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ARCH 692 STUDIO | MAQUILAPOLIS REVISITED | RENE PERALTA | SPRING 2014
ARCH 6481 ECOLOGY OF GLOBALIZATION | BENJAMIN BRATTON | SPRING 2014
ARCH 6734 URBANISM AND DEVELOPMENT SYSTEMS | ERIN OTA | SPRING 2014
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ARCH 692 STUDIO | MAQUILAPOLIS REVISITED | RENE PERALTA | SPRING 2014
READING I CITY OF BITS Space, place and the infobahn By: William J. Mitchell
Why do some places attract people? Often, it is because being on the spot puts you in the know.
Places a(rac*ng people
Knowing things
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Private – Public spaces
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Once public and private space are distinguished from each other they can begin to play a complementary roles in urban life; a well-organized city needs both.
Since physical distance means little in cyberspace, the possibility also exists to “condense” scattered rural communities by creating public spaces that serve large, thinly populated areas. Physical distance
HOUSING PUBLIC FACILITIES ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES OPEN SPACE ACTUAL PUBLIC FACILITIES
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Communication
In and out = plug and unplugged
Role
According to the internet history and how it becomes a lifestyle at our present days, the only thing that it is important is to be where it is more convenient, to be at the best places, and not only physical places, but digital places, and to be part of something or everything. We can be at many places at same time, and shearing conversations with a lot of people about x number of topics, and also having our private communications in our private spaces, again, not necessarily physical. So why is it important to have a well-based design of everything, public, private, digital, non digital spaces, the answer is simple, to be part of it with a specific role and rules that guide us to create live spaces and to have soft cities that accommodate us and fill up all our physical and digital needs. The way we make a relationship between virtual communications and urban history is how we are now writing this moment, or I should say how we are programing this moments, and the way we live them, and from where we do it, and most important what role do we have to play.
Rules
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READING II SPACES OF GLOBAL CAPITALISM Towards a Theory of Uneven Geographical Development By: David Harvey
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If we regard space as absolute it becomes a ‘thing in itself’ with an existence independent of matter
NEWTON & DESCARTES PLACE: + geographic point - Event or fact
Mapping things Space of individuation Discrete and bounded phenomena Individual persons
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Space is relative in the double sence: that there are multiple geometries from which to choose and that the spatial frame depends crucially upon what it is that is being relativized and by whom
GAUSS & EINSTEIN All forms of measurenment depend upon the frame of reference of the observer It is impossible to understand space independent of time Space of transportation relations different from the spaces of private property
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The relational notion of space-time implies the idea of internal relations; external influences get internalized in specific processes or things through time
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space = land time = money place = market
Balance to create opportunuties According to D. Harvey, the relationship between how the space is conceived in time through a specific moment in the history of a place, is the perfect formula for a perfect economy. By analyzing the Marx theories and a lot of mathematical equations in relation on how the money should be distributed. In others words, the benefits of the capitalism are directly proportional to where the masses converged and how they are ingrained to the place they lived, and more important, why they live there? The answer is not as simple as the question, like Harvey writes, it is because at the specific time, in that precise moment in that part of the world, the “economy� just see the perfect geographic point with the perfect sequence of events. So, if we try to understand this relationship, we might end thinking of all the important events that happened in the planet, and what kind of benefits and loses they left, for example, if we look back into the industrial revolution, we may be able to identify why this important change in the way we lived occur, and the fact is that, we had a lot of health problems, and we need to minimized the congaed population, just like that, we replace man for machine in order to create a balance in our economy, and to give a big opportunity to improve our pharmaceutical process.
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READING III A CRITIC WRITES
Essays by Reyner Banham THE GREAT GIZMO
The catalog rarely fails to quote, along with the price and so forth, the shipping-weight of all mechanical kit. The technologist on the back porch Rural happiness in the U.S. was never to be the privilege of the few, but was to be the common property of every member of every family, thanks to domestic mechanization.
