SPARKS Magazine Autumn 2024 issue

Page 1


EDITOR’S NOTE

elcome to the new academic year! Whether you're just beginning your journey in the electrical trade or are well on your way with your apprenticeship, SPARKS is here to guide you every step of the way. Make sure to check out our website and follow us on social media for all the latest resources and student updates.

In this edition, you'll find a range of revision exercises, practical tips, and an exciting announcement: the 'SPARKS Learner of the Year 2025' and 'SPARKS Female Skills 2025' competitions are now open for entries! Competitions offer a fantastic opportunity to demonstrate your abilities and connect with other students taking similar courses. Flip to page 34 to see just how far competitions could boost your career! Talk to your lecturer and sign up now.

Here’s to a successful year of learning, growth, and fun!

Celia Matthews

Editor

EDITOR: CELIA MATTHEWS celia.matthews@sng-publishing.co.uk

SENIOR GRAPHIC DESIGNER: LEE OWEN design@sng-publishing.co.uk

DIGITAL MANAGER: PHOEBE MANSFIELD phoebe.mansfield@sng-publishing.co.uk

BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT MANAGER: PATRICK BLORE patrick.blore@sng-publishing.co.uk

BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT MANAGER: SARAH HERNE sarah.herne@sng-publishing.co.uk

EVENT MANAGER: SAMANTHA COLE samantha.cole@sng-publishing.co.uk

MANAGING DIRECTOR: ZOË TANNER zoe.tanner@sng-publishing.co.uk

TECHNICAL CONTRIBUTORS: Luke Foster, Telford College

PRINTERS: Stephens & George, Wales

GENERAL ENQUIRIES

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written by our expert technical team, have all been updated to A2:2022. An absolute must have for your tool bag!

NAPIT Foundation is our free membership scheme available to students, colleges and training establishments across the UK.

Through this membership NAPIT Foundation members get access to expert technical support, industry news and updates, as well as discounts to industry publications and training rigs.

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Foundation are the Official Judging Partner of SPARKS Learner of the Year 2024

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DIGITAL COLUMN

SHOW OFF YOUR SKILLS!

Sharing your work online can help you make connections, build your brand, and even make some cash.

START NOW!

Even if you’re just starting out on your course, it’s never too early to start posting your journey!

BENEFITS FROM POSTING YOUR JOURNEY

NETWORKING ★

Social media is a great way to connect with and learn from other professionals in your industry.

EMPLOYABILITY

Documenting your work can highlight your skills and range of experience to potential future employers.

BUILDING YOUR BRAND ★

If you’re thinking of starting your own business one day, consistent posting can be a great way to build your name and attract customers.

CREDIBILITY

Positive reviews, testimonials, and showcasing your commitment to safety and quality standards can build trust with your audience, whether that’s future employers or future customers!

EARNING CASH!

With the right amount of research and dedication to your profile, you can even earn money through your social media account, whether that’s directly through the platform or through brand deals with manufacturers.

“CONSISTENT POSTING CAN BE A GREAT WAY TO BUILD YOUR NAME”

WHERE TO START?

KNOW YOUR PLATFORM

First of all, you’ll need to know which platform suits your style. Not all content performs well on all platforms, so it’s good to have a platform in mind when creating your content. Here’s our quick guide to help you get started.

★ Is your content instructional and more polished? It will probably thrive on YouTube Shorts.

★ Is your content short and more casual? Try it out on Instagram.

★ Is your content longer form and requires better editing tools? TikTok is the way to go.

To begin with, you might as well try out the same content on all platforms and see how your audience reacts to it. Always remember to respond to comments and engage with other accounts to establish yourself in the community!

AND, FINALLY....

MESSAGE US! We’re always looking to promote students and apprentices on our socials, so make sure to tag us in your work.

FIVE TO FOLLOW

@greenhawkconstruction

@jord_sparky

@firebeardelec

@when_life_gives_you_lumens

@sparky.mum

SCAN HERE

Head to the website to access free tips and tricks to ace college and kickstart your career.

At the end of your apprenticeship you’ll need to complete the AM2 or AM2S Assessment before you can become fully qualified.

WHAT IS THIS?

It’s an in-depth assessment where you have to carry out specific tasks to show what you have learned during your apprenticeship.

BE PREPARED!

NET has a Self-Assessment Checklist so you can look at exactly what you need to do and make sure you have gained the right knowledge and practical experience. The AM2/AM2S is the pinnacle of everything you’ve learnt during your apprenticeship. So why not be proud of your skills and training and make it your mission to pass first time?

