ‬ ‫)ﯾﺎ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ(‬

‫ﺩﻣﭙﺮﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﯾﺎﺏ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺭﺟﯽ‬

‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻦ )ﻫﺎﯼ(‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ‪ /‬ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺁﺏ ﮔﺮﻡ‬ ‫)ﯾﺎﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺲ(‬

‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﻦ ﺭﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮﮎ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﮐﻮﯾﻞ ﭘﯿﺶﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫)ﺍﮐﭽﻮﯾﺘﺮ(‬ ‫ﻓﻦ‬ ‫)ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯽ(‬ ‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺩﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﭙﺮ )ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯽ(‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮﮎ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫)ﺑﻪ ﻣﮑﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺭﻓﺖ ﺁﺏ ﺳﺮﺩ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ(‬ ‫ﻓﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬ ‫)ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯽ(‬ ‫)ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯽ( )ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯽ(‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻭﺗﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﯾﺎ ﻣﺘﻌﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﺮ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪DDC‬‬ ‫)ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯽ(‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﺮ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﺮﺣﺠﻢ ﻫﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﯾﺎ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ‪DDC‬‬ ‫‪DDC‬‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﭙﺮ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﮔﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﯾﺎ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻝﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫‪DDC‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﻧﯿﮏ ﺩﻣﭙﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﯾﻔﯿﻮﺯﺭ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻫﻮﺍ‬

‫ﺑﻪﺳﻤﺖ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﯽ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﮔﺮﯾﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﻫﻮﺍ‬

‫ﺩﻣﭙﺮ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺳﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﻧﯿﮑﯽ ﺩﻣﭙﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﺮ ‪ DDC‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﯾﺎ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ‬

‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﯿﺮﯼ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﯽ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (4‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﮐﻠﯽ ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﻮﺍﺭﺳﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﯾﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ )ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻮﺍﺭﺳﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﮐﺎﻧﺎﻟﻪ(‬

‫ﭘﺎﯾﺎﻧﻪﺍﯼ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﮐﻨﺶ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺍ ﻣﺠــﺪﺩﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﯾــﺎ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻫﻮﺍﺭﺳﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺰﯾﺖﻫﺎ‬ ‫● ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﮐﺎﺭﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳــﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧــﺪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﺛــﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺯﯾﺎﺏﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﻫﻮﺍﯾﯽ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺒﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫● ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑﭘﺬﯾﺮﯼ ﻗﺎﺑﻞﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﯽﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﺯﺩﺍﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺒﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﯽﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺍﻣــﮑﺎﻥ ﮐﻨﺘــﺮﻝ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﯾﺮ ﺗﻬﻮﯾــﻪ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﯽﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﻓﺮﺻﺘﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ‬

‫● ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺧــﺎﺹ ﺑﻪ ﺁﮐﻮﺳــﺘﯿﮏ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﯼ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ‪ ،‬ﺑــﺎ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺳــﺮﺩ ﻭ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻣﭙﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺍﺭﺳﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﯾــﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﻭ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻧﻘﺎﯾﺺ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﮏ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﯼ‬

‫● ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﺸــﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﭼﯿﻠــﺮ ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﻨﮏﺷــﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻮﺍﺭﺳــﺎﻥ‬

‫● ﻣﺤﺮﮎﻫــﺎﯼ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻣﺘﻐﯿــﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬

‫● ﻧﯿﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﻓﻀــﺎﯼ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝﺑﻨــﺪﯼ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ‬

‫ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼ ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻮﺍﺭﺳﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﻓﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﻪﺻﺮﻓﻪ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐــﻪ ﺑﺎﻋــﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾــﺶ ﺍﺭﺗﻔــﺎﻉ‬

‫ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﮔﺸــﺘﯽ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ‪،‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۱۰‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۶‬‬

‫ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﮐﻮﯾﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﺳــﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ ﯾﺎ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻦﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﮕﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻋﺎﯾﻖﺩﺍﺭ ﮔﻨﺠﺎﻧﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻫﻮﺍﺭﺳﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺰﯾﺖﻫﺎ‬ ‫● ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﮐﺎﺭﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳــﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧــﺪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﺛــﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺯﯾﺎﺏﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﻫﻮﺍﯾﯽ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺒﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑﭘﺬﯾﺮﯼ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﯼ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﯽﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﺯﺩﺍﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺒﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﯽﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺍﻣــﮑﺎﻥ ﮐﻨﺘــﺮﻝ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﯾﺮ ﺗﻬﻮﯾــﻪ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﯽﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﻓﺮﺻﺘﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻘﺎﯾﺺ‬ ‫● ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺗﺎﻕﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﮑﯽ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻏﯿﺮﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﻧﯿﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﯼ ﮐﺎﻧﺎﻝﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﻗﺎﺑﻞﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐــﻪ ﺑﺎﻋــﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾــﺶ ﺍﺭﺗﻔــﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ‪...‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۱۱‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۶‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻨﻰ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪The Practical Pumping Handbook :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻧﺸﺮ ﯾﺰﺩﺍ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﻋﻤــﻮﺩﯼ‪ 1‬ﺍﺯ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﺏﺭﺳــﺎﻧﯽ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﻭ ﺷــﻬﺮﯼ‬

‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪﯼ ﻣﮑﺸــﯽ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﺗﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﻣﮑﺶ‬

‫ﺷــﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﯿﻦﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﯼ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺪﻧﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﭼﺪﻧﯽ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾــﺶ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬

‫ﺭﺍﻫــﯽ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽ ﭘﯿﻤﻮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ؛ ﻭﻟــﯽ ﺍﮐﻨﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺑﺮﻧــﺰﯼ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﯿﮑﻞ ﻭ ﺁﻟﻮﻣﯿﻨﯿﻮﻡ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻧﺰ ﯾﺎ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻣﮑﺶ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ‪ NPSH‬ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬

‫ﮔﺴــﺘﺮﻩﯼ ﻭﺳﯿﻌﯽ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺿﺪﺯﻧﮓ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺮ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻭﺿﻌﯿﺘــﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﭘﻤﭗﻫــﺎ ﮐﻤﺎﮐﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﺳﺮﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﯼ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻔﺖ ﺗﻮﭘﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻻﮐﺸﯿﺪﻥ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻔﺮﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﺏ ﺯﯾﺮﺯﻣﯿﻨﯽ‪،‬‬

‫ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪﯼ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﮐﻮﭘﻠﯿﻨﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﯼ ﺩﻫﺶ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻﯼ‬

‫ﺗﺎﻻﺏﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﯾﺎﭼﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻗﯿﺎﻧﻮﺱﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺩﻫﺶ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺷــﻔﺖ ﺯﯾﺮ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮ‬

‫ﮐﺎﺳــﻪﻧﻤﺪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿــﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﮐﻨﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻌﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬

‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﮑﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﺎ ﯾﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻒﮔﺮﺩ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪﯼ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺁﺳﯿﺎﺏ ﮐﺎﻏﺬ‬

‫ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﯾﻦ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺮﮎﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪﮐﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬

‫ﻭ ﺧﻤﯿــﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﻧﯿﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﻧﯿــﺰ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ‬

‫ﯾﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻒﮔﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ‬

‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﮐﻠﯽ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻣﺸﮑﻼﺕ‬

‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺟﺪﺍﯾﯽﻧﺎﭘﺬﯾﺮ‬

‫ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﯾــﮏ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺷــﻔﺖ ﺗﻮﺧﺎﻟﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ‬

‫ﻧﺎﺷﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺮﺯﺵ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﺗﺶﻧﺸﺎﻧﯽ ﻭ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪،‬‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﯼ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﯼ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﺁﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﭘﺘﺮﻭﺷﯿﻤﯽ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺧﻄﯽ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﮐﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻻ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﺳــﯿﺎﻻﺗﯽ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎ ﺩﺍﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ‬

‫ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻪﻭﺳﯿﻠﻪﯼ ﯾﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻒﮔﺮﺩ ﻣﺤﮑﻢ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﻣﺎﯾﯽ ﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﮔﻮﮔﺮﺩ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊﮐﻨﻨــﺪﻩﯼ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﯼ‪ 2‬ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﯾــﮏ ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪﯼ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﯼ ﺑﺎ ﺷــﻔﺖ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺶﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﻃﻮﻝ ﭘﻤﭗ‬

‫ﺍﺷــﮑﺎﻝ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺧﻄﯽ‬

‫ﺗﻮﭘﺮ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﮐﻮﭘﻠﯿﻨﮓ‬

‫ﻭ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﯾﺎ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺩﺍﻍ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﭼﺎﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻋﻤﯿﻖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﯼ ﺳــﺮﻟﻮﻟﻪﯼ ﺗﺨﻠﯿــﻪﯼ ﺑﺎﻻﯼ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﮐــﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ‬

‫)‪ (1‬ﻧﺸــﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﻩﯼ‬

‫ﮐﺎﺳﻪﻧﻤﺪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻪﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﯼ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮐﺮﺩ ﮐــﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫ﻭﺳﯿﻌﯽ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﯼ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪(3‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻧﯿﺮﻭﻫﺎﯼ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﻣﺎﯾﯽ ﻭ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ‪ AWWA‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﯼ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﮐﺎﺳﻪﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻐﺮﻕ ﺍﯾﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ‪،‬‬

‫ﻭﺳﯿﻠﻪﯼ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﮑﺶ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺶ‬

‫ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﻫــﺎﯼ ﺍﯾﻦ ﭘﻤﭗﻫــﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻻﮐﺸــﯿﺪﻥ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻔﺮﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺯﯾﺮﺯﻣﯿﻨﯽ ﻭ ﺍﺯ‬

‫‪ VIII‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ ASME‬ﺑﻪﻫﻢ ﻣﯽﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺿﺪﺯﻧﮓ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ‪ 300‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﭼﺎﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺣﻔﺮﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫ﺍﯾــﻦ ﭘﻤﭗﻫــﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﭘﺘﺮﻭﺷــﯿﻤﯽ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﯼ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﯼ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺍﯾﻦ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﻣﮑﺶ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ :‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﯼ ﮐﺎﺳﻪ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺮﻭﻫﯽ‬

‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﯾﺎ ﭼﺪﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ‬

‫ﮐﻢ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨــﺪ ﭘﻤﭗﻫــﺎﯼ ﺧﻄﯽ ﯾﺎ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻬــﺮﻩ ﻣﯽﺑﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻭ‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺮﻧﺰﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻮﺳﺘﺮﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩﺍﯼ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﻫﺶ‪ .‬ﺍﺯﺍﯾﻦﻣﻨﻈــﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻢﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺍﻭﻟﯿــﻪﯼ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﺨــﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺗﺎﻣﯿــﻦ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾــﻦ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ‪،‬‬

‫ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﮐﺎﺭﺑــﺮﺩ ﭘﻤﭗﻫــﺎﯼ ﺁﺑﯽ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۱۲‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۶‬‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (1‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻋﻤﯿﻖ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (2‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﺁﺏﺭﺳﺎﻧﯽ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (3‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﯼ‬

‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻣﯿﺎﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻑﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﯼ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﻭ‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺧــﺎﺹ ﭘﻤﭗ‪ ،‬ﺑــﻪ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﻣﺤﮑﻢ‬

‫ﻋﺮﺿﻪﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﯾﺎ ﭘﯿﭻ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻮﺷــﻦﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﮐﺎﺳﻪﯼ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﯼ‬

‫ﻏﻼﻑﺩﺍﺭﯼ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﺰﻟﻪﯼ ﻫﺎﺩﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﯼ‬

‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﯼ ﮐﺎﺳﻪ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﮐﺎﺳﻪ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭﯼ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﺷــﻌﺎﻋﯽ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻓﻘﯽ‪،‬‬

‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻣﯽﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻃﯿﻒ ﮐﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭗﻫــﺎﯼ ﺑﺰﺭﮒﺗــﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﺑــﻪ‬

‫ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ؛ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﺩﯼ ﺑﺰﺭﮒﺗﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺡﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﮐﺎﺳﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪﯼ ﻣﮑﺸﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ ﻭ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺁﺭﺍﻡ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪﯼ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ‬

‫ﺑﻪﺩﻟﯿﻞ ﺁﻧﮑــﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧــﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣــﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩﯼ‬

‫ﻫﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﻧﺴــﺒﺘﺎ ﮐﻤﯽ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﻣﺜﺎﺑﻪﯼ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺻــﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﯾﺮ ﻫﺪ ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ‬

‫ﯾﮏ ﭼﺎﻫﮏ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺻﺎﺩﻕ‬

‫ﻣﻌﻤــﻮﻝ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯼ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠــﻪﺍﯼ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳــﺎﯾﺮ ﻃﺮﺡﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺪﻧﻪﯼ ﻣﮑﺶ‬

‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾــﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﻫــﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﮕﯽ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺻﺎﻓﯽ ﻣﮑﺶ ﯾﺎ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﯼ ﻣﮑﺸــﯽ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﺗﺮﯼ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤــﻮﺭﯼ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟــﯽ ﺗﮑﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨــﺪ ﯾﺎ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (4‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﮐﺎﺳﻪ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻭﻗﺘﯽ ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺯﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﯽ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﻣﯽﺑﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﮐﺎﺳﻪﯼ‬ ‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻫﺪﺍﯾــﺖ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﺰﻟﻪﯼ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎ ﮐــﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﮑﺶ‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑــﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﯼ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﯾﺎ ﺑــﻪﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺁﯾﻨﺪﻫــﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ‪ ،‬ﺗﯿﻐﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﯼ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﯼ‪ 4‬ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﮐﺎﺳــﻪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻧﯿﺎﺯﯼ ﺑــﻪ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪﯼ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۱۳‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۶‬‬

‫ﻣﮑﺸﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻓﻀﺎﯼ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﯽ ﻣﻔﯿﺪﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬

‫ﺷــﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺤــﺮﮎ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺁﻥ ﺳــﻮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﻭ ﺧﻂ ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺨﺴﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬

‫ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺘﯽ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ‬

‫ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪﯼ ﺩﻫﺶ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﯼ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺟﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﺍﻧﯿﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻏﻮﻃﻪﻭﺭﯼ‬

‫ﺑﻪﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻣﺎﯾﻌﯽ ﺯﻻﻝ ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪،‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﻫﺎﻧــﻪﯼ ﺍﻓﻘﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯼ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﯼ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺻﺎﻓﯽ ﻣﮑﺶ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻫﺪﺍﯾﺖ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ‬

‫ﺗــﺎ ﯾﮏ ﻧﻘﻄــﻪﯼ ﻣﺸــﺨﺺ ﺭﻭﯼ ﯾﮏ ﺧﻂ‬

‫ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﯼ‬

‫ﮐﺎﺳــﻪﻧﻤﺪ ﯾﺎ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪﯼ ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺷﻔﺖ‬

‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺍﻓﻘﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﺍﯼ ﻏﯿﺮ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻣﯽﮔﺬﺭﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺮﮎ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪،‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻏﻮﻃﻪﻭﺭﯼ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎﺭﺑــﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪﺍﯼ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾــﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽﮐﻪ‬

‫ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪﯼﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﮑﯽ ﯾﺎ ﻓﺸــﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻫــﻮﺍ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮﮐــﺖ ﺩﺭﺁﯾﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺘﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﺍﯼ ﭘﻮﺷﺶﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﺑﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻃــﻮﻝ ﺳــﺘﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻖ ﭘﻤــﭗ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﮐﻨــﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻤــﻮﻻ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪5ft‬‬ ‫ﺗــﺎ ‪ 10ft‬ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﯿﭻﺷﺪﻩ ﯾﺎ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﮐﺎﺳﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪﯼ ﺩﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﯽﮐﻨــﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻮﺷــﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺷــﻔﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮﮐــﺖ ﺩﺭﻣﯽﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻮﭘﻠﯿﻨﮓ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺯﻭﻩﺍﯼ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﯾﮏ ﻣﻬﺮﻩﯼ ﺗﺤﺖ ﮐﺸﺶ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺣﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪﯼ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻭ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﯼ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻟﺠﻦﮐﺶ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﯼ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑــﺮﺩ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻋﻤــﻮﺩﯼ ﺑــﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‬ ‫ﭼﺎﻫﮑــﯽ ﮐــﻪ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺳــﯿﺎﻝ ﺑــﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴــﺘﮕﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺘﺎﺳــﻔﺎﻧﻪ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯼ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﯼ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯼ ﺩﺭﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴــﻪﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻻﻝﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳــﯿﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺷﻔﺖ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ ﯾﺎ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﯼ‬

‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸــﯽ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﻓﻘﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺎ‬

‫ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺳﯿﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﯼ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺷﻔﺖ‬

‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺑﺰﺭﮒﺗﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻣﺸــﮑﻼﺗﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴــﯿﺮ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻣﻬﻤﯽ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﯼ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻘﺸــﻪﯼ ﭼﺎﻫﮏ ﻭ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎ‬

‫ﯾﮏ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﯼ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﯼ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪(6‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﭘﻤــﭗ ﻭ ﺗﻀﻤﯿﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬

‫ﺷﻔﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺍﻥﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﺗﮑﯿﻪﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎ‪،‬‬

‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﮐﺮﺩ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻟﮕﻮ ﭘﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺍﺣــﯽ ﻭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺍﻫﻤﯿﺖ‬

‫ﺑﻪﻭﺳﯿﻠﻪ ﻣﻨﺒﻌﯽ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺏ ﺯﻻﻝ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﯾﺲ‬

‫ﻫﺪ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻫﺪ‬

‫ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﭼﺎﻫﯽ‬

‫ﯾﺎ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﯼ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﯽ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﺍﯼ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺁﺷﻔﺘﮕﯽ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻟﺮﺯﺵ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﯼ‬

‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﯼ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﺑﺴــﺘﻦ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ‬

‫ﺭﻭﯼ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕﺗﺮﯼ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾــﺮ )‪ (7‬ﺍﻣــﮑﺎﻥ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑــﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﯼ ﯾﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﻧﯿﺮﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻗﻄﻊ‬

‫ﺭﺍﻫﮑﺎﺭﻫــﺎﯼ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸــﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺁﺏﺭﺳﺎﻧﯽ‪ ،‬ﻻﺳﺘﯿﮏ‬

‫ﺑــﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﯽﺭﺳــﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﯽ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻘﺸﻪﯼ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺩﻫﺶ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﺷﻮﺍﺭ ﯾﺎ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪﯼ ﺩﻫﺶ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ‬

‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺯﻣﯿﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﮐﻠﯿﺪﯼ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕﺍﻧﺪ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﯾﮏ ﺷﯿﺮ ﮐﻨﺎﺭﮔﺬﺭ ﺧﻮﺩﮐﺎﺭ ﻻﺯﻡ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺁﺏ )ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 1ft‬ﺩﺭ ﺛﺎﻧﯿﻪ(‪،‬‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﻏﯿﺮﺍﯾﻦﺻﻮﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤــﺮﮎ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿــﺖ ﻫﺮ ﭘﻤــﭗ ﺩﺭﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴــﻪﺑﺎ ﺩﯾﮕﺮﯼ‪،‬‬

‫ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﮐﻨﺎﺭﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺩﯾﻮﺍﺭﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﭼﺎﻩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺿﺪﺧــﺮﺍﺵ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻧــﺰ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﯽﮐﻪ ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﯼ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﺁﺏ ﺳــﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻻﺳﺘﯿﮏ ﺿﺪﺧﺮﺍﺵ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺣﺎﻭﯼ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺷﻦ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪﯼ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯼ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﯾﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﺩﺑﯽ‪ ،‬ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ‪ NPSH‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﻧﯿﺰ‬

‫ﺍﯾــﻦ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺴــﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ‬

‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ؛ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﯾــﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺘﯽ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﭘﻤــﭗ ﺩﺍﺭﻧــﺪ ﻭ ﺧــﻮﺩ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﺮ‬

‫ﮐﻢ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ ﭼﺎﻫﮏ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﻧﺪﺭﺕ‬

‫ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪﯼ ﻣﮑﺶ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﯼ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻣﯿﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻣﺸﮑﻞﺳــﺎﺯ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﺍﯾﻦﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬

‫ﮐﻒ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺗــﺎ ﮐﻒ ﭼﺎﻫﮏ ﻣﻌﻤــﻮﻻ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬

‫ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪﯼ ﺩﻫﺶ ﭘﻤﭗ‬

‫ﻏﻮﻃﻪﻭﺭﯼ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ‬

‫ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪﯼ ﻣﮑﺶ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬

‫ﺧﻂ ﺩﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺪﻧﻪﺍﯼ‬

‫ﻣﮑﺶ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻏﻮﻃﻪﻭﺭﯼ‪،‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟــﻪ ﮐﺮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻭ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﻪﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺁﻭﯾﺨﺘﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬

‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ‬

‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﺍﯼ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﮐﺮﺑﻨﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﯽ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۱۴‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۶‬‬

‫ﻫﺪ ﺩﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ ﮐﻞ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﻮﺕ‬

‫‪BEP‬‬

‫ﺩﺑﯽ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ‪gpm‬‬

‫)‪ (5‬ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪﯼ ﺩﻫﺶ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﯼ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (6‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﯼ‬

‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﯼ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾــﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﮐــﺮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺡﻫــﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﭘﻤﭗﻫــﺎ ﻭ ﺗﯿﻐﻪﻫــﺎﯼ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻗــﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‬ ‫ﭼﺎﻫﮏﻫﺎ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﻧﺼﺐ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈــﻮﺭ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ ﺁﺭﺍﻡ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺳــﯿﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪﯼ ﻣﮑﺶ ﻫﺮ ﭘﻤﭗ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺖﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﯾﻮﺍﺭﻩﻫــﺎﯼ ﺟﺪﺍﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﺍﯼ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻫﺮ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺛﺮ ﺁﺑﺸﺎﺭﯼ‪ 5‬ﻣﺎﯾﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﺍﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪﯼ ﻣﮑﺶ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﮑﻞﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺣﺒﺎﺏﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻮﺍ ﯾﺎ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻟﻘﯽ ﺯﯾﺮ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ‬

‫ﮔﺮﺩﺍﺑﯽ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑــﺮﺩ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺯﯾﺎﻥﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (7‬ﻧﻘﺸﻪﯼ ﭼﺎﻫﮏ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﯼ‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯼ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺩﻟﯿــﻞ ﮔﺴــﺘﺮﺩﮔﯽ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﭘﻤﭗ‬

‫ﺍﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺧﺎﺻﯽ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺭﺑﯿﻨــﯽ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﯼ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺡﻫــﺎﯼ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠــﻪ ﻣﻼﺣﻈــﺎﺕ ﻣﻬــﻢ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺩﺳــﺘﺮﺱ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ ﺳﻮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿــﺖ ﺍﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎﻥ ﻭ ﮐﺎﺭﮐــﺮﺩ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﻭ‬

‫ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﺳــﻄﺢ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑﭘﺬﯾﺮﯼ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﻩ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ ﻣﻔﯿﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ‬

‫ﻓﺮﺁﯾﻨﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﯾﯽ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺷﺪﺕﯾﺎﻓﺘﻦ‬

‫ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺴــﺌﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﺳﺮﭼﺸﻤﻪ‬

‫ﻧﮕﺮﺍﻧﯽﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﯿﻨﻪﯼ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﯾﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ‬

‫ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺷﻔﺖ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﯼ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﺟــﻪ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾــﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﯿــﺖ‪،‬‬

‫ﻭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﯼ ﮐﺎﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻢﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﻭ‬

‫ﺍﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ ﭘﻤــﭗ ﺑﺎ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﯼ‬

‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﯼ ﺧﻮﺩ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﺯﯼ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﺑﺎﺷــﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺳﺖﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺪﻑ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻪﺩﺍﺭﯼ ﯾﮏ ﭘﻤﭗ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﻧﯿﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﯽﻧﻮﺷﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫‪1. Vertical Turbine Pumps‬‬ ‫‪2. Vertical Diffuser Pumps‬‬ ‫‪3. Hollow Shaft Motor‬‬ ‫‪4. Axial Diffuser Vanes‬‬ ‫‪5. Cascading Effect‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۱۵‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۶‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻰ ﻭ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪HVAC troubleshooting guide, c2009 :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻧﺸﺮ ﯾﺰﺩﺍ‬

‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺗــﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﯼ ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﮊﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻮﺋــﻮﺭ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻟــﯽ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯼ‬

‫ﺿﻌﯿﻒ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ ﺑــﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﮐﻠــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ‬

‫ﻣﺨﻠــﻮﻁ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻣﺎﯾﻌﺎﺕ ﯾﺎ‬

‫ﺩﯼﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮏ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﯼ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﺷﺘﻌﺎﻝﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬

‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺍﺷﺘﻌﺎﻝ‬

‫ﻭ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻗﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺟﻮﺵ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬

‫ﻫﯿﭻﯾــﮏ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬

‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ ﺣﺎﻭﯼ ﻫﺎﻟﻮﮊﻥﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘــﺎﻥ‪ (CH4) 1‬ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺍﺷﺘﻌﺎﻝ ﯾﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻕ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻧﯿﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺍﺷﺘﻌﺎﻝﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ‬

‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻟــﯽ ‪ 16‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣــﺎﯼ ‪-258.5°F‬‬ ‫)‪ (-161.4°C‬ﻣﯽﺟﻮﺷــﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺷــﺘﻌﺎﻝﭘﺬﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺴــﺖ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ‪ (CF4) 14‬ﺑﺎ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻟﯽ‬ ‫‪ ،88‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣــﺎﯼ )‪-198.4°F (-128°C‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (3‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻟﯽ ﻭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺟﻮﺵ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺟﻮﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺷﺘﻌﺎﻝﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻟﯽ‬

‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺟﻮﺵ‬

‫ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﮐﻠﺮ ﺗﺸــﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺘﯿﻞ ﮐﻠﺮﺍﯾﺪ‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫)‪ (CH2Cl2‬ﺑــﺎ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻟﯽ ‪ 85‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ‬ ‫)‪ 105.2°F (40.7°C‬ﻣﯽﺟﻮﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ‪ (CCl2F2) 12‬ﺑﺎ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻟﯽ ‪121‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ )‪ -21.6°F (-29.8°C‬ﻣﯽﺟﻮﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟــﯽ ﺑﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺟﻮﺵ‪ ،‬ﭼﺴــﺒﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ ﺳﻄﺤﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺟﻮﺵ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻃﯿﻒ ﻭﺳﯿﻌﯽ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (3‬ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻟﯽ ﺑــﺎﻻﯼ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ‬

‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻟﯽ‬

‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺟﻮﺵ‬

‫ﺳــﺒﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻘــﺪﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯼ ﻭﯾــﮋﻩ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ ﮔﺮﻣــﺎﯼ ﻧﻬﺎﻥ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ ﻣﯽﮔــﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺧــﻮﺍﺹ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺩﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﯿﻞ ﺁﻧﺘﺎﻟﭙﯽ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺁﻧﺘﺮﻭﭘﯽ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﯽ ﻭ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﻭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﯽﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺪﺍﯾــﺖ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑــﯽ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒــﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ‬

‫ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ‪152aa‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۱۶‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۶‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﯾﺦﺯﺩﮔﯽ ﭘﻮﺳــﺖ ﻭ ﺳــﺮﻣﺎﺯﺩﮔﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ‬

‫ﻣﯽﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﮑﺶﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺳﻤﯿﺖ‬

‫ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖﮐﺶ ﻭ‬

‫ﻻﺳﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﯾﺎ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ‬

‫ﻭﺍﮊﻩ ﺳــﻤﯿﺖ ﺑــﻪ ﻣﻔﻬــﻮﻡ ﺳــﻤﯽ ﯾﺎ‬

‫ﻟﺒﺎﺱﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺑﺪﻥ‬

‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿــﺮﯼ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﭘﺎﺷــﺶ‬

‫ﻣﺴــﻤﻮﻡﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﯾﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬

‫ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﭼﺸﻢﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬

‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪﻥ‬

‫ﻭﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫــﺎﯼ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒــﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺋــﻮﻥ ﺣــﺎﻭﯼ‬

‫ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺳــﺮﻣﺎﺯﺩﮔﯽ‬

‫ﭼﺸﻢﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬

‫ﻓﻠﻮﺋﻮﺭﻭﮐﺮﺑﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳــﻤﯿﺖ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺷــﺮﺍﯾﻂ‬

‫ﭘﻮﺳــﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺶ ﺁﺳــﯿﺐ ﺩﯾﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬

‫ﺳﻮﺯﺵ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺳــﭙﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺣﺘﻤﺎ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻃﺒﯿﻌــﯽ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻــﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ‬

‫ﺗﺎ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺑﺪﻥ ﮔﺮﻡ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ ﻭ ﭼﺸﻢﻫﺎ‬

‫ﭘﺰﺷﮏ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﯿــﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﻭ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝﻧﺸــﺪﻩ ﺍﯾــﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺏ ﺷﺴﺘﺸــﻮ ﺩﻫﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﻤﻮﻣﯿﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺩﻫﺎﻥ‬

‫ﯾﺎ ﺳــﻮ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻋﻤﺪﯼ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺸﺎﻕ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺳــﺖﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺯﯾﺮ ﺑﻐﻞ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺷــﺖ‬

‫ﻣﺴــﻤﻮﻣﯿﺖ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﯽ ﺣﺎﺻــﻞ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮑﺒﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻫــﺎﯼ ﻏﻠﯿﻆ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺁﺳــﯿﺐ ﺟﺪﯼ ﻭ‬

‫ﻭ ﯾــﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏﮔــﺮﻡ ﻓﺮﻭ ﺑــﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﯾــﺪ ﻓﻮﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻓﻠﻮﺋﻮﺭﻭﮐﺮﺑﻦﻫــﺎ ﻭ ﯾﺎ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻣﮑﺮﺭ‬

‫ﺣﺘﺎ ﻣﺮﮒ ﻭﺟــﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯽ‬

‫ﭘﺰﺷــﮏ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﻠﻮﺋﻮﺭﻭﮐﺮﺑﻦﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫ﻓﻠﻮﺋﻮﺭﻭﮐﺮﺑﻦﻫﺎ‪ 3‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (4‬ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻭ ﻃﻮﻻﻧــﯽ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺍﯾــﻦ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒــﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺪﮎ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺟﻮﺵ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﺰﺭﮒﺗﺮ ﯾﺎ ﻣﺴــﺎﻭﯼ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﻓﻠﻮﺋﻮﺭﻭﮐﺮﺑﻦ‬

‫ﺩﻣــﺎﯼ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ ،‬ﭼﺮﺑﯽﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ‬

‫ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺷــﺶ ﺳــﺒﺐ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺫﺍﺕﺍﻟﺮﯾﻪ‬

‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺭﻭﯼ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺑﺪﻥ‬

‫ﭘﻮﺳــﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻭﯾﮋﻩ‬

‫ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎﺏ ﺭﯾﻪ ﻭ ﺧﻮﻧﺮﯾﺰﯼ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻠﻮﺋﻮﺭﻭﮐﺮﺑﻦﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺟﻮﺵ‬

‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻭ ﻣﮑﺮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﻓﻠﻮﺋﻮﺭﻭﮐﺮﺑﻦﻫــﺎﯼ ‪ 11‬ﻭ ‪ 13‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨــﺪ‬

‫ﮐﻤﺘــﺮ ﺍﺯ )‪ 32°F (0°C‬ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨــﺪ ﺳــﺒﺐ‬

‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺳﺒﺐ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﻭ ﺳﻮﺯﺵ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺗﻘﻄﯿﺮ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺧﺎﻡ‪،‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (4‬ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﻩ ﻓﻠﻮﺋﻮﺭﻭﮐﺮﺑﻦﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺍﯾﻂ‬

‫ﺧﻄﺮ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯽ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬

‫ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻌﻠﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺸﺎﻕ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳﻤﯽ‬ ‫ﯾﺎ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺩﺍﻍ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳﻤﯽ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻫﺸﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻫــﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺗﺎ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ ﺳــﻨﮕﯿﻦﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺸﺎﻕ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻏﻠﯿﻆ‪ ،‬ﮐﺸﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﻆ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﻓﻀﺎﯼ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻧﺎﺩﺭﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻫﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻨﻔﺲ ﺷﺨﺼﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺫﺧﯿﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻃﻨﺎﺏ ﻧﺠﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺸــﺎﻕ ﻋﻤﺪﯼ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺟﻬــﺖ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﮐﺸﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺨﺺ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﺩﺭﻧﺎﻟﯿﻦ ﻭ ﯾﺎ ﺳــﺎﯾﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺸــﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﮑﻨﯿﺪ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻠﻮﺋﻮﺭﻭﮐﺮﺑﻦﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﺳــﺒﺐ ﺳﻮﺯﺵ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺧﺸﮏ ﻭ ﺣﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﭼﺮﺑﯽ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖﮐﺶ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ‬

‫ﻣﺎﯾﻌﺎﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺟﻮﺵ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺗﺮﯼ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﺯﺩﮔﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺭﻭﯼ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺑﭙﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖﮐﺶ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ‬

‫ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻣﺎﯾﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺸــﻢ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻣﺎﯾﻌﺎﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺟﻮﺵ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺗﺮﯼ ﭼﺸﻤﻪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﯿﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﭘﺰﺷﮏ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﭙﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳــﺒﺐ ﺳــﺮﻣﺎﺯﺩﮔﯽ ﺷــﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺎﯾﻌﺎﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺩﻗﯿﻘﻪ ﭼﺸﻢﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺏ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﺸﻮﯾﯿﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺟﻮﺵ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯼ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺒﺐ ﺳﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻮﻗﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺁﺳﯿﺐ ﺟﺪﯼ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺕ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬

‫ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ ﺷﺪﯾﺪﯼ ﺭﺥ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﭘﯿﺸــﻨﻬﺎﺩﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺣﺘﯿﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺭﺍ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۱۷‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۶‬‬

‫ﺣﻼﻝ ﭼﺮﺑﯽ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﯽ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﺳــﯿﺐ ﻗﻠﺒﯽ ﻣﯽﮐﺎﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑــﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﯾﮏ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﻧﻤﮑﯽ ﮐﻢ ﺩﻣﺎ‬

‫ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ‬

‫ﺷﺨﺺ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻓﻮﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺰﺷﮏ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﺪ ﻭ‬

‫ﮔﺮﺩﯾﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣــﺎﻭﯼ ﻓﻠﻮﺋﻮﺭﻭﮐﺮﺑﻦﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃــﻮﺭ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﯽ‬

‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺍﻭﺍﯼ ﺷﺨﺼﯽ‬

‫»ﻓﺮﺋــﻮﻥ ‪ «(CCl2F2) 12‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬

‫ﯾــﺎ ﻋﻤــﺪﯼ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﻫﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌــﺮﺽ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻠﻮﺋﻮﺭﻭﮐﺮﺑﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬

‫ﺫﻭﺏ ‪ -216°F‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﯾﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻣﺼﺮﻑﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬

‫ﻣﯽﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺷــﺨﺺ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﻡ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺮﺍﻍ ﮐﻨﺪ‬

‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻧﺒﺎﯾﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺩﺭﻧﺎﻟﯿﻦ )ﺍﭘﯿﻨﻔﺮﯾﻦ(‬

‫ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺪ‬

‫)ﺍﯾﻦ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﭘﺰﺷــﮑﯽ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ(‪ .‬ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻭ ﯾﺎ ﺳــﺎﯾﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺤﺮﮎ ﻗﻠﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺧﺎﻧﮕﯽ ﻭ ﺗﺠــﺎﺭﯼ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣــﯽﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ‬

‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺪﻭﻡ ﺭﺍ ﻭﺍﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺮﺍﻍ‬

‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﺯﯾﺮﺍ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻫﺎ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺿﺮﺑﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﻈﻢ‬

‫‪ 12‬ﺩﺭ ﯾﺨﭽﺎﻝﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻧﮕﻪﺩﺍﺭﯼ‬

‫ﻧﮑﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﻠﺐ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻏﺬﺍﻫــﺎﯼ ﯾــﺦﺯﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺁﺏﺳــﺮﺩﮐﻦﻫﺎ‪،‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺼﺒﯽ ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼ )‪(CNS‬‬

‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ‬

‫ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭ ﺳــﺎﯾﺮ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺸﺎﻕ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻏﻠﯿﻆ ﻓﻠﻮﺋﻮﺭﻭﮐﺮﺑﻦ‬

‫ﻓﻠﻮﺋﻮﺭﻭﮐﺮﺑﻦﻫﺎ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧــﺪ ﺑــﺮ ‪ CNS‬ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﮕــﺬﺍﺭﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺑــﺎﻻ ﻗــﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧــﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺑﯿﻬﻮﺷﯽ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨــﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜــﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺷــﻌﻠﻪ ﻭ ﮔﺮﻡﮐﻦﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ ﻧﺸــﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‪،‬ﺍﺣﺴــﺎﺱ ﻟﺨﺘﯽ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺑﺪﻥ ﻭ‬

‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻫــﺎﯼ ﻓﻠﻮﺋﻮﺭﻭﮐﺮﺑﻦ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ‬

‫ﺑﯽﻫﻮﺷــﯽ ﺭﺥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﻭﺧﯿﻢ‬

‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗــﯽ ﻓﻠﻮﺋﻮﺭﻭﮐﺮﺑﻦﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﺎﻟﻮﮊﻥﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻣــﺮﮒ ﻣﻨﺠــﺮ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﻭ ﺍﺳــﯿﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﺎﻟﻮﮊﻧــﻪ )ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﮐﻠﺮﯾــﮏ ‪،‬‬

‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﯾﺪ‪ ،‬ﺷﺨﺺ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻓﻮﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﻓﻠﻮﺭﯾــﮏ ﻭ ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭﻣﯿــﮏ ( ﻭ‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿــﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﺸــﺎﺑﻪ ﻣــﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺴﺘﻮﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﮐﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ ‪ 800hp‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺩﺭ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﮐﻮﭼــﮏ ﻧﯿــﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ‪ 12‬ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ )ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ‪.(2‬‬ ‫»ﻓﺮﺋــﻮﻥ ‪ «(CClF3) 13‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬ ‫ﺟــﻮﺵ )‪ -114.6°F (-81.4°C‬ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﯿﺴﺘﻮﻧﯽ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤــﻞ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷــﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﺗﻨﻔﺲ‬

‫ﺳــﺎﯾﺮ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﻀﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﮐﻨــﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﺳــﺮﯾﻊ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺰﺷــﮏ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﯽ‬

‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭ ﺳــﻤﯽﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻠﻮﺋﻮﺭﻭﮐﺮﺑﻦ‬

‫ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ‪ 22 ،12‬ﯾﺎ ‪ 522‬ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺍﻭﺍﯼ ﺍﺷﺨﺎﺻﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ‬

‫ﻣﺎﺩﺭ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺳﻮﺯﺵ ﺑﯿﻨﯽ‪ ،‬ﭼﺸﻢ‬

‫ﻭﯾﮋﻩ ﮐﻢ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻠﻮﺋﻮﺭﻭﮐﺮﺑﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ ﻧﺒﺎﯾﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺩﺭﻧﺎﻟﯿﻦ‬

‫ﻭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﺴﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﻣﺬﮐﻮﺭ‬

‫»ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ‪ «(CHClF2) 22‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬

‫)ﺍﭘﯿﻨﻔﺮﯾﻦ(‪ 4‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟــﻮﺵ )‪ -41.4°F (-40.8°C‬ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ‬

‫ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻣﻀﺮ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﯿﺴﺘﻮﻧﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻭ‬

‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤــﻞ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ‬

‫ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺪ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﯽ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﯼ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺸﮑﻞﺳﺎﺯ ﺭﻓﻊ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﯽﮔﯿــﺮﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻄﻠــﻮﺏ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺩﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ‬

‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺖ ﻗﻠﺒﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻏﻠﯿﻆ ﻓﻠﻮﺋﻮﺭﻭﮐﺮﺑﻦ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺳــﺒﺐ ﺣﺴﺎﺳــﯿﺖ ﻗﻠﺒﯽ ﺷــﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺪﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﯿــﺐ‪ ،‬ﻗﻠﺐ ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ﺑــﻪ ﺁﺩﺭﻧﺎﻟﯿﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﻟﯽ ﻏﻠﯿﻆ‪،‬‬

‫ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﻫﺮ ﯾــﮏ ﺍﺯ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫــﺎﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ‬

‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺖ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﯽ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﯼ ﻭ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﻭﯾﮋﻩ‬

‫ﺍﺛﺮ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺖ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ‬

‫ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﺎﺻﯽ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺁﺩﺭﻧﺎﻟﯿﻦ ﺑﺪﻥ‪،‬ﺿﺮﺑﺎﻥ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺁﺷﻨﺎ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﯾﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﯾــﻦ ﻋﺎﺭﺿﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺍﺳــﺘﺮﺱ ﺭﻭﺣﯽ ﯾﺎ‬