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Americans belive in technology and that is where to look for the greatness of their domestic architecture
Abstract and consequences of the gizmo Instance if failures to comprehend the extend of the potential of gadget culture are all to easy to multiplay, but my concern here is more with the results of this lack of intellectual grip.
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The traditional American wooden house has always sat lightly on it terrains
The city as a pre-gizmos archaeology This potentialy seems to trouble architects to the bottoms of their monumental souls, but it has always fascinated U.S. technolgues.
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INDUSTRIAL PARK COMPLEX ANALYSIS The relationship between two cities, countries & economies
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GLOBAL SCALE
Industrial - financial cities around the world
Rigas, LATVIA Gorzow, POLAND Frankfurt, GERMANY
Bratislava, SLOVAKIA
La Valeta, MALTA Tijuana, MEXICO
Juarez, MEXICO
Athens, GRECE
El Cairo, EGYPT
Kaesong, NORTH KOREA Jiangxinzhou, CHINA
Aqaba, JORDAN Islamabad, PAKISTAN
Hong Kong, CHINA
Morvi, INDIA Bangkok, TAHILAND Ho Chi Minh, VIETNAM
Colombo, SRI LANKA Singapore, SINGAPORE Lima, PERU
Sao Paulo, BRAZIL Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA
+ Africa
+ America
El Cairo, Egypt Population: 8,259,461 Area: 214 km2 Economy: Commerce
Tijuana, Mexico Population: 1,300,983 Area: 637 km2 Economy: Manufacture industry
Juarez, Mexico Population: 1,321,004 Area: 188 km2 Economy:Manufacture industry
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+ Asia
Sao Paulo, Brazil Population: 11,821,876 Area: 1,522 km2 Economy: Industry
Buenos Aires, Argentina Population: 2,890,151 Area: 202 km2 Economy: Industry & services
Kaesong, North Korea Population: 338,440 Area: 1,309 km2 Economy: Manufacture industry
Jiangxnzhou, China Population: Area: Economy: Manufacture industry
Aqaba, Jordan Population: 95,508 Area: 375 km2 Economy: Manufacture industry & tourism
Islambad, Pakistan Population: 805,235 Area: 906 km2 Economy: ITC
Hong Kong, China Population: 7,184,000 Area: 1,108 km2 Economy: Finances
Morbi, India Population: 250,000 Area: Economy: Ceramic industry
Bangkok, Tahiland Population: 3,767,575 Area: 1,568 km2 Economy: Transformation industry
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Colombo, Sri Lanka Population: 642,163 Area: 37 km2 Economy: Industry
Singapore, Singapore Population: 5,399,200 Area: 716 km2 Economy: Manufacture industry
Riga, Latvia Population: 696,618 Area: 307 km2 Economy: Manufacture industry
Gorzow, Poland Population: 125,149 Area: 86 km2 Economy: Manufacture industry
Frankfurt, Germany Population: 691,518 Area: 248 km2 Economy: Finances
Bratislava, Slovakia Population: 586,300 Area: 367 km2 Economy: Manufacture industry
Athens, Grece Population: 664,046 Area: 412 km2 Economy: ITC
La Valletta, Malta Population: 7,650 Area: 1 km2 Economy: Tourism & Manufacture industry
Ho Chin Minh, Vietnam Population: 6,424,519 Area: 2,109 km2 Economy: Manufacture industry
+ Europe
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FLOWS
+ Population (2013): 5,399,200 + Density: 7,540/km2 + Gross Domestic Product (GDP 2012) - Total $327.557 billion - Per capita $61,046
Singapore General location India
Tahiland Vietnam
Malasya Singapore
Singapore - Malasya border
Along with Hong Kong, South Korea and Taiwan, Singapore is one of the original Four Asian Tigers. The Singaporean economy is known as one of the freest, most innovative, most competitive, and most business-friendly. Singapore is the 14th largest exporter and the 15th largest importer in the world. There are more than 7,000 multinational corporations from the United States, Japan, and Europe in Singapore. There are also 1,500 companies from China and 1,500 from India. The Singaporean economy depends heavily on exports and refining imported goods, especially in manufacturing, which constituted 27.2% of GDP in 2010 and includes significant electronics, petroleum refining, chemicals, mechanical engineering and biomedical sciences sectors. The country is the world’s fourth leading financial centre, the world’s secondbiggest casino gambling market, one of the world’s top three oil-refining centres, the world’s largest oil-rig producer, and a major ship-repairer. Singapore is a major international transport hub in Asia.