Ask your training provider about the AM2 or AM2S Checklist or find out more at www.netservices.org.uk/candidate-guidance

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AM2 - HOW IT WORKS!

Recently started your apprenticeship? Are you aware of the AM2 assessment?

Did you know that at the end of your training you’ll need to take the AM2 assessment before you can become fully qualified?

WHAT DOES THIS MEAN?

It’s a bit like a driving test – you spend weeks or months learning how to drive, then the driving test is where you put everything into practice and you are marked against strict criteria. The AM2 is an in-depth assessment where you have to carry out specific tasks to show what you have learned during your apprenticeship.

“THE AM2 ASSESSMENT IS THE DRIVING

AM2S OR AM2D?

You’ll either take the AM2S or the AM2D assessment depending on whether you’re on the Installation & Maintenance Electrician apprenticeship, or the Domestic Electrician apprenticeship.

THE TEST

The whole test is split over three days, broken down into different sections such as safe isolation, installation, inspection, testing and certification, and fault finding. Strict exam conditions are in place, so this means no electronic devices or getting help from anyone else. You’ll be monitored by an independent assessor who will be marking your work as the assessment progresses.

Once you pass the assessment, it’s one of the final pieces of the puzzle to completing your apprenticeship and becoming a fully qualified electrician.

FIND OUT MORE

Why not take a look at what you’ll need to do during the assessment?

The NET website gives you much more information on the assessments and each section in detail, the checklists, how to best prepare and what happens during the assessment.

FUTURE-PROOF YOUR ELECTRICAL SKILLS!

Ready to be part of the energy and smart home revolution? Here are some stats to keep you updated on our rapidly evolving electrical industry!

SMART SECURITY SYSTEMS

Statistic: 60% of UK homes will have smart security systems by 2030.

Implication: Electricians will need to install and maintain advanced smart security solutions, including cameras, sensors, and alarms that can be monitored remotely.

HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEMS

Statistic: Home automation market expected to grow by 20% in the next decade.

Implication: Electricians will need skills in setting up and programming home automation systems that control lighting, heating, security, and entertainment.

ELECTRIC VEHICLES (EVS)

Statistic: Over 6.5 million EVs on UK roads by 2030.

Implication: Electricians will need the skills to install and maintain EV charging stations.

ENERGY EFFICIENCY RETROFITTING

Statistic: Potential £7.5 billion savings annually by 2030.

Implication: Electricians will be essential for upgrading electrical systems to improve energy efficiency, e.g. upgrading lighting systems to reduce energy consumption and lower utility bills.

MICROGRIDS AND DECENTRALISED ENERGY

Statistic: Increasing development of microgrids.

Implication: Electricians will need knowledge of microgrid technologies, including local generation and storage systems.

WIND ENERGY FARMS

Statistic: The UK aims to reach 50 GW of offshore wind capacity by 2030.

Implication: Electricians will need to be skilled in installing and maintaining both onshore and offshore wind energy systems.

Female Skills

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE HEALTH & SAFETY

QUIZ: PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

On the job, you'll face all sorts of risks, so make sure you're wearing the right Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).

Q1 What is the primary function of a hard hat?

A To keep your head warm

B To shield your head from falling objects and accidental bumps

C To make you look professional

D To store small tools

Q2 Why are safety goggles or specs important?

A To enhance your vision

B To protect your eyes from flying debris, sparks, and other airborne hazards

C To help you read small print

D To look stylish on-site Q3 How do ear defenders protect you?

A By enhancing your hearing

B By reducing loud noises from power tools and electrical equipment

C By providing music while you work

D By acting as a fashion accessory

keep you warm

To make you visible, especially in lowlight settings or on busy construction sites

C To hold tools and equipment D To add an extra layer of protection from electrical shocks

What do protective gloves guard against?

Only sharp objects

Only electrical shocks C Cuts, shocks, and abrasions from sharp objects and electrical hazards D Making your hands too warm

Why are knee pads essential?

A To improve your running speed B To offer comfort and protection when kneeling on hard surfaces or sharp objects

C To enhance your appearance

D To keep your knees warm and cosy whilst working

Q7 What benefit do steel toe caps provide? Ans.

A They make the boots lighter

B They prevent foot injuries from falling tools and heavy equipment

C They add extra grip on slippery surfaces

D They make the boots waterproof

Q8 What feature should workwear trousers have to provide extra safety for electricians?

