WINTER 2020
THE ONLY MAGAZINE FOR STUDENT & APPRENTICE ELECTRICIANS
INSIDE... SPECIAL FEATURE: APPRENTICE OF THE YEAR HALL OF SHAME WHAT’S IN YOUR TOOLBAG? WITH JOE EATON
YOUR CLASSROOM COMPANION
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EDITOR: PHIL WILKINSON-JONES phil.wj@sng-publishing.co.uk DIGITAL EDITOR: TOM TRACEY tom.tracey@sng-publishing.co.uk GRAPHIC DESIGNER: LEE OWEN design@sng-publishing.co.uk TECHNICAL CONTRIBUTOR: Mike Davies ADVERTISING: PATRICK BLORE & ZOË TANNER sales@sng-publishing.co.uk
Welcome to SPARKS Magazine – it’s the start of a brand new decade and we’re excited about what the future holds.
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e’re kicking off the New Year in style as SPARKS Apprentice of the Year 2020 gets underway. Our Learner of the Month award will also be taking place throughout the year, giving you more chances to get your hands on some top prizes and get yourself featured in the mag.
MANAGING EDITOR: CELIA MATTHEWS celia.matthews@sng-publishing.co.uk PRINTERS Stephens & George, Wales
GENERAL ENQUIRIES To subscribe to SPARKS Magazine call 0121 767 1891 or subscribe online at www.sparks-magazine.co.uk
DISCLAIMER SPARKS Magazine is published by SNG Publishing Ltd (SNG). All content and artwork is © SNG Publishing Ltd or its contributors and SNG is a trade mark of SNG Publishing Ltd. No part of SPARKS Magazine may be copied, transmitted or published in any form or by any means without prior permission. Although SNG has made every effort to ensure the accuracy of this publication, it does not verify any claims or other information appearing in the advertisements contained in SPARKS Magazine. It therefore cannot accept any responsibility whatsoever for consequences that may arise from the content or artwork contained in SPARKS Magazine, including any errors or omissions or any opinions or advice given therein. This publication and its content is not a substitute for professional advice on a particular matter.
Talking of prizes, Schneider Electric is giving away a pair of Beats headphones, so head over to Page 9 for your chance to win. If you miss out, don’t panic – there are always fantastic giveaways going on over on our website. We’ll leave you with the news that electricians have been voted the UK’s friendliest tradespeople, which shows what a great industry you’re getting into. Remember that the future of the industry is you – so go out there and smash it!
Phil Wilkinson-Jones
Editor
Advertisements are accepted for publication in SPARKS Magazine only upon SNG Publishing Ltd standard terms of advertising.
SEARCH FOR SPARKS MAGAZINE © SNG Publishing Ltd, 2020
CONTENTS
FEATURES 04 SPARKS Times 06
#FixPix and Digital Column
09 Schneider Electric competition
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10
SPARKS Apprentice of the Year 2020
12 SPARKS Stars 15
WAGO’s new PUSH WIRE series
16 Through the Keyhole: Schneider
Electric Innovation Hub 19
Getting ready for the AM2 test
22 Powering the EV revolution
26
26
The causes of electrical fires
28 Installing Arc Fault Detection Devices 30
Keeping electricians safe
32 20 Questions with Electricians
40
Guide to Everything 35
Trusted wholesalers
37 How to choose the right fan 38
The ECS Card
40 What’s In Your Toolbag? with Joe Eaton 43
Meet the Sparky with Alfie Johnson
44 App-rentice
46
46
Hall of Shame
EXERCISES 20 Data cables and the CPR 24
Spot the difference
50 Circuit protection 51
Electrical heating
52 Electrical ventilation 54
Protection for safety
57 Wordsearch
TIMES T H E
L A T E S T
N E W S
F R O M
T H E
E L E C T R I C A L
SPARKS winner named SkillELECTRIC champion
I N D U S T R Y
Figures show electricians’ earning potential
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ew figures show just how good a living self-employed electricians can make for themselves. Hudson Contract analysed November 2019 payroll data for more than 2,200 construction companies in England and Wales, and found electrical contractors earned a weekly average of £1,195.
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en Kidner has been named the 2019 SkillELECTRIC Champion following a challenging three-day event at WorldSkills UK LIVE. Ben, who also won SPARKS Apprentice of the Year 2019, scored consistently in a complicated task to install a range of first and second fix items including PVC surface clipping, plastic conduit, steel conduit and trunking. Martyn Walley, Group Technical Director at Scolmore Group, said: “Ben secured his lead position ahead of his fellow competitors by remaining balanced and calm with his approach to the task.” Ben has now been selected to represent the UK at the Shanghai 2021 WorldSkills event.
New fire clips for fibre optic cables
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WA has launched a new set of fire clips that are fully compliant with the BS 7671. The 18th Edition Wiring Regulations prohibit the use of plastic clips or glues in fibre optic cable installations. SWA’s Firefly Push Grip Clips have a white steel finish and a melting point above 1300ºC, so fibre optics and other small cables are not left unsupported dangerously after a fire. Available in two sizes to support 0.9mm and 2.0mm cables, the clips are suitable for fixing in concrete, brick or wood. Once a hole has been drilled, the clips are fitted in seconds using just finger pressure or with the optional plastic fitting tool. For more information email sales@swaonline.co.uk
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SPARKS I WI NTE R 2 0 2 0 I S PARKS T IM E S
This is the highest figure since Hudson Contract started analysing subcontractor earnings in 2008. Electricians generated the highest earnings of all 17 construction trades covered by the company’s research. Ian Anfield, managing director of Hudson Contract, said: “Highly skilled freelancers are earning more than many white collar employees. This is a great message for young people considering a career in construction. If they work hard and develop the right skills, they can enjoy great rewards.”
> RICOMAN THINKING GREEN WITH NEW LIGHTS
> JTL OPENS NEW TRAINING CENTRE
Ricoman has launched a new modular ceiling light system – the O2 – which it says can help bring about environmental change in the industry.
Apprenticeship training provider JTL has opened a new centre in York.
The luminaire uses about 94% less plastic than a standard LED panel and at the end of its lifetime, the modules containing the light engines and drivers can be replaced without the need for any wiring or tools. The lighting modules within the luminaire are available with standard diffusing, recessed aperture defusing lenses, wall washing optics and low glare louvre options, as well as an LG7 diffuser that emits light onto the ceiling. All options can fit into a standard grid ceiling, be surface mounted or suspended. For more information visit www.ricomanled.com
The Lord Mayor of York, Councillor Janet Looker, officially opened the training facility. She was joined by local employers, who were given a tour of the centre. They also had the chance to speak to current JTL apprentices and trainers to find out more about the range of opportunities available to them in the local area. Following a £500,000 investment, the centre has been designed with a brand new and fully equipped electrical workshop. It offers 6,000 sq ft of teaching and workshop space over two floors, and comprises two modern teaching rooms, a meeting room, a refectory area and double-height workshops.
New EV charging qualification
Electricians the ‘friendliest’ tradespeople
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lectricians are the friendliest tradespeople, according to a new survey.
Research by My Job Quote found that 75% of Brits believe electricians to be the friendliest tradespeople. Plumbers were named as the friendliest by 68% and gardeners by 71%. My Job Quote found that 84% of respondents are grateful when tradespeople do not get annoyed when asked for an update. 79% appreciate tradespeople who give a valid reason and apologise for cancelling or turning up late. Nearly three quarters (72%) of Brits value tradespeople cleaning up after themselves and 61% appreciate workers asking permission to use the bathroom. The ‘friendliest’ tradespeople 1. Electricians 75% 2. Gardeners 71% 3. Plumbers 68%
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4. Heating/Ventilation/ Air Conditioning (HVAC) Engineers 64%
CL Awards has developed a new EV charging qualification. It is called Level 3 Award in the Installation and Commissioning of Electric Vehicle Charging Equipment in Domestic, Commercial and Industrial locations.
5. Window glaziers 60%
The qualification covers the installation of dedicated charging equipment for electric and plug-in hybrid road vehicles (PHEV), and extended range electric vehicles (E-REV).
