TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Developing Systems 1.1 History of manufacturing 1.2 Iconic biography 1.3 Projective Futures 2. Robotic Landscapes 2.1 Robot futures 3. Studio 3.1 Park 3.2 New Towns 3.3 Geometry and Matter in cities 3.4 Assignment 1 : Suzhou Industrial Park
1. ROBOTIC LANDSCAPES
Instructor: Benjamin Bratton
1.1 ROBOR FUTURES
The three core strands of robotics are perception, action and cognition. Perception collects and interpret through sensors, action is capacity to effect change in the world and cognition is the ability to reason toward making decisions.
Although these conditions are based on human qualities, robots have proven that they not only can achieve those but perform better, they can reach places at speeds humans can’t, process multiple information at a time or achieve perception with accurate
precision and on several directions. One of robots main features must be flexibility of use, one device-robotic creature should be able to perform several functions. While they can be multitasking simultaneously, they can also be programmed to change their use as many times needed. Since this late driven attention towards the DIY philosophy and the more accessible building hardware-software has become, future scenarios include building many of our daily objects even at home. As for now, prototyping with 3d printers has made us all into candidate designers and makers, which also goes along with trends of appreciating design and showing by willingness to pay for it. Automated processes by robots perhaps would be one of the fields that will evolve faster, manufacturing have experienced this for a while now, but now this technology seems more handy to the common citizens, automated transit/ cars, customer service, etc. Which leads to another conflict treated by the author,
how humans will react to robots? Would a regulation with laws must be needed? By automation comes substitution of human labor, which is still hard to predict if it would come out as unemployment or society being more capable and specialized in technology use. Since first option comes as the most likely, robotic creatures might be rejected and as some cases have proven, they could even be victimized and tortured. Robots also will play a big role within the capitalist tendencies towards recording and directioning consumption behaviors. While we already contribute by our constant use of intercommunicated systems, sensors in robots would become more precise on their intention of getting to know the actual and possible customer, how they react, how long they stare, how they navigate spaces, how many times they visit and details such as sense of style, occupation, economic position, all these information collected by your rutinary visit to the grocery store. Even
Even though initiatives towards protecting our privacy are already showing, how much do we really appreciate privacy these days? Technological use has given society one of their most beloved treasures, status. Being anonymous is not one of our intentions these days, and every time we are making bigger efforts to get noticed. Fortunately, conclusion of the author ends up as not a hopeless future, robots used for its superhuman capacities towards benefiting communities, aiding the ill or the damaged, providing care and better tools for making decisions. Are politicians and the powerful becoming less ambitious and would see these possible positive conditions? Perhaps not, but we are constantly thinking of ways to gain power, technology is now the tool, I think is perfect timing to get some of this power.
2. DEVELOPING SYSTEMS
2.1 HISTORY OF TIJUANA’S MANUFACTURING
Border Industrialization Program in 1965
Alleviate the rising unemployment burden along the border.
1970’s.
Massive Oil based debt.
Demise of the “Bracero Program” by the U.S. government in 1964.
1980’s.
The “Bracero Program” had allowed Mexican agricultural workers (mostly migrating northbound from the interior of Mexico) to work legally in the U.S. on a seasonal basis.
Devaluation of Mexican Peso attracts US companies for lower labor costs.
1980’s BOOMING OF MAQUILADORAS 1994. NAFTA
U.S./Mexico Bilateral Tax Treaty (to avoid double taxation)
2.1 HISTORY OF MANUFACTURING
Television Capital of the World. Located 2.5 hour from the Long Beach Shipping Port, Tijuana had full advantage had full advantage to become the biggest manufacturer of electronics in North America
4 of 10 color TV ‘ s sold in the US manufactured in Mexico (1991) 7 of 10 color TV ‘ s sold in the US manufactured in Mexico (1998) PANASONIC 100% of TV ‘ s sold in the US from the same factory in Tijuana. 35 Million TV’s (2003)
2.1 HISTORY OF MANUFACTURING
1990. GROWTH IN MAQUILADORA = DEFICIT ON SERVICES ( WATER AND SEWAGE ) INFORMAL HUMAN SETTLEMENTS (HOUSING) -------------------------------------------- INDUSTRIAL EMPLOYMENT
2010’s 70 million sq ft covered by industrial use. 50 Industrial Parks 58 million sq ft inside Industrial Parks
630 Industrial Buildings
(Vacancy of 10.7 % in 2012)
2.2 PROJECTIVE FUTURES
2.2 PROJECTIVE FUTURES
2.3 ICONIC AUTOBIOGRAPHY
3. STUDIO
Instructor: Rene Peralta
3. 1 ‘Park’ extract from book Enduring Innocence by Keller
LOGISTICS CITY
Park
Orman patois for campuses or headquarters
Logistics city k Par k Par rict
t
Dis
Distripark
Automated enclaves that sort and redistribute
FREE
TRADE ZONES
Cluster around
+ Warehouse
+ Intelligent office space
+ IT Campuses
+ Calling Centers
+ Exporting Processing Center
+ Conference / exhibition centers
Flexible / relaxed control 5-20 million people An airport A port Container Handling Capacity
Special instruments in: Finding favorable logistics Circumventing labor restrictions Filling quotas
CROSS NATIONAL GROWTH TRIANGLES
Economic Stimulants for developing countries
Management
(Cheap) Labor
Raw Material
SUPPLY CHAINS
Cotton Savannah
Spun into fabric Pearl River Delta
Factory India
Processing Zone Bangladesh
Efficient Movement of Goods U RBAN ADDICTION:OBSESSIONAL STACKING BEHAVIORS
ASC Automated Stacking Crane
AGV Automated Guided Vehicle
OMNIDIRECTIONAL
MOVEMENT
system now leads to Automated Passenger Transportation
More ways of navigating and reading buildings and urban spaces
3. 2 NEW TOWNS by Manuel Delanda
Development
Motifs
NEW TOWN + Demographic Growth + Rising Middle Class + Exponential Rise in the standards of living.
