BTX Handbook 2024

BT X EXCELLENCE BUILD TRADE

THE ESSENTIAL BOOK

THE FUTURE OF THE INDUSTRY IS YOURS

REACHING THE NEXT GENERATION OF THE UK CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

EDITOR: CELIA MATTHEWS celia.matthews@sng-publishing.co.uk

SENIOR GRAPHIC DESIGNER: LEE OWEN design@sng-publishing.co.uk

SENIOR DIGITAL CONTENT EXECUTIVE: PHOEBE MANSFIELD phoebe.mansfield@sng-publishing.co.uk

PARTNERSHIP DEVELOPMENT MANAGER:

PATRICK BLORE patrick.blore@sng-publishing.co.uk

PARTNERSHIP DEVELOPMENT MANAGER: SARAH HERNE sarah.herne@sng-publishing.co.uk

EVENT MANAGER:

SAMANTHA COLE samantha.cole@sng-publishing.co.uk

MANAGING DIRECTOR:

ZOË TANNER zoe.tanner@sng-publishing.co.uk

PRINTERS: Stephens & George, Wales

GENERAL ENQUIRIES

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DISCLAIMER

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No part of BTX may be copied, transmitted or published in any form or by any means without prior permission.

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WELCOME TO THE FIRST EDITION OF BUILD TRADE EXCELLENCE (BTX)!

Congrats on choosing a career in construction! You’re on your way to becoming a skilled pro in an ever-needed industry, and BTX is here to support you every step of the way.

Backed by college lecturers and industry pros, this handbook is your go-to guide for excellence. Inside, you’ll find tips for finding apprenticeships, acing interviews, and key health and safety info, including PPE essentials. Plus, test your industry know-how with our A-Z glossary!

Whether you’re aiming to be a bricklayer, carpenter, plasterer, painter or roofer, your role is super important. The industry’s strength lies in each trade supporting one another. We’re all about embracing diversity, teamwork and enjoying the journey!

Stay connected! Follow us on social media and use #BTXskills to share your progress, get tips, and connect with fellow students.

Here’s to the beginning of your awesome career in construction!

CAREERS IN CONSTRUCTION

BUSTING CONSTRUCTION MYTHS

The UK construction scene isn't just about hard hats and dirt anymore. It's a hotbed of innovation and big opportunities, where many are bossing it as entrepreneurs.

ere, Danny Clarke, Head of Engagement at CITB (Construction Industry Training Board), with his extensive experience in the industry, helps clear up some common myths you might have heard:

HMYTH OR TRUTH

MYTH: Construction is all about danger and risk.

TRUTH: Safety's top priority on UK sites. We're leading Europe in health and safety standards, ensuring a secure working environment for all involved.

MYTH: It's all about manual labour.

TRUTH: Think bigger! Construction's got over 186 different roles, from hands-on trades to leading-edge green tech and sustainability. Whatever your vibe, there's a spot for you to shine.

MYTH: No room for women in construction.

TRUTH: Totally false. Over 320,000 women are making big moves in the industry, making up 18.8% of the workforce. It's all about inclusivity and equal opportunities for women to excel.

“Over 320,000 women are making big moves in the industry, making up 18.8% of the workforce”

“Apprenticeships are a launching pad to a variety of careers in construction”

MYTH: Construction lacks professionalism.

TRUTH: Couldn't be more wrong! Respect and responsibility are cornerstones in construction culture. Many companies implement strict codes of conduct, aiming to keep things professional and accountable at every level.

MYTH: Construction careers lack financial stability.

TRUTH: The financial rewards in construction are substantial. Expect well-paid roles with lots of chances to climb up the career ladder.

MYTH: Construction's bad for communities.

TRUTH: Actually, it's the opposite. Construction projects boost community development, considering local needs, enhancing infrastructure, and creating jobs. It's a key player in shaping everything from hospitals to homes.

MYTH: It's stuck in the past with old-school methods.

TRUTH: Far from it! The industry's all about cutting-edge tech and methods, like drone surveys, eco-friendly materials, and AI in risk management. It's leading the way in innovation.

MYTH: Apprenticeships are a dead-end.

TRUTH: Apprenticeships are a launching pad to a variety of careers in construction. They offer hands-on experience, industry connections, and open doors to more opportunities. In fact, many big construction company CEOs started their careers as apprentices.

Joining the construction industry means being part of a revolution, not just building structures but shaping society. Being part of this industry means you're building the world we live in.

“We're leading Europe in health and safety standards”

WHY CONSTRUCTION?

The Construction Industry is where opportunity, learning, and fun all come together. Ready to put on that hard hat? Here are our top ten reasons why construction is for you.

TOP 10 REASONS

1. SO MANY CHOICES!

Whether you enjoy being hands-on or prefer managing big projects, construction's got you covered with heaps of different opportunities.

2. CHA-CHING!

Did you know construction workers in the UK earn an average of £38,871 a year? And if you're just starting, you could earn between £17,000 and £25,000. Not too shabby, right?

3. ALWAYS IN DEMAND

Trust us, skilled builders are always needed. This means you've got job security that's as solid as the buildings you'll work on.

4. CLIMBING UP FAST

Fancy a quick career boost? Enter skills competitions to show off your skills and commitment, and you'll find yourself moving up the ladder in no time.

5. BUILDING DREAMS

Imagine saying, "I helped build that!" every time you pass by a cool building you worked on. That's some real pride right there.

6. GENDER EQUALITY

With over 320,000 females working in construction, it’s all about smashing stereotypes and promoting gender equality.

7. SAVING THE PLANET

If you're all about a greener future, construction’s where you belong! With renewable materials, every project can shape a more sustainable world.

8. SAFETY FIRST

You'll become a pro at keeping things safe and sound on-site. It's a big deal, and you'll be part of it.

9. TECH & INNOVATION Construction is all about learning new tech and hey, who doesn't love feeling smarter every day?

10. BEST MATES AT WORK

You'll team up with loads of different people, creating lasting friendships. It's like being part of a big construction family!

“It's all about getting better. Soak up advice like a sponge”

APPRENTICESHIP SUCCESS TIPS

Just started your apprenticeship? Check out these game-changing tips to help build that solid foundation for your career.

SUCCESS TIPS

1. LEARN THE ROPES

Keep your eyes on the pros - learn the rules and etiquette. Safety, teamwork, the works!

2. SAFETY FIRST

Always gear up properly and speak up. If in doubt, just ask!

3. WELCOME FEEDBACK

It's all about getting better. Soak up advice like a sponge.

4. NETWORK, NETWORK, NETWORK Make connections; they're invaluable for your career path.

5. SHOW YOUR SPARK

Be the early bird, the dependable one, who's always keen for more.

6. THEORY MATTERS TOO

Understand the 'why' behind the 'how.' It’s crucial for your growth.

7. UPSKILL NOW

Get your hands on a variety of tasks. The more skills you have, the better.

8. STAY IN THE KNOW

Construction's always changing. Stay on top of trends and tech.

9. GRAB YOUR CSCS CARD

Once you’re qualified, it's your golden ticket to show you're ready for on-site work.

10. THINK AHEAD

After your apprenticeship, what's next? Extra courses can boost your career.

Remember, this apprenticeship is just the start of your awesome journey in construction.

“make every day count!”

GEARING UP

The UK construction industry is gearing up for an exciting future! According to Glenigan, a construction insights company, the UK construction industry is anticipated to see a 12% increase in 2024 and a further 3% in 2025.

SCAN HERE

To work on-site you will need a CSCS card. Find out more by watching this short video

3-STEP GUIDE: APPRENTICESHIPS

Looking for that first job in the construction industry can be daunting. Here's a 3-step guide to help you secure an apprenticeship with confidence.

STEP 1

DISCOVERING JOB OPPORTUNITIES

Searching for the right apprenticeship job opportunity will be your first step. Here's where to start:

1. COLLEGE SUPPORT:

Take advantage of your college resources. Your college's apprenticeship officer or careers advisor should be able to connect you with employers known to the college for potential apprenticeship vacancies.

2. WORK EXPERIENCE:

Gaining work experience through a trial period can be a gateway to an apprenticeship. It's an excellent opportunity to earn a good reference, or in some cases, it might directly lead to an apprenticeship offer.

3. ONLINE RESOURCES:

A primary resource is www.gov.uk/applyapprenticeship. This platform allows you to search based on your location and industry preference. Remember to set up alerts for new postings, as opportunities can arise at any time.

STEP 2

MAKING YOUR APPLICATION STAND OUT

The next step is filling out a job application that gets you noticed for all the right reasons. Here’s how:

1. PERSONALISE YOUR APPLICATION:

Ditch the one-size-fits-all approach. Each application should be tailored to that specific job role, showcasing the experiences and skills that make you the right fit for that particular job.

2. SHOW YOUR ENTHUSIASM:

Your passion for the construction industry can be your edge. Include any relevant projects or experiences, such as representing your college in a skills competition. This displays a genuine interest and willingness to grow in the industry.

3. INCLUDE RELEVANT QUALIFICATIONS:

If you have any industry-specific qualifications, like a CSCS card, make sure they’re front and centre. It's a clear signal that you’re prepared and knowledgeable about the essentials of the industry.

4. SHOW ATTENTION TO DETAIL:

A well-proofread application is non-negotiable. It shows that you're thorough and take your job application seriously.

“Get the word out that you are looking for work!”

STEP 3

WHAT’S AN APPRENTICESHIP?

