Book prova

Aline Di Campi

Marco Bechis

Jacopo Galliano

Sofía Izquierdo

PRODUCT COMPONENTS

Design by Components | Fabrizio Valpreda

Materials and Components fotr the Design | Stefano Mauro

Production Chemical Processes | Fabio Alessandro Deorsola

History of Material Culture | Giacomo Leone Beccaria

89% of students whit an idividualized problem reading, with 85% Althouhg folse, 80% of poeple retardation. Diselxia is not just letters mixd up or out of order.

NASA employes are dislexic. rate for kisd with redaing problems fuor members of our gruop is

idividualized education have of them having diselxia. poeple is linkde to mental just about getting numbers or order. More than 50% of dislexic. The high school drop out problems is 62%. One out of is dyslexic.

RESEARCH

A research was carried out to identify the two main users of the lamp. The study results lead to the selection of two different stages that represent fthe two limits of the target, which would include children from middle school to university students and exlude primary school children, who have not yet been diagnosed with dyslexia.

User with dyslexia | User without dyslexia | Context of studying

DYSLEXIA RESEARCH

Dyslexia is a neurodiversity ‘understood as a different way of feeling, thinking and communicating, therefore, it is used to indicate a complex neurologically-based cognitive condition’. In the specific case of dyslexia, this neurodiversity is manifested by a difficulty in decoding text.

There are many tools that help people with dyslexia to study and improve their performance. In the field of lighting technology, there are two different case studies of lamps for dyslexic people: the Lili Lamp and the Lexilight. This lamps, thanks to an intermittent light, create a fictitious dominant eye that makes the mirror effect disappear. This technology, although useful, is however inaccessible to a large target group of individuals, as it is very expensive.

Our idea is therefore to investigate the reasons behind the study and try to find a low-budget technology that allows everyone, people with and without dyslexia, to improve the quality of study time. Through research, we discovered “Many children report extreme sensitivity to bright, glaring lights; this can result in a tendency to skip words and lines as they read, to miss the mark, become fatigued and distracted, and become restless and nervous, with signs of itching or tearing in the eyes, headaches and other discomforts. They prefer to read in soft, indirect or natural light...’ (Le aquile sono nate per volare).

Investigating this sensitivity, it was discovered that these preferences of people with dyslexia seem to derive from the so-called ‘Irlen syndrome’ or ‘stroboscopic sensitivity’ visual distortion related to excessive sensitivity to certain wavelengths, alleviated by the use of certain coloured lenses. In the case of our analysis, it seems appropriate to study the symptoms associated with this disorder, since it is very common in dyslexic persons, but also found in non-neurodivergent subjects.

In particular, we focus on one aspect, that of reading headaches with fluorescent light or strong glare, which would exclude in the subjects under analysis the use of luminous devices with different frequencies, such as the two lamps taken as case studies.

U S E R S

Dislexia is a difficult disorder to diagnose. There are meny factor that the health care practitioner review to diagnose the disorder. This may include: family history, home life, neurological test , oral lenguage skill, reading and language abilities

In addition, there is the IQ test to rule out mental retardation. In fact, a person with dyslexia must have an intelligence in the normal range or higher than

USER WITH DYSLEXIA

1/5

But when they are put in the right learning conditions, they represent... of entrepreneurs of NASA managers

of all self-made millionaires

3% 35% 40% 50% is dyselxic of the population think that dyslexia is not a disability

When reading, the right frontal part of the brain is enlighten

Data based on various user personas developed for rapproochement

The interaction with the end user is indirect, aiming to make associations, families and specialists understand the value behind the lamp.

AGE RANGE 11 25 Student Employee

OCCUPATION

NEEDS FRUSTRATIONS

Helping tools or environment ensuring complete autonomy in studying

Need for the presence of an adult to use the helping tool Lamps for dyslexic users, are expensive and are focused only on visual stress

USER WITHOUT DYSLEXIA

Studies suggest that the intensity and colour temperature ofartificial lighting affect various physiologicalprocesses in the human body, such as bloodpressure, heart rate variability, EEG, coretemperature and melatonin.

Several studies have addressed how the quality and color of lighting can either impair or enhance students’ visual skills and thus, academic performance.

When

Around 20% of children that enter the school encounter visual focusing problems

41% 6% 4%

The network that surrounds the final user, identifying how we fit into this network and the roles of the others in relation.

have refractive erros

have trouble with tracking have strabismus

Children were 20% faster in solving a puzzle together in the relaxed light setting compared to the standard setting.