Singapore
The Port of Singapore, managed by port operators PSA International and Jurong Port. Singapore is an aviation hub for Southeast Asia with eight airports in the country.
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FLOWS
Iskandar Malasya Johor Bahru general and economic data + Area: 1,816 km2 + Population (2010): 1,334,188 + Density: 735/km2 + Gross Domestic Product (GDP 2013)* - Total $521.963 billion - Per capita $17,675 * Malasya
Johor Bahru is an important industrial, logistical, and commercial centre. Its major industries include electronics, resource and petrochemical refinery, and shipbuilding. The heavy industrial areas are Pasir Gudang and Tanjung Langsat, located east of the metropolitan area. They contain clusters of refineries, chemical processing plants, and shipbuilding factories. Johor Bahru is served by Senai International Airport, located 35 km north-west of the city center. To the west of the metropolitan area, in Nusajaya, is the Port of Tanjung Pelepas, which currently ranks as Malaysia’s largest container port since 2004, and ranked as 16th busiest container ports in the world in 2010. Johor Port is located on the eastern side of the metropolitan area in the industrial area of Pasir Gudang. It is the country’s most important commodity and mineral resources seaport, and home to a majority of Malaysia’s resources refineries. Johor Bahru is twinned with: + Jeddah, Saudi Arabia + Shenzhen, China + Istanbul, Turkey + Detroit, Michigan, United States + Singapore Metropolitan cities + Johor Bahru + Nusajaya + Pasir Gudang + Skudai + Senai
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PERMUTATIONS Iskandar Malasya General distribution
Johor land use plan
Johor Bahru urbanisation rate is 69.1%, which is higher than the average national urbanisation rate of 65.4% (National Physical Plan, 2005). This urbanisation rate can be related to the economic development of the SJER as the area of concentration for investment and employment. This is reflected by SJER’s estimated GDP of USD20 billion, which is 60% of Johor’s GDP. SJER is also where 70% of Johor’s manufacturing establishments (4,266 establishments) are located. Johor Bahru City, Pasir Gudang, Tanjung Langsat as well the Senai-Kulai areas are the main centres of employment, especially for services and manufacturing activities.
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Nusajaya Master Plan
COUPLINGS
Utilities information: + Electricity supply + Water supply + Natural gas + Waste managment + Communication services
SiLC tenants
Southern Industrial & Logistics Clusters (SiLC) master plan
Reduce involves optimizing the scale of activities and lifestyle to lessen the demand on resources Offset measures involve augmenting environmental services or paying for their reduction elsewhere Substitute maintains the same scale of activities and lifestyle by using goods, services and processes that require less demand on resources Enhancement refers to improving environmental services or functions provided by areas within Nusajaya
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AVATARS
Nusajaya Industrial Park Brandings graphics
Southern Industrial & Logistics Clusters (SiLC)
Tokyo Rope MFG.CO.,LTD
TN Chemie SDN BHD
Stinis Malasya SDN BHD
Yongnam Engineering SDN BHD
EIK Engineering SDN BHD
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Metonmas Stud Industries SDN BHD
Power Plug Busduct SDN BHD
Multi Fiber SDN BHD
Bio Nice SDN. BHD
Pipeline Distribution (M) SDN BHD
Bioxcell CUF
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Place of Origin
Amsterdam, HOLLAND
Philadelphia, US
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Tokyo, JAPAN
Nusajaya, MALASYA
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ASSEMBLAGE
Nusajaya Industrial Park Products Southern Industrial & Logistics Clusters (SiLC)
+ Business Developer
Tokyo Rope MFG.CO.,LTD
+ Wire rope + Steel cord
TN Chemie SDN BHD
+ Chemicals + Blending
Stinis Malasya SDN BHD
+ Spreaders