“An apprenticeship is a real job where you learn, gain experience and get paid. You’re an employee with a contract of employment and holiday leave. By the end of an apprenticeship, you'll have the right skills and knowledge needed for your chosen career.”

IF YOU CAN’T FIND AN APPRENTICESHIP RIGHT AWAY

It's important to remember that finding the right apprenticeship can take time. Here’s what to do:

1. KEEP APPLYING:

Persistence is key. Continue applying and tailoring each application to the specific job role. Your perseverance will pay off.

2. EXPAND YOUR SEARCH: Sometimes, looking a little outside your initial preference can open up unexpected opportunities.

3. SEEK FEEDBACK:

If possible, ask for feedback on unsuccessful applications. This can provide valuable insights for future applications.

4. NETWORK AND CONNECT: Attend industry events, visit your local builders merchant, and get the word out that you are looking for work. Networking can often lead to opportunities.

5. STAY POSITIVE:

Remember, each application is a step closer to your goal. Stay focused and keep pushing forward.

Securing an apprenticeship is a journey of persistence, learning, and personal growth. Staying motivated with a positive attitude, will help in laying the groundwork for a rewarding career in construction.

“Before sending off your job application, make sure you spell check it”

Source: Apprenticeships, HM Government

GET READY TO IMPRESS

Heading to your first job interview? Here are our top tips for making a great first impression.

BEFORE THE INTERVIEW

1 DO YOUR HOMEWORK

Dig a little into the company's background before the interview. Show them you're not just there for a paycheck –you've done your homework and know what they're all about. It's a big thumbs-up for employers when you show you're genuinely interested.

2 SEARCH THEIR WEBSITE

Give their website a good look-over. Understand what they offer and what makes them different. This isn’t just scrolling; it’s strategic preparation. Make notes of anything you think is important.

3 CHECK THEIR SOCIAL MEDIA

Companies love to showcase their work on socials, plus you’ll see how they interact with customers and whether they have happy customers or not! It’s like getting a sneak peek into their world.

4 QUESTIONS = SECRET WEAPON

Remember, an interview is a two-way process, so make sure you have a few questions at the ready. Ask about how the company supports new starters or apprentices, and the specifics of the role. Be prepared to explain why you’re a great fit for the job, focusing on qualities like reliability, teamwork, and a positive attitude.

“Answer honestly, rather than trying to second-guess what they want to hear”

Hold your head high –you got this!

AT THE INTERVIEW

1 DRESS TO IMPRESS

No need to suit up like you’re going to a wedding, but dress neatly. Clean and tidy workwear is perfectly fine. Your appearance shows that you take the interview and the opportunity seriously.

2 STAY CALM

Take a sec to breathe deep and relax. The interviewer isn’t there to trip you up. Just be yourself and speak your truth. No need to play mind games guessing what they want to hear. Answer questions honestly and authentically.

3 BE CONFIDENT

Sit up straight, make eye contact, and show confidence in your abilities. Even if you’re nervous, which is completely natural, believe in yourself - you’ve earned this opportunity. Hold your head high – you got this.

4 ASK YOUR QUESTIONS

Remember to ask the questions you’ve prepared. This shows your interest in the company and the job role. And if something pops up during the chat that sparks your curiosity, just ask. This is also your opportunity to see if they’re the right fit for you.

DID YOU KNOW?

■ The average job interview lasts between 30 and 45 minutes

■ 40% of employers would reject a candidate if they showed no enthusiasm

■ A lack of understanding of the role is the most common reason for rejecting a candidate.

BE A PRO!

Being professional is a simple way to impress your customers and earn that all-important recommendation.

1 TURN UP ON TIME

Being punctual shows that you’re reliable. Showing up late is not going to endear you to a customer who has potentially waited all morning for you to arrive. If you’re running late through no fault of your own, call ahead to let your customer know you’ve been delayed.

“Look after

your

customers and they’ll look after you!”

2 RESPECT YOUR CUSTOMER’S PROPERTY

Show your respect for people’s property by taking off your shoes if you’re entering their home. If you need to wear shoes for the job, wear shoe covers. Remember to put down protective floor covers wherever you work indoors, and clean up afterwards.

3 LOOK THE PART

Dressing smartly suggests professionalism from the outset. A polo shirt with your company logo on it is much better than a tatty old t-shirt. Make sure you are wearing the allimportant PPE for the job in hand.

4 MANNERS COST NOTHING

Something as simple as saying ‘please’ and ‘thank you’ can make a real difference to how a customer sees you. Listen to your customer and be sympathetic to their concerns, no matter how trivial they may seem to you. You may need to be more patient with elderly customers.

5 CLEAR COMMUNICATION

Always keep your customer informed about the progress of the work, any changes in plans, and potential delays. If there are issues or complications, be honest and provide solutions. Good communication builds trust and demonstrates that you value your customer's peace of mind.

SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION

NO CAP: YOU NEED TOE CAPS

Each year, around 7,000 construction workers are injured following a slip or trip at work.

Safety boots are an essential part of your PPE and wearing them should always take priority. They are designed to protect your feet from any hazards or obstacles you might face when working on a construction site or in a domestic property. Here’s what you should consider when choosing a pair.

GRIP

Professional safety boots will offer adequate grip so that when you are walking on slippery or uneven surfaces, you’ll avoid tripping or slipping and potentially longterm injury. Slips, trips or falls are the second most common type of workplace accident in Great Britain.

TOE CAPS

Steel toecaps, or a similarly tough composite toe, will protect against dropped objects. Both a steel and composite toe must provide 200 joules of protection. Remember, the bones and tendons in your foot are delicate and damage could put you out of action for months, which means no money.

ANKLE SUPPORT

You’ll also need to protect yourself against twisted ankles, which means opting for work boots with enough ankle support. The weight of safety boots can put additional strain on the ankles which makes that extra support

This normally consists of a steel plate that protects against puncture or penetration — if you tread on a nail, for example.

Always check boots feature the CE mark which shows they comply with the Personal Protective Equipment Regulations Act 2002.

“Slips, trips or falls are the second most common type of workplace accident in Great Britain”

WORK FIT, STAY LIT

Want to stay safe, be comfy, and while keeping it 100% profesh. Read on... #DressSmartStayLit.

DURABLE MATERIAL

Professional work trousers will contain durable material, such as Cordura. This stuff's legit tough against rips and scratches, but still lets you move like you're in a TikTok dance challenge.

REINFORCED STRESS AREAS

Key stress areas, such as knees and seams, should be triple-stitched for added resilience. Some have that EVA foam padding to give your knees that extra love during those tough jobs.

“protect your knees!”

OUTER POCKETS

Outer pockets are the real MVP for your tools. Keep all those essential tools close to hand. No more wasting time searching!

KNEE PAD POCKETS

Got knee pads? Slide them into these special pockets. Perfect for when you're working down low and want to avoid those "Ouch!" moments.

HEALTH & SAFETY AT WORK

Keeping safe, while on the job, is a big deal in construction and will be part of your daily routine.

T(HASAWA) of 1974 is your go-to rule book for staying safe. You've got to stick to its rules for your own good and for everyone else on-site.

“Always use the correct PPE and keep things clean”

KEY THINGS TO REMEMBER FROM HASAWA

■ When you're working in someone's house, their safety is in your hands. That place is your workplace.

■ Keeping the work area safe from hazards is your responsibility and those you work with. It's everyone's job.

■ Your boss will give you safety equipment, but you've still got to use it correctly and look after it. Remember, you still need to maintain safety as your boss cannot cater for negligence, if you’re not being careful.

COMMON DANGERS FOR CONSTRUCTION WORKERS

WORKING AT HEIGHTS

Working up high, like on scaffolding, roofs or in attics, means you could fall. Always check that where you're standing is secure and safe. Never stand on a surface unless you’re 100% it’s safe.

EXPOSURE TO NOISE

Tools and machinery can be extremely loud, and create more decibels of sound than the human ear can safely be exposed to. Protect your ears with earplugs or ear defenders.

HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES

You might be exposed to harmful materials like lead or asbestos, so make sure you maintain good ventilation where you are working at all times. Apply barrier cream before starting a job and wash your hands on breaks. Always use the correct PPE (gloves, masks, and other safetywear), and keep things clean.

The COSHH (Control of Substances Hazardous to Health) regulations must be adhered to at all times. Substances that fall under COSHH will often be labelled as dangerous (i.e. toxic, very toxic, harmful, irritant or corrosive) and control measures must be applied when handling such substances. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions of use.

TOOL AND EQUIPMENT SAFETY

Without the right tools you cannot do the job right – and without ensuring that all of your equipment is safe, you cannot do the job safely.

Always make sure to look after your tools and equipment, and use them correctly. For example, always cut away from your face and body when using sharp objects. If the task at hand requires a lot of concentration or if you are in an awkward position whilst performing the task, take frequent breaks to eliminate the chance of error and adjust your position regularly to avoid cramping and muscle injury.

BURNS

Hot water and steam can burn you badly. If you get burned, run cold water over it immediately. Do not remove anything that may be sticking to the burn – this may cause further damage and introduce infection. Always call 999/112 for emergency help.

SLIPS AND TRIPS

If someone gets hurt, like a broken bone, try to keep them still and get help fast. You should prevent movement at the site of the injury and keep them still until the injured part is secured and supported. If the person is in immediate danger, then of course they should be moved away from the hazard – but do not put yourself at risk and always call

DID YOU KNOW?

The heaviest weight a fit person should lift is about 20kg (that's like a big suitcase).