A Multiple pockets

B Bright colours

C Lightweight fabric

D Flame-resistant material

Q9 Why are non-conductive electrical safety boots important for electricians, besides having steel toe caps? Ans.

A They provide electrical insulation

B They are made of waterproof material

C They come in various colours

D They have a stylish design

What type of jacket is recommended for electricians working outdoors?

Hi-vis, flame-resistant jacket

Q11 Why might an electrician wear a face shield?

A To protect against flying debris and electrical sparks

B To keep their face warm

C To improve their visibility

D To look more professional

What type of PPE should be worn to protect against respiratory hazards such as dust or fumes?

Ear defenders

Respirator or dust mask

Safety goggles

Hard hat

Ans.
Q10
Ans.
A
B Leather jacket
C Denim jacket
D Woollen jacket
Q12
Ans.
A
B
C
D

QUIZ: FILL THE GAPS

Ready to test your health and safety knowledge? Fill in the gaps by selecting the correct words or terms from the list provided below. Good luck!

1 An electrician should wear and when working live.

2 If you come across an unfamiliar piece of electrical equipment, you should to understand its operation.

3 A Residual Current Device (RCD) is primarily used to

4 If you see a damaged electrical cable, you should to ensure it is handled safely.

5 The Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 require that only persons can undertake electrical work.

6 When working with electricity, you should not

7 Portable electrical equipment in a high-risk environment should be tested every .

8 A properly worn safety hat can protect you from

9 A fire extinguisher is not suitable for electrical fires.

10 The first thing you should do when working with electrical systems is to and prove dead.

11 In the event of an electrical fire, the first thing you should do is , if it's safe to do so.

12 In the context of electrical enclosures, "IP" stands for .

Answers:

Refer to the manufacturer’s instructions

Rubber gloves and safety glasses

Isolate the system

Ingress Protection

Every six months

Disconnect the electricity

Qualified Report it to a supervisor

Water Falling objects

To prevent electric shock

Wear a metal watch or bracelet

Go to sparks-magazine.co.uk to download exercise answers for free.

Spot the ten differences between these two photos of a SPARKS Learner of the Year competitor hard at work.

19TH EDITION PREDICTIONS

As the electrical industry evolves, keeping up with the latest Wiring Regs is a must. Read on to hear from two Industry experts:

Connor Jenkins is an Electrical Lecturer and Assessor, and Luke Foster is an Electrical Lecturer at Telford College.

THE EXPERTS:

CONNOR JENKINS: One major change I foresee is the increased focus on smart home security. Smart devices, including smart locking systems that can be accessed remotely, could become a target for hackers. Future regulations might mandate the installation of approved devices with built-in cybersecurity measures to protect against hackers.

LUKE FOSTER: Another key area will be the integration of electronics with traditional electrical systems. We've already seen the introduction of devices like Type A RCDs that handle both AC and DC currents. As smart technology becomes more common, electricians will need to gain a deeper understanding of electronics to ensure a more holistic approach to installations. This could lead to new standards.

CONNOR JENKINS: Additionally, the renewable energy sector is evolving quickly. We might see specific qualifications required for installing and maintaining solar panels and battery storage systems. Ensuring that electricians are properly trained for these installations will be crucial for safety and efficiency.

LUKE FOSTER: With the rise in electric vehicles (EVs), we'll need robust charging infrastructure. Homes with multiple EVs may require significant upgrades to their electrical supplies. Future regulations might address the need for multi-point charging systems and ensure that existing electrical systems can handle the increased demand without safety risks.

CONNOR JENKINS: Advanced energy management systems will also become more important. These systems optimise energy use, storage, and generation, integrating renewable sources and managing EV charging demand.

LUKE FOSTER: Additionally, we'll see ongoing updates to protective devices, installation practices, and testing procedures to prevent electrical hazards and ensure that installations comply with the latest safety protocols.

By staying informed and upskilling where necessary, trainee electricians can position themselves to thrive in a rapidly advancing industry.

“THE 19TH EDITION IS EXPECTED RESHAPE SMART HOME AND ENERGY STANDARDS”

ELECTRIC CABLE

Selecting the right cable for the task at hand is important to ensure safe and efficient use of cable.

Test your knowledge with the following questions and tasks.