‫»ﻓﺮﺋــﻮﻥ ‪ «(CCl3F) 11‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬

‫ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ‪ 22‬ﺳﺒﺐ ﻣﯽﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﮐﻮﭼﮏﺗﺮ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺰ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺣﺎﯾﺰ ﺍﻫﻤﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ‪.(3‬‬ ‫»ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ‪ «(CCl2FCClF2) 113‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺟﻮﺵ )‪ 117.6°F (47.6°C‬ﺍﺳــﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﯼ ﻭ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ‬

‫ﺟﺴــﻤﯽ‪ ،‬ﺑﯿﻢ ﻭ ﻫﺮﺍﺱ ﻭ ﻏﯿﺮﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟــﻮﺵ )‪ -74.9°F (23.8°C‬ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ‬

‫ﺿﺮﺑﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﻈــﻢ ﻗﻠﺐ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧــﺪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻋﻤﺪﺗــﺎ ﺩﺭ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺳــﺎﻧﺘﺮﯾﻔﯿﻮﮊ ﻭ‬

‫ﻭ ﻓﺮﺁﯾﻨــﺪ ﺧﻨﮏﺳــﺎﺯﯼ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺷــﮑﻤﯽ ﻭ ﻣﺮﮒ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾــﻪ ﻣﻄﺒــﻮﻉ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﻭ‬

‫ﻧﻤﮑﯽ ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﺮﯾﻔﯿﻮﮊ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺷــﺨﺺ ﻣﺼﺪﻭﻡ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻓــﻮﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‬

‫ﺧﺎﻧﮕﯽ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﯽ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ‪ 113‬ﺑﻪ ﻭﯾﮋﻩ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﺗﻨﻔﺲ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ‬

‫ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺳــﺒﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻢ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﺳﻮﺩﻣﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۱۸‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۶‬‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (2‬ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺧﺮﯾﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (3‬ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ‪ 22‬ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻇﺮﻑﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﻗﻮﻃﯽﻫﺎﯼ ‪ 2 ،1‬ﻭ ‪15‬‬ ‫ﭘﻮﻧﺪﯼ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﻣﯽﺭﺳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫»ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ‪ «(CClF2CClF2) 114‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣــﺎﯼ )‪-28.3°F (-33.5°C‬‬

‫ﯾﺨﺪﺍﻥﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺟﻬﺖ‬

‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺟﻮﺵ )‪ 38.8°F (3.8°C‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺟﻮﺷــﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ‪ 500‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﻭ ﺫﺧﯿﺮﻩﺳــﺎﺯﯼ ﻣــﻮﺍﺩ ﻏﺬﺍﯾﯽ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ‬

‫ﺧﺎﻧﮕــﯽ ﻭ ﺗﺠــﺎﺭﯼ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺠﻬﯿــﺰﺍﺕ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯼ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﮐــﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳــﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ‬

‫ﻭﻣﺘﻮﺳــﻂ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ‪ 114‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫»ﻓﺮﺋــﻮﻥ ‪ «503‬ﻧﯿــﺰ ﯾــﮏ ﻣﺨﻠــﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺠﻮﺵ ﺣﺎﻭﯼ ‪ CHF3‬ﻭ ‪ CClF3‬ﺍﺳــﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺳــﺎﻧﺘﺮﯾﻔﯿﻮﮊ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﯼ‬

‫»ﻓﺮﺋــﻮﻥ ‪ «502‬ﻧﯿــﺰ ﯾــﮏ ﻣﺨﻠــﻮﻁ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻭﺯﻧﯽ ‪ CH3‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ‪40 ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺧﻨﮏﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﻓﺮﺁﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﻋﻈﯿﻢ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﻭ‬

‫ﻫﻤﺠﻮﺵ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺣــﺎﻭﯼ ‪48.8‬‬

‫ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻــﺪ ﻭﺯﻧﯽ ‪60 ،CClF3‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻭﺯﻧﯽ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ‪ 22‬ﻭ ‪ 51.2‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻭﺯﻧﯽ‬

‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺟــﻮﺵ ﺍﯾــﻦ ﻣﺨﻠــﻮﻁ ‪-127.6°F‬‬

‫»ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ‪ «(CCl2F2) 500‬ﯾﮏ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ‬

‫ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ‪ 112‬ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ‪-49.72°F‬‬

‫)‪ (-88.7°C‬ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﯾــﻦ ﻣــﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ‬

‫)‪ (-45.4°C‬ﻣﯽﺟﻮﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻢ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻤﺠﻮﺵ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺠﻮﺵ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﻭﯼ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬

‫ﺗــﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﺒﺮﯾــﺪ ﻓﺮﺋــﻮﻥ ‪ 502‬ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮ‬

‫»ﻓﺮﺋــﻮﻥ ‪ «BB1، CBrF3‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣــﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﯾﮏ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺟﻮﺵ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ ﯾﮏ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﺋــﻮﻥ ‪ 22‬ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺑــﻪ ﺍﺧﺘــﻼﻑ‬

‫)‪ -72°F (-57.8°C‬ﻣﯽﺟﻮﺷــﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ‪ CH3CHF2‬ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬

‫ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﻧﺴــﺒﯽ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥﻫــﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺼﻮﯾــﺮ )‪(4‬‬

‫ﺩﻣﺎﯾــﯽ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ‪ 502‬ﻭ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ‬

‫ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺣﺎﻭﯼ ‪ 73.8‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ‬

‫‪ B‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ (CCl2F2) 12‬ﻭ ‪ 26.2‬ﺩﺭﺻــﺪ ‪CH3CHF2‬‬

‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ‪ 12‬ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾــﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻮﻕ‪ ،‬ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۱۹‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۶‬‬

‫● ﺍﻧﯿﮑﻮﻧﻞ‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﺳــﺪﯾﻢ‪ ،‬ﭘﺘﺎﺳــﯿﻢ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭﯾــﻢ ﻓﻠﺰﯼ ﺑﻪ‬

‫● ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﺯﻧﮓﺯﻥ‬

‫ﺷــﺪﺕ ﻭﺍﮐﻨﺶ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﻨــﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﮐﻨﺶﭘﺬﯾﺮﯼ‬

‫● ﻧﯿﮑﻞ‬

‫ﻣــﻮﺍﺩ ﺭﯾﺰﺩﺍﻧــﻪ ﯾﺎ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﯼ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭ ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮ‬

‫● ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ‪1340‬‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻨﯿﺰﯾﻢ‬

‫● ﺁﻟﻮﻣﯿﻨﯿﻢ‬

‫ﻭ ﺁﻟﻮﻣﯿﻨﯿــﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻫــﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑــﺎ ﻓﻠﻮﺋﻮﺭ ﻭ‬

‫● ﻣﺲ‬

‫ﮐﺮﺑﻦﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﮐﻨﺶ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣــﻮﺍﺩ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻧﺒﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑــﺎ ﻓﻠﻮﺋﻮﺭﻭﮐﺮﺑﻦﻫﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ ﻭ‬

‫● ﺑﺮﻧﺰ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻏﯿﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﺷــﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻗﺖ‬

‫● ﺑﺮﻧﺞ‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫● ﻧﻘﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (4‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ‪ R-12، R-22‬ﻭ‬ ‫‪.R502‬‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﯿــﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﮐﻠــﺮ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳــﺖ ﻓﻮﻕ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ﻭ ﯾﺎ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺷــﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﯼ ﻭﯾﮋﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑــﺮ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺯﯾﺴــﺖ‪ ،‬ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﯼ‬

‫ﺁﻟﯿﺎﮊﻫــﺎﯼ ﻣﻨﯿﺰﯾــﻢ ﻭ ﺁﻟﻮﻣﯿﻨﯿــﻢ ﮐــﻪ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ‪،‬‬

‫ﺣﺎﻭﯼ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ 2‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻨﯿﺰﯾﻢ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ‪،‬‬

‫ﻣﻤﻨــﻮﻉ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬــﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬

‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺣﺎﻭﯼ‬

‫ﻧﻤﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺳــﺎﯾﺮ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪﺭﯾﺞ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬

‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻧﻤﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ‬

‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻥ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫»ﻭﺍﮐﻨﺶ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ«‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺕ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﯼ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﭼﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻧﺞ‪ ،‬ﻣﺲ‪ ،‬ﻗﻠﻊ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﺏ ﻭ ﺁﻟﻮﻣﯿﻨﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗــﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﯽ ﺑــﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺷــﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺑــﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ‪ 113‬ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻧﻤﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ ﻫﯿﭻﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﮐﻨﺸــﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺭﻭﯼ ﻭ ﺳــﺎﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ﺭﺥ ﻧﻤﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎ ﻧﯿــﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤــﺮﺍﻩ ﺭﻭﯼ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﮐﻨﺶﭘﺬﯾﺮﯼ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺰ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳــﺎﯾﺮ ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﺍ‬

‫ﭘﻼﺳﺘﯿﮏﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ‪ ،‬ﺍﺛــﺮ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳــﯽ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘــﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺼﺎﺭﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﯾﮋﻩ‪ ،‬ﺳــﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﯼ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﭘﻠﯽﻣﺮﯼ ﻭ‬ ‫‪11‬‬

‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻟﯽ‪ ،‬ﻧﺮﻡﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﻣﺎ ﻭ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺳــﺒﺐ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﭘﻼﺳــﺘﯿﮏ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ﻣﯽﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫»ﺗﻔﻠﻮﻥ ‪ - TFE‬ﺭﺯﯾﻦ ﻓﻠﻮﺋﻮﺭﻭﮐﺮﺑﻦ«‪:12‬‬ ‫ﺍﯾــﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻏﻮﻃﻪﻭﺭﯼ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﯾﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺩ ﻧﻤﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ‪ 12‬ﻭ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ‬ ‫‪ 22‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﻠﯽﮐﻠﺮﻭﻓﻠﻮﺋﻮﺭﻭﺍﺗﯿﻠـﻦ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬

‫ﺩﭼــﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺩﮐﺮﺩﮔﯽ ﺟﺰﯾﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ‬

‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻓﻠﺰ ﺑــﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬

‫ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﮕﺮ ﺍﯾﻦﮐﻪ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾﺶﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﻠـﯽ ﻭﯾﻨﯿـﻞ ﺍﻟـﮑﻞ‪ :14‬ﺗﺤــﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿــﺮ‬

‫ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺑﺮﺧــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺕ ﺟﻬﺖ‬

‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﻤﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤــﺮﺍﻩ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒــﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺁﺏ ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭ ﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎ‬

‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ‬

‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥﻫــﺎﯼ ﻃﻮﻻﻧــﯽ ﻭ ﯾﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺷــﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﻏﯿﺮ‬

‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎﻥ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺧﺎﺭﺟﯽ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳــﺘﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻓﻠــﺰﺍﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﺣﻼﻝﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫ﻭﯾﻨﯿﻞ‪ :15‬ﺑﺮﺣﺴــﺐ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭﯾﻨﯿﻞ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺴﺮﯾﻊ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻧﯽ ﺷﺴﺘﺸــﻮ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺍﯾــﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﭘﻼﺳــﺘﯿﮏ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﯾﺪﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺎﻣﯽ ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺗﯽ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺘﻮﺳــﻂ‬

‫ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻭﯾﻨﯿﻞﻫﺎ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪،‬‬

‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨــﻮﺍﻥ ﮐﺎﺗﺎﻟﯿﺰﻭﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺳــﺒﺐ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﯼ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ‬

‫ﺍﻏﻠــﺐ ﻫﺎﻟﻮﮐﺮﺑﻦﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣــﻮﺍﺩ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯽ‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ‪ ،‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۲۰‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۶‬‬

‫ﺍﻭﺭﻟـﻮﻥ ﺍﮐﺮﯾﻠﯿـﮏ‪ :16‬ﻣﻌﻤــﻮﻻ ﺟﻬﺖ‬

‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺯﯾﻦﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ‬

‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ‪R-22 ،R-12 ،R-11‬‬

‫ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺁﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎﮎ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫــﺎﯼ ﻓﺮﺋــﻮﻥ ‪R-22 ،R-12 ،R-11‬‬

‫ﻧﺎﯾﻠـﻮﻥ‪ :17‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺟﻬــﺖ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺭﺯﯾﻦﻫـﺎﯼ ﺍﭘﻮﮐﺴـﯽ‪ :22‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠــﻪ ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫــﺎﯼ ﭘﺮﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻣﺎ‬

‫ﺣﻼﻝﻫــﺎﯼ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺟﻬــﺖ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺁﻣﻮﻧﯿــﺎﮎ ﻋﺪﺩ ‪ R-717‬ﻭ ﺑــﻪ ﺁﺏ ﻋﺪﺩ‬

‫ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ R-718‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻮﺍ ﯾﺎ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺷــﮑﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ :‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬

‫ﻧﯿﺘـﺮﺍﺕ ﯾﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﺕ ﺳـﻠﻮﻟﺰ ‪ :‬ﺟﻬﺖ‬

‫ﺭﻭﯼ ﻓﺮﺋــﻮﻥ ‪ 12‬ﻭ ﻓﺮﺋــﻮﻥ ‪ 22‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣــﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ‬

‫)‪ 250°F (121°C‬ﻧﺸــﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺁﺏ ﯾﺎ ﺍﻟﮑﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﻀﺮ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﻠـﯽ ﺍﺗﯿﻠﻦ‪ :‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺼــﺮﻑ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫ﺭﺯﯾـﻦ ﺩﻟﺮﯾـﻦ ‪ -‬ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻏﻠــﺐ‬ ‫‪24‬‬

‫ﺷــﺮﺍﯾﻂ‪ ،‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺗــﺎﻕ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘــﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻮﻣﺮﻫﺎ ‪ :‬ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ‬

‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣــﺎﺩﻩ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﻻﺳــﺘﻮﻣﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﺸــﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ‬

‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﺍﺕ ﺑــﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻻﺳــﺘﻮﻣﺮ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺴــﺘﮕﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺣﻀﻮﺭ‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫ﺭﺯﯾﻦ ﻟﻮﺳـﯿﺖ ﺍﮐﺮﯾﻠﯿـﮏ )ﭘﻠﯽﻣﺮﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺳــﺎﯾﺮ ﻣــﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﯿﻞ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺳــﺒﺐ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬

‫ﻣﺘﺎﮐﺮﯾﻼﺕ(‪ :18‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ‪ 22‬ﺣﻞ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻏﯿﺮﻣﻨﺘﻈﺮﻩﺍﯼ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﯾــﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺼــﺮﻑ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺮﺋــﻮﻥ ‪ 12‬ﻭ ﻓﺮﺋــﻮﻥ ‪ 114‬ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥﻫــﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﮐﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﮎ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﮐﺪﺭ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ‪ 113‬ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻧﻤﯽﺷــﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ‪ 11‬ﻧﯿﺰ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﺯﯾـﻦ‬

‫ﻟﻮﺳـﯿﺖ‬

‫ﺍﮐﺮﯾﻠﯿـﮏ‬

‫ﺭﯾﺨﺘﻪﮔﺮﯼﺷـﺪﻩ‪ :19‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺣﻼﻝﻫﺎ ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭ ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺯﯾﻦﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺭﺩ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﻠﯽ ﺍﺳـﺘﯿﺮﻥ‪ :20‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫــﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﺸــﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﮐﻠﯽ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒــﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﻧﯿﺴــﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ‪ 114‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﺯﯾﻦﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻨﻮﻝ‪ :21‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒــﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ﻗــﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﻤﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧــﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﯾــﮏ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨــﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭ ﺣﺎﯾــﺰ ﺍﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﮐﻤﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﺳــﺘﺤﮑﺎﻡ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﻧﮕﻪﺩﺍﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺳــﺎﻝ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺣﺪﺍﻻﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻭ ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻧﺰﺩﯾﮏ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮ‬ ‫)‪ (14.7psi‬ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺳــﺒﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻤــﺎﻝ ﯾﮏ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑــﻪ ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﯽﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻢ ﻣﯿﺘﻮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮﯼ‬

‫ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴــﺐ ﺧﻮﺍﺻــﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‬

‫ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺧﻼ ﯾﺎ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‪ ،‬ﻧﺸــﺘﯽ‬

‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ‬

‫ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺟﺬﺏ ﻫﻮﺍ ﯾﺎ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (5‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺩﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﺠﻢ‪ ،‬ﭼﮕﺎﻟﯽ ﻭ ﺁﻧﺘﺎﻟﭙﯽ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺍﺷﺘﻌﺎﻝﭘﺬﯾﺮﯼ‪،‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺷــﺪﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﮐﻨﺶ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ‪ R-11‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮ‪ ،‬ﺳﻤﯽ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻭﺵ‬

‫ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﺯﯾﺮﺍ ﻋﻠﯽﺭﻏﻢ ﺍﯾﻦﮐﻪ‬

‫ﻧﯿﺰ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺣﺎﯾﺰ ﺍﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭﯼ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ‬

‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭﻭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈــﻮﺭ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺧــﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﻭ‬

‫ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (5‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ )‪ (psig‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ‪5°F‬‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﺶ )‪ (psig‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ‬ ‫‪86°F‬‬

‫‪R-11‬‬ ‫‪R-12‬‬ ‫‪R-22‬‬ ‫‪R-717‬‬ ‫‪R-718‬‬

‫‪24.0 in.Hg‬‬ ‫‪11.8‬‬ ‫‪28.3‬‬ ‫‪19.6‬‬ ‫‪29.7‬‬

‫‪3.6‬‬ ‫‪93.2‬‬ ‫‪159.8‬‬ ‫‪154.5‬‬ ‫‪28.6‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۲۱‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۶‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ :6‬ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺟﻮﺵ‬

‫ﺩﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺎ ﯾﮑــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﻬــﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬

‫‪ASHRAE‬‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪E‬‬

‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﺮﺩﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺟﻮﺵ‬

‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺳﺮﺩﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬

‫ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺟﻮﺵ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻣﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺎﯾــﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﮐﻤﯿﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ ،(6‬ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‬ ‫‪ R-22‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾــﻦ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺟﻮﺵ ﻭ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬

‫)‪ (R-718‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺩﻣــﺎﯼ ﺟﻮﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮ ‪ 14.7psi‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺟﻮﺵ ﺍﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮﯼ ﺍﯾﺪﻩﺁﻟﯽ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄــﻪ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻭ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺣﺎﯾﺰ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬

‫ﺍﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﻭﯾــﮋﻩ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺸــﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﮐــﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﻌﮑﻮﺱ‬ ‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟﯽ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﮐﻤﯿﺖ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﻮﺕ‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪.1 :7‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﻭﯾﮋﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ‪5°F‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺩﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ‬ ‫)‪(ft3/lb‬‬

‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬ ‫)‪(ft3/lb‬‬

‫ﻣﮑﻌﺐ ﺑﺮ ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﯿﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﻭﯾﮋﻩ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻮﺕ ﻣﮑﻌﺐ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛــﺮ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ ‪ 1 lb‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﮐﻤﯿﺖ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﯼ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﯾﺰ ﺍﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻭﯾﮋﻩ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻕ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ )‪ 5°F (-15°C‬ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪.1 :8‬ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ‪86°F‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺩﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ‬

‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﻭﯾﮋﻩ ﻓﺮﺋﻮﻥ ‪ R-12‬ﻭ ‪ R-22‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺎﺯﯼ‪ ،‬ﻣﯿﻨﯿﻤﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻋﺒــﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﻡ ﯾــﺎ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣــﺪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﭼﮕﺎﻟــﯽ ﻣﺒﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻮﺕ ﻣﮑﻌﺐ ﺑﯿﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ ،(8‬ﭼﮕﺎﻟﯽ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ‪ R-11‬ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻭ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﯽ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﯽﻧﻮﺷﺖ‪:‬‬

‫‪1. Methane‬‬ ‫‪2. Methylene chloride‬‬ ‫‪3. Fluorocarbons‬‬

‫‪4. Epinephrine‬‬ ‫‪5. Hydrochloric‬‬ ‫‪6. Hydrofluoric‬‬ ‫‪7. Hydrobromic‬‬ ‫‪8. Inconel‬‬ ‫‪9. Brass‬‬ ‫‪10. Halocarbones‬‬ ‫‪11. Polymer structure‬‬ ‫‪12. Teflon TFE-fluorocarbon resin‬‬ ‫‪13. Polychlorotrifluoroethylene‬‬ ‫‪14. Polyvinyl alcohol‬‬ ‫‪15.Vinyl‬‬ ‫‪16. Orlon acrylic fiber‬‬