“Never stand on a surface unless you’re 100% it’s safe”

TOP TIP

Lock away dangerous substances in an approved, clearly labelled place when you’re not using them.

BRICKLAYING

THE ART OF BRICKLAYING

Bricklaying is one of the most in-demand professions in construction, opening the door to a world full of exciting and diverse job opportunities.

With the constant demand for housing and renovations, skilled bricklayers find themselves at the centre of a thriving market. Homeowners seeking extensions, custom-built homes, and unique architectural designs provide a continuous stream of work.

The journey of a bricklayer is one of creativity, precision, and rewarding accomplishments, laying the foundations for a future filled with potential and success.

Here are some top tips from expert bricklayer, Rob Brookfield, Brickwork Course Lead at Wigan & Leigh College:

1 PRACTISE SAFE TECHNIQUES:

Always prioritise safety. Wear personal protective equipment (PPE), including safety boots, gloves, and glasses, especially when cutting bricks. Use proper lifting techniques to prevent injuries.

2 UNDERSTAND THE BASICS:

Have a firm grasp of bricklaying fundamentals. This includes mastering mortar consistency, bonding techniques, and various wall construction types, along with health and safety practices.

“Reflect on each project, seek advice, and continuously learn”

3 USE QUALITY TOOLS: Invest in and regularly maintain high-quality tools such as a spirit level, trowel, tape measure, and jointer. These tools are essential for enhancing the quality and efficiency of your work.

4 FOCUS ON LEVEL, GAUGE, PLUMB, AND RANGE: Accuracy is key. Regularly check for level, plumb, and range with a spirit level, and gauge with a tape measure. This is crucial for both structural integrity and aesthetic appeal.

5 MAINTAIN CONSISTENT JOINTS:

Aim for uniform mortar joints. Use a jointer for shaping and finishing joints, and keep the bricks clean of excess mortar.

6 SETTING OUT AND LAYING BRICKS: Begin by setting out and laying bricks at corners, ensuring symmetry and balance. Continually check for accuracy throughout the process.

7 MIX MORTAR CONSISTENTLY: Follow guidelines for mortar mixing ratios, and be mindful of environmental factors like temperature and weather, which can affect the mortar's performance.

8 START WITH SMALL PROJECTS:

Gain skills and build confidence by starting with smaller projects, such as garden walls. Experience is a key for growth.

9 LEARN FROM EXPERIENCE:

Reflect on each project, seek advice, and continuously learn.

10 OBTAIN YOUR CSCS CARD: A Construction Skills Certification Scheme (CSCS) card is beneficial for gaining access to construction sites that require it. This step is important in your journey to becoming a professional bricklayer.

Remember, bricklaying improves with practice and time. Focus on the details and enjoy the creative process of building something lasting.

“Build confidence by starting with smaller projects, such as garden walls”

Photos courtesy of Watts Brickwork

SETTING OUT & SIZE TOLERANCES

In bricklaying, accuracy is key. Here, the Brick Development Association offers some essential guidelines on brick measuring to help you get started.

Bricks are manufactured with specific dimensional tolerances, taking into account the characteristics of both the raw materials and the manufacturing process.

Table 1 (below) outlines these dimensional tolerances.

DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCE T1

STICK TO THE STANDARD

Brickwork should typically align with the standard coordinating sizes: 225mm in length and 75mm in height. Any minor discrepancies in brick sizes can be subtly corrected within the mortar joints, aiming for as even a distribution as possible.

Table 2 (below) sets out the co-ordinating sizes of bricks.

Note: for 215 x 102 x 65mm only

BEFORE YOU START

Before laying bricks, it’s advisable to arrange a dry run. Lay out a course of bricks without mortar, following the required bond pattern and considering any openings. This step is crucial for visualising the final appearance and will help in avoiding layout errors.

SCAN HERE

Visit the BDA website for best practice guidance and tips.

CARPENTRY AND JOINERY

CRAFTING EXCELLENCE

Woodworking is an excellent career choice!

These trades offer a unique mix of creativity and practical expertise, leading to a rewarding and highly respected career.

Darren Jones, an expert Carpentry & Joinery Lecturer from Wigan & Leigh College, offers his insights into the woodworking trades, along with top tips for anyone starting out.

Carpentry and joinery are highly skilled trades, each with its own set of skills and applications, offering a range of opportunities.

CARPENTRY

Carpentry involves constructing, installing and repairing wooden structures and components. Carpenters work with materials like timber, plywood, and other woods, building and assembling various structures. They typically work on-site, constructing roofs, joists, flooring, and fitting doors, windows, stairs, kitchens, architrave and skirting.

JOINERY

Joinery focusses on precision and detail. It's the art of creating wooden components in workshops, such as doors, windows, and furniture. Joiners use specialised tools like chisels, planes and saws. They craft pieces that are functional and aesthetically pleasing, using techniques like mortise & tenon and dovetail joints.

DARREN'S TOP TIPS

1 SAFETY FIRST:

Prioritise safety by wearing appropriate protective gear, using tools correctly, and maintaining a tidy workspace to prevent accidents.

2 KNOW YOUR TOOLS:

Familiarise yourself with each tool in your toolkit, practising their safe and efficient use.

3 ACCURACY IS KEY:

Develop your skills by practising measuring techniques, employing proper cutting methods, and refining your skill through attention to detail.

“Being organised and managing your time efficiently are crucial”

4 CHOOSE QUALITY MATERIALS:

Always choose high-quality wood and materials for your projects. Understanding the characteristics of different types of wood will help you in your selection.

5 ESSENTIAL SKILLS:

A good level of maths and English is crucial to ensure precise measurements and calculations. For example, carpenters need to accurately calculate material quantities and understand geometric principles and interpret drawings.

6 PROBLEM-SOLVING:

Cultivate your problem-solving skills by thinking creatively, exploring alternative solutions, and seeking advice from the pros.

7 CONTINUOUS LEARNING:

Stay updated in this ever-evolving industry, with new techniques, materials, and industry trends by continuous learning through further education, online resources, or hands-on experience.

“Always choose highquality wood and materials for your projects”

8 TIME MANAGEMENT:

Being organised and managing your time efficiently are crucial for success in carpentry and joinery.

9 PROFESSIONALISM:

Trustworthiness, punctuality, and reliability are all key components of professionalism. Demonstrating these qualities will help you build a reputable professional image.

10 COMMUNICATION:

Clear communication with clients, colleagues, and supervisors will ensure the job is completed successfully.

The keys to success in carpentry and joinery lie in honing your skills, embracing innovation, and maintaining a commitment to quality and safety - the cornerstones of a rewarding career.

TIMBER SIZE CONVERSION CHART

A Guide to Choosing the Right Cement

In the world of construction, cement is essential. It’s the binding agent that holds our roads, buildings, and bridges together. Understanding the different types will ensure you choose the right cement for the job.

THE PRODUCTION OF CEMENT

Cement is primarily made up of two natural resources: limestone and clay. When heated in a kiln, these elements combine to form ‘clinker’. Clinker is then ground and mixed with additives, resulting in various types of cement, tailored for specific applications.

THE TYPES OF CEMENT

In the UK, there are two principal types of cement:

■ CEM I: Portland Cement: Made from clinker. In essence, CEM I is solely clinker.

■ CEM II: Portland-Composite Cement: Made from clinker and other materials.

The three most common composite materials are:

■ Ground-Granulated Furnace Slag (S): A by-product of iron.

■ Limestone (L or LL): An abundant rock from the Earth’s crust.

■ Siliceous Fly Ash (V): A residue from burning hard coal.

“ Cement is a key ingredient in concrete, mortar, and screeds”

DECODING CEMENT TERMINOLOGY

Understanding technical terms can be daunting, so here’s a breakdown using an example to help:

TECHNICAL NAME: CEM II / B-V 42,5 N

■ Main Type: CEM II – Indicates the cement is a Portland-composite variant.

■ Composition Ratio: ‘B’ denotes the percentage split between clinker and the composite material.

■ Composite Material: ‘V’ signifies it contains fly ash.

■ Strength Class: ‘42,5’ is an indicator of the cement’s inherent strength.

■ Early Strength: ‘N’ stands for normal, representing the setting speed and initial strength.

By understanding the product data, you can confidently select the cement type that best suits your project needs.

Cement Types & Applications

The different types of cement are vast. Below is a handy guide to help you understand which type of cement works best with specific applications.

GENERAL PURPOSE

A blended cement containing limestone used for general purpose applications. Rugby Premium, (Cemex’s general cement) is a Portland-composite cement, meaning it emits less CO2 than a conventional Portland cement, making it more sustainable.

APPLICATION:

■ General purpose

HIGH STRENGTH

A cement with strength superior to conventional varieties. It is used in applications where higher durability is required, such as groundwork where strength is needed to withstand heavy loads.

APPLICATION:

■ Precast components

■ Groundwork

■ Cold weather working

SULFATE

Sulfate cement is more resistant to sulfate attacks, which are common in underground and marine environments. Sulfate uses a minimum of 25% fly ash, a waste by-product of coalfired power stations.

APPLICATION:

■ Below ground work

FAST SET

Contains special additives that allow the cement to harden and gain strength rapidly, making it ideal for mortar and concrete jobs where speed is necessary, such as repairs to pedestrian areas.

APPLICATION:

■ Kerbs, setting manholes and posts

■ Concrete drives and steps

“It’s important to choose lower carbon cements, whenever possible, to minimise the environmental footprint”

HYDRATED LIME

Hydrated lime is a fine, white powder made by heating limestone and adding water to produce an additive called quicklime.