1940- 1950
+ Lower-middle income + Post war : house shortage
1960- 1970
+ Financed by government + Shaped by social reforms + Bringing classes together : PROGRESS
China Facts
Will plan 400 new cities
India
Needs 200 cities to absorb demographic growth
Today
+ Financed by large multinational enterprises + Elitist, superficial and commercial + Shelters from urbanization, big city problems
PLANTIT VALLEY
PORTUGAL
Leaders on environment and sustainability.
Project of National Interest (PIN)
More flexible faster land rezoning Reduced Corporate Taxes Effective government support
Founders: Steve Lewis and Mlacom Hutchinston ( Both backgrounds in IT ) Partners: Cisco, Hitachi, Philips, Critical Software, Alliander // Benefit : MONOPOLY OF SERVICES WITHIN THE CITY.
SYSTEMS, SERVICES, SENSORS AND SMART GRIDS
Features + Master Plan covers 1,670 hectares + Planned population: 225,000 + Pre-fab Hexagonal Structure ( Little Aesthetic Importance ) + Hub of creative industries
Operating Platform for Managing
ORGANIZATION
Million sensors throughout the prototype city collecting and sending data.
Service Providers share information and streamline city management. Waste, water, electricity, traffic.
LAVASA
INDIA + No clear planning regulations + Urban growth by private developers + Building on agricultural land = FOOD CRISIS Founders: Aniruddha Deshpande and Sharad Pawar (Minister of Agriculture - National Congress Party President) Market demand for middle class families // Sheltered community hides the slums // Mediterranean architectural style
FIVE TOWN CENTERS
1. DASVE + Mixed Housing + Recreation + Working
BUILT
2. MUGAON - Employment -
3.
+ IT Park + Biotechnology + Light industries + Film / Animation studios
+ Villas + Golfcourse
- Luxury model -
4 & 5. Based on 1 and 2 models
+ NEW SONG-DO CITY
1996 . Rem Koolhas - Master Plan / Housing for 200,000 residents 1998 . South Korean currency failed, Daewoo declares bankrupcy.
1999. Steel Company POSCO + Stanley Gale
Completely privately financed Most expensive private real estate development
Koth Pedersen Fox Associates (KPF) to reinterpret OMA’s plan.
PROJECTION // Mass Produce 20 Copies of Song-do across Asia
Features + Strict zoning rules = Monofuctional + Broad avenues segregate city blocks + 22k Housing Units + 400,000 commuters per day + Diverse mix of transport system + Generic Architecture
BUSINESS
Denser business district
Smartcard. Key to everything in the city. + Subway + Parking Meter + Public bike + Seeing a movie + Your house. - Anonymous and easy to block if lost -
3. 3 GEOMETRY AND MATTER IN SPACE by Manuel Delanda
Metric: GEOMETRY
AREA
LENGTH
VOLUME
PROPERTIES
Non Metric
MEDIUM TOWN
CONNECTIVITY
Length = walking distance Hierarchy of roads
LARGE REGIONAL CAPITAL
ENGLISH INDUSTRIAL CITIES Journey to work by foot = living near factories.
SMALL TOWN
Number of people
Extensive (divisible)
MATTER
PROPERTIES
1 2 3
4 5 6
Intensive (not divisible) DIFFERENT SCENARIOS Number of people/area
DENSITY
Less people on extended settlements
More social interactions
High density on small surfaces
SPEED SPEED
Landlocked towns
Inward looking regional culture
+ SPEED
Port cities
Closer contact, heterogeneous population
HIGH DE NSIT Y
Physical density
Complex interactions
Network density
to local norms
TRAVEL FAST
Me
ENFORCEMENT
Friends Informal interactions
News of transgression
You
mechanism for local norms
Friends
METRIC
A place (x,y,z)
SOCIAL ENCOUNTERS 1 2 EXTENSIVE
Between number of people
2 COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
INTENSIVE PROPERTIES
Friends
ORK TW
Friends
NE
1
METRIC Copresence TOPOLOGICAL Connectivity
Machine Topologies compensate distance