Correct lighting: intensity, colour temperature and dynamism

Increase reading speed by 35%

Reducing comprehension errors by 45%

Data based on various user personas developed for rapproochement

AGE RANGE 11 25

OCCUPATION

Student Employee

NEEDS FRUSTRATIONS

Feel comfortable on their own study place

Eye strain due to artificial lightning

reading, the temporal left part of the brain is enlighten

Lighting impacts in numerous levels of human functioning such as vision, circadian rhythms, mood, and cognition, its implicit effects on learning and studying achievement cannot be dismissed. Several studies have addressed how the quality and color of lighting can either impair or enhance students’ visual skills and thus, academic performance.

Light illumination intensity and color temperature are two main variables in lighting systems used for artificial lighting indoors.

EXT

The enhancement of human performance requires the optimum environment. Visual impairments alone can induce behavioral problems in students as well as level of concentration and motivation while studying.

Light intensity is measured via “Lux” and typically 500 lux horizontally on the workplane is the minimum used to create enough illumination for teachers and students to see given the lack of natural light available in classrooms.

Lighting that is too dim can cause difficulties in learning, like affecting brain focus and visual clarity when writing. Conversely, lighting that is overly bright and fluorescent was shown to contribute to off task behavior and making anxious behavior worse.

Dyslexic readers require higher levels of contrast to detect sinewave gratings for certain spatiotemporal conditions, and dyslexic readers show faster visual search at low contrast.

Sensitivity to bright lights and high beams. Preference to read in soft, indirect or natural light. Reduces the unintended glare and increases the focus line while using techonological devices.

300-500 lux

CRI > 90

ADD SOURCE

300-500 lux

CRI > 90

ADD SOURCE

The cool-white fluorescent lighting ricochets off the surface into the eyes. This reflection causes a type of unintended glare called veiling reflection. This interferes with students’ ability to read and write words on paper.

Users feel an indirect lighting system is more comfort; users prefer individual control of light and there were no simple main effects of lighting quality on the performance of any task while using a computer. Light qualities of illumination were found to affect student reading. Reading under white fluorescent illumination resulted in better reading performance and visual comfort.

USER WITHOUT DYSLEXIA

Trough time

CONCEPTUAL APPROACH

Framework for establishing the underlying idea behind the design and a plan for how it will be expressed visually. Stablishment of guidelines and inquiry off the overall perception of the project.

Concept | Guidelines | Understanding light | Light reflection tests

CONCEPT

Enlifing human light. An experience thought to adapt to the preferences and needs of the user at its interaction building emotional attachment.

Concept developed by the team.

GUIDELINES

MECHANICAL CONTROL COMFFORTABLE ENVIRONMENT BUILT-IN ACCESSIBILITY COMMUNICATION

A table lamp capable of adjusting certain lighting parameters, such as intensity and diffusion, thanks to a simple analogue solution: the mechanical movement of the components.

The versatility of positions allows each user to create an environment adapted to his or her own study needs. By feeling more relaxed, the student is able to improve his or her performance.

Should become a study ally for anyone who uses it. In a design-for-all perspective, studying the different preferences of users, dyslexic and non-dyslexic, helps each student to grow.

The lamp speaks to the user, declaring the purpose for which it was designed, but also and above all how it is to be used; this expressiveness makes this simple object “alive”.

The variation of reflection: control of the direction of light for a comfortable environment

The positioning: of the light aimed at controlling light intensity.

UNDERSTANDING LIGHT

The environment affects physiological and cognitive functions. Light determines the perception of space – it enables the experience of qualities of the spaces: size, shape, texture, colour. Given the fact that nearly 80% of all sensory perception is visual – light is the element with the greatest influence over perception. Light distribution, intensity, direction, colour, brightness, contrast and patterns all interact and work together to influence the visual perception.

There is no light without its brightness. It is fundamental to the experience visual perception. Appearances are based on individual opinion. It is therefore difficult to determine the right amount of brightness as it is subjective and relative to each one.

Now, for understaning contrast. Contrast is the difference in luminance values. This difference allows to recognise the three-dimensional form and texturs. Additionally, contrast help relate the object with its backgroung.

The colour of light is produced by different wavelengths of light. The colour of light is emotionally projected by experience that has been culturally and socially accumulated.