1 An electric cable is designed to safely carry

2 The typical construction of an electric cable will consist of a solid or conductor and a protective layer called the

3 Cable insulation is generally a layer of PVC that may be over-covered with an additional layer called the

4 The insulating material used in the construction of MICC cable is

5 The current rating of an electric cable depends on the method of installation and the cable

6 The cross-sectional area of an electric cable is expressed in mm² and refers to the of the conductor.

7 Complete the labels for the following cable samples...

8 Composite cables are cables that can be clipped direct to a surface and consist of two or more cores. One example of a composite cable is

9 The abbreviation BASEC is the registered mark for the

10 What is the function of the BASEC mark found on electric cables?

11 The following illustration shows a cable.

12 The following illustration shows an cable.

13 Flexible cable has a multi-strand core (usually 32 strands of copper conductor). All cores are insulated with an over-covering of PVC or silicon rubber as shown below.

TASK: Label the parts.

14 Single-phase power supplies into domestic premises may be supplied using a concentric cable. The central core is the line and the neutral conductor surrounds it and provides mechanical protection.

TASK: Label the parts.

15 PVC insulated Steel-Wire-Armour (SWA) has galvanised steel wires surrounding the insulated cores providing mechanical protection. Single and multicore versions are available.

TASK: Label the parts.

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16 In situations likely to have high temperatures present for long periods of time, or a risk of explosion exists, Mineral Insulated Copper Covered (MICC) cable may be selected. What are the two main advantages of MICC cable?

TASK: The illustration shows a single-core non-sheathed or bare copper sheath MICC cable. Label the parts.

17 Fire-Proof or FP cable is fire resistant and may be used where mechanical protection is required without secondary containment.

TASK: Label the parts shown in the illustration.

18 Fibre Optic cable is used for data transmission and electrical signals that need to be protected from electro-magnetic interference. The ‘conductor’ consists of a very fine glass fibre through which energy, in the form of light, is passed. (There is no solid copper or aluminium conductor and therefore current, as we understand it, will not pass through this type of cable).

TASK: Label the illustration for a single-core fibre optic cable.

SUMMARY OF CABLE FACTS

CONDUCTOR: Usually made from copper and arranged in solid, stranded or multi-stranded format for a range of cross-sectional areas.

INSULATION: This is the protective covering surrounding a conductor. Insulation is usually polyvinyl chloride (PVC), synthetic rubber or silicon rubber.

SHEATH: This provides the basic protection against electric shock and a mechanical protective layer for the conductors.

TWIN AND THREE-CORE ‘FLAT’ CABLE: Twin and Earth cables have an over-covering of PVC that provides mechanical protection for the separately insulated line and neutral conductors and the bare circuit protective conductor. This cable is a composite cable insofar as it can be clipped direct to a surface without additional protection or mechanical containment.

SPECIAL CABLES: PVC SWA, FP and MICC are composite cables and can be installed using proprietary clips or cleats and cable-ties without the need for secondary containment.

Go to sparks-magazine.co.uk to download exercise answers for free.

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CORRECTLY SIZING CABLE

Understanding the correct sizing of cables is crucial for safety and efficiency in electrical installations.

This guide will help you learn how to accurately measure and calculate the cross-sectional area (CSA) of a cable, ensuring you select the right cable for your needs.

Note: All cables are identified by the cross-sectional area of the conductor and not the overall cross-sectional area of the cable.

The cable size in mm² is the total area of the conductors.

To determine the CSA of a cable it will be necessary to measure the diameter of the conductor.

Measurement can be made using a ruler, callipers and ruler, or a micrometer.

1 Which one of the instruments listed above provides the most accurate result?

HOW TO CALCULATE THE CSA

To calculate the CSA having accurately measured the diameter of the conductor, it will be necessary to apply a formula.

One of two formulae can be used:

i. Area (a) = πd² ii. Area (a) = πr² Note: the diameter must be halved for this formula.

TRY THESE PROBLEMS:

2 A conductor has a diameter of 1.78mm. What is the CSA?

i. Area (a) = πd²

a =

3 A cable has a radius of 1.38mm. What is the CSA?

ii. Area (a) = πr²

a =

Diameter (d)

MANIPULATING FORMULAE

It may be a good idea to practice manipulation or transposing formulae at this stage:

WORKED EXAMPLE 1.

A cable has a CSA of 10mm². What is the cable diameter? (We could use either formula, but let’s keep things fairly simple) Remember we are looking for the diameter, so the answer will need to be doubled. Therefore, the formula can be adjusted as shown.

■ First rearrange the formula to make r² the subject:

a = πr² divide by π on both sides of the equal sign

■ Next rewrite the formula the right way round

r² = a

■ Finally to remove the (2) from r2 square-root the opposite side like this:

WORKED EXAMPLE 2.