‘Quicklime’ changes the consistency of mortar making it easier to work with, which is ideal for bricklayers.

APPLICATION:

■ Bricklaying mortar

■ Lime wash mortar

HYDRAULIC LIME

Hydraulic lime is a powdered lime with strength-giving properties that are made from limestone. It is used for repairing old buildings because it is highly tolerable to movements within buildings and joints.

APPLICATION:

■ Restoration of listed buildings

WHITE CEMENT

White cement has the same properties as High Strength, but it is used where colour is important.

APPLICATION:

■ Precast

■ Light mortars and renders

■ Architectural finishes

“ Rugby Premium is a Portlandcomposite cement, meaning it emits less CO 2 than a conventional Portland cement, making it more sustainable ”

“The Vertua logo shows that the product is more sustainable than traditional building materials”

LOWER CARBON CEMENTS

The construction industry heavily relies on natural resources, so it’s important for tradespeople to choose lower carbon cements, whenever possible, to minimise the environmental footprint.

BENEFITS:

1

Create less Carbon Dioxide (CO2) during the manufacturing process. Cements that use alternative materials in their composition have lower carbon emissions compared to traditional Portland cement.

2

Emit less carbon in the manufacturing process, achieved by creating a more efficient process and using renewable energy and alternative fuels.

Each cement manufacturer will have their own way of highlighting their Lower Carbon Cement range. To highlight the lower carbon Rugby cements, we use a Vertua Logo.

VERTUA RUGBY CEMENTS

Vertua is a family of products from Cemex that help to reduce the environmental impact of building materials.

These products have one or more of the following five features:

Lower Carbon Energy Efficiency

Water Conservation

Recycled Materials

Design Optimisation

To qualify under the Vertua brand, Rugby Cement products must reduce CO2 emissions by over 25% compared to traditional Portland cements CEM I. This is achieved through using high quality composite materials in the manufacture of cement and reducing emissions through the manufacturing process.

Vertua Cement products are split into three groups based on the amount of the products reduced carbon compared to traditional Portland Cements:

● Vertua Plus: (25% to 39% reduce carbon emissions)

● Vertua Ultra: (40% to 55% reduce carbon emissions)

● Vertua Supreme: (Over 55% reduce carbon emissions)

Three Rugby Cements sit under the Vertua group of products:

● Rugby Sulfate (Vertua Ultra)

● Rugby High Strength (Vertua Plus)

● Rugby Premium (Vertua Plus)

Any product that has one or more of the above features, will include a Vertua logo to help identify that the product is more sustainable than traditional building materials. SCAN

about the Rugby range.

CHOOSING THE RIGHT INSULATION

When it comes to selecting the right insulation, there’s a lot more to consider than just keeping a building warm.

James Francis, a Product Manager for ROCKWOOL® in the UK, outlines three four key factors to consider when choosing insulation materials.

1 SUSTAINABILITY

Savvy homeowners want to know more than just the U-value of their insulation; they want to understand how it performs over time, including its sustainability.

2 NOISE REDUCTION

Noise reduction is also a major concern, as many homeowners want peace and quiet in their homes, whether that’s reducing external noise or sound travelling between rooms.

3 FIRE SAFETY

Fire safety is a top priority, with homeowners wanting assurance that their insulation won't contribute to the spread of fire.

4 THERMAL PERFORMANCE

Modern homes face challenges like overheating and limited natural airflow. Homeowners care about staying cool in the summer as much as staying warm in the winter.

“Stone wool insulation is unaffected by weather, humidity or temperature changes”

“Stone wool’s pliability is a key advantage”

THE VERSATILE CHOICE

Addressing all these concerns might seem daunting, but stone wool insulation offers a versatile solution. It not only insulates but also provides acoustic and fire protection while allowing for breathability.

■ NATURAL FIRE PROTECTION:

Stone wool’s key ingredient, basalt rock, is naturally non-combustible. This means it offers robust fire resilience without needing chemical flame retardants.

■ SOUND ABSORPTION:

Stone wool’s open porous structure makes it ideal for sound absorption and reducing noise transmission.

■ AN INFINITE RESOURCE:

Stone wool insulation is made from diabase rock; a naturally replenishing resource. Thanks to volcanic activity, 38,000 times more stone material is produced every year than is used worldwide to make ROCKWOOL products. Proven to last 65 years*, stone wool insulation is unaffected by weather, humidity or temperature changes.

*Source: Testing undertaken by Danish Technical Institute (DTI) in 2023; FIW, Durability Project Mineral Wool (2016).

“ Recommending the right insulation is crucial for a comfortable, safe home ”

DID YOU KNOW?

A TIGHT FIT

With updates to Approved Document L of building regulations, the gap between designed and actual building performance is under scrutiny.

Builders must now provide detailed evidence, including photos, of thermal continuity at foundations/structures, external walls, roofs and openings, pipe and ducts to demonstrate compliance with energy efficiency requirements. This includes insulation with little or no gaps where possible. To achieve this, might require additional cutting on-site and/or taping at board joints with foil tape.

THE STONE WOOL ADVANTAGE

Stone wool's pliability is a key advantage. Its ease of fitting tightly reduces the need for excessive cutting or taping on-site, minimising installation errors and ensuring reliable thermal performance, thus reducing thermal bridging. The make-up of stone wool also means individual slabs knit together to create a seamless fit, again, reducing gaps.

Recommending the right insulation is crucial for a comfortable and safe home and makes the installers’ job easier too. Stone wool insulation, with its unique properties, is a smart, reliable choice that meets the needs of homeowners and fitters.

SCAN HERE

Find out how stone wool insulation can help make your job easier.

GET TO GRIPS WITH STONE WOOL

ROCKWOOL, a leading stone wool insulation manufacturer, has launched ROCKWOOL Learning, a new e-learning platform.

A NEW E-LEARNING PLATFORM

Tailored for self-guided learning, ROCKWOOL Learning empowers users to explore content relevant at their own pace, suited to their level or experience. The platform automatically tracks learning progress, helping keep an accurate Continuing Professional Development (CPD) record without the hassle of manual documentation.

ROCKWOOL Learning consolidates the company's learning and development resources into a user-

“The platform automatically tracks learning progress”

SCAN HERE

Explore ROCKWOOL Learning and start your journey today.

CLEANERS

INVEST IN QUALITY FROM THE START

“Start as you mean to go on.”

This simple saying holds a world of truth for anyone stepping into the construction industry, especially apprentices and students.

Building your career in the trades means putting together a toolkit that you can not only be proud of, but also rely on, time after time. Look around at those experienced tradespeople around you, and you'll see that the quality of their tools reflects the quality of their work. The importance of learning from others who’ve experienced the frustrations of using low-quality, inexpensive tools cannot be overstated.

Nothing's worse for a tradesperson than a tool that lets them down in the middle of a job. A cheap spanner that wears out, or a saw blade that goes blunt too quickly, can turn an easy task into a struggle. Although top-quality tools may cost more initially, they pay off big time in the long run. Investing in the best you can afford is investing in your future career and reputation.

As you move forward in your career, remember: playing the long game, thinking ahead, and investing in quality from the start is what it’s all about.

“Nothing's worse for a tradesperson than a tool that lets them down in the middle of a job!”

SUPERIOR

WHEN IT MATTERS

When you’re on a job, make sure you have the tools you can rely on.

GETTING THE BASICS RIGHT

As you begin your journey, having reliable tools that won’t let you down is crucial. Looking after them by keeping them clean and free of debris and dirt will extend their life.

That’s where WD-40 Specialist® products step in - they can help get you out of trouble, when faced with an unforeseen challenge. The range of products from WD-40 is vast, so here is a simple break-down of the products you’re most likely to use, and their different applications.

FOR EVERYDAY USE

While WD-40® Multi-Use Product – or MUP for short – has long been the mainstay of any kit bag or toolbox and regularly saves the day, WD-40 Specialist® takes the company’s offering up another gear or two.

“As well as protecting tools and machines from rust, Specialist Silicone repels dirt , grime and oil”

RUSTY AND SEIZED UP ITEMS

Each product within the WD-40® Specialist collection has been specifically developed to ensure speedy and successful use. Prime example being WD-40 Specialist® Penetrant. The solution lives up to its name by being able to penetrate to the very heart of a problem because it has an extremely low surface tension, meaning it can cut through rust, seams and tightly bonded surfaces to easily saturate and lubricate seized items.

DUST, CONDENSATION AND FLUX RESIDUE

WD-40 Specialist® Contact Cleaner is the company’s fast drying non-conductive cleaning solution meaning it is suitable for all sensitive electrical components. In essence, it removes dirt, dust, condensation and flux residue with ease. Even in extreme damp conditions it can chase away moisture and condensation.

HEAVY-DUTY METAL-TO-METAL JOBS

For those in need of lubricating heavy-duty metal-to-metal applications in all weathers and temperatures then WD-40 Specialist® White Lithium Grease is a must for all kit bags. Its thick, water-resistant, formula doesn’t drip or run even if applied on vertical items. Similarly, WD-40® Specialist Spray Grease sits alongside as a grease-based lubricant developed for the industrial sector.

HIGH-PRESSURE EQUIPMENT

WD-40 Specialist® Silicone is a high-performing silicone spray lubricant developed for use on high-pressure equipment and is particularly useful when faced with rubber parts like hoses, pipes, belts and window seals. As well as protecting tools and machines from rust, Specialist Silicone repels dirt, grime and oil.