8. Plasterers 49%
Both AC and DC charging equipment is included, complying with BS EN 61851 and The Code of Practice for Electric Vehicle Charging Equipment Installation. LCL Awards’ new EV charging qualification is available from its approved centres throughout the UK. For more information visit www.lclawards.co.uk
6. Painters and decorators 57% 7. Floorers 53% 9. Bathroom specialists 44% 10. Roofers 40% 11. Carpenters 36% 12. Builders 32% 13. Kitchen specialists 29% 14. Tilers 23%
DIGITAL COLUMN BY TOM TRACEY, DIGITAL EDITOR
If your long-term goal is to set up your own business, you need to know how to market yourself properly. Word of mouth is still a vital way of getting new business, but increasingly people will head straight to Google when they need an electrician. The latest figures from stats website Statista show that 16.5% of UK shopping is done online. The same website says that in 2021, 93% of UK internet users will do online shopping – the highest rate in Europe. So how can you, when offering a physical service, tap into this wealth of customers? It’s important to have a website that works for you. When people in your local area search online for an electrician, you want it to be your name they find. Make sure your homepage describes what you do, using images that reflect your business. Use a services page to list everything you offer – list everything, including that which may seem obvious, like wiring plug sockets. Think what a customer may type into Google and try to cover that. The final must-have page is a contact page, listing your business address, any contact numbers, email addresses or social media accounts you have. Make it easy for people to reach you.
GET IN TOUCH!
#FIX Everyone loves a good wiring pic. If you’ve worked on something epic, make sure you take a photo and tag us on social media with #FixPix so that you can get the recognition you deserve!
XPIX
ELECTRICAL FACTS ffering from es, patients su tim t en ci an In aches were as gout or head ch su ts en lm ai e hope that ectric fish in th el h uc to to ld em. to lt might cure th the power ful jo
In the novel Frankenste in, the scientist Victor Frankenstein bri ngs the monster to life using electricity.
Which? Trusted Traders surveyed more than 3,800 people and found tha t 70% of them had attempted to change soc kets and switches themselves, while 54% had attempted to replace a light fitting.
World Records, around According to Guinness uring 13cm (5in) long a dozen clay jars meas y are believed to be the were found in Iraq – the s, containing a world’s oldest batterie n rod. an copper cylinder d iro
Electrical Safety First found that 55% of all accidental domesti c fires in England had an electrical origin in 2017/2018.
light The Clapper, a ed at tiv switch ac as w , ng by clappi US e th in invented s. 0 8 9 in the 1
According to Statista, ther e are around 259,0 00 electricians an d electrical fitte rs in the UK.
ton Last year, a Wolverhamp to zap n va electrician wired up his -volt 00 2,0 a would-be thieves with s. -in ak bre shock after a spate of
#F I X PI X I WI NTE R 2020 I SPA RKS
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NEW 12V XR BRUSHLESS DRILL DRIVER DCD701
12V XR BRUSHLESS 1/4" IMPACT DRIVER DCF801
12V XR BRUSHLESS 3/8" IMPACT WRENCH DCF902
12V XR BRUSHLESS SCREWDRIVER DCF601
ALL THE PERFORMANCE TO GET THE JOB DONE. DEWALT® 12V XR® BRUSHLESS COMPACT RANGE Providing all the performance needed to complete applications quickly and efficiently, DEWALT® has released the smallest and lightest cordless products ever to be developed in its range, with an innovative new series of 12V XR® Brushless drilling and fastening tools. Despite their low weight and compact form factor, with these versatile drills, drivers and impact solutions, there is absolutely no compromise on power or durability. Thanks to the high quality, efficient DEWALT Brushless motor, you are guaranteed reliability and extended product life. This, coupled with the company’s 12V XR battery platform, means classleading runtime when you most need it.
Further valuable features include an integrated, bright LED worklight that provides exceptional visibility of the working area, and a moulded grip for extra comfort in operation. A practical, high-strength belt hook keeps each tool securely in place, and ready at hand when required. In addition, an onboard bit holder retains spare drill bits when not in use. DEWALT has also introduced the DCB124-XJ, a brand new 12V XR 3Ah slide battery pack that delivers up to 50% more runtime than DEWALT 10.8V batteries. Compatible with the existing 10.8V XR tool series and most XR chargers, this advanced battery system incorporates a convenient state-ofcharge indicator or ‘fuel gauge’ – alerting you to the remaining battery power level.
MYSCHNEIDER
ELECTRICIAN COMPETITION
WIN
BEATS HEADPHONES & 20 X 2-GANG USB LISSE WHITE MOULDED SOCKETS
Don’t miss out on this exclusive offer from Schneider Electric – only for SPARKS readers!
Schneider Electric is giving away a pair of Beats Studio3 wireless headphones and 20 x Schneider Lisse white moulded sockets. The headphones cancel exterior noise, allowing you to enjoy your music the way it was intended to be heard, while the multi-functional ‘b’ button allows you to take and make calls, control music and activate Siri. The sockets come with USB charging capability and can be combined with a shelf to rest a mobile phone on while charging (shelf not included).
HOW TO ENTER… SIMPLY VISIT www.schneider-electric.co.uk/electricianpartner to find out more and start your journey with us! Use promo code SPARKSLISSE on the registration form before Monday 18th May 2020 to enter this fantastic prize draw.
Good Luck! mySchneider Electrician portal is a free online hub with everything you need in one place, from training and business advice to product exploration through virtual reality and videos.
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H IP I AU TU MN 2 0 1 8 I C O M PE T I T IO N
C OM PE T I T I ON I WI NTE R 2020 I SPA RKS
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SPARKS I WI NTE R 2 0 2 0 I AOY 2 0 2 0
OF THE YEAR 2020
Official Van Sponsor
The winners of each regional event will go on to compete in the Grand Final, which will take place at Schneider Electric’s Innovation Hub in Coventry. Turn to page 16 to take a closer look at this impressive facility.
Students will take part in a live competition in a bid to impress our panel of expert judges. Running alongside the competition will be the popular Meet the Manufacturer series, which gives lecturers the chance to learn about the industry’s latest innovations and opportunities first-hand.
e start our journey at Petroc College’s Mid Devon Campus in January and the regional heats are rounded off at West College Scotland’s Paisley Campus in April, when SPARKS Apprentice of the Year lands in Scotland for the very first time.
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SPARKS will be travelling the length and breadth of the country in 2020 as our Apprentice of the Year competition takes place in colleges around the UK.
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9 FINAL Schneider Electric Innovation Hub 29th & 30th April
#SPARKS AOY20
APPRENTICE
Official Tool Sponsor
AOY 2020 I WI NTE R 2020 I SPA RKS
11
The best of luck to all those taking part in the competition – we’ll see you on the road
8 SCOTLAND West College Scotland, Paisley Campus Thursday 9th April
7 NORTHERN IRELAND Belfast Met, Castlereagh Campus Thursday 12th March
6 SOUTH EAST Bucks College Group, Wycombe Campus Thursday 13th February
5 MIDLANDS Stephenson College Tuesday 11th February
4 NORTH WEST Burnley College Thursday 30th January
3 NORTH EAST New College Durham Tuesday 28th January
2 WALES Cardiff and Vale College, Barry Campus Thursday 16th January
1 SOUTH WEST Petroc College, Mid Devon Campus Tuesday 14th January
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4
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3
STARS
As students up and down the country take part in SPARKS Apprentice of the Year 2020, we caught up with last year’s winner, Ben Kidner, and runner-up, Chris Davenport, to see how they are getting on. SPARKS: Looking back at the competition, what has been the biggest benefit of entering? BK: The biggest benefit of entering is the real confidence booster it has given me. SPARKS: How have the prizes helped you?
SPARKS Magazine: What have you been up to since the competition? Ben Kidner: A lot of training practicing for the SkillELECTRIC competition. I was actually awarded gold in the SkillELECTRIC competition and I’m now waiting to see if I have done enough to be eligible for the WorldSkills UK squad. Ben has now been named in the UK squad training for WorldSkills 2021 in Shanghai. SPARKS: Has your employer been giving you more responsibility since taking part? BK: Yes, since winning the competition I have been given the responsibility of running my own jobs.