‫‪17. Nylon‬‬ ‫‪18. Lucite acrylic resin (methacrylate‬‬ ‫)‪polymers‬‬ ‫‪19. Cast lucite acrylic resin‬‬ ‫‪20. Polystyrene‬‬ ‫‪21. Phenolic resins‬‬ ‫‪22. Epoxy resins‬‬ ‫‪23. Cellulose-acetal resin‬‬ ‫‪24. Delrin-acetal resin‬‬ ‫‪25. Elastomers‬‬ ‫‪26. Anthalpy‬‬

‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ‪...‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۲۲‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۶‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﺁﺏ ﻛﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪HVAC water chillers and cooling towers :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻧﺸﺮ ﯾﺰﺩﺍ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮﮊﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﯾﺎ ﻟﺠﻦ ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮﮊﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﺭﺳــﻮﺏ ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮﮊﯾﮑــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯼﻫــﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺭﭺ‪ ،‬ﺯﻭﭘﻼﻧﮑﺘﻮﻥﻫــﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﯿﺘﻮﭘﻼﻧﮑﺘﻮﻥﻫﺎ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺒﮏﻫــﺎﯼ ﺁﺏ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﯾــﺎ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﯽﺁﯾﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺘﯽ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﮑﺮﻭﺍﺭﮔﺎﻧﯿﺴﻢﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﺯ ﭘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﮐﺴــﯿﮋﻥ ﺭﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨــﺪ ﻭ ﻟﺠﻨــﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺳــﻄﻮﺡ ﺑﺮﺝ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺳــﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺁﺏ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺭﺳــﻮﺏ ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮﮊﯾﮑﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻮﺟــﻮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﺰﺀ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮﮊﯾﮑــﯽ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﯿﻮﻓﯿﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺳــﻠﻮﻝﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮﻭﺑﯿﺎﯾــﯽ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺼــﻮﻻﺕ ﻓﺮﻋــﯽ ﺁﻧﻬــﺎ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺮﺗــﺮ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺭﺳــﻮﺏ ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮﮊﯾﮑﯽ‬

‫ﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾــﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‪،‬‬

‫ﭼﯿــﺰﯼ ﺟــﺰ ﺗﻤﯿــﺰ ﻧﮕﻪﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻦ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﮐﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ‬

‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ‪.7pm/0‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﺑﺮﺝ)ﻫــﺎ( ﺭﺍ ﺗﺨﻠﯿــﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻤﯿﺰ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ ﻭ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﭼﻨﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬

‫ﺻﺒﺮ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ ﺗﺎ ﮐﺎﻣ ً‬ ‫ﻼ ﺧﺸــﮏ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﭘﺮﺍﮐﻨﺪﻩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﯽ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺧﺸﮏ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﭘﺮ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷــﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻏﯿﺮ ﺍﮐﺴــﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪:‬‬

‫ﺷﺪﻥ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺭﺳــﻮﺏ ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮﮊﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣــﻮﺍﺩ ﺑــﻪ ﺳــﻠﻮﻝﻫﺎ ﺣﻤﻠﻪ ﮐــﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬

‫ﺿــﺪ ﻣﯿﮑﺮﻭﺏ ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺷــﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ّ‬

‫ﻏﺸــﺎﯼ ﺳــﻠﻮﻟﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺑﯿــﻦ ﻣﯽﺑﺮﻧــﺪ؛‬

‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮﻭﺏﮐــﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫــﺎﯼ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﯾﻌﻨــﯽ ﻣﺮﮒ ﺳــﻠﻮﻝ‪ .‬ﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﺑــﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬

‫ﺑــﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺭﺳــﻮﺏ‬

‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮﻭﺏﮐﺶﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺳﻄﺤﯽ ﮔﻮﯾﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮﮊﯾﮑﯽ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ :‬ﺍﮐﺴﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻏﯿﺮ‬

‫ﻧﻮﻋ ًﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﯾﺰﻭﺗﯿﺎﺯﻭﻟﯿﻦﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﮔﻠﻮﺗﺮﺍﺩﯼﻫﯿﺪ‪،‬‬

‫ﺍﮐﺴﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ MBT‬ﻭ ﭘﻠﯽ ﮐﻮﺁﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷــﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺍﮐﺴــﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪:‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬

‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮﻭﺏﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺁﺏ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺷــﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺍﮐﺴﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﮐﻠﺮ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﯾﮏ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺣﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‬

‫ﻭ ﺍﻭﺯﻭﻥ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐــﻪ ﺍﮐﺴــﯿﺪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨــﺪ ﯾﺎ‬

‫ﻭ ﻣﺼﻮﻧﯿﺖ ﭘﯿﺪﺍ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ‬

‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮﮊﯾﮑﯽ ﺩﻭ ﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ ﺷــﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺍﮐﺴﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ‬

‫ﻟﺠــﻦ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﺎﯾﻖ ﻋﻤﻞ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﯽ‬

‫ﻣﯽﭘﺬﯾﺮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷــﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺿﺪ‬

‫ﻏﯿﺮ ﺍﮐﺴﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻭﺏ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺭﺍ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ‬

‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮﻭﺏ ﻣﺴــﺘﻘﯿﻤ ًﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﮑﺮﻭﺏﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻣﺰ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﯿــﺖ ﺗﺼﻔﯿــﻪ ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮﮊﯾﮑﯽ‬

‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮﻭﺑﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧــﺪ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﻭﺍﮐﻨﺶ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﯽ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﯽ ﭘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﮐﺴــﯿﮋﻥ‬

‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ )ﻣﯽﺷﮑﻨﻨﺪ( ﻭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺗﺴﺮﯾﻊ ﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﮐﺴﯿﺪﺍﺳﯿﻮﻥ ﺳﺮﯾﻊ‬

‫ﺁﻧﺰﯾﻢ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻟﺠﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮﮊﯾﮑﯽ‬

‫ﺩﯾﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﯿﮑﯽ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﻝ ‪ 34 ،1976‬ﺷﺮﮐﺖﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻭ ﻏﯿﺮ ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮﮊﯾﮑﯽ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳــﻠﻮﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﺑﺮﻧــﺪ‪) .‬ﺍﺧﻄﺎﺭ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬

‫ﮐﻨﻮﺍﻧﺴــﯿﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺁﻣﺮﯾــﮑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻓﯿﻼﺩﻟﻔﯿﺎ‬

‫ﯾﮏ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮﮊﯾﮑﯽ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺷــﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺍﮐﺴــﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﻭﯾــﮋﻩ ﮐﻠﺮ‪،‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﯼ ﺷــﺒﯿﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﯾﻪ ﻣﺮﺩﻧﺪ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯼ »ﻟﺠﯿﻮﻧﻼ«‬

‫ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑــﺎ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﻭﺍﮐﻨﺶ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪).‬ﺣﺘﯽ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﻣﺸــﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﺯﻧﮓ ﻧﺰﻥ( ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ ﺳــﺮﯾﻊ‬

‫ﺑﻪﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯼ ﻟﺠﯿﻮﻧﻼ ﻣﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺳــﺖ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺟﺰﺍﯼ ﻏﯿﺮ ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮﮊﯾﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻗــﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻏﯿﺮ ﺁﻟﯽ ﻭ ﺁﻟﯽ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻻﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻮﻓﯿﻠﻢ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺿﺪ‬ ‫ﭼﯿﺰﯼ ﺟﺰ ﺣﻔــﻆ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﮐﺎﻓــﯽ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ّ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮﻭﺏ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯼ »ﻟﺠﯿﻮﻧﻼ«‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۲۳‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۶‬‬

‫ﻧﮕﺮﺍﻧﯽﻫــﺎﯼ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﻧﯽ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ‬

‫ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺳــﺮﻓﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺐ ﮐﻢ‪ ،‬ﭘﯿﺸــﺮﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﯾﻊ ﺫﺍﺕﺍﻟﺮﯾﻪ ُﮐﻤﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺮﮒ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻇﺮﻑ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺝﻫــﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻨﺘﺸــﺮ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺁﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ )‪ ، (CDC‬ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﯼ ﻟﺠﯿﻮﻧﻼ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎﻝ‬

‫‪ 3‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 9‬ﺭﻭﺯ ﺭﺥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﮔﻔﺘﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﯼﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫‪ 25000‬ﻧﻔــﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺯﯾﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯼ ﻟﺠﯿﻮﻧﻼ‬

‫‪10‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 15‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﯽﻣﯿﺮﻧﺪ ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ‪3000‬‬

‫ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﺎ ‪ 7000‬ﻧﻔﺮ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﺗﺴﺖ ﻟﺠﯿﻮﻧﻼ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻟﺠﯿﻮﻧــﻼ ﯾــﮏ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯼ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﯿــﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑــﻪ ﺑﺤﺚﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺁﺏﻫــﺎﯼ ﺳــﻄﺤﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﯿــﻞ ﺩﺭﯾﺎﭼﻪﻫــﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻏﯿﺮﻩ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ‬

‫ﺁﮐﺎﺩﻣﯿــﮏ ﺩﺭﺑــﺎﺭﻩﯼ ﻫﺰﯾﻨــﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺖ ﻟﺠﯿﻮﻧﻼ‪ ،‬ﻧﺒﺎﯾﺪ ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪ ُﮐﺸﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺁﺏ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ ﯾﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷــﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻢ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬

‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯼ ﻧﺎﺩﯾﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬

‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯼ ﮐﺎﺭﺳﺎﺯ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯼ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻔﯿــﻪ ﺁﺏ ﻧﻤﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻟﺠﯿﻮﻧﻼ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺁﺏ ‪ 68‬ﺗــﺎ ‪ 122‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ‬

‫ﺗﺸــﺨﯿﺺ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺯﯾﺮﺍ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃــﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺏ ﺭﺷــﺪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﻭﻟﯽ ﺭﺷــﺪ ﺍﯾﺪﻩﺁﻝ ﺁﻥ‬

‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘــﺮﯼ ﻭ ﮐﻞ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯼ ﻫــﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺑﯿــﻦ ﺩﻣــﺎﯼ ‪ 95‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 115‬ﺩﺭﺟــﻪ ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺗﺴــﺖﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ PH.‬ﮐﻢ ﻭ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ ﺁﺑﺰﯾﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﯿﻞ‬

‫ﺗﺨﺼﺼﯽ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﺟﻠﺒﮏﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺧﺰﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻏﯿﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬

‫‪ .2‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺸــﺨﯿﺺ ﻟﺠﯿﻮﻧﻼ‪ ،‬ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬

‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯼ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘــﺮﯼ ﺁﺏ ﺭﺍ ﮐﺎﻫــﺶ ﺩﻫﯿــﺪ ﯾﺎ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺩﻣــﺎﯼ ‪ 135‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 140‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬

‫ﺑﯿــﻦ ﺑﺒﺮﯾﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺝﻫــﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ‬

‫ﻣﺮﮒ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯼ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮﯼ ﺑﺎ ‪ 50ppm‬ﮐﻠﺮ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾــﻦ ﺩﻣﺎﻫــﺎ‪ ،‬ﺯﯾﺴــﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﯾــﺪﻩﺁﻝ‬

‫ﻭ ﯾﮏ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯼﺯﺩﺍﯾﯽ‬

‫ﻟﺠﯿﻮﻧﻼ‪ ،‬ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮﯼ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐــﻪ ﻧﻮﻋ ًﺎ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺁﻥﮐﻪ ﮐﻠﺮﯼ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ‪ 10ppm‬ﮐﻠﺮ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ‬

‫ﺁﻧﻬــﺎ ﺑﯿــﻦ ‪ 70‬ﺗــﺎ ‪ 100‬ﺩﺭﺟــﻪ ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ‬

‫ﻣﺪﺕ ‪ 24‬ﺳــﺎﻋﺖ ﺣﻔﻆ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ّ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﺏﮔــﺮﻡ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﯽ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ‪ PH‬ﺁﺏ ﺑﯿﻦ‬

‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭﺱ ﻭ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺯﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭ‬

‫‪ 7.5-8‬ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ .‬ﺳــﺮﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﮔﺮﺩﺍﺏﻫﺎ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻟﺠﯿﻮﻧﻼ‬

‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺁﯾﻨﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﮑﺮﺍﺭ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ CTI‬ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ ﻣﯿﮑﺮﻭﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮﮊﯾﮑﯽ )‪(MIC‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔــﯽ ﻣﯿﮑﺮﻭﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮﮊﯾﮑــﯽ ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯼ ﮐﺎﻫﺶﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎﺕ )‪ (SRB‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﺏ ﺑﻮﺟــﻮﺩ ﻣﯽﺁﯾﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ًﻻ ﺑﺮﺁﻣﺪﮔﯽﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ﺭﻧﮓ ﯾﺎ ﺯﺭﺩ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺭ ﺍﺭﻭﯼ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻓﻠﺰﯼ‬ ‫ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﮑﺴﺘﻪﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺁﻣﺪﮔﯽﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ ﺳــﯿﺎﻩ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻭ ﯾﮏ ﺣﻔــﺮﻩ ﻧﻘﺮﻩﺍﯼ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺷــﻔﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺑــﻪ ﺟﺎﯼ ﻣﯽﻣﺎﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑــﻮﯼ ﺗﺨﻢﻣﺮﻍ ﮔﻨﺪﯾﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺁﻣﺪﮔﯽﻫﺎﯼ ﺷﮑﺴــﺘﻪ ﺩﻻﻟﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ‬ ‫‪ SRB‬ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯼﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﺎﻫﺶﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺳــﻮﻟﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻫﻮﺍﺯﯼ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﯽﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺁﺏﻫﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯼﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﺁﻧﺰﯾﻤﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﯽﺳﺎﺯﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﮊﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﺗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎﺕ ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﮊﻥ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﻭ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﯾﮏ‬ ‫»ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ِﺩﭘﻼﺭﯾﺰﻩ ﮐﺎﺗــﺪﯼ« ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ ﺁﻫﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻓﺮﺁﯾﻨﺪ ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﯾﻊ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺧﻼﻑ ﺯﻧﮓ ﺯﺩﮔﯽ ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﯿﺴــﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺾ ﺷــﺮﻭﻉ‬

‫‪ .3‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺑــﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺭﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯼﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﺎﻫﺶﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺴﻢ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﺍﺑﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﻝ ﺷﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺷﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺗﻨﻔﺲ ﺑﺨــﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻮﺍ‬

‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺳــﻄﻮﺡ ﺗﻤﯿﺰ ﻭ ﺧﺸﮏ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ ﯾﮏ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﭘﯿﺸــﮕﯿﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺛﺮﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻧﺎﺷــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﺷــﺶ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﯾﺎ‬

‫ﻭ ﺳــﭙﺲ ﺑﺮﺝ ُﭘﺮ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫ﯾﮏ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺑﻮﺩﯼ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺪﺭﮐﯽ ﺩﺍﻝ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬

‫ﺑﺮ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﯼ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻥ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯼﺩﺍﺭ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺑــﺎ ﺗﻤﯿﺰ ﮐــﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﯿﻮﻥ ﺗﻤﯿﺰ ﻧﮕﻪﺩﺍﺭﯾﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .4‬ﺍﻃﻼﻋــﺎﺕ ﺧــﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﺑــﺎﺭﻩ ﻟﺠﯿﻮﻧــﻼ‬

‫‪ .2‬ﺑــﺎ ﮐﻤﮏ ﮔﺮﯾــﺲ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻏــﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﯽ‬

‫‪ASHRAE‬‬

‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿــﺮﯼ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﺘــﯽ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﯽﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺑﻮﺟــﻮﺩ ﻣﯽﺁﯾﺪ‪ :‬ﺑﯿﻤــﺎﺭﯼ »ﻟﺠﯿﻮﻧﯿﺮﺯ« ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎﯼ ‪ 12-2000‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ‬

‫ﺟﺰﯾﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﺸﮑﻼﺗﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷــﺒﯿﻪ ﺫﺍﺕﺍﻟﺮﯾــﻪ ﻣﺰﻣﻦ ﻭ ﺑﯿﻤــﺎﺭﯼ »ﺗﺐ‬

‫ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯼ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬

‫‪ .3‬ﻣﻨﺎﺑــﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻘــﻮﻩ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯼﻫــﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﯿﻞ‬

‫ﭘﻮﻧﺘﯿﺎﮎ« ﮐﻪ ﻏﯿﺮ ﮐﺸــﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﯾﻢ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﺏ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﯽ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ‬

‫ﻫﻮﺍﮐﺶﻫﺎﯼ ﺣﻤﺎﻡ ﻭ ﺁﺷﭙﺰﺧﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﮔﺰﻭﺯ‬

‫)ﻟﺠﯿﻮﻧﻼ( ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﯼ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯼ ﻟﺠﯿﻮﻧﻼ‬

‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾــﺶ‬

‫ﺩﻫﯿــﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۲۴‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۶‬‬

‫ﻭ ﺩﯾﺰﻝ ﻭ ﻏﯿﺮﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫‪ .1‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮏ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺷﯿﺮ‬

‫ﺩﻭﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﯾﺪ ﯾﺎ ﺣﺬﻑ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .2‬ﺍﺿﺎﻓــﻪ ﮐــﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺭﺳــﻮﺏ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ‬

‫‪ .4‬ﺗﺎ ﺟﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺭﺍ‬

‫)ﺭﺳﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪﺍﯼ(‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻫﺪﺍﯾﺖ ﻭ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻧﮕﻪﺩﺍﺭﯾﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻧﺪﻫﯿﺪ ﺷــﺮﺍﯾﻂ‬

‫‪ .3‬ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ‬

‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷــﺪﻥ ﺷﯿﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻭﺿﻌﯿﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺭﺍﮐﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻭ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬

‫‪ .4‬ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷــﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺿﺪ‬

‫ﺗﻨﻈﯿــﻢ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿــﺖ ﻫﺪﺍﯾﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬

‫ﺁﯾﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﯿﮑــﺮﻭﺏ )ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ًﻻ ﺩﻭ ﻣــﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺁﺏ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴــﻮﺭ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭﻭﺩ‪(.‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈــﺮ ‪ SRB‬ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺖ ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ ASTM‬ﯾﻌﻨﯽ‪-D4412‬‬ ‫‪ (1997)84‬ﺗﺴــﺖ ﺷــﻮﺩ ﺗــﺎ ﺑﺎﮐﺘــﺮﯼ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﺳــﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﺁﺏ ﺭﺍ ﮐﺎﻫــﺶ ﺩﻫــﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻤــﻮ ًﻻ‬

‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻭ ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺰﺭﯾﻖ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ ﻭ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ‬

‫)ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ‪ (3‬ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ‬

‫ﻭ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺏ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ‬ ‫ﯾﺎ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻭ ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘــﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ‬

‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻨﺘﻮﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ‬

‫ﻭ ﺣﻔﻆ ﯾﮏ ﻧﻘﻄــﻪ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻫﺪﺍﯾﺖ‬

‫ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﻤﭗ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬

‫ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺁﺏ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺿﺪ ﻣﯿﮑﺮﻭﺑﯽ ﻧﻮﻋ ًﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ّ‬

‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻫﺪﺍﯾﺖ ﺁﺏ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺗﺰﺭﯾﻖ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺴﺖ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺭﯼ‬

‫ﺣﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ ﭼﻮﻥ ﻧﻤﮏﻫﺎﯼ ﺣﻞ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ ﮐــﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﻟﯿﺖ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻏﯿﺮ ﺍﮐﺴﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑــﺮ ﺍﯾــﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿــﺖ ﻫﺪﺍﯾــﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻭﺏ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﯾﮏ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﮐﺮﺩ ﻭ ﯾﮏ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺩﻟﺨﻮﺍﻩ‬

‫ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ ﺣﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﯾﮑﯽ‬

‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﯾــﮏ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬

‫ﺍﯾﺠــﺎﺩ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻘــﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑــﺮﺝ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺯ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﺩﯾﮕﺮﯼ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﯽ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴــﻮﺭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺟﺰﺀ ﺭﺍ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻥ ﺷﯿﺮ ﺑﺮﻗﯽ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻂ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ »ﺷﻮﮎ« ﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ )ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺝ( ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬

‫‪ SRB‬ﺑــﺎ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷــﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺿﺪ ﻣﯿﮑﺮﻭﺑﯽ ﺍﮐﺴــﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ﺍﮔﺮ ‪ SRB‬ﺑﺮ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﯾﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮﻭﮐﺶﻫﺎ ﮐﺎﺭﺁﯾﯽ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻧﯽ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺣــﺬﻑ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯼ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺁﺏ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﯾﺎ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﮐﺴﺮﯼ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺘﻮﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻂ ﺑﺎﯼﭘﺎﺱ‬

‫ﮐﻠﮑﺘﻮﺭ ﺗﺰﺭﯾﻖ‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺁﺏ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ‬