Rearrange formula (i) and make d the subject.

■ Multiply both sides of the equal sign by 4.

■ Now divide both sides by π

■ Next, rewrite the formula the right way round.

■ Finally, remove the square from d and square-root the opposite side.

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WISER SMART HOME SOLUTIONS:

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EASY9 CONSUMER UNITS AND DEVICES:

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Wiser seamlessly integrates smart features with simplicity, offering the most complete home heating solution. It makes home personalisation affordable by allowing you to start with a smart room thermostat and expand to a full multi-zone system over time by adding radiator thermostats and incorporating electrical and/or underfloor heating. Wiser brings you a smarter, easier, and better home heating solution, making home personalisation both accessible and practical.

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READY TO DIVE IN? SECURE YOUR COPY BY DOWNLOADING IT NOW!

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“GO FOR IT. COMPETITIONS CAN CHANGE YOUR LIFE”

COMPETITIONS MATTER

If you follow WorldSkills, you’ll be familiar with Alex Rendall. From electrical apprentice to international champ, Alex shares why entering competitions is so important.

INVEST INYOURSELF BELIEVE INYOURSELF

2020 LEARNER OF THE YEAR

lex, a talented electrician from Somerset, began his journey by winning the SPARKS Learner of the Year title in 2020. He studied at Bridgwater & Taunton College and now works at the Abu Dhabi Centre for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (ACTVET) as a Vocational Trainer. Competing in WorldSkills, he earned a Medallion for Excellence in 2023 in Salzburg, inspiring many young electricians.

WHAT STEPS SHOULD A NEW ELECTRICIAN TAKE AFTER COLLEGE?

POSITIVE, ESPECIALLY

HOW DO YOU STAY

IF THINGS ARE GOING WRONG?

“Write a strong CV and make a LinkedIn profile, so employers can find you. You can do this before you leave college to help find an apprenticeship. Also, network with other electricians.”

ANY ADVICE FOR ANYONE WHO STRUGGLES WITH FEAR OF FAILURE?

“Use those fears as focus points to improve in those areas.”

WHAT’S NEXT FOR YOU?

“Where I work now, in the UAE, I’d like to work my way up the company.”

“I focus on areas that have the maximum marks and learn to stay calm, taking one step at a time.”

WHAT WOULD YOU DO DIFFERENTLY IN YOUR FIRST COMPETITION?

“Better time management! I’d use a stopwatch to keep track of time and how long I am taking on each task.”

“ENTERING COMPETITIONS CAN HELP BOOST YOUR CONFIDENCE”

ANY PITFALLS TO AVOID AT COLLEGE?

“Avoid unsupportive people! Also, don’t skip any classes or training. You’ll regret it later on.”

ALEX’S TOP TIPS

■ STAY FOCUSED ON YOUR END GOAL

■ INVEST PERSONAL TIME IN DEVELOPING YOUR SKILLS

■ BUILD A GOOD RELATIONSHIP WITH YOUR TUTOR

WHAT WOULD YOU SAY TO SOMEONE THINKING ABOUT ENTERING COMPETITIONS?

“Go for it. Competitions can change your life and open up a world of opportunities!”

WHY ARE COMPETITIONS IMPORTANT?

“Competitions boost your confidence. Winning SPARKS Learner of the Year and other competitions helped get my name out there and known to employers, which has progressed my career.”

HOW SHOULD SOMEONE PREPARE FOR SKILLS COMPETITIONS?

“Thoroughly study the test project,competitionrequirements,andtheinfrastructurelist.”

ANY KEY DO’S OR DON’TS FOR COMPETITIONS?

“Don’t underestimate the difficulty of the competition! Don’t turn up unprepared. Be ready for a worst-case scenario. Preparation is key.”

AT LEAST THE CABLES ARE CLEARLY MARKED...

IN ASSOCIATION WITH CRAP ELECTRICAL UK BAKED TO PERFECTION!

Not all electricians are lit, some are downright shocking! We’ve teamed up with Crap Electrical UK, to bring you our regular gallery of wacky wiring and lame lighting.

SPOT THE MISTAKE! IF IT WORKS...

Versatile Lighting:

Coverage for any task, ensuring no area is left in the dark.

Designed to Last the Task:

Extended working times at maximum output, without compromising battery life.

Hands-Free Operation:

Convenient hands-free operation with a variety of versatile mounting options.

Durable and Hardwearing:

Built from robust materials and IP-rated to withstand the toughest work environments.

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