BK: The prizes have helped me to improve my testing skills by having my own Kewtech Multimeter and I have been able to be quicker and more efficient thanks to the WAGO prize. SPARKS: What piece of advice would you give to people entering this year’s competition? BK: Keep calm, read your instructions and remember to double check your measurements when marking out as they are the foundations of your install.
SPARKS Magazine: What have you been up to since the competition? Chris Davenport: Since the competition I have been working hard at Legoland Windsor after managing to get myself a job as an animations engineer! SPARKS: Has your employer been giving you more responsibility since taking part? CD: My employer has given me all sorts of new opportunities to work and plan projects, from wiring upgrades to adding new effects to rides. SPARKS: Looking back at the competition, what has been the biggest benefit of entering? CD: The biggest benefit is definitely the confidence boost. Since the competition, I have been aiming to achieve bigger and better things that I wouldn't have before simply due to the confidence I have in myself, knowing my work has the quality and professionalism needed to finish in second place in the SPARKS competition. SPARKS: What piece of advice would you give to people entering this year’s competition? SPARKS: What is the best thing about the competition? BK: The generosity of the sponsors and the huge support from all of the SPARKS team. SPARKS: What did you find hardest last year? BK: The hardest things last year were the bridge sets in the PVC conduit – being able to get each one bent exactly the same. SPARKS: What do you hope to achieve in your career? BK: I hope to have my own company one day in the future.
“The biggest benefit of entering is the real confidence booster it has given me”
CD: My advice is practice, practice, practice! Don't stop practising until you can get it all done perfectly with your eyes closed! SPARKS: What do you hope to achieve in your career? CD: Since the final I have managed to land my dream job working in the special effects theme park industry. I hope to continue to improve my skills across a wide range of types of electrics and climb the career ladder in this niche industry!
“My employer has given me all sorts of new opportunities to work and plan projects”
WANT TO BE IN THE TRADE BUT NOT ON THE TOOLS? If so, an apprenticeship in electrical wholesaling with Electric Center, the UK’s market leading distributor, could be for you! Are you enthusiastic, motivated and interested in joining a team that plays a vital role in the electrical industry? An apprenticeship with Electric Center will give you a great foundation for a future career in the dynamic and fast paced world of electrical wholesale distribution.
To find out more email: sparks@electric-center.co.uk or visit www.electric-center.co.uk/careers Alternatively, why not drop by your local Electric Center branch and take a look around?
Find your nearest Electric Center by downloading our easy to use Branch Locator App. Search ‘Electric Center’
2773 SERIES THE WAY TO CONNECT
WAGO, the connection technology specialist, is launching its new COMPACT 2773 PUSH WIRE® series in the first quarter of 2020.
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he 2773 series builds upon the success of the 773 and 2273 series, combining the benefits of both into one new connector series which can accept conductors with a cross section up to 4mm² and a current rating of up to 32A.
with one another. The space-saving flat design means they are ideal for even the tightest of spaces, such as behind switches or electrical sockets. Approved for voltages up to 450V, they are ideal for building installations and three-phase current applications.
Available in 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8-conductor versions, the connectors accept solid conductors from 0.75mm² to 4mm², and 7-stranded conductors from 1.5mm² to 4mm².
While speed and simplicity are important, WAGO also wants to make work safer and more reliable. This is achieved with easy-to-read technical markings, a transparent enclosure enabling quick visual inspection of conductor termination, and a test point for continuity testing once installed.
Using the WAGO COMPACT 2773 series connectors, both solid and stranded conductors can be connected easily, quickly and reliably
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DID YOU KNOW? THE DIFFERENT VERSIONS OF THE 2773 SERIES ARE COLOUR CODED.
2-WIRE – WHITE
3-WIRE – ORANGE
Please contact ukmarketing@wago.com to request a free sample pack. www.wago.com 4-WIRE – RED
5-WIRE – YELLOW
6-WIRE – DARK GREY
8-WIRE – LIGHT GREY
“Solid and stranded conductors can be connected easily, quickly and reliably”
THE KEYHOLE
THROUGH
SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC’S INNOVATION HUB
“Businesses need to be ready for the smart industry of the future”
Schneider Electric’s new interactive Innovation Hub was launched last year at the company’s Coventry site. In April, it will host the Grand Final of the SPARKS Apprentice of the Year competition.
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he Innovation Hub gives customers the chance to interact with Schneider Electric’s Internet of Things (IoT) solutions for machine and plant, to discover how easily automation can be digitally transformed. Businesses need to be ready for the smart industry of the future, and the Innovation Hub showcases the possibilities to get there. The Hub features smart solutions for safety, automation and manufacturing, all of which help to ensure that businesses can run smooth and efficient day-to-day operations. Realtime data is used to improve insight, maintenance and decision making,
giving businesses full control instead of just management. Additionally, the Innovation Hub showcases variable speed drives, which help to reduce machine costs and boost performance, and enclosures which protect and maintain assets, even in the most severe environments.
fast pick-and-place actions with capacities of up to 60kg. With stainless kinematics, they are well suited for the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics and beverage industries, across handling and packaging applications. See the robots get to work at super speed!
Customers can explore Schneider’s IoT-enabled plug-and-play software, for use in homes, buildings, data centres, infrastructure and industries. Tools and information are provided in an easy-to-use format, enabling plant personnel to become key decision makers. Highlights of the Innovation Hub include the PacDrive Delta 2 and 3 robots, which are designed for
You can take a virtual tour of the Hub at 360testbed.co/schneider_coventry
T H ROU G H T H E KE Y H OL E I WI NTE R 2020 I SPA RKS
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Replacement made easy.
Mira Jump Multi-fit Electric shower 36 combinations for electrical and water connections to make replacement easy. Showers designed alongside installers, for installers.
www.mirashowers.co.uk
PREPARE TO SUCCEED
National Electrotechnical Training (NET) on how to ensure you’re ready to take the AM2 or AM2S test.
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t the end of your electrical apprenticeship you’ll need to take the AM2 or AM2S test, or the FICA in Scotland before you can become fully qualified. You may also hear this called an ‘End Point Assessment’. In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, the ‘Readiness for Assessment Checklist’ from NET helps you work out exactly that: whether you are ready for the assessment. There’s no secret about what you have to do during your AM2 or AM2S – it’s all laid out in the checklist. Under each section you’ll be able to look at what you’ll need to do, so you can ask yourself, ‘how much knowledge and experience do I have in this area?’
“If you can’t select at least ‘Adequate’ for every statement in the checklist, you’re unlikely to be ready” Your training provider should be sitting down with you and your employer towards the end of your apprenticeship, to look honestly at your current abilities in each area, and where the gaps are. If you can’t select at least ‘Adequate’ for every statement in the checklist, you’re unlikely to be ready for the assessment.
If there are areas where you’re not feeling confident, your training provider should produce an action plan to work on the items where you need more knowledge or practical experience.
HOT TIP SIT DOWN WITH YOUR EMPLOYER AND TRAINING PROVIDER TO LOOK HONESTLY AT YOUR SKILLS IN EACH AREA
> DON’T SET YOURSELF UP TO FAIL Before you’re allowed to book your AM2 or AM2S assessment, the checklist must be signed by you, your employer and training provider to confirm you’re ready. It’s really important that you do not sign the checklist until you feel you’re 100% confident that you can take the assessment. > GO FOR GOLD!
Ask your training provider about the AM2 or AM2S Checklist or find out more at www.netservices.org.uk/candidate-guidance
The AM2/AM2S is the pinnacle of everything you’ve learnt during your apprenticeship. So why not be proud of your skills and training and make it your mission to pass first time?
T R A I N I N G I WI NTE R 2020 I SPA RKS
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TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
DATA CABLES AND THE CPR READ THE ARTICLE AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
Data communications, power and control cables all come under the Construction Products Regulation (CPR), designed to consider the reaction of cables within a fire. Gary Parker, Technical Manager at the ECA, tells us what we need to know.
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ore than ever, data communications and control cables are built into the fabric of our homes and offices, alongside traditional power cables. But with more connectivity comes a larger number of conduits along which a fire could spread.