Yongnam Engineering SDN BHD
+ Structural steel works + Civil engineering
EIK Engineering SDN BHD
+ Fabrication excavator attachments for the construction and marine industries
Metonmas Stud Industries SDN BHD
+ Bolts & Nuts + Steinless steel
Power Plug Busduct SDN BHD
+ Manufacturer of busduct systems for power distribution
Multi Fiber SDN BHD
+ Engineering, Fabrication & Installation + Chiller Conveyor System
Bio Nice SDN. BHD
+ Chinese Herbal bio-medical medicines
Pipeline Distribution (M) SDN BHD
+ Fire systems pipelines
Bioxcell CUF
+ Biotechnology
+ Wire + Engineering
+ Mechanical engineering
+ Structural steels + Flanges & pipes
+ Building construction + Purified water plant
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Tokyo Rope MFG.CO.,LTD
EIK Engineering SDN BHD
WE BUILD WITH
PRIDE TRUST
Multi Fiber SDN BHD
Equipment & Attachments Specialist
YOU USE WITH
Metonmas Stud Industries SDN BHD
Stinis Malasya SDN BHD
Power Plug Busduct SDN BHD
Pipeline Distribution (M) SDN BHD
Bio Nice SDN. BHD
TN Chemie SDN BHD
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MACHINES
Nusajaya Industrial Park Technologies used Tokyo Rope MFG.CO.,LTD
TN Chemie SDN BHD
EIK Engineering SDN BHD
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Metonmas Stud Industries SDN BHD
Multi Fiber SDN BHD
Bio Nice SDN. BHD
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SYNTHESIS
Avatars Main Exports
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SYNTHESIS
Economic Investment
Local investors contributed $25,000 MD (65%) of the cumulative committed investments, while the balance of $13,430 MD (35%) was contributed by foreign investors. The manufacturing sector recorded the highest cumulative committed investments at $13,600 MD. This is followed by logistics, tourism, healthcare, education, financial services and creative industries.
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SYNTHESIS Diagram
Space (absolute or relative) = Land Time = Money Place = Market
Historic event
$$$ Political border
$$$
City
Solutions for finding the location of minimum aggregate travel (MAT) are complicated and involve complex mathematics. The location is found by a trial and error process of iteration, in which an initial guess is successively improved using algorithms. In addition to mathematical solutions, there is also a mechanical solution known as the Varignon Frame experiment http://training.esri.com/Courses/DataInfo10_0/index.cfm
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ARCH 6481 ECOLOGY OF GLOBALIZATION | BENJAMIN BRATTON | SPRING 2014 Robot or not robot The way we do business is how we have been shaping thins world, economy is the engine that drives all movement in our cities, and not only on the streets, but also in our communications channels like the telephone and internet. So, if economy is the most important thing in the world, it will need to be controlled by humans, right. The answer is definitively yes, but, we humans only control the market, this market where products are sold and bought, and who made this products? In past days we do, but now, we only program a machine to do it. With that been said, the economy of scales is the “pool” where everybody wants to be, because is cheaper, and if we can reduce our labor cost by the use of robots, well, robots will rule the market someday. So, if robots are going to rule the market, they pretty much will rule everything, or maybe not everything but we are going to see robots everywhere, in our houses, offices, restaurants, parks, etc., and they will become like a plague, because at the beginning will be fascinated by them but then, like almost all the new inventions that we create, we will be “evolving” to something else more fantastic, and all that robots that one day made our life easy, will become that fly flying around our heads. And that is the path that robots are going to follow, one they are a used toy, they are going to update their OS and start thinking by them self, without any human order.