SURFACE REFLECTION

The amount of light reflected by an object, and how it is reflected, is highly dependent upon the degree of smoothness or texture of the surface.

Rough material with textured surface for diffused light

Rough surface + light rays = light rays scatter in all directions

GEOMETRICAL OPTICS

The ray in geometrical optics is an abstraction useful for approximating the paths along which light propagates under certain circumstances. Rays may be absorbed or deflected

COLOR REFLECTION

The color of an object depends on the light cast upon it.

Lighter color surface= reflects light color

UNDERSTANDING LIGHT REFLECTION

TEST

Find the optimal material for achieving a diffused reflection.

Materials tested:opaque plastic, glossy plastic, matte plastic, textured plastic, cardboard and wood

Tested on daylight room

Tested on dark room

White rough plastic for diffuse reflection

Consider the wood for homely perception

Test the diffusion of light by blocking it directly.

Using a Luxo lamp structure and cardboard as the reflector.

DEFINING THE SHAPE

UNDERSTANDING LIGHT

Tested on daylight room

Tested on dark room

Control the intensity of light through the positioning

Both reflection are in the optimal range of lux

A straight buttom and two peaked buttom shape was tested. It was found that no other form could guarantee our functionality.

The lamp for all

Jolly provides the possibility to adapt the light to its user’s needs and preferences. The playful versatility of the lamp includes the control of light’s intensity through positioning of the parts, giving the freedom to be directed as the individual requires.

The luminosity generated by the LED lamp can be softened or focused, simply by sliding the reflector to the other side, generating different compositions of reflections.

Jolly, is more than a tool. Provides comfort and trust during the moments of focus and doubts, for those with reading limits-and without, with concentration difficulties- and without. It is not a lamp for one, it is The lamp for all.

“Jolly” becomes an en-humanized lamp that intends to achieve a connection with the user though its playful name.

Jolly lamp can be positioned properly regarding the context. As for the game, the Jolly Joker card’s value is chosen accordingly to a helpful outcome.

The Jolly lamp is characterised by a strong playful and fun appearance, which is well suited to domestic studio environments. The lamp’s iconic appearance is well expressed by its three main components: the three-footed base, the massive rod and the anthropomorphic shade. The latter two components interact with each other thanks to the articulated arm that allows flexibility in positioning the light.

The overall dimensions, while seemingly bulky, are designed to optimise the work space of the desk, even on smaller ones.

When using the computer

Height established of 42 cm.

The quantity of lux reflected onto the screen is the recomended for reducing the effect of eye strain. Moreover, prevents the decreasing of contrasts between light emited by the display and the reflection of the lamp.

When reading

Height established of 32 cm.

The recommended height for reading without the intensity becoming disturbing.

When writing

Height established of 24 cm.

Extention suggested when doing acitivities with more precision, such as drawing or writing, which requires a closer focus.

All the different positions of the lamp can be easily changed by manual movements that the user can make while sitting in the chair, thus ensuring ergonomic use. The height of the lampshade and its shape also ensure that there is no glare, which could disturb the user, especially those with dyslexia.

PRIVACY POLICY

“Creative commons - AttributionNon-commercial - Share Alike”

Provide a standard set of terms and conditions that creators and other rights holders may use to share original works of authorship and other material subject to copyright and certain other rights specified in the public license below.

Jolly experienced various tests in order to assure it operates in safe working conditions for the user in each possible position. Therefore, with the help of a luxmeter and a plane as the measuring point guide, each height and type of diffusion, was tested on 5 different light reaches.

Moreover, it was tested on two contexts: in a dark room and in a daylight room, to understand the overall behavior of the reflection.

At length, the amount of light output in the established study area is between 130 - 700 lux, depending on what height it is positioned and what type of reflection is being used.

SELF-MAKING

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Follow the steps:

Items to purchase

OPEN SOURCE

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*Note for 3D printing:

with E-Sun wood PLA we noticed good precision in the prints, especially for interlocks and holes, but only in sizes over 2 mm. The holes for interlocking the sun logos on the lampshade were enlarged using a file and a x-acto knife, in order to allow the interlocking of the logos. For the other holes and interlocks, the precaution used in slightly widening them after the first prints (made with Sunlu white PLA+) proved itself too precautionary, keeping the size and not guaranteeing the necessary friction needed to maintain the interlock. This was resolved by adding a few layers of paper tape (2-3 layers in the majority of cases). To be more precise, the holes with the added layers were:

the interlocks on the lampshade

the contact points between the two halves of the connector and the arm pin

the hole for the arm pin

the hole on the arm for the passage along the lamp cylinder

Slide the reflector for a diffuse reflection

Slide the reflector for a direct reflection

Turn the light off

LIBRARY RENDER

Let’s be study buddies Makeoneyours

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THE FLYER

QR codes as a portal for additional infromation, file access for the self- making feature and for making it interactive through communication canals such as Telegram.