> THE CPR ABCs The CPR covers all construction products and classifies them by their reaction to fire. It is also the reason behind the CE marks seen on many construction products. To keep up with the new ways cables in buildings are made, installed, used and maintained, the CPR was updated and became a legal requirement in 2017. The CPR enables designers, specifiers and consumers to compare the safety performance of products that may have come from different manufacturers.
> STOPPING FIRE IN ITS TRACKS
> WHAT ABOUT BREXIT?
Government statistics show that, in England, in 2017/18, there were around 46,000 fires involving fatalities, casualties or rescues. In 7%, or about 3,200 of these fires, wiring insulation was identified as the main material responsible for fire propagating.
Despite Britain’s intention to leave the European Union, it is understood that CE marking will remain a prerequisite for anyone selling cables within the EU. What we know for certain is that CPR will still apply to all construction sales, both in the EU and in the UK.
Data communications cables currently available in the UK are insulated, bedded or sheathed with materials such as PVC, TPE, nylon, metal weaving and mercerised cotton. Each reacts differently to fire and will have a different EuroClass rating. To fully understand the CPR and EuroClass, it’s important to make the distinction between two similar but separate properties of cables when exposed to fire.
1. REACTION TO FIRE describes a cable’s behaviour during combustion, as well as how it might contribute to developing or spreading a fire. 2. RESISTANCE TO FIRE describes a cable’s ability to continue operating as normal during a fire. The CPR at the moment only relates to a cable’s reaction to fire.
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SPARKS I WI NTE R 2 0 2 0 I DATA CAB L E S
“With more connectivity comes a larger number of conduits along which a fire could spread”
EUROPEAN CLASSIFICATION
REACTION TO FIRE (UNDER CPR)
Aca
Does not contribute to fire propagation/heat emission
B1ca
Minimum contribution to fire propagation/heat emission
B2ca
Very limited contribution to fire propagation/heat emission
Cca
Combustible – limited contribution to fire propagation/heat emission
Dca
Combustible – average contribution to fire propagation/heat emission
Eca
Combustible – high contribution to fire propagation/heat emission
Fca
Undetermined contribution to fire propagation/heat emission
> TOP OF THE CLASS Under CPR, European Classification replaces IEC 60332-1-2:2004, which was the previous benchmark for assessing the flammability of cables. Because methods of testing cables have changed drastically, direct comparisons to the old standard are not exactly straightforward. These classes (above) broadly align with classes A to F used for other construction products, which are already referred to in UK Building Regulations.
> SELECTING AND DESIGNING WITH CPR In all cases, the designer or cable specifier will ultimately be responsible for selecting the appropriate classification of cable.
Q1 In what year did the CPR become a legal requirement? Answer: ........................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ Q2 In 2017/18, in what percentage of fires involving fatalities, casualties or rescues was wiring insulation identified as the main material responsible for fire propagating? Answer: ........................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ Q3 What is the difference between a cable’s reaction to fire and its resistance to fire? Answer: ........................................................................................................
Safety should always be the first consideration, especially for buildings where vulnerable people may be restricted in their ability to escape a fire, such as care homes or hospitals.
........................................................................................................................
High rise buildings, buildings with high fire risk or buildings with high traffic, such as offices, shopping centres or conference centres would also warrant higher levels of safety from the hazards of burning cables.
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Q4 Will CPR still apply to construction sales after Brexit? Answer: ........................................................................................................
Q5 What was the benchmark for assessing the flammability of cables before European Classification? Answer: ........................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ Q6 What classification describes a cable as having “very limited contribution to fire propagation/heat emission”? Answer: ........................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................
DATA CABL E S I WI NTE R 2020 I SPA RKS
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18TH EDITION: POWERING THE EV REVOLUTION
Ushering in a new ‘green’ era for electrical safety, the 18th Edition of the IET Wiring Regulations came into force in January 2019. A year on, Michael Kenyon, Technical Manager at Bureau Veritas, gives an update on the new framework’s impact on electric vehicles.
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he rapidly evolving rules on electric vehicle charging are facing a major update since the 18th Edition was published in July 2018.
rapid charging points. Despite being a fledgling industry, the technology in this area is developing at such a fast pace and wiring regulations are being amended to reflect this.
As part of its Road to Zero strategy, the UK government has ambitious targets in place for half of all new cars sold to be ‘ultra-low emission’ by 2030 – and with sales of electric cars at their highest level to date, creating a world-class charging infrastructure is critical.
> CLEARER GUIDANCE
The installation of electric charging points represents a massive growth opportunity for the electrical contracting industry, especially as the government recently announced a £400 million fund to help develop
Initial guidance focused on the earthing requirements and the use of RCDs in such installations. This led to the Code of Practice for Electric Vehicle Charging Equipment Installations moving on to its 3rd Edition. As such, there’s a greater onus for installers of EV charging points to be accredited by the Office for Low Emission Vehicles (OLEV) as well as clearer guidance on different types of RCDs and how to test them.
The Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) will publish a stand-alone update to Section 722 in early 2020, as part of a new amendment to BS 7671:2018. It follows advances in technology such as integrated EV charging devices.
> QUICKER AND EASIER This latest update is expected to make installing charging points quicker and easier, and cheaper for both installers and consumers. It will also most likely provide further changes to the earthing requirements for EV charging points.
HOT TIP BEING ACCREDITED BY OLEV GIVES YOU ACCESS TO GRANTS SUCH AS THE ELECTRIC VEHICLE HOMECHARGE GRANT (EVHS) OR WORKPLACE CHARGING GRANT (WCS)
For further information, call 0345 600 1828 or visit www.bureauveritas.co.uk
Prove your skills with the ECS card
Get your Apprentice ECS card while you’re training.
When you've completed your apprenticeship you can apply for your ECS gold card straight away - and also get ECS Registered Electrician status if you have the 18th Edition Wiring Regulations.*
Download the MyECS app to show your virtual card from your mobile!
*If you hold the 17th Edition Wiring Regulations qualification you can gain an ECS gold card when you complete your apprenticeship. You can then upgrade to Registered Electrician status once you have the 18th Edition. To find out more visit www.ecscard.org.uk/apprentice
SPOT THE DIFFERENCE 24
Spot the six differences between these two photos of a SPARKS Apprentice of the Year competitor hard at work.
Go to sparks-magazine.co.uk to download exercise answers for free
SPARKS I WI NTE R 2 0 2 0 I S P OT T HE D IF F E RE N C E
DON’T PLAY WITH
FIRE…
CIRCUIT PRO CONSUME SCHNEIDER ELE
You’re sleeping soundly when suddenly your smoke alarm sounds. Is it a false alarm, or are you in danger? As smoke starts to curl under the door, you realise it’s real and jump out of the window to safety.
Crushing
26
Exposed wires
Fastener damage
Loose plugs
SPARKS I WI NTE R 2 0 2 0 I C IRC UI T PROT EC T I ON A N D C ON SU M E R U N I T S
Pests
O
utside, you watch helplessly as your house and all your possessions go up in flames. You’re now among the victims of the 280,000 electrical fires that occur each year in Europe, according to the European Fire Academy.
> WHAT CAUSES AN ELECTRICAL FIRE?
OTECTION & ER UNITS ECTRIC - AFDDS ?
DID YOU KNOW? THREE MINUTES IS ALL IT TAKES FOR A FIRE TO CONSUME AN ENTIRE ROOM 70% OF FIRES IN HOMES START AT NIGHT
Many electrical fire risks are easily identifiable. Old appliances, faulty outlets and damaged wires are easy to spot and fix. There’s one insidious electrical danger, however, which lurks in homes and buildings: arc faults. An arc fault is an unintended electrical discharge in a circuit, caused by loose, damaged or corroded wires and terminals. Over time, arc faults generate enough heat to ignite surrounding material. Invisible to the naked eye, this phenomenon can occur even with a weak current and is not detectable by circuit breakers or Residual Current Devices. Wires particularly at risk of arc faults are those which are pinched or squashed, are subject to continual furniture movements, are located under carpets, or are not plugged in properly to an outlet.