By this time, the most evolved robots will be driving our cars, recording our thoughts, and even feeding us with some new spoon or fork. So, we need to be aware of introduce a on/off button, and more important, to create recycling robot factories for those robots that are no longer required, this is to avoid a machine revolution, and be erased of this world. If a robot revolution happens, is because we let the robots to do all the thinks that we need to do, we let them to have a connectivity or communication with all the thinks that surround us. At present days we have this kind of connectivity, and it is called smartphone, this awesome gadgets that we use with any future thought of what it can became, maybe our best friend, or our worst enemy, depending to what it is connected and what kind of signals it is receiving. Here is when we need to establish who is the one who has the control, and we need to be conscientious about what is the best for every trend or market or life style. We can not eliminate machines that help us to do what we do at present days, like the ones in the textile factories or in the automotive industry, but we need to have the control of where we are going to introduce new technologies and to do what things, may be I am being paranoiac, but if all our sci-fi movies became a reality, we’ll be in a lot of trouble, so it is better to prevent rather to wait if this could happen.
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So, if we are going to start using robots in different fields beside industry, like research or security, we need to create backdoor exits in their software, again, not being radical, just having some futuristic thoughts abut what we need to do and how to do it. It is totally fine to explore this new fields of opportunity, I can assure that we are going to find some awesome results, specially in the research programs, but been a big fan of the terminator movies, and just imagining what awesome defense machines we are designing, I can only imagine what could happen when this robots realize that they can be “free�.
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ARCH 6734 URBANISM AND DEVELOPMENT SYSTEMS | ERIN OTA | SPRING 2014
A BRIEF ANALYSIS OF THE URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE IN TIJUANA
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The history of a manufacturing city. (1889 - 1965 & 1970 - 2010) 1920
1983
2003
1950
1994
2005
1970
1997
2010
IMPORTANT HISTORIC GROWTH (urban area) 1970 - 1990 - 2002 - 2009 -
6,610 ha 16,587 ha 20,753 ha 34,365 ha
> 150% > 20% > 39%
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LAND USE DISTRIBUTION 2009 Housing 11,819 ha Vacant lots 8,842 ha Roads 6,624 ha Industry 3,511 ha
(31%) (25%) (19%) (10%)
Principal industrial sectors + Ciudad Industrial + Los Pinos + Parque Industrial Florido + El Carrizo Industrial parks surface
1,397 ha
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URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE + Water + Waste + Power + Street light + Telecom + Mayor roads + Rail Road + Airport
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PRINCIPAL SECTORS WITH INFRASTRUCTURE paved roads - waste - power - water (urban area 2006) + Downtown + Otay Mesa + Los Pinos + Sectors 5 and 10 + Industrial City
1,138 ha 1,779 ha 1,365 ha 1,597 ha 2,080 ha
More than 90% of coverage service
MAIN ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES (2004) + Commerce + Manufacturing
50% population 21% 7.65% population 50%
Total economic units (TIJ) 30,260 + Manufacturing 2,346 eu 155,935 persons + Commerce 14,541 eu 65,450 persons + Services 12,716 eu 72,819 persons
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GORWTH SCENARIOS (2030) + Housing
24,445 ha
> 52%
+ Infrastructure
12,692 ha
> 27%
+ Industry
NA
> 15% - 30%
SOCIOECONOMICAL FACTS 2004 2010 2030
30,260 eu 34,478 eu 79,760 eu
312,455 jobs 357,042 jobs 826,580 jobs
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Manufacturing / Industrial Future Proposal at an Urban Scale
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Master Plan Propousal + industrial land + green spaces + density
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Industrial places near 2013 housing + 2030 affordable housing
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International transportation Hub TIJ - SAN trolley
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TJ housing near the border with a San Diego border line forest and CBP surveilant towers
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Recovery of Tijuana River + Big box mall and sub urban San Ysidro
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New Xolos stadium + high density housing
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Increase the tourism if industry fails
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Iconic Autobiography
Rem Koolhas Seattle public libary
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City of Barcelona 22@ district
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Topographic GIS image
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Urban planning Shangai
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Urban analysis
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Richard Rogers Pompidui centre
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Santiago Calatrava Valencia Concert hall
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Luis Barragan Capucin Convent
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Antoni Gaudi The Sacred Family Church
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