“Having reliable products that won’t let you down is crucial”

“Playing the long game, thinking ahead, and investing in quality from the start is what it’s all about”

GREASE AND OIL

WD-40 Specialist® Degreaser is the company’s solvent-based spray degreaser that swiftly removes stubborn soiling such as oil, grease, dirt and general grime without leaving any residue. Crucially, it is safe to use on most materials including metals, aluminium and glass. As well as degreasing, Specialist Degreaser keeps items clean and running smoothly.

DRILLS AND MACHINERY

Completing the lubrication line-up, there’s also WD-40 Specialist® Dry PTFE and ‘regular’ PTFE and, finally, there’s also WD-40 Specialist® Cutting Oil which was developed several years ago to improve performance and extend the life of cutting and drilling equipment. It can be used on steel or titanium components, the solution prevents splitting and metal seizures, reduces heat and damage caused by friction.

SCAN HERE

For more information on how WD-40 products can make your job easier.

PAINTING & DECORATING EXCELLENCE

WHAT IS PAINT?

Paint is used for a variety of purposes, including decoration, protection and identification.

Understanding the science behind paint and its ingredients is crucial for selecting the right type for the project, ensuring it meets your customer’s expectations.

All paint consists of four main ingredients:

PIGMENTS

These provide colour and opacity.

BINDERS

These substances hold the pigments together, forming the paint film.

SOLVENTS

These liquids make the paint fluid and easy to apply.

ADDITIVES

These substances modify the paint’s properties, such as drying times and specialist features like mould inhibitors.

Paint formulations are designed based on the combinations of these ingredients. For instance:

Gloss paints have a higher binder content for a durable, shiny finish. However, this reduces pigment volume, diminishing opacity, hence the need for undercoats.

Wall paints, like Matt Emulsions, contain different levels and types of binders. For example, Dulux Trade Diamond Matt contains a binder that enhances durability and water repellency, allowing the surface to be washed repeatedly while maintaining the quality of the finish, unlike standard Matt Emulsions.

“Dulux Trade Diamond Matt contains a binder that enhances durability and water repellency, unlike standard Matt Emulsions”

ENROL TO JOIN

and learn with Dulux Academy from anywhere with an internet connection

TIPS: APPLYING WATER-BASED PAINTS

The popularity of waterbased paints is rising due to advantages like low odour, quick drying, easy clean-up and being less harmful to the environment.

Water-based paints require considerations to achieve the best results. Here are some tips on how to apply water-based paints effectively:

TIP 1

CHOOSE A SYNTHETIC BRUSH

Use a good quality synthetic bristle brush. Synthetic brushes are preferable over natural bristles, as they don’t absorb water from the paint, preventing the paint from drying faster than you work!

TIP 2

DAMPEN YOUR BRUSH

Lightly dampen your brush by submerging it in water and then spinning to remove the excess water. This keeps the brush flexible for longer, reducing paint drying near the stock (base) of the brush.

TIP 3

DAMPEN THE SURFACE

Before applying water-based trim paint, dampen the surface with a microfibre cloth. This prolongs drying time, helping maintain a wet edge across the surface, allowing the paint to spread evenly and reducing brush marks for a high-quality finish.

TIP 4

CARING FOR YOUR BRUSHES

Clean your brushes with warm water until all paint is removed and the water runs clear. Spin the brushes to remove excess water. While damp, reshape the brush bristles to their original form and store in the case it was supplied with.

“While damp, reshape the brush bristles to their original form”

SCAN HERE

Watch this video for more helpful tips.

THE COLOUR WHEEL

The colour wheel is a vital tool that illustrates colour relationships, and helps in creating appealing colour combinations.

There are different types of colour schemes that you can create with the colour wheel, such as tonal, harmonious and contrasting.

TONAL COLOUR SCHEMES

Tonal colour schemes use different shades, tones and tints of a single base colour. They provide a subtle and conservative look that is easy to apply to design projects. For example, a blue-based tonal scheme could include a dark blue, mid tone blue and a pale blue.

HARMONIOUS COLOUR SCHEMES

Harmonious colour schemes use colours that are next to each other on the colour wheel, creating a sense of harmony and balance in your design. For example, a green-based harmonious scheme might include yellow-green, or a blue-green.

CONTRASTING COLOUR SCHEMES

Contrasting colour schemes use colours that are opposite to each other on the colour wheel, for a high contrast and high impact look that makes your design stand out. For example, a purple-based contrasting scheme could include purple and yellow.

“Tonal colour schemes use different shades, tones and tints of a single base colour”

SCAN HERE

Learn more about Dulux colour wheels to help you create the best combination of colours for your customers.

DULUX ACADEMY: GET STARTED NOW!

Dulux Academy is dedicated to nurturing the skills, knowledge and confidence of trade professionals at every stage of their careers.

EXPERT TRAINERS

Our training is delivered by a team of industry experts who are passionate about all things painting and decorating. Our goal is simple: to support your personal and professional growth, ensuring you have some fun along the way.

HANDS-ON EXPERIENCE

Our learning programmes are available in person or online. Our face-to-face courses, held at various locations across the UK, provide theoretical knowledge with practical experience. These courses cover all aspects of painting and decorating, including spray application, wallpapering, preparation, painting techniques, and colour and design principles.

INTERACTIVE WORKSHOPS

Dulux Academy Live offers FREE 45-minute online workshops, available to book via our website. Spaces are intentionally limited to ensure these sessions are interactive and engaging.

CONTINUAL SUPPORT

Dulux Academy also offers options for post course support. Join our Facebook forum to connect with past participants for support and advice, or access The HUBour online learning portal for on-demand training anytime, anywhere.

“Our goal is simple: to support your personal and professional growth”

SCAN HERE

Discover how Dulux Academy can support your career journey!

PAINTING & DECORATING TOOLS

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SPONSORED BY

MASTERING THE CRAFT: PROFESSIONAL TOOLS

Starting your journey as a painter and decorator involves more than just skill; it also requires the right set of tools.

In this section, we'll delve into the world of professional tools, focusing on rollers, brushes, and masking techniques. These fundamental tools play a pivotal role in achieving impeccable finishes, making them essential for both seasoned professionals and trainees.

1

ROLLERS: THE EFFICIENT WORKHORSES

Rollers are the workhorses of the painting world, known for their efficiency in covering large surfaces. Professionals rely on them for tasks ranging from walls to ceilings, ensuring a uniform coat of paint.

DIRECTIONS FOR USE:

■ CHOOSE THE RIGHT PILE:

The pile length of the roller determines its suitability for different surfaces. Use shorter pile for smoother surfaces and longer pile for textured walls.

■ LOAD THE ROLLER PROPERLY:

Dip the roller into the paint tray, ensuring even coverage. Roll it back and forth to distribute the paint evenly on the roller.

■ MAINTAIN CONSISTENT PRESSURE:

Apply consistent pressure while rolling to avoid uneven textures. Overlapping strokes slightly ensures complete coverage.

PRODUCT EXAMPLES:

■ ROTA FINISH ROLLER: Renowned for its versatility, this roller delivers a perfect ultra smooth finish. Optimal paint loading minimises the need for frequent reloading, enhancing efficiency.

■ ROTA GOLD ROLLER: Preferred for its durability and paint-release capabilities, this roller ensures a professional-looking result every time.

BRUSHES: PRECISION IN EVERY STROKE

While rollers cover large areas, brushes are indispensable for detailed work such as edges, corners, and intricate designs. Professionals often employ a combination of brushes and rollers for a comprehensive approach.

DIRECTIONS FOR USE:

■ CHOOSE THE RIGHT BRUSH:

The type of brush matters; for instance, an angled brush like the Kana Aqua Angled Brush is excellent for cutting in and precision work.

■ DIP AND TAP:

Dip the brush into the paint, tap off excess to prevent drips, and apply with smooth, even strokes for a flawless finish.

■ MAINTAIN BRUSH HYGIENE: Clean brushes thoroughly after use to preserve their quality and extend their lifespan.

PRODUCT EXAMPLES:

■ KANA AQUA ANGLED BRUSH: Its angled design allows for precise work in tight spaces, making it essential among professionals for intricate detailing.

■ KANA STAR BRUSH:

Known for its precision, this brush has excellent paint pick-up and coverage and is designed to deliver sharp lines with excellent control, making it a staple for professional painters.

Kana Aqua Angled Brush

“Rollers, brushes, and masking techniques are the backbone of any successful project”

3

MASKING: PRECISION WITHOUT THE MESS

Masking is the unsung hero of professional painting, providing clean lines and protecting surfaces from unintended paint application. It involves using materials like painter's tape and masking film.

DIRECTIONS FOR USE:

■ CHOOSE THE RIGHT TAPE:

Always use the correct tape for the surface and conduct a spot check first.

■ PEEL AND STICK:

Apply tape along the edges, pressing it firmly to prevent paint bleed.

■ MASKING FILM FOR LARGER AREAS:

When dealing with larger surfaces or furniture, masking film provides efficient protection. Secure it in place and cut to fit using a utility knife.

SCAN HERE

Visit Ciret’s website to learn more about their vast range of decorating products.

PRODUCT EXAMPLES:

■ MASQ SUPERIOR PAINTER'S TAPE: Known for its advanced adhesive technology, this tape ensures sharp lines and residue-free removal, maintaining a professional look.

■ MASQ COVERMASQ:

This combination of tape and masking film streamlines the masking process, saving time and effort.