> HOW AN ARC FAULT DETECTION DEVICE CAN SAVE LIVES An AFDD is a circuit breaker installed in electrical distribution boards alongside other protective equipment. By immediately cutting off the electricity supply when a dangerous arc fault is detected, the device prevents the fault from reaching a temperature where fire can break out. AFDDs are extremely sensitive and are designed to sense and respond only to potentially dangerous arcs. In the latest 18th Edition of the Wiring Regulations, a new regulation (421.1.7) has been introduced recommending the installation of AFDDs in AC final circuits of a fixed installation. Although it is still only advisory, this regulation reflects the growing focus on arc faults and the role they play in causing potentially fatal fires. From design to completion, the best electrical installations keep fire prevention and safety front of mind. Schneider Electric offers the solutions and expertise that help put you ahead of potential problems. Remember, prevention is always better than cure.
To find out more, sign up to mySchneider Electrician portal, a free resource with training, product information, news, promotions, a rewards scheme and more: se.com/uk/apprentice-electrician
Pinching
Poor termination
Tight corners
Worn insulation
C IRC UI T PROT EC T I ON A N D C ON SU M E R U N I T S I WI NTE R 2020 I SPA RKS
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INSTALLING ARC FAULT DETECTION DEVICES
Crabtree Arc Fault Detection Devices (AFDDs) include an integral RCBO and provide overload, short circuit, earth leakage and arc fault protection from a single device. AFDDs offer additional protection against fires caused by arc faults by detecting and disconnecting faults that MCBs, RCDs and RCBOs can’t detect.
I
n the UK, the 18th Edition of the BS 7671 Wiring Regulations requires installers to protect people and properties against risks and danger from the ignition, including arcing, and propagation of fire from electrical installations. Whether you’re looking at a system for new or retrofit installations, your AFDD requirements need not change the way you design your electrical systems. This is because Crabtree AFDDs fit into standard consumer units, and provide overload, short circuit, earth leakage and arc fault protection from a single (MCB-sized) device.
HOT TIP AS CRABTREE AFDDs ARE TWO-POLE SWITCHING, BOTH LIVE AND NEUTRAL OUTGOING CIRCUIT CABLES MUST BE CONNECTED TO THE DEVICE.
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SPARKS I WI NTE R 2 0 2 0 I C IRC UI T PROT EC T I ON A N D C ON SU M E R U N I T S
> HOW DOES THE CRABTREE AFDD WORK? Using digital technology to constantly monitor circuit conditions, the Crabtree Starbreaker Mini AFDD is able to distinguish between operational sparking – for example, in appliance motors – and abnormal activity that could denote a dangerous event. When an arc fault occurs, the Crabtree AFDD will activate the trip mechanism and fully isolate the circuit in question. Once the AFDD is re-energised, a yellow indicator will flash, identifying the type of fault. The device can then be reset once the fault has been cleared, by pressing the test button.
> TIPS ON INSTALLING A CRABTREE AFDD AFDDs should be installed in the consumer unit or distribution board, at the origin of the circuit that’s being protected. In order to install the device, simply clip the AFDD into place and it will instantly self-connect to the plugin busbar.
During the initial verification the test button can be used to verify correct operation of the unit. It can also be used to verify the AFDD functions during periodic inspection and regularly by the user.
> WHAT DO THE REGULATIONS SAY ABOUT AFDDs? AFDDs may well be new to the UK wiring regulations but protection against the risks of electrical fires has always been a mandatory requirement. Chapter 13 of BS 7671 requires designers and installers to provide for the safety of people and property against dangers that may arise from the reasonable use of electrical installations. It states that the risk of injury may result from excessive temperatures that are likely to cause burns, fires etc. It also states that risks of injury may arise from arcing or burning. The scope of chapter 42 includes protection against fire caused by electrical equipment, protection where particular risks of fire exist,
protection against burns and protection against overheating. Regulation 421.1.7 recommends arc fault protection devices are used to provide additional protection against fire caused by arc faults in 230 AC final circuits. RCDs can’t protect against arc faults. Neither can MCBs.
?
DID YOU KNOW? REGULATORS RECOMMEND THAT AFDDs SHOULD BE INSTALLED IN PREMISES WITH: • SLEEPING ACCOMMODATION • A RISK OF FIRE DUE TO THE NATURE OF PROCESSED OR STORED MATERIALS • COMBUSTIBLE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS (WOODEN BUILDINGS) • FIRE PROPAGATING STRUCTURES (HIGH RISE BUILDINGS) • ENDANGERING OF IRREPLACEABLE GOODS (NATIONAL ARCHIVES, MUSEUMS)
> WHY CHOOSE CRABTREE?
Crabtree Single MOD AFDD Consumer unit
Until recently, installers have had no access to AFDDs. Early models were too big and took up too much space, or did not fit into standard consumer units. The new Crabtree Starbreaker Mini AFDD overcomes this barrier by combining all three layers of protection in one 18mm module.
For more information go to www.electrium.co.uk/mini-AFDD
C IRC UI T PROT EC T I ON A N D C ON SU M E R U N I T S I WI NTE R 2020 I SPA RKS
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KEEPING OUR ELECTRICIANS
SAFE
The Safety Bundle (SK2019) costs £94.95 +VAT and is available to buy from CEF stores or at cef.co.uk
Establishing safe working practices is essential during your apprenticeship and filling your toolbox with the best tools to get the job done safely is vital. That’s why electrical wholesaler CEF has bundled lifesaving equipment into an affordable pack for electricians.
E
ncouraging installers to “work safer” is high on the agenda for CEF and its supplier Super Rod. Shockingly, a recent survey by Super Rod revealed that a quarter of electricians rarely or never use a lock out kit to isolate the electrical supply they are working on, and one in five don’t even carry one in their van or tool bag. The tragic consequences of failing to implement safe isolation procedures is highlighted by ‘Michael’s Story’. Michael Adamson was just 26 when he died after coming into contact with mains voltage power in an incident at work in August 2005. Michael was an experienced electrician but there were a number
30
of health and safety failings on the site where he was working. Since then, his sister Louise Taggart has been campaigning tirelessly to raise awareness of the need for safer working practices in the electrical industry.
> SAFETY TOOLS BUNDLE To support Louise’s efforts, CEF and Super Rod want to get more installers thinking about their health and safety at work and in particular, help apprentices get into the habit of following guidelines and working safely from day one. As a result, they have created a safety tools bundle in co-operation with Klein Tools, Megger Instruments and MCG to address all of the issues highlighted by Michael’s Story.
SPARKS I WI NTE R 2 0 2 0 I SAF E WO RKIN G
“Installer safety is of paramount importance to us as a wholesaler,” said CEF’s Commercial Director Andrew Moseley. “Whether that’s ensuring electricians have the PPE they need, or the safest high quality tools to use on the job, we want to encourage more people to work safer and ensure Michael’s Story doesn’t happen again. Our safety tools bundle contains a lock out kit, voltage tester and a set of VDE rated insulated pliers at a discounted price, making it more affordable for our customers.”
For more information visit: www.cef.co.uk
20
Sam McDouall and Ricky Howell are the hosts of the Electricians Guide to Everything podcast, which gives insights into the industry through interviews with electricians and more.
QUESTION brand? Favourite tool Sam : DEWALT T Ricky : DEWAL
Favour ite film ? Sam : Ir on Man Ricky : A Bronx Tale
ast (apart from Favourite podc hing)? uide to Everyt Electricians G nce Rogan Experie Sam : The Joe ld lent Bob Get O Ricky : Jay & Si
n, ’t an electricia If you’re weren ? u be what would yo Sam : Lawyer le, ng helping peop Ricky : Somethi aybe a paramedic m
Go-to takeaw ay? Sam : Pizza Ricky : Indian
Most useful su
perpower for an electrician? Sam : X-ray visi on Ricky : Being ab le to see in the dark
er done? Scariest thing you’ve ev maha R1 – on a Sam: 197mph on my Ya closed road of course! by at 25 with Ricky : Started playing rug t rules or the game. absolutely no clue abou I learnt quickly!