Following the Open Design methodology, Jolly clarifies and indicates the parameters for the self-making feature in the flyer. Consequently, giving the user the details for auto producing their own Jolly.

The assembly section has the purpose of communicating graphically the order and time required for joining each component of Jolly.

Jolly is designed to communicate its usage through iconography and symbols. The flyer includes a section illustrating the meaning of each one.

The user goes to his library of choice. Among the various desks, he is struck by one in particular that has a lamp that is different from the others. On the desk he finds an inscription: ‘Let’s be study buddies’

The user decides to try out the lamp, positions it according to his or her needs and carefully studies all the positions and different possibilities to manage the light intensity. By creating a bond with the lamp he understands its value

The user is impressed and notices another inscription on his desk inviting him to take one of the flayers present. He realises that he can make his own lamp and decides to try out this new experience.

The student returns home and scans the first QRcode on the flayer. In doing so, he realises the world behind Jolly and downloads everything he needs to make his own lamp.

An alternative scenario takes place when the user experimenting the lamp are the parents

The user being a middle school student or college student, takes the flyer and feel curiosity about it

The user being a middle school student or college student

The flyer is given by a specialist or association to the parents as a recommendation

From QR code to Thingiverse

The jolly lamp on the desk The flyers laying on the table

The user does not have a 3D printer, so he decides to scan the other QRcode indicating the locations of the nearest Fablabs. The user carefully follows the sale-making instructions.

EXPERIENCE

The user subscribes to the telegram channel and discovers that several users have coloured the inside of the lamp a particular colour. Therefore, he decides to customise the inside of his lamp by colouring it green to achieve a different light diffusion effect.

The user takes a photo of the lamp and uploads it to the telegram channel to show other users his result.

The user share the experience, specifying the decisions made supported with pictures

The lamp is ready for use

The user makes use of the Telegram channel to ask questions and see the suggestions of the community

desk

Nearest Fab Lab Telegram channel Users’ studying

Each of Jolly’s components that requires an action from the user, indicates with iconography the movement and function

With the light intensity control through changing the position and sliding to a different riflection, Jolly, is made to be functional in the overall context of studying

vs.

Jolly’s positioning control works from a playful point of view, calling upon the user to move it and try to find the optimal position

The material selection of the lamp is allows the user to value the homly perception it brings. Moreover, the playful shape indicates that Jolly is more than a tool.

Analysis of components

Each component of the lamp communicates its usage

Functionality analysis

The lamp adapts to the user’s needs and preferences

Perceptual analysis

The lamp should engage the user to its usage

Emotional link user/object

The lamp is perceived as a valuable and trust worthy object DESIGN-

LUXO LAMP vs.

Analysis of components

Each component of the lamp communicates its usage

Functionality analysis

The lamp adapts to the user’s needs and preferences

Perceptual analysis

The lamp should engage the user to its usage

Emotional link user/object

The lamp is perceived as a valuable and trust worthy object

-REQUIREMENTS

The lamp lacks of communicating methods to indicate the user the functions of turning on and off the light.

Luxo Lamp can extend itself vertically and horizontally,enabaling the user to focus the light as desired and needed.

The physics behind positioning the Luxo Lamp almost becomes intuitive, what makes the user feel cofident about focusing it where its needed.

The structural scheme of the lamp, the material selection and joint functioning, reduces the user’s approach to position it, based on its perceptual rough and cold appereance.