Rollers, brushes, and masking techniques are the backbone of any successful project. Investing in these tools is a step towards elevating your work to the next level.

Masq Superior Painter's Tape

STRESS LESS –JUST MASQ

Introducing Ciret’s all new, innovative masking tape solution for professional painters & decorators.

These premier quality tapes and masking films are suitable for an extensive number of interior and exterior projects. Let’s look at some of the favourites in more detail.

SUPERIOR

The MASQ Superior Painters Tape, engineered from thin washi paper, is your go-to for precision painting on smooth surfaces. Its UV resistant design allows it to remain intact for up to 60 days, ensuring sharp, clean lines every time.

ULTIMATE

The MASQ Ultimate Painters Tape offers higher tack for irregular surfaces and boasts high moisture and humidity resistance, making it ideal for exterior projects; it can be left on for up to 120 days.

SENSITIVE

The MASQ Sensitive Painters Tape, with a delicate lower tack, is perfect for more delicate areas like wallpaper, and can be left on for up to 90 days.

Masking tapes are versatile tools and the unsung heroes of the decorating world. Whether it’s helping you create perfect pristine lines or covering an exterior surface prior to painting, then MASQ has you covered!

“These versatile tools are the unsung heroes of the decorating world”

SCAN HERE

Learn more about Ciret’s products and how they can support you.

MASQ Sensitive Painters Tape

PLASTERING

MASTERING PLASTERING

Starting a career in plastering?

Great choice! This profession is an exceptional skill and promises a rewarding career, in high demand.

Getting off to a good start is key. Ben Shaw, the expert Plastering Lecturer at Wigan & Leigh College, shares his top tips to help you lay the groundwork for a successful and fulfilling plastering career.

1 PREPARATION IS KEY:

Before you start, make sure the background is thoroughly prepared. Remove all loose areas, control the suction, and ensure the area has a good key for the plaster.

2 ORGANISATION:

Ensure you have all the tools, equipment, and materials ready before you start. Once the plaster is mixed, the clock starts ticking! You’ll waste valuable time if you’re not fully prepared.

3 KNOW YOUR PRODUCTS:

Some products may not be compatible with certain backgrounds. Read the product data sheets before choosing. Most manufacturers will be happy to help you select the right product.

“As a beginner, don’t take on more than you can handle”

4 DON’T PANIC:

If you’re prepared, organised, and knowledgeable about your product, there's no need to panic. As a beginner, don’t take on more than you can handle; this will help keep the plastering process under control.

5 DON’T ‘PLAY WITH IT’: Resist the temptation to continuously smooth out the wall. Follow the correct timings, and your wall will end up flat, smooth, and blemish-free.

6 INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ANGLES:

People’s eyes are naturally drawn to the angles in a room. Take great care with your angles; keep them clean, crisp, and as straight as possible. Your customer will thank you.

7 MEASURE TWICE, CUT ONCE:

A golden rule in construction. Always double-check your measurements before making a cut. This reduces waste, which is especially important when using nonrenewable resources.

8 PRIME YOUR HAND BOARD:

Beginners in plastering tend to drop material. To help keep the plaster in place, prime your board by covering it with a small amount of plaster.

9 CLEAN YOUR TOOLS:

Not only is this good practice, but it ensures your tools last as long as possible. Clean them regularly when applying plaster to prevent your application becoming contaminated with debris or left over material on the trowel.

10 SEQUENCE YOUR WORK:

Always follow the same sequence. This will give you a consistent finish with your work. Sticking to these sequences early on in your learning journey will improve your overall finish.

Remember, mastering plastering takes time and practice, but with these tips in mind, you'll be well on your way to becoming a skilled professional in the trade.

“Be organised: once the plaster is mixed, the clock starts ticking!”

FLOOR LEVEL FINISHES

In this article, FIS Technical and Vetting Manager, James Parlour highlights an important plastering practice and explains how it can benefit you.

INTERNAL FLOORS

Applying a skim coat of gypsum plaster (finishing product) on internal walls often involves terminating the plaster 25-30mm above the unfinished floor, prior to skirting installation.

“Plastering too close to the floor can introduce contaminants to the plaster”

WHY IS IT DONE?

UNNECESSARY COVERAGE:

Simply put, if skirting is going to be fitted, there’s no need for the plaster to meet the unfinished floor’s surface.

CONTAMINATION RISKS:

Applying plaster too close to the floor can introduce contaminants into the plaster, like dust or small aggregate, compromising the quality of the finish.

TOOL DAMAGE:

There is also an increased risk of tool damage, impacting the finish and flatness.

SNAGGING ISSUES: Ensuring a clean edge at the bottom is challenging and can affect the skirting application, leading to snagging issues later.

NOTE: Plasterboard typically terminates at 10mm from the unfinished floor level for moisture control. However, this gap should be filled as per the manufacturer's instructions.

SPECIFICATION AND BENCHMARKING

■ In cases where there’s no finishing specification, this practice is recommended for efficiency.

■ Before specifying, always consult the drywall/plaster manufacturers for performance criteria and product choices.

■ It’s essential that the principal contractor establishes a quality and application benchmark, which can be referred to throughout the contract.

FIS (Finishes and Interiors Sector Ltd) is a membership organisation. Many of its members offer apprenticeship programmes, e.g. British Gypsum proudly supports 1,200 apprentices!

POWER UP YOUR CAREER

When starting out in construction, choosing the right power tools can be daunting, and costly, without the right advice.

“Choosing Bosch Pro, means you will be buying from a reputable brand”

WSAFETY

hen choosing power tools, make sure you check out the following key features:

Buying from a reputable brand is important to give you that peace of mind, knowing that your power tools have been put through rigorous safety tests.

DURABILITY

Your tools need to be reliable with a decent amount of battery life, so they won’t let you down in the middle of a job.

COMPACT

Working in tight spaces is often part of a construction worker's job, so a compact set of drills will be a must.

POWER

The all-important feature! You need your drills to power through tough materials, so you can move on to the next job as efficiently as possible.

CHOOSE A REPUTABLE BRAND

The Professional 18V system offers a selection of tools that are lightweight with extreme power, exactly what you need when you are starting out.

Agood first set of power tools any construction worker might need would be a combi drill, an impact driver and a circular saw.

The following power tools come with the BITURBO Brushless selection, light in weight but heavy duty. One ProCORE18V battery will give you the equivalent of up to 2,000W of corded power, offering efficiency and fantastic results!

COMBI DRILL

The compact size of the GSB 18V-90 C ensures exceptional handling in various tasks. The metal chuck provides great torque transfer, and safety features such as Kickback

Control and Precision Clutch will minimise risks for better user health and tool durability.

IMPACT DRIVER

Ideal for working in tight spaces, the GDR 18V-200 Impact Driver offers a variable speed trigger for full control, plus excellent battery runtime and a long lifespan.

CIRCULAR SAW

You can enjoy complete flexibility and precise control in various cutting positions with the GKT 18V-68 C, allowing for cutting depths up to 70mm in 90° cuts.

EXPERT ACCESSORIES

Of course, to get the most from great power tools you need accessories to match. The Bosch Professional accessory range offers durability, speed, precision and much more.

Engineered from premium quality materials, and safety tests, their huge range of tools lets you work faster, for longer. They’re all designed for accuracy and are made to measure with the 18V power tool system.

Here are two EXPERT accessories from the range to complement your essential power tools:

HAMMER BITS

EXPERT HEX-9 MULTI CONSTRUCTION BITS

The one drill bit that should always be in your toolbox. You'll never get stuck on a job or waste time looking for the right bit. The durable tip with Bosch Carbide Technology means they last up to 3 x longer.

SAW BLADES

EXPERT FOR WOOD CIRCULAR SAW BLADE

Lasting up to 50 x longer than other blades this is the one you want for reliable cutting of wood. The blade fits all common cordless plunge and handheld saws as well as cordless dry-cutters.

SCAN HERE

For more information on our top power tools and accessories plus much more.

DON’T GUESS IT, STREAM IT

Want to find out more about impact drivers? Got a burning question about Bosch ProCORE18V batteries? Confused about which accessory you need for a specific job?

EXPERT ADVICE

Find out all you need to know from the experts in Bosch Livestreams. Bosch’s livestreams cover a wide variety of topics, providing essential advice for anyone starting off in construction.

LIVE PRODUCT DEMOS

From explaining the 18V system, to the EXPERT accessories used in construction work and how to choose the right hole saw. Not only do our experts demonstrate the tools and techniques in an easy to understand and entertaining way, but they also answer your questions and respond to your comments during the stream.

YOUTUBE SHORTS

“Our experts demonstrate the tools and techniques in an easy to understand and entertaining way”

WHY NOT GET INVOLVED?

SCAN HERE

Check out what’s coming up as well as the large back catalogue of previous streams or search for Bosch livestreams on Instagram

YOUR GO-TO GUIDE

When starting a decorating, renovation or construction project, make sure you don’t overlook the essentialssurface protection products.

NO MORE DUST SHEETS!

Gone are the days of clumsy dust sheets that more often than not, end up being a tripping hazard, especially on stairs and sleek floors. Plus, who has the time to keep washing them? Enter surface protection products – the selfadhesive heroes.

The self-adhesive nature of surface protection means it sticks to the surface securely, preventing those nasty trips and guarding against spills, heavy foot traffic and the inevitable dirt and debris.

“Surface protection products create a safer working environment”

THE BENEFITS

Benefits of using surface protection products:

■ Protecting customer property (because first impressions count).

■ Creating a safer space for you, your customers, and the team.