RICKY
Biggest influence on yo
ur career? Sam: My brother Ricky : My grandad and my mentor during my apprenticesh ip, Sooty
tricians? prentice elec Best tip for ap ired Sam : Stay insp good attitude. Ricky : Have a ything! Attitude is ever
@EGTEpodcast
NS Ric
Best packed lunch comb o? Sam: Homemade spicy chicken and salad wraps with Encona hot sauce and mayonnaise Ricky : Peanut butter an d banana tor tilla wrap, sandwich and fruit – bu t most of the time I’m buying cafe food
Most prized possessio n? Sam: My hunting bow – never used, of course Ricky : My family, which sounds weird but it’s the only thing in my life that simply could not be replaced
e task Least favourit b? to do on the jo Sam : Tidying up Ricky : Clipping
u’ve met? Most famous person yo C fighter) Sam: Michael Bisping (UF I was a kid and Ricky : Ray Parlour, when a massive Arsenal fan
rm? al media platfo Favourite soci m Sam : Instagra for EGTE rsonal, Twitter pe r fo In ed nk Li ky : Apple or Andro
id? Sam : Android Ricky : Hmmm … Android conver t this ye ar
Describe what an electr ician is in three words? Sam: Diligent, professio nal, on time Ricky : Smart, confident, misunderstood
uit? Favourite bisc ble Sam : Fox's Dou nch Cream Chocolate Cru Ricky : Cookie
Night in on the sofa or
a big night out? Sam: Sofa Ricky : Sofa every time
ch? w electrical te Best bit of ne for a while ught anything bo ’t en av H : Sam i camera the Ferret WiF Ricky : Got to be
Best bit of branded me rch (freebie) you’ve received? Sam: UNILITE SLR-100 0 Ricky : Ferret WiFi came ra
SAM
Motor testing at its best MTR105
Rotating Machine Tester The new Megger Baker MTR105 hand-held static motor tester is designed for performing multifunctional tests on motors. All in one device at an affordable price. n Insulation Resistance tester n DLRO (Digital Low Resistance Ohmmeter) n Voltmeter n Motor rotation tester n LCR meter n Temperature measurement n CAT III 600 V (up to 3000 m)
Learn more at megger.com/MTR105
A TRUSTED SOURCE OF INFORMATION In the fast-moving world of electrical contracting, products are continually being updated and new technologies are regularly brought to market. This can make it difficult for an electrical contractor to keep up-to-date with the latest developments.
“The help and product advice provided by electrical wholesalers ranks highly among tradespeople”
HOT TIP ASK YOUR LOCAL ELECTRICAL WHOLESALER FOR ADVICE ON FINDING THE BEST PRODUCT FOR A JOB
E
lectricians, in days gone by, would have relied mostly upon their suppliers, colleagues in the trade and perhaps electrical trade magazines for help and advice on new products.
> SOURCE OF INFORMATION Nowadays there is a far wider source of information available via the internet and social media, but reliance and trust in the traditional help and product advice provided by the electrical wholesaler still ranks very highly among electrical tradespeople. A recent Electrical Distributors’ Association (EDA) sector study placed manufacturers’ websites and helplines as the most-used sources
of product advice but wholesale trade staff were still placed third – above trade magazines, industry websites and other contractor recommendations. Clearly the day-to-day contact and trust that an electrician develops with their local electrical wholesaler is still a very important, trusted source for advice on the best products for a particular job or installation.
> STUDY PROGRAMME Despite the seemingly unstoppable march of electronic media, it is the information provided at the trade counter or at the end of the phone line that is still most highly valued in what is still a very ‘people dealing
with people’ industry. Electric Center has invested heavily in staff training and development, with many staff progressing through the EDA product knowledge workbook programme. Graduate trainees are taken through an extensive workplace andstudy programme leading to professional qualifications. It is this expertise and trusted intermediary status that enables Electric Center to provide the added value insight to customers on new brands, technologies and products.
For more information check out www.electric-center.co.uk
WH OL E SA L E R S I WI NTE R 2020 I SPA RKS
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Studying for a career in the electrical industry?
Find out how the IET can help
As co-publisher of BS 7671 (IET Wiring Regulations), we have lots of information and guidance available to help you get into the electrical industry. From informative articles on different ways into industry and the most relevant qualifications, to videos designed to help de-mystify certain areas of the Wiring Regulations, our website is full of useful resources for electrical students, including: – – – –
Books for students, such as the Student’s Guide to the IET Wiring Regulations The Student’s Guide video series including topics such as Safe Isolation and Risk Assessment Wiring Matters magazine articles to help you with your studies A job profile bank detailing some of the many different career options available to you when you qualify
Visit theiet.org/elec-students to find out more
HOW TO CHOOSE THE RIGHT FAN
Customers are becoming more discerning when it comes to selecting products for their homes and many look to their electrician for expert advice when choosing a bathroom fan. But not all four-inch fans are the same. Here are VentAxia’s top tips.
> RIGHT AIRFLOW First things first… a fan must meet a home’s ventilation needs. Indoor environment is improved by effective ventilation and customers want good indoor air quality, free from the dangers of condensation and mould. A variable speed fan allows you to adjust fan speed to achieve the correct airflow, making it an ideal fan for your van.
HOT TIP WHEN CHOOSING A FAN FOR A CONFINED SPACE, WIN BROWNIE POINTS BY SUGGESTING A SILENT FAN
> KEEP IT QUIET An average extractor fan operates at 35dB(A). This is loud in a confined space. So win brownie points from your customer by suggesting a silent fan. For example, Vent-Axia’s Silent Fan operates as low as 12dB(A).
quoted are what households will actually experience. With climate change firmly on the agenda, customers are increasingly asking for energy efficient fans, which also help lower bills.
> EASE OF INSTALL Fans suitable for window, ceiling or wall mounting enable you to find the right spot for the fan every time. An IPX5-rating (for Zone 1) also makes install easy and safer since the fan can be installed in the splash zone – making it a great choice for any size of bathroom.
> ENSURE PERFORMANCE
> RELIABILITY AND ACCREDITATION
Double check a fan’s performance. Many manufacturers quote performance levels when fans are ‘free to air’. Others quote their fans’ installed performance, so the levels
Consumers want proof of a product’s credentials and a good warranty. For example, the Silent Fan’s variable speed models come with a five-year warranty and the fan’s ultra-low noise levels, have earned it the Quiet Mark seal of approval.
With such a wide choice of fans on the market it can be hard to know which to recommend to households. But with the latest fans offering a host of features, ease of installation and low noise levels it’s never been simpler to select the right fan for the job. Find out more at www.vent-axia.com/silent V E N T I L AT I ON I WI NTE R 2020 I SPA RKS
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PROVE YOUR SKILLS WITH THE ECS CARD Whatever stage you’ve reached in your apprenticeship, you’re probably already thinking about your future, when your dedication to work and training are rewarded with a fulfilling job and growing bank account!
P
roving what skills and qualifications you’ve achieved is essential during your apprenticeship and your working life – whether it’s to allow you access to construction sites, or to progress throughout your career. The ECS Card provides this proof for you. Holding an ECS Card shows that your skills and qualifications have been checked and verified by the Electrotechnical Certification Scheme. It’s the only card scheme for electrotechnical operatives in the UK that’s partnered with CSCS, and it’s recognised and endorsed by the electrical industry.
the Joint Industry Board (JIB). If not, they can still register you with the JIB or you can apply for one at any stage of your apprenticeship. Once you’ve got your card, download the MyECS app to show your virtual ECS card with pride!
> ECS APPRENTICE CARD You may well already have received your first ECS Apprentice Card if your training provider registers you with
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SPARKS I WI NTE R 2 0 2 0 I T R AIN IN G
> ECS GOLD CARD Once you complete your training, you can receive your ultimate ECS gold card – this becomes your employment ‘passport’ and shows that you are trained to the Level 3 industry standard. If you have, or when you gain, the 18th Edition Wiring Regulations qualification, you can apply for ECS Registered Electrician status. Your college or training provider will be able to give you more information, so ask them about the JIB and ECS cards. You can also visit the ECS website for more information. Good luck with your apprenticeship! For more details visit: www.ecscard.org.uk
TERMS & CONDITIONS APPLY To be fair to all colleges we are restricting applications to one per college, and as numbers are limited, we will also be restricting applications to those colleges who have not benefitted from any previous Klein educational programs.