‫ﺭﻓﺖ ﺁﺏ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﯿﺮﯼ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺰﺭﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺰ ﺳﻮﯾﯿﭻ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘﻮﺭﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﯼ ﭘﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺷﯿﺮ ﺑﺮﻗﯽ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ‬

‫ﺑﻪﻃﺮﻑ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﻓﯽ‬

‫ﻗﻔﺴﻪ‬

‫ﺩﯾﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ‬

‫ﺿﺪﻣﯿﮑﺮﻭﺏ‬

‫ﺭﺳﻮﺏ‬

‫ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (3‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﯽ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۲۵‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۶‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻭﺯﻭﻥ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨــﺪﻩ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺿــﺪ ﻣﯿﮑﺮﻭﺑﯽ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﺯﻭﻥ ﯾــﮏ ﻣــﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ّ‬

‫ﺷﺴﺘﺸــﻮ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩﻫــﺎﯼ ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭ ﻋﺎﻟﯽ ﻫﻮﺍ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﮔﺮﺩﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻏﺒﺎﺭ‪،‬‬

‫ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﻣﯿﮑﺮﻭﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮﮊﯾﮑﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮﻭﺏﻫــﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﮒﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧــﻪ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺭﯾﺰ‬

‫ﺍﻭﺯﻭﻥ )‪ (O3‬ﻓــﺮﻡ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﯾﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﮐﺴــﯿﮋﻥ )‪(O2‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﻡ ﻣﯽﺍﻓﺘﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ًﺎ ﮐﻮﺗﺎﻫﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ًﻻ‬

‫ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺗــﻪ ﺗﺸــﺘﮏ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺑــﺮﺝ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬

‫ﺿﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 10‬ﺩﻗﯿﻘﻪ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻭﺯﻭﻥ ﯾﮏ ّ‬

‫ﻟﺠﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ‬

‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮﻭﺏ ﻗﻮﯼ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﯾﺮﻭﺱﻫــﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻏﯿﺮ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣــﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺭﺍ ﮐﺜﯿﻒ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﮐﺎﺭﺁﯾﯽ‬

‫ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺕ ﺁﻟﯽ ﻭ‬

‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﮑﺎﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﯿﺰ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ‬

‫ﻏﯿﺮ ﺁﻟﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺍﮐﺴــﯿﺪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻭﻗﺘﯽ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮏ‬

‫ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺗﺸــﺘﮏ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺑــﺮﺝ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬

‫ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻝ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﻭﺍﮐﻨــﺶ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻝ‬

‫ﺁﻧﻬــﺎ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﯽ ﺷــﻬﺮﯼ ﯾﺎ‬

‫ﺍﻭﺯﻭﻥ ﻧﺎﺑﻮﺩ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﯼ ﺍﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﮐﺮﺑﻦ‪،‬‬

‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻟﺠﻦ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻡ ﺍﮐﺴــﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﮐﻨﺶ‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﺑﺮﺝ ﭼﻨﺎﻥ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣــﯽﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻭﺯﻭﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﺳــﻮﺑﯽ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﮐﺴﯿﮋﻥ‬

‫ﺭﺍﯾﺞﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺭﺳــﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻨﯽ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ »ﻓﯿﻠﺘــﺮ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻏﯿﺮﺳــﻤﯽ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻓﺮﻋﯽ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻥﺯﺍ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‪ ،‬ﯾﻮﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﺮﺑﻨﺎﺕ ﻭ ﮐﻠﺴﯿﻢ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮐﺮﺑﻨﺎﺕ ﮐﻠﺴــﯿﻢ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﯽ ﮐﻢ ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﺁﺏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ )ﯾﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺘﮏ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮﺝ( ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑــﺎ ﺍﻭﺯﻭﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺏﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﺳــﺨﺖ )ﺑﺎ ﮐﺮﺑﻨﺎﺕ ﮐﻠﺴﯿﻢ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﺍﺯ‬ ‫‪ 500 ppm‬ﯾﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳــﻮﻟﻔﺎﺕ ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪100‬‬ ‫‪ (ppm‬ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥﭘﺬﯾــﺮ ﻧﯿﺴــﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿــﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺍﺳــﻄﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﮐﻮﺗﺎﻫﺶ‪ ،‬ﻧﺒﺎﯾــﺪ ﺍﻭﺯﻭﻥ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸﯽﻫﺎ ﻃﻮﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺴــﺘﻠﺰﻡ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﮐﻠﯽ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 110‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﺎﻋــﺚ ﻋﺪﻡ ﮐﺎﺭﺁﯾﯽ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﺯﻭﻥ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣــﺪﺕ ﺯﻣــﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪ USOSHA‬ﻣﻘــﺪﺍﺭ ﻭ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ﻗــﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﮐﺎﺭﮔــﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻭﺯﻭﻥ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺑــﻪ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ‪ 0.1ppm‬ﺩﺭ ﻫــﻮﺍ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ‪8‬‬ ‫ﺳــﺎﻋﺖ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﺯﻭﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ ﺯﻣﯿﻨﯽ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ« ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻨﺠﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻭﺯﻭﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾــﻖ ﺗﺎﺑﺶ ﻣﺎﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺑﻨﻔﺶ ﯾﺎ‬

‫ﺁﺏ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴــﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﯾﮏ ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮ ﻫﺪﺍﯾﺖ‬

‫ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻫﺎﻟﻪﺍﯼ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﻗﻮﯼ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﮔﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻏﺒﺎﺭ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺎﺑﺶ ﻣﺎﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺑﻨﻔﺶ ﻧﺎﮐﺎﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﻮﻋ ًﺎ ﺍﻧــﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﯾﮕــﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﯾﮏ ﺟﺮﯾــﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻭﺏ‬

‫ﺑﻪﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﯼ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻤــﺎﻡ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺁﺏ ﺭ ﺍﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﻗﻮﯼ )‪ 6‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 20‬ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻭﺍﺕ( ﺍﺯ ﻣﯿﺎﻥ ﯾﮏ‬

‫ﯾﮏ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ‬

‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺩﯼﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮏ )‪ 10‬ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻣﺘﺮ( ﺑﺎ ﺗﺰﺭﯾﻖ‬

‫ﺣﺠــﻢ ّ‬ ‫ﮐﻞ ﺁﺏ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺸــﺘﮏﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﯾﮏ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺧﺸﮏ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﮐﻢ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧــﯽ ﻭ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧــﯽ ﺑﺮﺝ‪،‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫــﺎﯼ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺧﺸﮏ ﺍﺯ ﻣﯿﺪﺍﻥ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻭ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴــﻮﺭ )ﻫﺎ( ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﻭﻟﺘــﺎﮊ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻝﻫــﺎﯼ ﺍﮐﺴــﯿﮋﻥ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﻭ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴــﺐ ﮔﺎﻟﻦ ﺑﺮ ‪ 60‬ﺩﻗﯿﻘﻪ‬

‫ﺍﺗﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﮐﺴﯿﮋﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻌﻀﯽ‬

‫ﻧــﻮﺭ ﻣــﺎﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺑﻨﻔﺶ ﺑــﻪ ﺟــﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬

‫ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺁﺏ ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬــﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﻭ ﺍﻭﺯﻭﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸــﮑﯿﻞ‬

‫ﺿــﺪ ﻣﯿﮑﺮﻭﺑﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﺷــﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﺼﻔﯿــﻪ‬ ‫ّ‬

‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﮔﺎﻟﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﯿﻘﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﯽﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪) .‬ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 1‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 4‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ(‪ .‬ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴــﻮﺭ ﺑــﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﻣــﯽﺭﻭﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺸــﮑﯿﻞ‬

‫ﺍﻭﺯﻭﻥ ﻭ ﻫــﻮﺍﯼ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﮐﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴــﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺭﺳﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﻣﯿﮑﺮﻭﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮﮊﯾﮑﯽ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫)ﺗﺸﺘﮏ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮﺝ( ﺗﺰﺭﯾﻖ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻮﻋ ًﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺁﺏ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ )‪3.5‬‬

‫ﺭﺍﯾــﺞ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻭ ﺑــﺎ ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ ﭼﯿﺰﯼ ﺟﺰ ﯾﮏ ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮ ﺷﻨﯽ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺯﯾﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭﺕ ﭘﺮﺳﻨﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺰﺍﯾﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﻩ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻭﺯﻭﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﺗﺼﻔﯿــﻪ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺿــﺪ ﻣﯿﮑﺮﻭﺑﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﺮﺍﻥﻗﯿﻤﺖ‬ ‫‪ .2‬ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺯﯾﺮﺍ ﻓﺮﺁﯾﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﺯﻭﻥ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﺑﺶ ﺍﺷﻌﻪ ﻣﺎﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺑﻨﻔﺶ‬

‫ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺴﻢ »ﺑﮏ ﻭﺍﺵ« ﯾﺎ »ﻫﻢﺯﻥ« ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬

‫ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻭﺯﻭﻥ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﯼ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺯﯾﺮﺍ‬

‫ﺗﺎ ‪ 10‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ( ﺑﻪ ﺳــﻤﺖ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺳــﺘﺨﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺷــﻨﺎ ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻓﺮﺁﯾﻨــﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿــﺪ ﺍﻭﺯﻭﻥ ﺭﺳــﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﺑﺶ ﺍﺷــﻌﻪ ﻣــﺎﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺑﻨﻔﺶ ﻫﺪﺍﯾﺖ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺸــﮑﯿﻞ ﺭﺳــﻮﺏ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ 50‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮﻭﻣﺘﺮ ﯾﺎ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ ﻭ‬

‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺳﯿﮑﻞ‬

‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۲۶‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۶‬‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻻﻣﭗﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺎﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺑﻨﻔﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭ‬

‫ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﯿﺴــﯽ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺻﺎﺣﺒــﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﺎﻥ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻃــﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻣﺨﺘﻠــﻒ ‪ 185‬ﻭ ‪ 245‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ﺑــﻪ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬

‫ﭘﻮﺳــﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﭼــﻮﺏ ﺑﻪﻭﺍﺳــﻄﻪ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬

‫ﺑــﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭﻭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻻﻣــﭗ ‪ 245‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﺭﺳﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺷــﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‪ ،‬ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮﮊﯾﮑﯽ‪ ،‬ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑــﯽ‪ ،‬ﺩﻣﺎ ﻭ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﯽﮔﻮﯾﻨــﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻫﻦﺭﺑﺎﻫﺎﯼ ﻧــﻮﺍﺭﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ‬

‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﯿﮑﺮﻭﺏ‬

‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﺏ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﮐﺮﯾﺴﺘﺎﻝﻫﺎﯼ ﻧﻤﮏ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺳــﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ًﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻭ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯼ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺪﺍﻓﻌﯿﻦ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺁﻫﻦﺭﺑﺎﻫــﺎﯼ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ‬

‫ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ًﻻ‬

‫ﻣــﻮﺍﺩ ﺷــﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺳــﻮﺏ ﻭ‬

‫ﻣﺪﻋﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺣﻞ‬

‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣــﻞ ﺷــﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﯾــﮏ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔــﯽ ﻧﻤﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺻﺮﻑﻧﻈــﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻃﻮﻝ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ )ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﯾﻮﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﻧﻤﮑﯽ( ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺳﻔﯿﺪ ﻓﯿﺒﺮﯼ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺝ‪،‬ﺷﺪﺕ ﻧﻮﺭ ﻻﻣﭗ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻻﻣﭗﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ ﻣﯿﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﯿﺴﯽ ﺟﺪﺍ‬

‫ﺍﮐﺴﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻗﻠﯿﺎﯼ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﯽﺁﯾﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ‪ 39‬ﻭ ‪ 65‬ﻭﺍﺕ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ‬

‫ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﺴﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﮐﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺭﺳــﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﮐﻠﺮﺩﺍﺭ ) ﺑﺎ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪1ppm‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻭ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬

‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﯼ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ‬

‫ﮐﻠﺮ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ( ﻭ ﻗﻠﯿﺎﯾﯽ )ﺑﺎ ‪ PH‬ﻋﺪﺩ ‪ 8‬ﯾﺎ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ(‬

‫ﻧﮕﻪﺩﺍﺭﯼ)ﺗﻌﻮﯾﺾ( ﻻﻣﭗ ﻧﺎﭼﯿﺰ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﺏ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴــﻮﺭ ﻧــﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ‬

‫ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻫﻢﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺭﺥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﺳﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﭼﻮﺏ‬

‫ﻻﻣــﭗ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﯾﮏ ﻏــﻼﻑ ﮐﻮﺍﺭﺗﺰﯼ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬

‫ﺻﺮﻓ ًﺎ ﯾﮏ ُﺣ ّﻘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻧﺒﺎﯾﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ ﮐــﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﯾﮏ »ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﻭﺍﯾﭙﺮ«‬

‫ﯾﮏ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻏﻼﻑ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻤﯿﺰ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ ﭼﻮﺑﯽ‬

‫ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺗﺎﺑﺶ ﺍﺷــﻌﻪ ﻣﺎﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺑﻨﻔﺶ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷــﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺭﺳــﻮﺏ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﯽ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﮐﻮﺍﺭﺗﺰ ﻻﻣﭗ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮐﺎﺭﺗﺮﯾﺠﯽ‪ ،‬ﮐﯿﺴــﻪﺍﯼ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺳــﻪﺍﯼ ﯾﺎ ﺷــﺒﮑﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻧﻈﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‬ ‫ﮐــﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﮐــﺮﺩﻥ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ‪50‬‬ ‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮﻭﻣﺘﺮﯼ ﯾﺎ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻫﻦﺭﺑﺎﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﯿﺴﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻭﻗــﺖ ﯾﮏﺑﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻭﺷــﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺭﮔﺎﻧﯿﺴــﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮﮊﯾﮑــﯽ ﮐــﻪ ﺑــﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﺏﻫــﺎﯼ ﺑــﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨــﺪﻩ ﺣﻤﻠــﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺳــﻠﻮﻟﺰ ﭼﻮﺏ ﺑــﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﯾﮏ‬

‫ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﺝﻫــﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨــﺪﻩ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺒــﻊ ﮐﺮﺑــﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺭﺷــﺪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫‪ 1000‬ﺗــﺎ ‪ 1500‬ﺗُــﻦ ﻭ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘــﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺭﮔﺎﻧﯿﺴــﻢﻫﺎ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ ﭼﻮﺏ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ ﭼﻮﺑﯽ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭼﻮﺏ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺑــﺎ ﮐﻤﮏ ﺁﻧﺰﯾﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺧــﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﺑﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﻪ ﺟﺰﺀ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫)ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ(‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ‬

‫● ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻟﯿﺎﻑ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﭼﻮﺏ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ‬

‫ﺣﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻧﺎﺑﻮﺩﯼ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻧﺮﻡ ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺩﻫــﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋــﺚ ﺍﺳــﺘﺤﮑﺎﻡ ﭼﻮﺏ‬

‫ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ ﭼﻮﺏ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻧﮓ ﭼﻮﺏ ﺳﯿﺎﻩ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳــﺘﺤﮑﺎﻡ ﺧــﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳــﺖ‬

‫● ﻣــﻮﺍﺩ ﻧﺮﻣﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨــﻮﺍﻥ ﯾﮏ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﻮﻧــﺪﯼ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳــﻠﻮﻟﺰ ﻋﻤــﻞ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‬ ‫)ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭼﻮﺑﯽ ﺑﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ(‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﻧﺮﻡ ﻭ ﺍﺳﻔﻨﺠﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻤﻠــﻪ ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮﮊﯾﮑــﯽ ﺩﻭ ﻧــﻮﻉ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺳــﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﺳﻄﺤﯽ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺳــﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ‪.‬‬

‫ﺁﻫﻦﺭﺑﺎﻫــﺎﯼ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﯿﺴــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻭﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫــﺎﯼ‬

‫● ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒــﺎﺕ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﮐﻪ ﭼــﻮﺏ ﺭﺍ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ‬

‫ﭘﻮﺳــﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﺳﻄﺤﯽ ﺑﻪﺁﺳــﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻭ‬

‫ﺍﻋﺠﺎﺏﺍﻧﮕﯿــﺰ ﺗﺼﻔﯿــﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑــﺎ ﺁﻫﻦﺭﺑﺎﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺳــﺎﺯﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﭘﻮﺳﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ‬

‫ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭﻟﯽ ﭘﻮﺳﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۲۷‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۶‬‬

‫ﺁﺳﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻤﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﺯﯾﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﯾﭽﻪﻫﺎ‪،‬‬

‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﭘﺮ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ‬

‫ﺳــﻠﻮﻝﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﺸﺘﮏﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ‬

‫ﻭ ﺧﺎﻟــﯽ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻓﺮﺍﻫــﻢ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﯿﺐ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ ANSI - Z35801‬ﺁﺏ ﻧﯿﻤﻪ‬

‫ﻓﻦ ﻭ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺗﮑﯿﻪﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘــﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ‬

‫ﮔــﺮﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ‪ 15‬ﺩﻗﯿﻘــﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ‪20‬‬

‫ﺁﺳﺎﻧﯽ ﺩﯾﺪﻩ ﻧﻤﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳــﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﺷــﺪﻥ ﺩﯾﻮﺍﺭﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﯾﺎ‬

‫ﮔﺎﻟﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﯿﻘﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺣﻤﺎﻡﻫﺎ ﻭ ‪ 0.4‬ﮔﺎﻟﻦ‬

‫ﺑﯿﺮﻭﻧﯽ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﯿﻘﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﯾﺴــﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﭼﺸﻢﺷﻮﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﻣﯽﺩﺍﻧــﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻤــﻮ ًﻻ ﺩﻣــﺎﯼ ﺁﺏ ‪ 78‬ﺗﺎ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻪﺩﺍﺭﯼ ﭘﯿﺶﮔﯿﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻩ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻮﺳﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﭼﻮﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫‪ .2‬ﯾﮏ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺳــﺮﺭﯾﺰ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﺸﮑﻪﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺯﻧﮕﻪﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 92‬ﺩﺭﺟــﻪ ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐــﻪ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒ ًﺎ ﺑﺮ‬

‫ﺿﺪ‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﯽ ﭘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺝ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ّ‬

‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟــﯽ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ ﮐــﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ًﻻ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮﻭﺑﯿﺎﯾــﯽ ﻏﯿﺮ ﺍﮐﺴــﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﯾﮏ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺑﺘﻮﻧــﯽ ﺩﺭ ﭘﯿﺮﺍﻣﻮﻥ ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺭﺳــﻮﺏ ﻟﺠﻨــﯽ ﻭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺫﺧﯿﺮﻩﺳــﺎﺯﯼ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ‬

‫ﻧﻤﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﺳــﺮﺩ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﺮﻡ‬

‫ﺣﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮﮊﯾﮑﯽ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺣﺠــﻢ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﯾــﺪ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﺏ )ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺳــﺨﺘﯽ ﺁﺏ( ﺣﻤﺎﻡ ﻫﺎ‬

‫‪ .2‬ﭘﻮﺳــﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﺭﺍﯾﺞﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺸــﮑﻞ‬

‫ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻇﺮﻑ ﯾﺎ ﺑﺸــﮑﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﯾﮏ‬

‫ﻧﻮﺍﺣﯽ ﺧﺸــﮏ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ‬

‫ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺷﯿﺐﺩﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬

‫ﺩﻭﺑــﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﯾﺪ ﺷــﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻣــﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾــﺶ ﻣﯿﮑﺮﻭﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮﮊﯾﮑﯽ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﮕﯿﺮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﯿﮑﺮﻭ ﺍﺭﮔﺎﻧﯿﺴﻢ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻓﻮﺭ ًﺍ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﺏ ﭘﻮﺳــﯿﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻮﺏ ﻋﻤــﻞ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻮﯾﺾ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﭘﻮﺳﯿﺪﮔﯽ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﺏ ﻭ ﺳــﺮﺍﯾﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴــﻤﺖﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺳــﺎﻟﻢ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿــﺮﯼ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪).‬ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺭﯼ ﺑــﺎ ﻣــﻮﺍﺩ ﻗﺎﺭﭺﮐﺶ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮﮊﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ‬

‫ﻣﺎﯾﻌﺎﺕ ﺳﺮﺭﯾﺰ ﺷﺪﻩ ﯾﺎ ﺭﯾﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻫﺪﺍﯾﺖ ﮐﻨﺪ ﻭ ﭘﻤﭙﺎﮊ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺸﮑﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻮﻧﯽ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﮕﯿﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻤﺎﻡﻫـﺎﯼ ﺍﯾﻤﻨـﯽ ﻭ ﺍﯾﺴـﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﭼﺸﻢﺷﻮﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ )‪USOSHA 29CFR‬‬ ‫‪ (191.151CC‬ﻭﺟــﻮﺩ ﺣﻤﺎﻡﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﯾﻤﻨﯽ‬

‫ﻭ ﺍﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﭼﺸﻢﺷﻮﯾﯽ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﯾﮏ ﺷﯿﺮ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺁﺏ ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﮔﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﺎﻡ ﯾﺎ ﺍﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭼﺸﻢﺷﻮﯾﯽ‪ ،‬ﻧﮑﺎﺕ ﺯﯾﺮ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﯿﺮﯾﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ ﺣﻤﺎﻡ ﻭ ﺍﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﭼﺸﻢﺷﻮﯾﯽ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﺣﻤــﺎﻡ ‪ 20‬ﮔﺎﻟﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﯿﻘــﻪ ﻭ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺁﺏ ﺍﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭼﺸﻢﺷﻮﯾﯽ ‪ 0.6‬ﮔﺎﻟﻦ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻗﯿﻘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺷﯿﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮐﻢ ﯾﺎ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ ﺁﺏ ﮐﺎﺭ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭ ﺍﯾﺴــﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﭼﺸﻢﺷــﻮﯾﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺿــﺮﻭﺭﯼ‬

‫‪ .2‬ﺍﮔــﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﯾﺮ ﻣﺴــﺎﻭﯼ ﻭ ﺯﯾــﺎﺩ ﺁﺏﮔﺮﻡ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺷــﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺭﯼ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻭ‬

‫ﻭ ﺁﺏﺳــﺮﺩ ﺑﻪﻃــﻮﺭ ﻫﻢﺯﻣــﺎﻥ ﺑــﺎ ﻫﻢ‬

‫ﺑﺪﻥ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩ ﺷﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﻮﻋ ًﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬

‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪،‬ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ‬

‫ﺷــﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴــﻮﺭ ﺯﯾﺎﻥﺁﻭﺭ‬

‫ﺳــﺮﯾﻊ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺁﺏ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷــﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰ ﺍﯾﻤﻨــﯽ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‪،‬‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﯽ‪ ،‬ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸﯽ‬

‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﻭ ﺗﺴﺖ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬

‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﮐﺎﻓــﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﺎﻫــﺶ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻋ ًﺎ ﺷــﯿﺮﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺭﯾﺨﺖ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺵ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ًﻻ ﻣــﻮﺍﺩ ﺷــﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺻــﻮﺭﺕ ﻓ ّﻠﻪﺍﯼ ﺧﺮﯾﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺣﻤﺎﻡ‬

‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺧﯿﻠﯽ ﻧﺰﺩﯾﮏ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬

‫ﻭ ﭼﺸﻢﺷــﻮﯾﯽ ﻭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻭ ﺍﯾــﻦ ﺯﻣــﺎﻥ ﺗﺎﺧﯿﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺑﯿــﻦ ﻣﯽﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﺳﯿﺪﻥ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬

‫ﺷﯿﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺧﯿﻠﯽ ﺳﺮﯾﻊ ﺁﺏ ﮔﺮﻡ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾــﻦﺭﻭ ﺍﺣﺘﻤــﺎﻝ ﺭﯾﺨﺘﻦ ﺁﻧﻬــﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﮑﺎﻥﻫــﺎﯼ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳــﺘﺮﺱ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ‬

‫ﻭ ﺳﺮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺎﺑﻪﺟﺎﯾﯽ ﯾﺎ ﺑﺎﺯ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ‬

‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠــﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻧــﯽ ‪ 10‬ﺛﺎﻧﯿــﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .3‬ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺷﯿﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﯽ ﺗﺤﺖ‬

‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫــﺎﯼ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ ﺣﻤﺎﻡ ﻭ ﭼﺸﻢﺷــﻮﯾﯽ‬

‫ﻓﺸــﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻌﯿﻦ ﺁﺏ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ‬

‫‪ .1‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷــﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﺩﻭﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ‬

‫ﻫﻢﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺣﻤﺎﻡﻫــﺎﯼ ﺍﯾﻤﻨــﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ‬

‫ﺧﺮﯾــﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨــﺪ ﮔﺮﺍﻥﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻇﺮﻑ ‪ 1‬ﺛﺎﻧﯿﻪ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺷــﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬

‫ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺭﯼ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺑﺸــﮑﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷــﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﯽ‬

‫ﻟﺒﺎﺱﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻭ ﯾﺎ ﭼﺸﻤﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺁﺏﺳﺮﺩ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﭘﯿﺪﺍ ﻧﮑﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻏﯿﺮ ﺍﯾﻦﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻭ ﭘﻮﻝ ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻫﺪﺭ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﯿﺪ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺫﺧﯿﺮﻩﺳـﺎﺯﯼ ﻭ ﺍﯾﻤﻨـﯽ ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫‪ ANSI - Z35801‬ﻧﮕﻪﺩﺍﺭﯼ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۲۸‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۶‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺧﺪﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪HVAC design manual for hospitals and clinics :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻧﺸﺮ ﯾﺰﺩﺍ‬

‫»ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨــﺪﻩ ﻣﺎﯾــﻊ ﻣــﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺴــﺘﻪ« ﻫﻢ‬

‫ﺁﺏ ﺍﺯ ﺍﮐﺴــﯿﮋﻥ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ‬

‫ﺑﻪﺳــﺎﺩﮔﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﻔــﺖ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ ﯾﮏ‬

‫ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔــﯽ ﺗﺪﺭﯾﺠﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺝ‬

‫ﻓﺮﺍﯾﻨﺪ ﺧﻨﮏﺳــﺎﺯﯼ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪﺧﺼﻮﺹ‪،‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﯾﮏ ﻓﻦ )ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﮑﯽ( ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ‬

‫ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸــﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎ ﺁﺏ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺁﺏ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﮔﺎﺯﯼﺷــﮑﻞ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ‬

‫ﯾﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺍﺳــﭙﺮﯼ ﭘﺮ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺎ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﮐﺮﺑﻨﺎﺕ ﮐﻠﺴﯿﻢ )ﺳﺨﺘﯽ‬

‫ﺑــﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯼ ﻧﻬــﺎﻥ ﺗﺒﺨﯿــﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﮑﯽ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮﺍ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﮐﻞ‬

‫ﺁﺏ( ﺑﺎﻗﯿﻤﺎﻧــﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯼ ﺁﺏ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺝ ﻣﯽﺩﻣﻨﺪ )ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭﯼ( ﯾﺎ ﺍﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﻫﻮﺍ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴــﻮﺭ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺑﻪﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﮐﻨﺪ ﻭ‬

‫ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﻓﺮﺍﯾﻨﺪ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺁﺩﯾﺎﺑﺎﺗﯿﮏ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﮐﻞ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻣﯽﮐﺸــﻨﺪ )ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﯾﯽ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘــﺎﻝ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻧــﺮﮊﯼ ﺭﺍ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨــﺪ‪ .‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣــﯽ ﯾــﮏ ﺑﺮﺝ‬

‫ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﺑــﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬

‫ﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻫــﺎ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺝﻫــﺎ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﻭ ﻋﻤــﻮﺩﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻣﺎ‬

‫ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺗﻤﯿــﺰ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳــﯽ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬

‫ﺗﺎ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻫﻮﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﺍﻓﻘﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﺗﺎﺳــﺮ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﺍﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌــﺮﺽ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﯿﺮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﺟﺮﯾــﺎﻥ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ )ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ )ﺩﻭ ﺳــﯿﺎﻝ‬

‫ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺗﻤﯿﺰ ﺷــﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﺑــﺮ ﻫﻢ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ‬

‫ﺷــﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺷــﯿﻮﻉ ﻟﮋﯾﻮﻧﻠﻮﺳﯿﺲ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﻭﺭﻗﻪ ﻧﺎﺯﮐﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻢ ﻋﺎﯾﻖ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ((‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻧﯿﺴــﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﯾــﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻋﻤــﻮﺩﯼ ﺭﻭﺑﻪﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎﻥ ﭘﺎﮐﺴﺎﺯﯼ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺮﺝ‬

‫ﺧﻼﻑ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﮐﺸﯿﺪﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ )ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﯾﮏ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﯿﻂ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪﺍﯼ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺝﻫــﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺷــﮑﻞﻫﺎ ﻭ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﮑﺮﺑﻨﺪﯼﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠــﻒ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﯽ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬

‫ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ(‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﺎﮐﺴﺎﺯﯼ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻭ ﺗﻤﯿﺰ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺧﻨﮏ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺩﻓﻊ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫــﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪،‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﯾﮏ ﺑﺮﺝ »ﻣﺴــﺘﻘﯿﻢ«‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺟﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴــﻮﺭ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺧﻨﮏ ﺍﺳﺖ )‪ASHRAE‬‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﻣﺎﯾﻌــﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺧﻨﮏ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ‬

‫ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬــﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺷــﺪﯾﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﻧــﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺝﻫــﺎﯼ‬

‫‪ .(2001b‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺴــﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ‬

‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨــﺪﻩ ﺑــﺎ ﺷــﯿﻮﻉ ﻟﮋﯾﻮﻧﻠﻮﺳــﯿﺲ‬

‫ﻭ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮﮐﻨﻨــﺪﻩ )ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗــﻮﺭ( ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﭘﮑﯿﺞ‬

‫ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﯾــﮏ ﺑﺮﺝ »ﺑﺎﺯ« ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪.‬‬

‫)ﺑﯿﻤــﺎﺭﯼ ﻟﮋﯾﻮﻧــﺎ( ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒــﺎﻁ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﻫــﻮﺍ ﺧﻨﮏ‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﮕﯿــﺮﺩ ﯾﺎ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ‬

‫ﯾﮏ ﺑﺮﺝ »ﻏﯿﺮﻣﺴــﺘﻘﯿﻢ« ﺑﺮﺟﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﻮﺍﺷﻮﯼﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺧﻨﮏ ﺟﺪﺍ‬

‫ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺒــﺪﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﯽ ﯾــﺎ ﯾﮏ ﮐﻮﯾﻞ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ‪،‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺣــﺎﻝ ﺗﺒﺨﯿــﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﻄﺢ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﯾﺮ ﻗﺎﺑــﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﮎ ﻭ‬

‫ﻓﻦﻫــﺎﯼ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﺍﯼ ﻭ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑــﻪ ﮐﻮﯾﻞﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺧﺎﺭﺟــﯽ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫــﺎ ﮐﺎﺳــﮑﯿﺪ )‪(caccade‬‬

‫ﻧﺨﺎﻟﻪ ﻭ ﺁﺷــﻐﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﻮﻥ‬

‫ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﭘﺮﻩﺩﺍﺭ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻋﺎﯾﻖ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾــﻦ ﻧــﻮﻉ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿــﻦ ﺑــﻪ‬

‫ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﻣﺴــﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺟﻮ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ‪،‬‬

‫ﻫﻮﺍ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۲۹‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۶‬‬

‫ﻫﻮﺍ ﺧﻨﮏ ﺟﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﻦﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﺮﯾﻔﻮﮊﯼ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‬

‫ﺑﻪﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨﮏ ﻧﯿﺴــﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻮﯾﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺒﺮﺩ ﭘﺮﻩﺩﺍﺭ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬

‫ﻫﻨــﮕﺎﻡ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴــﻪ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣــﺎﻥ ﺍﻧــﺮﮊﯼ‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭﺍﯾــﯽ ﻓﺮﺍﯾﻨــﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘــﺎﻝ ﺣــﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺧﻨﮏ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨﮏ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬

‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷــﺪﻩ‪،‬‬

‫ﺑﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴــﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺧﻨﮏ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺷــﺪﻩ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮﯼ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﮐﻮﭼﮏﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺟﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 500‬ﺗــﻦ )‪ 1760‬ﮐﯿﻠﻮ ﻭﺍﺕ(‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﭼﯿﻠــﺮ ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨﮏ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷــﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ‪ 250‬ﺗــﻦ )‪ 880‬ﮐﯿﻠﻮ ﻭﺍﺕ(‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺩﻓﻊ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺷــﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﯾﮏ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴــﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺧﻨﮏ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺧﻨﮏ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ‬

‫ﺗﺒﺨﯿــﺮﯼ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣــﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺗﺮﺍﮐــﻢ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯼ‬

‫ﺟﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﻧــﺪﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴــﺎﺕ ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨﮏ‬

‫ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺟﺰﯾﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ؛ ﺍﻓﺖ‬

‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿــﺪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﮐــﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣــﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪﻃــﻮﺭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴــﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺧﻨﮏ ﮐﺎﺭﺍﯾﯽ ﺑﻪﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪﺍﯼ ‪ COP‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻣﯽﺑﺨﺸﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯼ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﻭ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬

‫ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﮑﯿﺞ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﻫــﻮﺍ ﺧﻨﮏ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﺑــﺎﻻﯼ ‪ 400‬ﺗﻦ )‪ 1410‬ﮐﯿﻠﻮ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮﯼ‬

‫ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﯿﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮﯼ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﺕ( ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳــﺘﺮﺱ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴــﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺒﺨﯿــﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻤﭙــﯽ‬

‫ﻫﻮﺍ ﺧﻨــﮏ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺩﻟﯿﻞ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﯽﮐﺸــﺪ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﺮﻭﻥ ﮐﻮﯾﻞ ﺍﺳــﭙﺮﯼ‬

‫● ﮐﻤﺒﻮﺩ ﺁﺏ ﯾﺎ ﻣﺸﮑﻼﺕ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨﮏ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﻣﯽﮐﻨــﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﯿــﻦ ﮐﻮﯾﻞ ﺩﻣﯿــﺪﻩ )ﯾﺎ‬

‫● ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺗﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ‬

‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﺍﻭﺝ ﺑﺎﺭ ﮐﺎﺭ‬

‫ﮐﺸــﯿﺪﻩ( ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ ﻭ ﮐﻤــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ‬

‫ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﻘﯿﻪ ﺍﻭﻗﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫● ﻋﺪﻡ ﻧﯿــﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺗﺎﻕﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴــﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺷــﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺟﺰﯾﯽ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺯﯾﺮ‪،‬‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴــﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺒﺨﯿــﺮﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘــﺪﺍ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺘــﺮﻝ ﺍﯾﻤﻨــﯽ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻭ ﻏﯿــﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﮐﻠﯿﺪﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﯾﮏ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﯼ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‬

‫ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﮑﯿﺞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺧﻨﮏ‬

‫ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨﮏ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺩﺳــﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻭ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﮐﻤﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ‪:‬‬

‫ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫● ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺁﺑﯽ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﭘﮑﯿﺞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫● ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻓﻊ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ‬

‫ﺗﺒﺨﯿــﺮﯼ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﯾﮏ ﺟــﺰﺀ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬

‫● ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺷــﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﺍﻭﺝ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ‬

‫ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨﮏ‬

‫● ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫● ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫــﺎﯼ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺧﻨﮏ‬

‫ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺟﺰﯾﯽ‬ ‫● ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫● ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫● ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨﮏ‬ ‫● ﺭﻭﺵ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌــﺪﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻧــﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎ ﺗﺎﺛﯿــﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪﺍﯼ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﯾﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺟﺰﯾــﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﻤــﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺑــﺎﺭ ﺟﺰﯾﯽ ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻧــﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﯾﻔﺎ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳــﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻢ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪،‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۳۰‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۶‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﺛﺮﺗﺮ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ ﯾﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳﺮﻭﮐﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺳﺎﯾﺰﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺤﺮﮎ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ )ﭘﻠﻪﺍﯼ(‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﭼﯿﻠــﺮ ﮐﻮﭼﮏﺗﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪﺻﺮﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﻫﻢ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﯾﯽ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﯾﮏ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫــﺎﯼ ﺍﻭﻟﯿــﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺰﺍﯾﺎﯼ ﺍﻧــﺮﮊﯼ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺳــﻮﺩﻣﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﯾﮏ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻀﻤﯿﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﻭﺷﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺗﺸــﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻭﺳﯿﻌﯽ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺳــﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑــﺎ ﻧﯿﺎﺯﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻭﺝ ﺑــﺎﺭ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍ‪ ،‬ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ‬

‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺁﺏ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺳــﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮﯼ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻓﻦ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺩﺭﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﯾــﮏ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪،‬‬

‫ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﯿــﻪ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪﺍﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨــﺪﻩ )ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﺑﺰﺭﮒﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺁﻥ( ﺗﺤﻤﯿﻞ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪،‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﯾﯿــﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻗﯿﻤــﺖ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻮﺛﺮﯼ‬

‫ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬

‫ﻧﺎﺷﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺗﺮ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺷــﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸــﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﯾﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻓﻦﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬

‫ﺷــﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﺑﺎﺭﺟﺰﯾﯽ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﺪﻝ‬

‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺟﯿﻪﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﺒﯿﻪﺳــﺎﺯﯼ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﮐﺎﻣﭙﯿﻮﺗــﺮﯼ ﺍﺭﺯﯾﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺳــﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿــﻮﻉ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻋﻤــﺮ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻋﻤﺮ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭ ﺳﺎﯾﺰ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻓﻊ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ‬

‫ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪﺳـﺎﺯﯼ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﯾﮏ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺁﺑﯽ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻤﺎ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﯽ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺁﺏ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴــﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟــﯽ ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗــﻮﺭ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑــﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﺍﯾﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻨﮏﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨﮏ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺯﯾــﻊ ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨﮏ‪ ،‬ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫــﺎ‪ ،‬ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸــﯽ‪ ،‬ﮐﻮﯾﻞﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺳــﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ ﻭ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫــﺎ ﺩﺭ ﯾــﮏ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺩﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮏ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﮑﯽ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﻮﻥ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﯾﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﻭﺍﮐﻨﺶ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﯼ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺍﺟﺰﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻤﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺿﺮﻭﺭﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬

‫ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻓــﻊ ﮔﺮﻣــﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺁﺑﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﭘﻤﭗ‬

‫ﺳﺎﺩﮔﯽ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨﮏ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻬﯿــﻪ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﮐــﻪ ﭘﯿــﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺫﮐﺮ‬

‫ﺷــﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﺏ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺷــﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﯾﮑــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻦ ﺩﻻﯾﻞ ﺭﻭﯾﮑﺮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺷــﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻧﯿﺴــﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫــﺎﯼ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺳــﺎﯾﺰﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺧﻨــﮏ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ﺑــﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻮﺍ‬

‫ﯾــﺎ ﻫﺪ ﭘﻤــﭗ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺑــﺮ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ‬

‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ)ﻫﺎ(‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺧﻨــﮏ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮﯼ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﮕﺬﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﻋﮑﺲ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﮐﻮﯾﻞﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺧﻨﮏ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺗﺮﯼ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﮑﻮﺱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳــﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ‪ ،‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪.‬ﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۳۱‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۶‬‬

‫ﺟﺮﯾــﺎﻥ ﺛﺎﺑــﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺷــﯿﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺳــﻪ ﺭﺍﻫﻪ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺭﺳــﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺟﺰﯾﯽ‬

‫ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ‬

‫ﮐﻮﯾﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﺳــﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺸــﮑﻼﺗﯽ ﺑﻪﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﯽﺁﯾــﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺘﯽ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺰﯾﺖ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺯﯾﺮ ﻣﺜﺎﻝﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬

‫)ﻫﻤــﻪﯼ( ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ ﭘﻤﭗﻫــﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﯽ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﮐﻞ ﺑــﺎﺭ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺑﻪﺧﻮﺑﯽ‬

‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ُﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻓﺮﺻﺘﯽ‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﺍﻣــﺎ ﻓﺮﺻﺘﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﯾﯽ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﯾﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺑﻪﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺑــﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﯾﺎ ﭘﻤﭗ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ‬

‫ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﯾﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺍﯾﺪﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‬

‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﯾﺎ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﮐﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴــﺎﺕ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﻤﭗ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺪﺭﯼ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ‬

‫ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ‪/‬ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﻪ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﯾﮏ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﻭ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻧﻈﺮﯼ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﺷــﺪﻥ ﯾﮏ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺑﻪﺩﻟﯿﻞ ﺳــﺎﺩﮔﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻭ‬

‫ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﻭ ﭘﻤﭗ‪ ،‬ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴــﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﯾـﮏ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﮐـﻪ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﮐﻮﯾﻞ ﺳـﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺘﯽ ﯾــﮏ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﮐــﻪ ﺑﻪ ﯾــﮏ ﮐﻮﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﺳــﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳــﺎﺩﻩﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺭﻭﯾﮑﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻤــﭗ ﺣﺠــﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺁﺏ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﯿــﻦ ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗــﻮﺭ ﻭ ﮐﻮﯾﻞ ﺑﻪﮔﺮﺩﺵ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺷــﯿﺮ ﮐﻨﺘــﺮﻝ ﺳــﻪﺭﺍﻫﻪ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺣــﺬﻑ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﯾــﮏ ﻧﮑﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻨــﮕﺎﻡ ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳــﺖ‬ ‫ﮐــﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟــﻮﺩ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ‬ ‫ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮔــﺬﺍﺭﯼ ﺍﺻﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻭﻗﺘﯽ ﮐﻪ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﮐﺎﻣﻼ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﮐﻮﯾﻞ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ )ﮐﻮﭘﻞ( ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺰﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﺫﺧﯿﺮﻩﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼ ﻫﻤﻪ ﮐﻮﯾﻞﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻝ ﻣﯽﺳــﺎﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻃــﺮﺡ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻫﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻬﯿﺎ ﻣﯽﺳﺎﺯﺩ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﮔﺮﺍﯾﺶ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ؛ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﯾﮏ ﮐﻮﯾﻞ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻝ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﯽﮐﻪ ﺑﻘﯿﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﮐﻤﯽ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺳﺮﯼ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ ﮐﻮﯾﻞ‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ ﯾﮏ ﯾــﺎ ﭼﻨﺪﯾــﻦ ﭼﯿﻠــﺮ ﺑﻪﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫــﺎ ﻭ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ‪ ،‬ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸــﯽ ﺑﻪﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﯽﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪ‬ ‫)‪ .(DuPont 2000‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸــﯽ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺷــﯿﺮ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻫﯽ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﯾﮏ ﺧﻂ ﮔﺬﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒــﯽ )ﺑﺎﯼﭘﺲ( ﺑﻪﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ‬

‫ﯾــﮏ ﺭﺍﻩﺣﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻗــﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺷــﯿﺮﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺧــﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺭﻓﺖ‬

‫ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﭼﯿﺪﻣﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﯾﮏ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﺸــﺖ ﻣﻨﺤــﺮﻑ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ‬

‫ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺳﺮﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﻫﻤﻪ‬

‫ﮐﻮﯾﻞ ﺳــﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬

‫ﯾﺎ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﺗﺎﺳــﺮ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ)ﻫﺎ(‪ ،‬ﻭ ﯾﺎ‬

‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺗﮏ ﺗﮏ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺷــﯿﺮ ﺳــﻪﺭﺍﻫﯽ ﺩﺭ ﮐﻮﯾﻞ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ)ﻫﺎ( ﺣﻔﻆ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺳــﺎﺩﻩﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ‬

‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﻪﺩﻟﯿﻞ ﺳــﺎﺩﮔﯽ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬

‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺮ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ‬

‫ﻃﯽ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﺝ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺎﺧﯿﺮ‬

‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ .‬ﯾﮏ ﺭﻭﺵ‬

‫ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﯾــﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺭﻭﯾﮑﺮﺩ‪،‬‬

‫ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨﮏ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﻈﯿــﻢ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺁﺑﯽ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ‬

‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﺗــﺮﮎ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﺑــﺮ ﺍﺳــﺎﺱ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺘﯽ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻃﯽ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﺭ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﯾﯽ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ‬

‫ﺷﯿﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻮﯾﻞ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨﮏ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻧﻤﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧــﯽ ﻣــﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺷــﯿﺮ ﺑﺎﯼﭘﺲ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﯼ ﺣﻠﻘﻪﻫــﺎﯼ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﯾﮏ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ ﮐﻮﯾﻞ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫ﺁﺏ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﭼﻨﺪﯾـﻦ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﻣـﻮﺍﺯﯼ‪ ،‬ﺑـﺎ ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ ﮐﻮﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘــﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﺍﯾــﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳــﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻪﻧﻈــﺮ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪) .‬ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ‪ 2‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺒﯿﻨﯿﺪ‪(.‬‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﺴــﺌﻠﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾــﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺷــﯿﺮ ﺑﺎﯼﭘﺲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﯾﮏ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺭﻫــﺎﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﯿــﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﺣﺘﻤــﺎﻝ ﺳــﺎﯾﺶ‪،‬‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻭﯾﺘﺎﺳــﯿﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬

‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥﻃﻮﺭ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻣــﺮ ﭼﺮﺧــﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻠﻘﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ‬

‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﯾﺪﻩ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ‬

‫ﺗﻀﻤﯿــﻦ ﻣﯽﮐﻨــﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ‬

‫ﺷــﯿﺮ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﮐﺎﻫــﺶ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺷــﯿﺮ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۳۲‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۶‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﯼﭘﺲ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﯿﻦ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ)ﻫﺎ( ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬

‫ﻫﯿﺪﺭﻭﻟﯿﮑﯽ ﻣﺴــﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸــﯽ‬

‫ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ ﺑﺮﻣﯽﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﺣﻔﻆ ﮐﻨــﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﯿﭻ ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﯾــﯽ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ )ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﻪ( ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﮐﻠﯿﺪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ‪ -‬ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷــﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ‬

‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸﯽ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗﻫــﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﮐﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴــﻤﺖ ﮐﻮﭼﮑــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟــﻪ ﺑﻪﻧﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﺮﮎﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻭﺭ‬

‫»ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ« ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﺯﺑﯿﻨﯽ‬

‫ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺸــﺘﺮﮎ ﻧﺸــﺎﻥ‬

‫ﮐﺮﺩ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﮐﺰﯾﻤﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﻨﯿﻤﻢ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﮐــﻪ ﻭﻗﺘﯽ ﺩﻭ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﻟﻮﻟــﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﺥ‬

‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿـﺰ ﻭ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﭼﯿﻠﺮ‬

‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺭﻭﺑﻪﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬

‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻣﺸــﺎﺑﻬﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭﻧــﺪ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻧﯽ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺷــﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﭘﻤﭗ ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﯾﯽ‬

‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺸــﺘﺮﮎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻨﮑﻪ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﮐﺪﺍﻡ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯼ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ‪/‬ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣــﯽ ﺟﺮﯾــﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻐﯿــﺮ ﺍﻭﻟﯿــﻪ‪/‬‬

‫ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾــﻪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﯼ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﻫﺪ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﮔﺮﺍﯾﺶ‬

‫ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨــﮏ ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪﯾــﻦ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺑــﺎ ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ‬

‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯼ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﻪ‪ ،‬ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸــﯽ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪) .‬ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ‪ 3‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺒﯿﻨﯿﺪ‪(.‬‬

‫ﺧﻨﮏ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺣﺴــﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ‪/‬ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾــﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﮐﻮﯾﻞﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﮐﺸﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎ )ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ( ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺷﯿﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻫﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﺳــﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴــﺎﺕ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﺧﻨﮏ ﯾﮑــﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﺳــﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺼــﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻋﻤﻠﯿــﺎﺕ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺣﺴــﺎﺏ ﻣﯽﺁﯾﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾــﻦ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﯾــﮋﻩﺍﯼ ﺷــﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺗﻀﻤﯿــﻦ ﮐﻨﺪ ﮐــﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴــﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧــﺮﮊﯼ ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﯾﯽ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﯿﺮ ﺟﺪﺍﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﭼﯿﻠﺮ‬ ‫ﭼﯿﻠﺮ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬

‫ﺷﯿﺮ ﺟﺪﺍﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﭼﯿﻠﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﭖ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ‬

‫ﭼﯿﻠﺮ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺘﻮﺭ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ‬

‫ﻣﺤﺮﮎﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺘﻮﺭ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺷﯿﺮ ﺑﺎﯼﭘﺲ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﭖ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﻪ‬

‫ﺷﯿﺮ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬

‫ﺷﯿﺮ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬

‫ﮐﻮﯾﻞ‬

‫ﮐﻮﯾﻞ‬

‫ﮐﻮﯾﻞ‬

‫ﮐﻮﯾﻞ‬

‫ﮐﻮﯾﻞ‬

‫ﮐﻮﯾﻞ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (2‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (3‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ‪/‬ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﻪ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۳۳‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۶‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺭﺍﺋــﻪ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽﻣﺪﺕ ﺧﺪﻣــﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺷــﺒﮑﻪﺍﯼ‬

‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﯾﮏ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﺍﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺧﻮﺩﮐﺎﺭ‪،‬‬

‫ﻣــﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺯﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗــﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﮕﯿﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾــﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻗﻠــﺐ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﻼﺵﻫﺎ ﻣﺤﺴــﻮﺏ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻋــﺚ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ ﮐــﻪ ﺗﺎﺑﻊﻫــﺎﯼ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭ‬

‫ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨﮏ‪ ،‬ﺁﻥ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺷﯽ‬

‫ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺑﻪﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﯾﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﮑﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻣﻌﯿﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺯﯾﺮ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ‬

‫ﺩﺳــﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻪﺩﻗــﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‬

‫● ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ‬

‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﮑﻮﺱ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬

‫ﺗﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺗﻀﻤﯿﻦ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ‬

‫ﺿﺮﻭﺭﯼ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺎﻥﻃﻮﺭﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴــﺎﺕ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬

‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‬

‫● ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭﯼ‬

‫ﺷــﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻨﺘــﺮﻝ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﭘﺮﺳــﻨﻞ ﮔﯿﺞﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺿﺮﻭﺭﯼ ﯾــﺎ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﯾــﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺩﯾﺠﯿﺘﺎﻟﯽ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻣﯿﮑﺮﻭﮐﺎﻣﭙﯿﻮﺗﺮ‬

‫ﻭ ﻣﺸــﮑﻼﺗﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺁﻥﻫــﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻧــﺮﮊﯼ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﯾﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ‬

‫)‪ (DDC‬ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﻪﻭﺟــﻮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨــﺎﺏ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺪﺭﻥ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﻣﻬﯿﺎ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭ ﺣﻔﺎﻇــﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ‬

‫● ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﭘﺮﺳﻨﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ‬

‫ﭼﯿﻠﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻤﺎﺕ ﮐﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺭﺍ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺩﻗﯿﻖ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴــﺎﺕ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﻭ ﻧﯿﺎﺯﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺗﻀﻤﯿــﻦ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﮐــﻪ ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۳۴‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۶‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﯾﺎ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺁﮔﺎﻫﯽ‬

‫ﺷــﻮﺩ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﯾﺪ ﺁﻧﻘﺪﺭ ﺗﮑﺮﺍﺭ ﺷــﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬

‫ﮐﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺫﺧﯿﺮﻩ ﮐــﺮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺭﺟﻮﻉ ﺩﺭ ﺁﯾﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺳــﻨﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺻﺮﻑ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻏﯿﺮﺿﺮﻭﺭﯼ ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ‬

‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺴــﺌﻠﻪ ﺟﺪﯼ ﺑﻪﻃــﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﻩ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ‪ DDC‬ﮐﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ‬

‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﯾﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻭﺩﯼ ﺑﻪﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﯽﺁﯾﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪،‬‬

‫● ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﺮﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖﻫــﺎﯼ ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻧﻮﯾﺴﯽ‬

‫ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﻮﻥ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑﭘﺬﯾــﺮ ﻭ ﻗﻮﯼ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴــﺎﺕ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴــﻪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ‬

‫ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﯾــﯽ ﺍﺗﺼــﺎﻝ ﺑــﻪ ﺷــﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨﮏ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﭼﯿﻠــﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺮﮎﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧــﺲ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ‬

‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨﮏ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬

‫ﻭ ﺷــﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﭘﺎﻭﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻪ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﮐﺎﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷــﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮐﺜــﺮ ﺭﻭﺵﻫــﺎﯼ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﯼ‬

‫ﭘﯿﺮﻭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ ﺁﯾﺘﻢ ﺯﯾﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫ﯾﮑﭙﺎﺭﭼﻪﮐــﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﺳــﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨﮏ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ‪ DDC‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ‬

‫ﭼﻮﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﭘﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﯾﮏ‬

‫ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﯼ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨﮏ‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ‪ BACnet‬ﺑﯿــﻦ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ)ﻫــﺎ( ﻭ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﯾﮏ ﺳﻨﺴــﻮﺭ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ‪ DDC‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﻨﺎ‬

‫ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨﮏ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑــﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺩﻻﯾــﻞ ‪ BACnet‬ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭﺗﮑﻞ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﮕﯿﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺳــﺎﺯﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﭼﯿﻠــﺮ ﻭ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﯼ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﯿﺎﺱ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ‬ ‫ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﺴــﺐ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﮐﻠــﯽ ﺍﻧــﺮﮊﯼ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﮑﺘﻪ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﯼ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺳﻨﺴــﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻭﺍﺕ ‪ -‬ﺳــﺎﻋﺖ ﺑــﺮ ﺭﻭﯼ ﻓﻦﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺮﺝ‪،‬‬ ‫ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻨﺪﺍﻧﺴﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﭼﯿﻠﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨــﮏ ﻧﺼــﺐ ﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺍﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﯾﺎ ﺩﻭ ﺳﻨﺴــﻮﺭ ﮐﯿﻠﻮ ﻭﺍﺕ ‪ -‬ﺳــﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﺑــﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑــﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﮐﻠﯽ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬

‫ﻓﺮﺻﺖﻫﺎ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ )‪DuPont‬‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﺳــﻨﺠﯿﺪ‪ .‬ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﺎﻫــﺶ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫــﺎﯼ‬

‫‪ (2000‬ﮐﻤــﮏ ﻣﯽﮐﻨــﺪ‪ .‬ﯾﮑﭙﺎﺭﭼﻪﮐﺮﺩﻥ‬

‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎﺕ ﭼﯿﻠﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬

‫ﭘﯿﺶ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻓﻦﻫﺎ ﻭ ﭘﻤﭗﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﭘﺮﺳــﻨﻞ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﮐﻤﮏ‬

‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ‪ -‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﺗــﺎ ﮐﺎﺭﺁﻣﺪﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﭼﯿﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ‬

‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﺭﺳﻢ ﻭ ﺭﯾﺎﺿﯿﺎﺕ ‪DDC‬‬

‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﯼ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴــﺎﺕ ﺁﺏ ﺧﻨــﮏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻏﻠــﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﯾــﮏ ﻣــﮑﺎﻥ ﺧــﺎﺹ ﻃﺮﺍﺣــﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﺍﯾﻨــﺪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﻭ ﺳــﺎﺧﺖ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻫﺮ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﯾــﺪ ﻭﻇﺎﯾﻔﺸــﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑــﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﯿﺖﺁﻣﯿﺰ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭼــﻮﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺍﻧﺴــﺎﻥ ﻫﺴــﺘﯿﻢ ﻭ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺧﻄﺎﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺭﺥ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﯼ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺯﯾﺮ ﮔﺮﺍﯾﺶ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫● ﺗﻀﻤﯿﻦ ﺍﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻃــﻮﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﻧﺼــﺐ ﺷــﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺯﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩﯼ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﻤﺎﻧﮑﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎ‬ ‫● ﺗﻀﻤﯿﻦ ﺍﯾﻨﮑــﻪ ﻫﺪﻑ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻭ ﻧﯿﺎﺯﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﮏ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺗﻀﻤﯿــﻦ ﺍﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﭘــﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺑﻪﻃــﻮﺭ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫● ﺗﻀﻤﯿﻦ ﺍﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﭘﺮﺳــﻨﻞ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺴــﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧــﺪﺍﺯﻩ‪ ،‬ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺩﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻇﺎﯾﻒ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﯾﻨﺪ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﯼ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻭﺳﯿﻌﯽ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻗﺒﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﻟﺖﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺳــﻄﻮﺡ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﯾﻨﺪ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧــﺪﺍﺯﯼ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻤــﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺷــﺮﺍﯾﻂ ﺑﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻋــﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻧﯿﺎﺯﻫــﺎﯼ ﺩﺳــﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﯽ‪،‬‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺳــﻨﻞ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺘــﺮﻝ ﮐﺎﺭﺍ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾــﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬

‫ﮐﻤﮏ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ‪ DDC‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺒﯽ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪ ،‬ﺯﻣﺎﻧﺒﻨﺪﯼ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﺭﯾﺎﺿﯽ ﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﮐﺜــﺮ ﮐﻠﯿﻨﯿﮏﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾــﻖ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻭ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﻌﻤﯿــﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺑﻪﻗﺪﺭ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ‬

‫ﺣﺎﺻﻠــﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪﺁﺳــﺎﻧﯽ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷــﺎﺕ‬

‫ﭘﯿﮑﯿﺞ ﯾﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺗﮑﺮﺍﺭ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﮐﺎﺭﺍﯾﯽ ﺗﻀﻤﯿﻦ‬

‫ﻣﻘﯿﺎﺱﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼ‪ ،‬ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳــﺒﻪ؛ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ‬

‫ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺠﻬﯿـﺰﺍﺕ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺸـﯽ ﺑـﺮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﮐﻠﯿﻨﯿﮏﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۳۵‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۶‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬

‫ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻯ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪HVAC water chillers and cooling towers :‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻧﺸﺮ ﯾﺰﺩﺍ‬

‫ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ )‪ (sp‬ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﯽ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﯾــﮏ ﯾﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻓﻦ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﯾﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺑﻪﻋﻨــﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﻭﺍﺑﺴــﺘﻪ ﻣﺤﺴــﻮﺏ‬

‫ﯾﮏ ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﯿﻐﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻤﯿﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻠﻮ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﯾﮏ ﻣﻮﻧﺘﺎﮊ ﻣﺤﺮﮎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺼﻮﯾــﺮ )‪ (4‬ﯾــﮏ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ ﻓﻦ‬

‫ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑــﺪ ﻭﻟــﯽ ﺩﺭ ﯾــﮏ ﻓﻦ ﺑــﺎ ﺗﯿﻐﻪﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺤﺮﮎ ﺭﺍ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬

‫ﺳــﺎﻧﺘﺮﯾﻔﯿﻮﮊ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﭼﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ‬

‫ﺧﻤﯿــﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻘﺐ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳــﺐ ﺑﯿﻦ ‪ 60‬ﺗﺎ‬

‫ﯾــﮏ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨــﺪﻩ ﺗﻬﻮﯾــﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﻓﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﯾﮏ ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﻓﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻃﺮﺡﺭﯾﺰﯼ‬

‫‪ 80‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﻣﺎﮐﺰﯾﻤﻢ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﮑﯽ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﺍﺕ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ‬

‫ﭘﯿﮏ )ﺍﻭﺝ( ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﯽﺭﺳــﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ‪ ،‬ﯾﮏ‬

‫ﻓﻦﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓــﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﯿﻐﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻤﯿﺪﻩ ﺑــﻪ ﺟﻠﻮ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬

‫ﻓﻦﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻮﻧﺘﺎﮊ ﻣﺤﺮﮎ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻧــﻮﻉ ﻓــﻦ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ﭘﯿﮏ )ﺍﻭﺝ( ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﯽ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﮑﯽ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺟــﺐ ُﺍﻭﺭ ُﻟﺪ )ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺿﺎﻓــﯽ( ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ‬

‫ﻓﻦﻫﺎﯼ ﺳــﺎﻧﺘﺮﯾﻔﯿﻮﮊ ﻭ ﻓﻦﻫــﺎﯼ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﺍﯼ‬

‫ﻓﻦﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ »ﺗﯿﻐﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻤﯿﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻘﺐ« ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻭﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺷــﻮﺩ ﻭﻟﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﻦ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭﯼ‪ .‬ﻫــﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻓــﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﮑﺶ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﯽ ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮ ﻭ ﮐﺴﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﯿﻐﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻤﯿﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻘﺐ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭﯼ ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻭﻟﯽ ﻓﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﺍﯼ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﻣﺎﮐﺰﯾﻤﻢ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻦ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬

‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺝ ﻣﮑﺶ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻓﻦ‬

‫ﺑــﺎ »ﺗﯿﻐﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻤﯿﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻠﻮ « ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ‬

‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ )‪ (sp‬ﻭ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﯽ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬

‫ﻣﺘﺎﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻓﻦﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﺮﯾﻔﯿﻮﮊ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺝﻫــﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨــﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺧﻤﯿﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳــﺐ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺑــﻪ ﺟﻠﻮ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷــﻨﺪ ﭼــﻮﻥ )‪ (1‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻓﻦﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﯿﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻦ ﻓﻦ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﺮﯾﻔﯿﻮﮊ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻫــﻮﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺑﺨــﺶ ﻣﺮﮐــﺰﯼ ﯾﮏ ﭼﺮﺥ‬

‫)ﺍﻟﻒ(‬

‫)ﺏ(‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧــﻪﺍﯼ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾــﻖ ﯾﮏ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﯽ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﯽ ‪90°‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻦﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﯾــﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﯼ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺴــﯿﺮ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫــﻮﺍﯼ ﻣﺴــﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷــﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪(3‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻓﻦ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸــﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﮑــﺮﺩ ﻓﻦ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴــﺐ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻗﯿﻘــﻪ )‪ (RPM‬ﻃﺮﺡﺭﯾﺰﯼ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪) (3‬ﺍﻟﻒ( ﻓﻦ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﺮﯾﻔﯿﻮﮊ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ )ﺏ( ﻓﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﺍﯼ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﯼ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۳۶‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۶‬‬

‫ﻧﺴــﺒﺘ ًﺎ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﻭ )‪ (2‬ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻥﺗﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺷﮑﻞ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ ﻓﻦ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺘﯽ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ )‪ 1‬ﺗﺎ ‪ (3‬ﺍﺭﺍﯾﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪ 2.4‬ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ ﻫﺎﺷــﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ‬

‫ﯾــﮏ ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮏ ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺩﺭﯾﮏ ﺑﺮﺝ‬

‫)‪(1‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧُﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﯾﮏ ﻓﻦ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﺮﯾﻔﯿﻮﮊ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ‬

‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺧﺎﺹ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬

‫)‪(2‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﯽ ﻓﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭ ﺛﺎﺑــﺖ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﺍﯼ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫)‪(3‬‬

‫ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﺗﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻓﻦ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺐ ﯾﮏ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻣﺸــﺨﺼﻪ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﻭ ﻓﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺩﻭ‬

‫ﻣﻌﯿــﻦ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺑﯿــﻦ ﻓﻦ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻫــﻮﺍﯼ ّ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﺪ‪) .‬ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬

‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﯾﺮ )‪ (5‬ﺗﺎ )‪ (7‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ‬

‫ﻭ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪(.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ )‪(sp‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺍﺑــﻂ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﯽ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺭﺯﯾﺎﺑــﯽ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﯾﮏ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤﯽ‬

‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﺍﺕ ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﻓﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭ‬

‫ﻣﻌﯿــﻦ ﻫــﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨــﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ّ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﯿﻦ ﻓﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﻨﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﮕﯿﺮﯾﺪ‪ .‬ﺑــﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤﯽ‪،‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤﯽ )‪ (CFM‬ﯾﺎ ﻓﻮﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﮑﻌﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﯿﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻤ ًﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ )‪(sp‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ ﻭﻟﯽ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒــ ًﺎ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻓﻦ ) ‪ RPM‬ﯾﺎ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﯿﻘﻪ( ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬

‫ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (6‬ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺸــﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻦ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .2‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ )‪ (sp‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﻦ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ﺑــﻪ ﮐﺮﮐﺮﻩﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫‪ .3‬ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳــﺐ ﺗﺮﻣــﺰﯼ )‪ BHP‬ﯾــﺎ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﯼ ﮐﺜﯿــﻒ ﯾﺎ ﺭﺳــﻮﺏ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﮔــﯽ( ﺑــﺎ ﻣﮑﻌﺐ ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﻓﻦ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺧﻠــﯽ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻏﯿﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﯾﮏ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ‬

‫ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺸــﺨﺼﻪ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﯿــﺎﻥ ﺭﯾﺎﺿﯽ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﯿﻦ ﻓــﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬

‫ﻫﻤﯿﻦﻃﻮﺭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻓﻦ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﯾﮏ‬

‫ﻭﺿﻌﯿــﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺣﻠــﻪ »‪ «1‬ﻭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠــﻪ »‪«2‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻫــﺮ ﻭﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﺟﺮﯾــﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ BHP‬ﺗﺌﻮﺭﯾﮑــﯽ ﻓﻦ ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ )‪(4‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪(4‬‬ ‫‪BHP  CFM(0.0003  SP /  6346EFF  ‬‬

‫ﮐﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﯽ ﻓــﻦ ﺳــﺎﻧﺘﺮﯾﻔﯿﻮﮊ ﺧﻤﯿﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺐ ‪EFF= 0.7‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﯽ ﻓﻦ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﺮﯾﻔﯿﻮﮊ ﺧﻤﯿﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻠﻮ‬ ‫‪EFF= 0.6‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﯽ ﻓﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﺍﯼ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﯼ‬ ‫‪EFF = 0.7‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺐ ﺗﺮﻣﺰﯼ ﮐﻞ ‪= BHP‬‬ ‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﮐﻞ ﺑﺮﺝ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺕ ﻣﮑﻌﺐ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻗﯿﻘﻪ ‪= CFM‬‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﯾﻨﭻ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺁﺏ ‪= SP‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺐ ﯾﺎ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﯽ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﯾﻨﭻ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ ﯾﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻓﻦ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﭼﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﯾﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻓﻦ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﺍﯾﺞﺗﺮﯾــﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻡ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳــﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ ﺗﯿﻐﻪﻫﺎ ﯾــﺎ ﺟﺪﺍﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﺴﯿﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻫﺮ ﻓﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺷــﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ ﻓﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴــﯿﺮ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻓﻦ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫‪(cfm‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﻮﺕ ﻣﮑﻌﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﯿﻘﻪ ))‪cfm‬‬

‫ﺩﻣﭙﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﮑﺶ ﻣﻌﮑﻮﺱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﻫﺮ ﻓﻦ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷــﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (4‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩﯼ ﻓﻦﻫﺎﯼ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‪ (1) :‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﻮﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﮑﻌﺐ ‪ /‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ؛ )‪ (2‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺐ ﺗﺮﻣﺰﯼ ؛ )‪ (3‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﯽ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﮑﯽ‬

‫ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﻣﻌﮑﻮﺱ ﻓﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۳۷‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۶‬‬

‫)ﺍﻟﻒ(ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﯾﻨﭻ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺳــﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺩﺭﯾﭽﻪﺩﺍﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺴــﯿﺮ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺳــﯿﻢﭘﯿﭻﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺗــﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﮏ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﯾﺎ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺑﯿﺮﻭﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﭘﻮﺵﺩﺍﺭ )ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ‪.(ODP‬‬ ‫‪ .2‬ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺷــﻔﺖ ﯾــﮏ ّ‬ ‫ﺗﮑﻪ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻮﺳــﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﻮﺕ ﻣﮑﻌﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﯿﻘﻪ‬ ‫)ﺍﻟﻒ(‬

‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﻪ ﮔــﺮﺩﺵ ﺩﺭﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻓﻦ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﯾﻨﭻ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨــﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧــﻞ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﯼ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ )ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ‪.(TEFC‬‬ ‫ﭘــﺮﻩﺩﺍﺭ ﺿﺪ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬ ‫‪ .3‬ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺳــﺘﻪ ّ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺩﻓﻊ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ )ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ‪.(TEAO‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫــﺎﯼ ‪ ODP‬ﻫﺮﮔــﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨــﺪﻩ ﺑــﮑﺎﺭ ﻧﻤﯽﺭﻭﻧــﺪ ﺯﯾــﺮﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﯿﻂﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﯿﺮﻭﻧــﯽ ﻭ ﻣﮑﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣــﯽ ﻧﺸــﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺧﯿﻠﯽ ﺳــﺮﯾﻊ ﺍﺯ ﮐﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﻮﺕ ﻣﮑﻌﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﯿﻘﻪ‬ ‫)ﺏ(‬

‫ﻣﯽﺍﻓﺘﻨــﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫــﺎﯼ‪ TEFC‬ﻧﻮﻋــ ًﺎ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ‪) 5‬ﺍﻟﻒ( ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‪ :‬ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ )ﺏ( ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﻓﻦ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‪ :‬ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴــﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫‪ TEFC‬ﻭ ‪ TEAO‬ﺍﺯ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯼ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﯾﻨﭻ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ‪ ODP‬ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ‬

‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﻮﺕ ﻣﮑﻌﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﯿﻘﻪ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ‪) 6‬ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ ‪ A‬ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ ‪B‬‬

‫ﭼﯿﻠــﺮ ﺟﺬﺑــﯽ ﮔﺎﺯﺳــﻮﺯ‬

‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ًﻻ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺍﺋﻤ ًﺎ ﺗﺎ ‪ 15‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺿﺎﻓﯽ )ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ُﺍﻭﺭ ُﻟﺪ( ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻭﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ‪ ODP‬ﺧﯿﻠﯽ ﺯﻭﺩ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﯽ )ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ُﺍﻭﺭ ُﻟﺪ(‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻧﯿﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ »ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮ« ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻧــﺮﮊﯼ ﻓﻦ ﺑــﻪ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ‪ 4.6‬ﺗــﺎ ‪ 6.8‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﯽ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫»ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺴــﯿﺎﺭ ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮ« ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ‪ 1‬ﺗﺎ ‪3‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺭﺍ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۳۸‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۶‬‬

‫ﺑﺰﺭﮔــﯽ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺴــﺘﮕﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﯽ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﯾﻨﭻ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨــﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺑــﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨــﺪﻩ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻣــﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺯﯾﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﻗــﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﻤﯽﮔﯿــﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﭼﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﯾــﺪ ﻓﻦﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺮﺝ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺷﻦﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻟﯽ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ‪ A‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪(1‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﺷﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﻋﺖ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﺘﻮﻥ‬

‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﻮﺕ ﻣﮑﻌﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﯿﻘﻪ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ‪) 6‬ﺏ( ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ ‪ 1‬ﺗﺎ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ‬ ‫‪.2‬‬

‫‪ B‬ﺣﺎﺻﻞﺿــﺮﺏ ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜــﺮ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺭﻭﺷــﻦ‬ ‫ﺷــﺪﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ‪ WK2‬ﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺳــﺘﻮﻥ ‪ 2‬ﺣﺪﺍﻗــﻞ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ‬ ‫ﺑــﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴــﺐ ﺛﺎﻧﯿــﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﯿﻦ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﯾﻨﭻ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺁﺏ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺷﻦﺷﺪﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ ﻓﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ‪1‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ ﻓﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ‪2‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫‪(cfm‬‬ ‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﻮﺕ ﻣﮑﻌﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﯿﻘﻪ ))‪cfm‬‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (7‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻦ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ )ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﯼ(‬

‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺭﻭﺷــﻦ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ A‬ﻭ ‪ B‬ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺑﺮ ‪WK2‬ﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪: WK2).‬ﺍﺛﺮ ﭼﺮﺥ ﻟﻨﮕﺮ(‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (1‬ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺷــﻦ‬ ‫ﺷــﺪﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻣــﺪﺕ ﺧﺎﻣــﻮﺵ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ‪ 1800‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﯿﻘﻪ ‪ 60‬ﻫﺮﺗﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۳۹‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۶‬‬

‫ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﺎﻫــﺶ ﻓﺮﺳــﻮﺩﮔﯽ ﻭ ﺗﻌــﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺷــﻦ ﺷﺪﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ‬

‫ﻣﺤﺮﮎﻫـﺎﯼ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﮑـﯽ ) ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﯼ‬ ‫ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﮑﯽ(‬

‫ﻣﺤﺮﮎﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮﮎﻫــﺎﯼ ﺗﺴــﻤﻪﺍﯼ )ﺗﺼﻮﯾــﺮ ‪(8‬‬

‫ﮐﻨﺘــﺮﻝ ﻇﺮﻓﯿــﺖ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑــﺮﺝ‪ ،‬ﻣﯽﺗــﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺘــﯽ ﮐــﻪ ﻗــﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻦﻫــﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺑﻪﺻــﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒــﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻨــﻮﻉ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻪ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺩﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺳــﺎﻧﺘﺮﯾﻔﯿﻮﮊ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬

‫ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐــﺮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬

‫‪ 1750‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 1800‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﯿﻘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻤ ًﺎ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻭﻇﯿﻔﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠــﺎﻡ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ :‬ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺗﮏ ﺳــﯿﻢ ﭘﯿﭽﻪ ﯾﺎ ﺩﻭ ﺳــﯿﻢ ﭘﯿﭽﻪ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ‬

‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻦﻫﺎ ﻭ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻦﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺳــﺮﻋﺖﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﻓﻦ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺁﻫﺴــﺘﻪﺗﺮ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﺯﯾﺮﺍ ﺍﻓﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮐﻨﺪ ﻭﻟﯽ‬

‫ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﺗﯿﮏ )‪ (SP‬ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎ ﮐﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ )‪ 1‬ﺍﯾﻨﭻ‬

‫ﭘﻮﻟﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ‬

‫ﺳــﺘﻮﻥ ﺁﺏ ﯾﺎ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ( ﻭ ﻧﯿــﺎﺯﯼ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻦﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻣﻌﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪) .‬ﭘﻮﻟﯽ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑــﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ّ‬

‫ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﺯﯾــﺎﺩ ﻧﯿﺴــﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﻭ ﻧــﻮﻉ ﻣﺤﺮﮎ‬

‫ﻗﻄــﺮ ‪ 5‬ﺍﯾﻨﭻ ﻭ ﭘﻮﻟﯽ ﻓﻦ ﺑــﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ 10‬ﺍﯾﻨﭻ‬

‫ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﮑﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ(‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﺯﻧﻈــﺮ ﺗﺎﺭﯾﺨﯽ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺮﮎﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺴــﻤﻪﺍﯼ ‪V‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫــﺎﯼ ﺗــﮏ ﺳــﯿﻢﭘﯿﭽﻪ ﺍﺯ ﮐﻞ‬ ‫ﺳــﯿﻢﭘﯿﭻ ﺧــﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﮐﻢ ﯾــﺎ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﻭﻟﯽ ﺗﻌــﺪﺍﺩ ﻗﻄﺐﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ‪ 8‬ﻗﻄﺐ ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﮐــﻢ ﺑﻪ ‪ 4‬ﻗﻄﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﻮﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺗــﻮﺭ ﺗﺎﺑــﻊ ﺗﻌــﺪﺍﺩ ﻗﻄﺐ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﮐﻢ ﻫﻤﯿﺸــﻪ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳــﺖ‪) .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺜــﺎﻝ ‪ 900/1800‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻗﯿﻘﻪ(‪ .‬ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻭ ﺳﯿﻢﭘﯿﭽﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺳﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﭻ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﯾﮑﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ ﻭ ﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﮐﻢ ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺘﯿﺎﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﺯﯾﺎﺩ ﻭ ﮐﻢ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ‪ 2‬ﺑﻪ ‪ 1‬ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﯽﺗــﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﺠــﺰﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺗﮏ ﺳﯿﻢﭘﯿﭽﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ ﻭ ﯾﮑﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﮐﻢ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ‪ 2‬ﺑﻪ ‪ .1‬ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﮐﻢ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﯾﮏ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺐ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﺯﯾﺎﺩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﮐﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﺯﮔــﺮﺩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﻋﮑﺲ ﺁﻥ ﻧﯿــﺰ ﺻﺎﺩﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻫﺮﺯﮔــﺮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨــﻮﺍﻥ ﮊﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﺯﯾﺮﺍ ﺟﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺗﺤﺮﯾﮏ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺭﺍﻧﺸــﯽ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺘﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺮﮎﻫﺎﯼ ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺲ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ )ﯾﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫‪VFD‬ﻫﺎ( ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻓﻦ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﯾﺎ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﺍﺭﺯﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ - ۴۰‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۴۶‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪،‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﻘــﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﯼ ﺗﺒﺪﯾــﻞ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪) .‬ﯾﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ‪ 90°‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪﺍﯼ( ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﻓﻦ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮﮎﻫــﺎﯼ ﮔﯿﺮﺑﻮﮐﺴــﯽ ﻧﻮﻋــ ًﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻓﻦﻫﺎﯼ ‪ 50‬ﺍﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑــﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭﻭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾــﻦ ﻣﺤﺮﮎﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮﺑﻮﮐﺲﻫــﺎﯼ ﻣﺎﺭﭘﯿﭽﯽ ﯾﺎ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﯽ ﭘﺦﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿــﺰﺍﻥ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺳــﺐ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﯾﮏ ﯾﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﯼ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (8‬ﻣﻮﻧﺘﺎﮊ ﻣﺤﺮﮎ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ )ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﯿﻤﻮﺭ(‬

‫ﻋﻤﺮﯾﮏ ﻣﺤﺮﮎ ﮔﯿﺮﺑﻮﮐﺴﯽ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪﺍﺭﯼ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺤﯽ ﯾﺎ ﺳــﺨﺘﯽ ﺳــﺎﯾﺶ ﮔﯿﺮﺑﻮﮐﺲ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺳــﺎﻋﺖ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺴــﺘﮕﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﻤــﻦ ﺳــﺎﺯﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﮔﯿﺮﺑﻮﮐــﺲ ﺁﻣﺮﯾــﮑﺎ‬ ‫)‪ (AGMA‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ 420‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﺮﻋﺖﮔﯿﺮﺑﻮﮐﺲ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﮐــﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﺮﮎﻫــﺎﯼ ﮔﯿﺮﺑﻮﮐﺴــﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺝﻫــﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨــﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﯾــﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑــﻖ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ AGMA 420‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨــﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ CTI .‬ﺍﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ 111‬ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺮﮎﻫﺎﯼ ﮔﯿﺮﺑﻮﮐﺴــﯽ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﯾﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ )‪ (9‬ﻣﻮﻧﺘﺎﮊ ﻣﺤﺮﮎ ﮔﯿﺮﺑﻮﮐﺴﯽ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ )ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻣﺎﺭﻟﯽ(‬

‫ﺷــﮑﻞ ﭼﻨﺪﺗﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑــﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷــﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺴﻤﻪﻫﺎﯼ ‪V‬‬

‫ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﻪ ﯾﺎ ﻟﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑــﺎ ﭘﻮﻟﯽﻫﺎﯾﺶ ﻗﻔﻞ‬

‫ﺷــﮑﻞ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﻪﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ‪ 3‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪﯼ‬

‫ﺷــﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻐﺰﺵ ﻭ ﺻﺪﺍﯼ ﺟﯿﺮﺟﯿﺮ ﺯﯾﺎﺩ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘــﺎﻝ ﺗــﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﯽﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﯾــﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‪،‬‬

‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺭﺕ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻪﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻧﮕﻪﺩﺍﺭﯼ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻣﺤﺮﮎﻫﺎﯼ ﮔﯿﺮﺑﻮﮐﺴﯽ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﺤﺮﮎ ﻫﺎﯼ ﮔﯿﺮﺑﻮﮐﺴــﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺑﺎﯾﺪﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫‪ 100000-hr L-10‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ L-10 .‬ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺕ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ‪ 90‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﯾﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺸﯽ ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﮐﻢ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﺧﻨﮏ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒــﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ًﻻ ﺍﯾﻦ‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﯾﻞ ﻫﻢﺭﺍﺳــﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﻭ ﮐﺸﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ‪V‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺮﮎﻫــﺎﯼ ﮔﯿﺮﺑﻮﮐﺴــﯽ )ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ‪(9‬‬

‫ﺍﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺩﻫــﺪ ﮐﻪ ﯾﺎﺗﺎﻗﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﻫﺮ ‪15‬‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ‬

‫ﺑــﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﺑــﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭﻭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺗﺎ ‪ 25‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻮﯾﺾ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬

‫ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺝﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ »ﺗﺴﻤﻪ‬

‫ﺍﯾﻨﺠﺎ‪ ،‬ﯾﮏ ﺷﻔﺖ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﮔﯿﺮﺑﻮﮐﺲ‬

‫ﺭﻭﻏــﻦﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﮔﯿﺮﺑﻮﮐﺲ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﭼﻨﺎﻥ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﮑﯽ« ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺳــﻪ ﻭﻇﯿﻔــﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﺭﺍﺳﺖﮔﺮﺩ ﻭ ﭼﭗﮔﺮﺩ‬

‫ﺗﮑﯽ ﺧﯿﻠﯽ ﭘﻬﻦﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺴــﻤﻪ ‪ V‬ﺷــﮑﻞ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺩﻫــﺪ‪ :‬ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺤــﺮﮎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻦ‬

‫ﻓﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭼﯿﻠــﺮ ﺟﺬﺑــﯽ ﮔﺎﺯﺳــﻮﺯ‬