■ A reduction in cleaning time once a project is finished.

■ Big time-saver, especially when used with a dispensing system.

■ One size doesn’t fit all - there’s something for every surface, enabling protection wherever you are working.

■ Cut down on waste - apply once, and you’re set for up to 6 weeks, reducing or eliminating the need to clean and replace surface protection.

■ Total coverage - for floors, worktops, baths, shower trays, windows, furniture, etc.

■ Boost your reputationdemonstrating you’re professional, efficient, and respectful.

THE TECHNOLOGY

Understanding the technology behind the product will ensure you choose the correct product for your project. The key to surface protection films is the adhesive.

1 CHOOSE RIGHT

Selecting the correct adhesive for your surface is crucial; the product should adhere securely to your surface and also be easily removed without leaving any residue.

2 CHECK THE LABEL

Check the manufacturer's guidelines on how long the product can be left in situ; different brands can vary from a few days up to 6 weeks.

3 TESTING 1,2,3

When using a product on a new surface for the first time, carry out a test on a small area of the relevant surface before full application to ensure compatibility.

THE PRODUCT RANGE

FLEECE:

Provides impact protection, reducing damage from falling objects, with a tackifier that is suitable for most surfaces.

CARPET PROTECTOR:

A strong adhesive, gripping securely to carpets or rugs. Not to be used on other surfaces as this may cause damage or be difficult to remove.

HARDFLOOR PROTECTOR:

A medium strength adhesive, gripping securely to hard floors, wood, laminate, tile, stone, and vinyl, but is easily removed without leaving residue. Not to be used on carpets or rugs as it may slip and create an unsafe surface.

GLASS PROTECTOR:

A medium strength adhesive, gripping securely to both interior and exterior glass.

DISPENSING SYSTEMS:

Ideal for larger projects and regular users as dispensers reduce application time and wastage, providing a smoother and speedier installation.

With rolls ranging from 100mm width for protecting skirting boards, window frames, and those harder-to-reach areas, to 1250mm width rolls for larger areas, there is a film for every surface.

OTHER THINGS TO CONSIDER

Choosing the right product can be daunting. Here's what to keep in mind:

■ RECYCLABILITY: Can you recycle the product?

■ FIRE SAFETY: What are its ratings?

■ SLIP CERTIFICATION: Does it have a low slip rating?

■ TRACEABILITY: Can you track the product's origin?

■ DURATION: How long can it remain in situ? This varies from a few days to 6 weeks.

■ SUITABILITY: For instance, some carpet protectors are not suitable for wool carpets.

■ DISPENSER COMPATIBILITY: Ideal for larger areas or frequent use, though not essential.

■ BRAND REPUTATION: A well-known brand can be a reliable choice.

“Carry out a test on a small area of the relevant surface before full application”

SURFACE PROTECTION YOU CAN RELY ON

Innovation and quality are at the core of Packexe. Developing and designing innovative products that are fit-for-purpose is our benchmark.

Packexe surface protection products have a uniquely formulated adhesive to perfectly match surfaces throughout your project and can be removed without leaving residue, meaning you can work with confidence.

BENEFITS OF PACKEXE

■ Certified low-slip

■ Fire-safety-rated

■ Recyclable

■ Waterproof

■ Time-saving

■ Unique dispensing system

■ Reduced cleaning costs

FOR THE TRADE

Designed for the trades, Packexe protection products reliably shield floors and surfaces from spillages, debris, and heavy foot traffic during building, renovation, or decorating work.

COLOUR-CODED

Packexe products are colour-coded for ease:

■ Carpet (red)

■ Hardfloor (black)

■ Glass & Glazing (blue)

■ Fleece (white)

“All products can be left in situ for up to 6 weeks, ensuring an uninterrupted flow of work”

DISPENSERS

Packexe Dispensers provide an efficient and easy-to-apply solution, saving time and reducing wastage.

FLEECE

For impact protection, Packexe Fleece is cushioned and ideal for protecting tile and stone surfaces, and is reusable up to 10 times.

PRODUCT SIZES

Each product is available in a range of widths, from extra-wide options for larger areas to the 100mm Packexe THE EDGE, complete with a patented dispenser, ideal for smaller edges and hard-to-reach areas.

SCAN HERE

Find out more about our product range and how we can support you.

CONSTRUCTION'S A-Z

Ready to talk construction? Brought to you by the Construction Team at Wigan & Leigh College, these pages are filled with popular terms from some of the industry’s biggest trades. Many of these terms cross multiple trades, so learning them will give you a great head start!

BRICKLAYING

ABUTMENTS

The side walls that support an arch or a bridge.

BEDDING

The process of laying in position a brick, block, stonework, etc.

CORBELLING

Building out from the face of the wall, often forming a support.

DAMP-PROOF COURSE (DPC)

A waterproof course inserted in brickwork or blockwork to prevent the passage of moisture.

EXTRUDED WIRE-CUT BRICKS

Bricks formed by forcing stiff moist clay, under pressure, through a die and cutting the extruded shape into individual bricks with taut wires.

FENDER WALL

A short wall supporting the hearth of a ground floor fireplace.

GAUGED ARCH

An arch built of purpose made, or carefully cut, bricks laid with very thin joints.

HAUNCH

The shoulder of an arch, i.e. portion on the side between the crown and the springing point.

INTRADOS

The underside or soffit line of an arch.

JOINTER

A shaped piece of metal or wood to form a mortar joint.

KEYBRICK

A brick at the crown of an arch keeping all the voussoirs in position.

LEAF

One of the two parallel walls in a cavity wall. Each parallel wall itself is a leaf.

MORTAR

A mixture of sand, cement or lime or a combination of both, possibly with the inclusion of an Air Entrainer, that hardens after application and is used for jointing brickwork, or as a render.

NECKING

A band of projecting brickwork around a chimney stack.

OFFSET

The horizontal shelf exposed when a wall is reduced in width.

POINTING

Finishing the mortar joints that have previously been raked out at approx. 12mm and filled with a mortar of a different colour, texture or density than that used for laying the bricks in the wall.

QUETTA BOND

Brickwork with pockets for reinforcing steel to be positioned.

REINFORCED CONCRETE

Concrete containing metal rods or steel mesh to give an additional strength.

SCUTCH

A hammer with a sharp-edged blade, or comb blade, set at right angles to the line of the handle. Used for trimming a cut brick to shape.

TUMBLING-IN

Tilted courses used on sloping brickwork.

UNDERPINNING

To support and repair/strengthen existing buildings foundations, that may be affected by certain ground conditions or structural requirements.

VOUSSOIRS

Wedge shaped blocks of which a built up arch is composed.

WEATHERING

A slightly sloping surface arranged to throw off water.

CARPENTRY

ARCHITRAVE

Moulding around a door or window that covers the joint between plaster and wood frame.

BIRDS MOUTH

Cut in the bottom of a rafter which allows the rafter to sit flat and securely on a wall plate.

CAMBER

The rising at the centre of a horizontal structural member to counteract sagging.

DATUM POINT

A reference point which levels are taken from.

EAVES

The edge of a roof which overhangs the face of the wall.

FIRST FIX

The installation of structural elements before plastering.

GABLE END

Triangular portion of the vertical wall at the opened end of the pitch roof.

HERRINGBONE STRUT

Struts form a cross bracing between floor joist to prevent the joist twisting.

INTUMESCENT STRIP

Fitted to fire doors, when exposed to heat they expand to seal the gap around the door to prevent the spread of smoke and fire.

JACK RAFTER

Traditional cut roof member which runs from the hip to wall plate.

KILN DRYING

A method of speeding up the drying process of timber.

LEAN TO

A roof with only 1 slope typically leaning on an existing building.

MITRE

The intersection of two pieces of wood forming an angle.

NOGGINS

Pieces of timber placed between joist, ceilings and stud walls to catch ends of a board.

OSB (ORIENTED STRAND BOARD)

Engineered board made from compressed layers of wood strands and adhesive.

PLYWOOD

Engineered board made from several layers of thin timber laid at ninety degrees to the previous layer and glued together.

QUADRANT BEAD

A decorative piece of wood with a quarter circle profile.

RAFTER

Structural member of a traditional roof which runs from ridge to wall plate.

SECOND FIX

All the finishing work after plastering including skirting, architraves, doors, kitchens etc

TRUSS

Factory-made structural roof triangle frame designed to transfer to load to the outer walls.

UPVC (UNPLASTICIZED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE)

A long lasting plastic used to make windows and doors.

VALLEY RAFTER

Rafter at the intersection of two roof surfaces meeting internally.

WALL PLATE

A horizontal timber that sits on a wall and provides a fixing point for joists and rafters.

X

The drafting symbol for a cross section of an object.

YELLOW PINE

Durable softwood often used in woodwork.

Z-CLIPS

Metal clips used in carpentry for securing panels or tabletops, allowing for wood movement while maintaining a strong hold.

JOINERY

ANNUAL RINGS

A ring of wood found in the cross section of a tree, one ring represents one year’s growth.

BAREFACED TENON

A tenon having a shoulder on one side only.

CAPILLARY GROOVE

Also known as a drip, can be found on the underside of window or door cills, the groove stops capillary action.

DEAD KNOT

A decayed knot in timber which isn’t firmly attached to the timber.

END GRAIN

The exposed cut ends of wood fibres.

FACE SIDE/ FACE EDGE

The best two sides of a piece of timber.

GULLET

The gap between the teeth of a saw.

HEADING JOINT

The lengthening joint used to join two pieces of timber.