WHAT’S IN YOUR TOOL BAG?
JOE EATON
Joe started his apprenticeship four years ago at the age of 23 and selffunded the process. After completing his training in two-and-a-half years, he is now setting up on his own, trading as JE Electrical. “I will be mainly focused on working in the domestic sector – doing everything from rewires to changing a light bulb.”
> KNIPEX PLIERS “Recently changed from NWS. I use pliers for everything – to strip/cut/bend cables and to second fix most accessories.”
“My favourite tool brands are Wera and Veto, as you can tell by my tool bag”
@je_electrical
> MAKITA TORCH “This goes everywhere with me! It’s one of the first tools out of the van. Will last a couple of days on a full battery too.”
> MEGGER TPT320 “A must for any electrician. Use it for checking continuity to safe isolation.”
> WERA VDE TORQUE SCREWDRIVER “As I do a lot of fuseboard work, it’s great to make sure all the terminations are torqued correctly.”
HOT TOOL TIP LOOK AFTER AND INVEST IN YOUR HAND TOOLS, AS THEY ARE YOUR MONEY MAKERS
> ESTWING FRAMING HAMMER AND WERA CHISEL DRIVER “The 15oz hammer is great for everything a hammer is needed for, and the Wera chisel driver is the bashing screwdriver – and it does get hammered!”
> VETO BACKPACK “I recently changed my tool bag from a Veto OTXL to this New Tech MCT as I was carrying so much stuff around that I didn’t use on a daily basis. This is now much lighter.”
TOOL S I WI NTE R 2020 I SPA RKS
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MEET THE SPARKY ALFIE JOHNSON
“I sort of fell into electrics and loved it straight away”
Alfie Johnson is the founder of Diode Electrical, a new electrical materials comparison website. SPARKS caught up with Alfie to find out a bit more about the man behind the business. SPARKS Magazine: How did you get started in the electrical industry? Alfie Johnson: I sort of fell into electrics and loved it straight away. While I was serving in the military I used to, on occasion when visiting back home, help a friend as a labourer doing house bashing. He was an electrician and was teaching me the ropes. I was absolutely hooked and I knew I wanted to be an electrician when I eventually got on to civvy street. So while I was still serving, I started attending night school for three years, learning the electrical trade and gaining my NVQ.
SPARKS: What inspired you to start Diode Electrical? AJ: As an electrician and running my own small electrical business, I was finding it very difficult to have any time for myself to spend with my friends and family. The admin side of the business was the bit that I needed to improve. The most frustrating aspect was sourcing electrical materials. I would have to contact numerous electrical wholesalers to see if materials were available and the overall most competitive price. This could take hours and sometimes even days to receive this information. I needed a system designed by an electrician, for electricians, where I could create one materials list and immediately identify if materials were available, an overall price and a local wholesaler who could supply all in one click. There was not a system that offered this, which inspired me 12 months ago to create one. SPARKS: What is your ultimate ambition for the business? AJ: To help improve the electrical industry. To help electrical wholesalers connect to new customers and to give more value to electricians. To save electricians hours of time sourcing materials by using
Diode Electrical to compare their materials list. Time is money and this system will save electricians hours of time a day. SPARKS: Do you have any employees? AJ: I have a great website team, who help with the complex software in the background. Once we’ve launched, I will be looking to expand our team to really focus on helping the electrical industry and finding out exactly what electricians want to see Diode Electrical do. SPARKS: What’s your favourite thing about the electrical industry? AJ: I love the support and camaraderie from such great people and groups in our industry: the e5 group, Electricians Guide To Everything (EGTE) and SparkyNinja to name a few. SPARKS: If you could give one piece of advice to those just starting out in the industry, what would it be? AJ: Ask as many questions as you can. Don’t be afraid to make mistakes. Be a sponge for electrical knowledge. Make sure to use Diode Electrical – the only way to find electrical materials. www.diode-electrical.co.uk
M E E T T H E SPA RK Y I WI NTE R 2020 I SPA RKS
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KNIPEX Quality – Made in Germany
ADVERT KNIPEX HP KNIPEX X-Cut® Compact Diagonal Cutter
Article No. 73 06 160 > Compact and 25 % less weight. Powerful and precise > Cuts finest strands as well as multi-core cables and piano wires > Box-joint design: highest stability with low weight > Doubly supported joint axis for heaviest duty > 40% less force required compared with standard diagonal cutters of the same length
APPRENTICE
SPARKS takes a look at the latest apps to help you fill your phone with something useful.
by Vent-Axia The Knowledge Hub offers easy and quick access to VentAxia’s product brochures, datasheets, technical manuals and Building Regulations. There are also downloadable leaflets on condensation, mould, and indoor air quality. The app allows you to browse three categories – brochure, datasheet and manual – and has a search tool so you can easily find everything relating to a particular product. Every time you use the app it will alert you if any documents have been updated. Knowledge Hub even allows access to product information when users are offline.
www.knipex.com
If your phone is anything like ours then it’ll be full of apps, some of which you don’t even use.
KNOWLEDGE HUB
Free to download on Android and iOS.
For more details please contact: Contact UK North: Mr Jason Cunningham 07340191555 Contact UK South West: Mr Richard Beesley 07770898298 Contact UK South East: Mr Jamie Nolan 07810128404
been have must s d r a bo ft… Floor to li eavy too h
Masti
c Fan ta
F O L L HA
stic
E M SHA More tentac les than the Kraken
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SPARKS I WI NTE R 2 0 2 0 I H AL L O F S H AM E
clips ut of o n a R
While many electricians and electrical engineers are fully qualified and do a great job, there are still some people out there who do shocking work (sometimes literally!) and the results can be disastrous. In association with Crap Electrical UK, we bring you our regular gallery of horrors, showcasing weird wiring, ludicrous lighting and shoddy sockets.
works Suppose it
Toasty This hurts to lo ok at
Ventila
When
tion pu rpose
s?
you u se a shotg to ru un n cab le
tes in two minu home time ’s it en Wh e finished ven’t quit and you ha
A big thank you to the members of Crap Electrical UK for supplying us with so many great photos. The Facebook group, which has around 4,000 members, is run by Charles Billington, Simon Allen, Lewis Boddington, Dave Spencer, Jake Simmons, Samuel Miles and Lee Quince. If you’ve come across a dodgy installation, send your pictures to us and they could be featured on this page!
You can email us at tom.tracey@sng-publishing.co.uk.
H A L L OF SH A M E I WI NTE R 2020 I SPA RKS
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No expiry date
Protection against water and condensation
Fast setting time
WISKA‘s extensive range of gel‘s act as the perfect protection for your COMBI Junction Box. WISKA UK LTD/www.wiska.co.uk Tel:01208 816062 E: info@wiska.co.uk
VAN GUARD VAN LOCKS Have you had your van broken into? Or been the victim of tool theft? DEADLOCKS
Protect your van & tools with our all-new range of high-security Van Locks & security products
HOOKLOCKS
Market leader in Van Accessories Large range of high quality British made Van Locks All security solutions are van & door specific Shielding available for added protection of door handles Installed by nationwide fitting experts
SLAMLOCKS
MADE FOR THE TRADE View our range of van accessories www.van-guard.co.uk
Call our UK Customer Service line 01392 368351
EXERCISES We’ve been lucky enough to collaborate with electrical expert Mike Davies, who has been in the industry since the 1970s. Mike became a qualified electrical engineer after completing an apprenticeship when he left school at 16. He became a college lecturer in 1980 after completing a Further Education teacher training qualification. Now retired, Mike works as a self-employed lecturer and training consultant.