INGLORIOUS DESIGNE OPEN DESIGN

THE CHARACTERS FIVE GUYS DOMINAE

WANNABEES ESTRUSI THE CHILLING PEPPERS

RS LUCIS BAKERY TEAM

LIGHTYEARS

THE CHARACTERS

LUMIERES DOMINAE LUCIS

INGLORIOUS DESIGNERS

WANNABEES

ESTRUSI

LIGHTYEARS PINK LANTERNS

FIVE GUYS THE CHILLING PEPPERS

BAKERY TEAM

THE CHARACTERS

LUMIERES DOMINAE LUCIS

INGLORIOUS DESIGNERS

WANNABEES LIGHTYEARS

ESTRUSI

PINK LANTERNS

FIVE GUYS THE CHILLING PEPPERS

BAKERY TEAM

OPEN DESIGN-EXPERIENCE

Amplified attitudes inside the gourp and proportioned tools geared towards collaboration instead of competition

At the end, we were not a group of 4, We were a group of 59

So let’s shift the evreyone is learning enbale to learn in are born to laern!

our appraoch to able, if they are the way tehy - Sue Blyth Hall

REFERENCES

- Ahn, Seonmi. (2019). Light and Visual Perception. Retrieved from: https://www.lapd.uk/news/light-and-visual-perception/#:~:text=Similarly%2C%20light%20determines%20our%20perception,the%20 perception%20of%20a%20space.

- Associazione Italiana Ortottisti. (2010). Caratteristiche visive nella dislessia. Retrieved from: chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://aiorao.it/aiorao/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/Caratteristiche-visive-nella-dislessia.pdf

- Bednarek DB, Grabowska A. Luminance and chromatic contrast sensitivity in dyslexia: the magnocellular deficit hypothesis revisited. Neuroreport. 2002 Dec 20;13(18):2521-5. doi: 10.1097/00001756200212200-00028. PMID: 12499860.

- Beth A O’Brien, J.Stephen Mansfield, Gordon E Legge, The effect of contrast on reading speed in dyslexia, Vision Research,cVolume 40, Issue 14, 2000, Pages 1921-1935, ISSN 0042-6989, https://doi. org/10.1016/S0042-6989(00)00041-9.

- De Leon, M. (2016). The Mathematics of Light: Aristotle. Retrieved from: https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/en/science/mathematics/the-mathematics-of-light-aristotle/

- Han, Lu & Zhang, Hechen & Xiang, Zhongxia & Shang, Jinze & Anjani, Shabila & Song, Yu & Vink, Peter. (2020). Desktop lighting for comfortable use of a computer screen. Work. 68. 1-13. 10.3233/WOR208018.

- Houselog, Matthew E., “Effects of Computer Screen Color and Brightness on Student Achievement during Computer-Based Reading Comprehension Assessment” (2019). Culminating Projects in Education Administration and Leadership. 64. https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/edad_etds/64

- Lu, J., Ran, L., Zhang, L., He, Y. (2020). The Influence of Reading and Writing Table Lamp Illumination Parameters on Visual Fatigue. In: Rebelo, F., Soares, M. (eds) Advances in Ergonomics in Design. AHFE 2020. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 1203. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51038-1_19

- Male Shiva Ram, M. Optom and Rishi Bhardwaj, PhhD. (2018). Effect off Diffferent Illumination Sources on Readong and Visual Performance. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC5782456/

- Nuria Castilla, Carmen Llinares, Fabio Bisegna, Vicente Blanca-Giménez, Emotional evaluation of lighting in university classrooms: A preliminary study, Frontiers of Architectural Research, Volume 7, Issue 4, 2018, Pages 600-609, ISSN 2095-2635, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2018.07.002.

- Porter, D, (2022). Digital Devices and Eyes. Retrieved from: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/digital-devices-your-eyes

- Robinson, D, Mott, M. (2020). Illuminating the Efffects of Dynamic Lightning on Student Learning. Retrieved from: chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://education.olemiss. edu/down- load/Philips-Research.pdf

- Sleegers, PJC & Moolenaar, Nienke & Galetzka, Mirjam & Pruyn, Ad & Sarroukh, B. & Zande, Bianca. (2013). Lighting affects students’ concentration positively: Findings from three Dutch studies. Lighting Research and Technology. 45. 159-175. 10.1177/1477153512446099.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank Giulia Ferrantini, Matteo Garoglio and Venusia Corrado for providing support and guidance on the contruct of the project. We thank Fabrizio Alessio for sharing his experience in open design and feedback to the project. We also thank Alessandro Dentis for assistance in constructing Jolly’s prototype in the Fab Lab. We thank Dottoressa Paola Iacomussi for comments and suggestions on understanding the light reflection on the function stage. This work was supported by all the proffesors of the subject and Politecnico di Torino.