INLAY

Decorative technique of inserting contrasting materials into wood.

JACK PLANE

Large plane used to remove large quantities of material.

KERF

A narrow groove or slit made by cutting or sawing.

LAMINATED

Built up of several thin layers of timber.

MOISTURE CONTENT

The amount of moisture in a material expressed as a percentage.

NEWEL

Vertical post which carries the hand rail on a flight of stairs.

OIL STONE

A stone used for sharpening tools.

PAR

Timber that has been planed on all four sides.

QUARTER SAWN

A term used in the conversion of timber, cut at 90 degrees from the growth rings.

REBATE

Rectangular groove in the edge of a piece of timber which holds glass or a panel.

SEASONING

The process of removing the sap/moisture from felled trees.

TENON SAW

Small saw used to cut the shoulders of a tenon joint.

URETHANE

Protective finish for wooden surfaces.

VENEER

A thin layer of wood or other material bonded to the surface of a more substantial material.

WANEY EDGE

Boards which are not cut square and follow the natural curve of a tree and can show the bark of the tree.

XYOLOGY

The study of trees and wooded plants.

YEW WOOD

A dark golden/orange brown versatile wood. Ideal for turning, joinery and furniture making.

ZINC COATED SCREW

Corrosion-resistant fasteners for wood.

PAINTING & DECORATING

ABRADE

Preparing the surface by sanding with abrasive paper.

BUTT JOINT

Edges of wallpaper lengths that touch and join together without any gaps or overlapping.

COATINGS

Applied to surfaces and come in a wide range of paints, varnishes, stains and can be either waterborne (acrylic) or oil-borne.

DE-NIB

A light sanding between coats to remove any surface dust.

EMULSION

A water-based paint normally used to paint large areas such as walls and ceilings.

FLASHING

A defect in paint work that looks like streaks or patches.

GLOSS

High-shine paint finish for a smooth, reflective surface.

HUE

A pure colour, such as red.

INTERIOR

Painting the inside of buildings, homes, and spaces.

JOINT FILLER

Used to fill plasterboard joints.

KNOTTING

A shellac-based solution used to seal knots in wood before priming.

LINING PAPER

A wallpaper used to cover poor surfaces prior to applying paint or wallpaper.

MASKING TAPE

Adhesive tape used to create clean paint edges.

NAIL PUNCH

Used with a hammer for protruding nail heads in timber surfaces.

OVERALLS

Protective clothing worn when decorating, usually with pockets for small tools and paper hanging equipment.

PAPER HANGING BRUSH

Used to apply wallpaper and remove any air pockets trapped underneath.

QUICK-DRYING

Paint that dries rapidly for efficient work completion.

ROLLER

Tool with a handle and foam or fabric for painting large areas.

STENCILLING

A decorative effect achieved by applying paint on to the cut-out areas of a paper, cardboard or acetate template to produce the design on a surface.

TRIMMING KNIFE

Used to trim wallpaper and cut around obstacles.

UNDERCOAT

A paint used for improved adhesion before a top coat is applied.

VARNISH

Protective coating applied over wood to enhance durability. A resinous or water-based solution that seals and protects surfaces.

WET-AND-DRY PAPER

A waterproof abrasive paper made with siliconcarbide particles glued to backing, used wet to provide a dust-free atmosphere.

EXQUISITE EFFECTS

Creative painting techniques like stencilling, broken colour, or distressing.

YELLOWING

Discolouration that occurs over time, when oil-based paints have little or no sunlight.

ZINC PHOSPHATE

Suitable for all ferrous metal surfaces. used in construction.

PLASTERING

AGGREGATE

The filler added to the plaster making up the bulk of the mix, such as sand.

BONDING COAT

Initial layer of plaster for better adhesion.

CORNICE

Decorative moulding at the junction of walls and ceilings.

DRYWALL

Lightweight board used as a base for plastering.

EXPANSION BEAD

Metal strips that prevent cracks in plaster due to movement.

FLOAT

Tool for smoothing, levelling and consolidating plaster surfaces.

GYPSUM

A mineral used as the primary component in plaster.

HAWK

A hand board for holding plaster during application.

INSULATED PLASTERBOARD (THERMAL PLASTERBOARD)

Plasterboard with an insulated backing, to improve thermal and acoustic performance.

JOINT COMPOUND

Filler for smoothing and concealing joints in plasterboard.

KEYSTONE

The block, usually tapered, at the centre of an arch

LATH

Thin strips used as a base for plaster application.

MULTI FINISH

Versatile plaster suitable for a variety of finishes.

NIB

Small projection or notch in plaster for a neat finish.

OVERSKIMMING

Applying a thin layer of plaster over existing surfaces.

POLYVINYL ACETATE (PVA)

Primer used to seal surfaces before plastering and improve adhesion.

QUOIN

External angle of a building.

RENDERING

Exterior plastering to provide a protective and decorative finish.

SKIMMING

The setting or finishing coat which is smooth ready for decoration.

TROWEL

Flat-bladed tool for applying and finishing plaster.

UNDERCUT

The overhang in a model or mould which will prevent a cast from being removed from it.

VERMICULITE

Used as a lightweight aggregate in modern plasters such as bonding coat.

WATERPROOFER

An additive added to a gauge to improve its resistance to water penetration.

X-RAY PLASTERS

A plastering mix containing barium sulphate as the aggregate to provide protection from certain types of radiation.

ZONAL PLASTERING

Applying different plaster finishes to specific areas.

Bosch Pro

T: 0344 736 0109 I E: Bosch.ServiceCentre@uk.bosch.com

Bosch Professional power tools, measuring tools and accessories are engineered to the highest standards, designed to meet the toughest jobs in the trade and make professionals more efficient every day on site.

@boschprouk

@boschprouk

Brick Development Association (BDA)

T: 0207 323 7034 I E: brick@brick.org.uk

The Brick Development Association is the industry representative for UK brick manufacturers. The BDA’s role is to support the continued success of this British industry stalwart, offering authoritative information on clay brick and championing its role in the built environment.

CEMEX

T: 0808 145 1900 I E: gb-cementsales@cemex.com

CEMEX, a leading construction materials and solutions company, is committed to providing innovative and sustainable solutions for the construction industry. The Rugby cement range of products supports the needs of Britain’s builders, delivering big on quality and consistency.

@Cemex_UK

@cemex-uk

CIRET Ltd

T: 02392 457 450 I E: enquiries@ciret.co.uk

Ciret is Europe’s leading manufacturer of quality painting and decorating products. We provide expert solutions to the trade and retail industry. Our wide range of products allows both contractors and DIY enthusiasts to accomplish their decorating projects efficiently and cost-effectively.

@ciret_ltd

@ciretlimited3086

@ciretuk

@CIRET_UK

@ciret-limited

Construction Industry Training Board (CITB)

T: 0344 994 4400

CITB is the industry training board for the construction sector in England, Scotland, and Wales. It’s our job to help the construction industry attract talent and to support skills development, to build a better Britain.

@citb.uk @citb @CITB_UK @citb

Dulux Academy

T: 01753 877 224

Dulux Academy is the home of painting and decorating excellence. Offering training solutions designed for every stage of your painting & decorating career. Courses are face-to-face at venues across the UK, online or delivered via our online platform The Hub.

@duluxacademy @duluxacademyUK

FIS (Finishing & Interiors Sector)

T: 0121 707 0077 I E: info@thefis.org

FIS is the representative body for the £10 billion finishes and interiors sector in the UK. The FIS has more than 600 members drawn from contractors, manufacturers and distributors of ceilings, facades, partitions, plastering, drywall and specialist interior fit-out and refurbishment businesses.

NFB (National Federation of Builders)

T: 03450 578160 I E: info@builders.org.uk

The NFB represents builders, contractors and house builders across England and Wales. As one of the UK’s longest standing trade bodies, it promotes conditions its members need to thrive and contribute to the economic success of the UK.

@nfbuilders @national-federation-of-builders

@fisorg @the-fis @fisorg

Packexe Ltd

T: 01392 438191 I E: sales@packexe.co.uk

Established in 1989, Packexe has an extensive knowledge of surface protection products, offering innovative solutions that change the way people work. Packexe are proud to supply their high quality product range to industries globally.

@packexe.ltd @packexe @packexe

Painting and Decorating Association (PDA)

T: 024 7635 3776 I E: info@paintingdecoratingassociation.co.uk

Our non-profit Association is the UK’s largest trade body for painters and decorators, and has been committed to encouraging best practice across the industry since 1894. PDA Members across the country benefit from a wealth of business and industry support.

@paintingdecoratingassociation @thepda @ThePDA

@the-painting-and-decorating-association

ROCKWOOL

T: 01656 862621 I E: technical.solutions@rockwool.co.uk

ROCKWOOL® Limited is a UK-based manufacturer of stone wool insulation. Whether for a loft conversion, extension or change of use project, ROCKWOOL stone wool provides a non-combustible insulation solution that helps to meet fire, thermal and acoustic standards.

@rockwooluk @ROCKWOOLUK

@RockwoolUK @ROCKWOOLUK @rockwool-uk

WD-40

T: +44 (0) 8449 800838 I E: info@wd40.co.uk

September 2023 celebrated WD-40®’s 70th anniversary. Originally created as a rust-prevention and water displacement solution for the early days of the aerospace industry, the blue and yellow cans have served both amateur DIYers and professionals alike for decades.

@wd40uk

@OriginalWD40_UK

@OriginalWD40.UK

@wd40uk