Go to sparks-magazine.co.uk to download exercise answers for free
CIRCUIT PROTECTION These questions cover Outcome 2 & 3 of Unit 304 (Level 3 NVQ Diploma in Installing Electro-Technical Systems and Equipment 2357-13 / 91 or EAL equivalent)
Q1
Which one of the following best describes the term ‘overcurrent’?
a
An overload current
b
A short circuit current
c
An earth fault current
d
An overload or fault current
Overcurrent occurring in a circuit Q2 can result in which one of the following outcomes? a
Electric shock
b
Damage to equipment
c
Damaging electro-magnetic forces
d
Danger due to thermal or mechanical effects
Q3
The conditions resulting in the overcurrent of a circuit are…
a
Overload or short-circuit
b
Earth leakage
c
Overload
d
Short-circuit
A circuit protective device designed to Q4 protect a circuit against overload and fault currents should be located at…
Ans.
Ans.
Which one of the following conditions Q5 DOES require a device for protection against fault current? a
The supply circuit to a lifting magnet
b
A circuit supplying fire extinguishing devices
c
A circuit supplying medical life support equipment
d
A circuit supplying socket-outlets in a domestic location
When a protective device can be omitted Q6 as in an IT system, which one of the Ans. following should not be provided?
Ans.
a
An insulation monitoring device
b
An RCD
c
An audible warning device
d
A visual indication device
The most appropriate type of circuit Q7 protective device to be used on a circuit supplying a welding transformer is a…
Ans.
a
BS3036 semi-enclosed fuse
b
Type D circuit-breaker
a
The load end of the circuit
c
Type B circuit-breaker
b
The mid-point of the circuit
d
BS88-3 cartridge fuse
c
The origin of the circuit
d
The supply to the premises
Go to sparks-magazine.co.uk to download exercise answers for free
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SPARKS I WI NTE R 2 0 2 0 I E XE RC IS E S
Ans.
Ans.
ELECTRICAL HEATING Questions to cover Units 202 and 203 of C&G 2365-02 and Unit 302 of C&G 2365-03 or EAL equivalent.
Q1
Which of the following does NOT require the heating effect of an electric current?
Ans.
temperature control of a cold storage Ans. Q5 The room is achieved using a‌
a
A storage heater
a
On/off switch
b
An electric oven
b
Compressor
c
A transformer
c
Bulb-type, capillary tube thermostat
d
A filament lamp
d
Room thermostat
Q2
The definition of energy is which one of the following?
a
The rate of doing work
b
The ability to do work
c
The force resulting from doing work
d
The effect on a substance when power is applied
Ans.
An industrial oven is rated at 24kW 400V 3-phase delta connected. What is the Q3 Ans. phase current when the oven is operating at full power? a
104A
b
60A
c
35A
d
24A
The boiling ring on a domestic electric Q4 cooker hob is usually controlled by which Ans. one of the following devices?
The electrical energy consumed by Q6 a 1kW, 230V-rated electric heating element in one hour is? a
60J
b
3.6kJ
c
3.6kW
d
3.6MJ
An electrically-operated power shower Q7 is rated as 9kW 230V single-phase. The current demand of the shower is? a
60A
b
45A
c
39.1A
d
25.5A
Ans.
Ans.
A water tank is to be electrically heated an immersion heater. Which type Q8 using of thermostat is recommended to control Ans. the temperature of the water?
a
Thermostat
a
Room air thermostat
b
Humidistat
b
Rod type thermostat
c
Capillary tube type thermostat
c
Capillary tube type thermostat
d
Simmerstat
d
Simmerstat
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E X E RC I SE S I WI NTE R 2020 I SPA RKS
51
ELECTRICAL VENTILATION Questions to cover Unit 203 of C&G 2365-02 and Unit 201 of C&G 2365-03 or EAL equivalent. It will be helpful to reference BS 7671:2018 Requirements for Electrical Installations. Fixed electrical equipment must Q1 be selected and erected so that its temperature in normal operation will‌
Ans.
To control the build-up of steam in Q5 a kitchen or bathroom, which of the following solutions is most practicable?
a
Be adequate
a
Opening a window
b
Be safe
b
Use of air bricks in the wall
c
Not cause fire
c
Limiting the generation of steam to a minimum
d
Operate in manufacturers’ guidelines
d
Installing an electrically-operated extractor fan
Q2
The definition of power is which one of the following?
Ans.
When electrically-powered ventilation is in high density livestock farming, Q6 used which one of the following must be provided?
a
The rate of doing work
b
The ability to do work
a
Sufficient number of opening windows
c
The force resulting from doing work
b
A large area that can dissipate heat generated
d
The effect on a substance when power is applied
c
A standby electrical power source
d
A CCTV system
An air conditioning unit is rated at 6.5kW 400V 3-phase star connected and a Q3 Ans. 0.8pf. What is the phase current when the unit is operating at full power?
Which one of the following is NOT Q7 suitable to provide life support for livestock in the event of a power failure?
a
10.45A
a
Separate circuits for lighting and ventilation
b
11.73A
b
A solar panel standby power source
c
16.25A
c
A secure source of supply
d
28.30A
d
A standby generator
The air temperature of a commercial ventilation system can usually be Q4 controlled by which one of the following devices located directly in the air flow? a
Rod type thermostat
b
Humidistat
c
Bulb-type, capillary tube type thermostat
d
Simmerstat
Ans.
A roof-mounted air conditioning plant Q8 must be provided with which one of the following? a
A weather-proof cover
b
An indicator lamp showing when it is operating
c
An isolator switch for mechanical maintenance
d
A standby power source
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52
SPARKS I WI NTE R 2 0 2 0 I E XE RC IS E S
Ans.
Ans.
Ans.
Ans.
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PROTECTION FOR SAFETY Questions to cover Outcome 2 & 3 of Unit 304 (Level 3 NVQ Diploma in Installing Electro-Technical Systems and Equipment 2357-13 / 91 or EAL equivalent). You will need BS 7671:2018 Requirements for Electrical Installations.
Q1
Protection against electric shock concerns the methods used to prevent persons and livestock from
coming into contact with _________________ and consequently receiving an electric shock.
Q2
BS EN 61140 states the fundamental rule of protection against electric shock; briefly outline this rule.
Answer: ................................................................................................................................................................................
Q3
An electric shock received from touching a hazardous – live – part such as a line terminal, is a shock
received by ________________.
Q4
An electric shock received by touching metallic conductive parts of equipment made live by a fault is
a shock received by ________________.
Q5
State two basic methods of protection that will prevent a person receiving an electric shock.
A: ...........................................................................................................................................................................................
B: ...........................................................................................................................................................................................
Q6
State one method of protection to prevent a person receiving an electric shock from a metal enclosure
of an electrical appliance.
Answer: ................................................................................................................................................................................
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54
SPARKS I WI NTE R 2 0 2 0 I E XE RC IS E S
Q7
In all parts of any electrical installation, one or more protective measures need to be applied.
Taking account of external influences that may affect the operation of the protective measure,
identify three permitted protective measures:
A: .........................................................................................................................................................................................
B: .........................................................................................................................................................................................
C: .........................................................................................................................................................................................
Q8
Functional Extra Low Voltage (FELV) is a system in which the nominal voltage does not exceed
____________ and the provisions of basic and fault protection give the same degree of safety as a
standard provision against _________________.
Q9
Automatic disconnection of supply (ADS) is a protective measure in which:
Basic protection is provided by _________________________________.
Fault protection is provided by _________________________________.
Q10 The additional protection of a circuit can be provided by:
Answer: ................................................................................................................................................................................
Q11 A protective device must automatically interrupt the supply to the line conductor of a circuit or equipment
in the event of a fault of negligible impedance between the line conductor and _______________________
of a circuit or equipment in that circuit.
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56
SPARKS I WI NTE R 2 0 2 0 I E XE RC IS E S
WORDSEARCH CIRCUIT PROTECTIVE DEVICES Try to find the following words that are all related to circuit protective devices (Answers can be across or down)
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Overcurrent
Overload
Tripping
Isolation
Semi-enclose
Short circuit
Reset
Insulation
Circuit breaker
Time delay
Automatic
Monitoring
Residual
Characteristic
Control
Audible
Prospective
Operating
Disconnection
Visual
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EEXDI E RC TORI I SE AS L I WI NTE R 2020 I SPA RKS
57
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