St. Martin's Courier #11

School Shootings

By Kiki, B2AT

School shootings are something that we have to encounter every day. It is a sad reality and something we have to take action on. Most school shootings happen in the United States of America.

In the past five years there have been 290 school shootings in America alone.

One of the most well-known school shootings happened in April of 1999 in Littleton Colorado.

Two students named Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold walked into Columbine High School and shot more than 32 people, injuring more than 20 people and killing 12. Dylan and Eric had originally planned to place bombs underneath the library so that the library would fall on the cafeteria which would kill a lot of people. The bombs failed to go off so Dylan and Eric had to take matters into their own hands.

One of the most well-known recent shootings happened in February of 2018 in Parkland Florida.

Nikolas Cruz walked into Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School and shot 34 people, injuring E

17 people and killing 17 students and staff members. Nikolas was arrested in Coral Springs after purchasing food at Walmart and McDonalds.

Nikolas confessed to being guilty and he was charged with 17 counts of premeditated murder.

The Parkland shooting has been the deadliest shooting in United States history, surpassing the Columbine shooting. People were devastated by the news. People were mad that after all those decades we still haven’t found a solution for this kind of violence.

People have taken their frustration to the streets and have been protesting to get gun-control. Not all of the states in America have strict gun-control.

People speculate that the main cause of people committing shootings is bullying and a rough home-life. A lot of shooters were or are bullied in the past or present. This angers them and makes them want to do something horrible to the people in their surroundings.

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.Continued on page 17 .

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Dear readers, On behalf of our Sophomore group, I would like to thank you for reading the eleventh edition of the St. Martin’s Courier.

The second year groups worked on their stories during one of their weekly Maatwerkuren, to broaden their horizons and to improve their English writing skills. I am happy to report that the pupils were able to put together an issue with a wide variety of topics.

As has been the case from the start, this Editor in Chief helped them along the way, but did not interfere in their writing process or what they were writing about. This also means that there might be mistakes in grammar and spelling, but I hope you will agree that this in no way affects the quality of the articles.

Frontpage………………………….…………… 01 Editor’s Note & Table of Contents ……..….… 02 News articles from...………….……...………….03 Entertainment Courier………………………….24 School Courier…………………………………...30 Sports Courier……………………………………34 Game Courier ……………………………………40 Cool Down Courier……………………………...42

You can also find our up-to-date stories, pictures and videos about our bilingual department on Facebook and Instagram. We appreciate your Likes and we love your comments, even the ones in Dutch. The English Only rule is for our pupils. 

Questions, remarks, suggestions? courier@sintermeerten.nl !

Dennis van Roekel Editor In Chief St. Martin’s Courier

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The case Nicky Verstappen

By Jurre, B2AT

20 years ago, on 10 august 1998, an eleven-year-old boy called Nicky Verstappen disappeared during a summer camp at the Brunssummerheide in Limburg. The police searched together with people from the neighbourhood to find traces from Nicky Verstappen. On Tuesday 11 August at 21:00 the body of Nicky Verstappen is found dead at the Brunssummerheide.

Nobody knew what happened with Nicky. They searched 20 years long to find the perpetrator, a lot of research has been done to find the perpetrator. And in this article I’m going to explain everything step by step.

One year after the murder they started the first dna test. The police asked 40 men to come and give their dna. They didn’t find any match in the first dna test. Not long after the first test, the police started a second one. But also in this test there was no match. in 2001, 2002 and 2007, up to three people were arrested who were suspected of being alarmed by the death of Nicky Verstappen. in all cases there is no dna match. In August 2008, 10 years after the death of Nicky Verstappen, a new dna technique was found. With this new technique they found dna on the clothes of Nicky Verstappen. In 2009 the police started again a new dna test. They asked 144 men to give their dna, also with this test they didn’t find any dna match.

From 2015 until 2017, a team called the ‘Çoldcaseteam’ has found a complete dna-profile from the dna on Nicky’s clothes in 2008. They found this profile because of the new dnatechnique.

In October 2017, the police approached 1500 men to hand over dna. Those 1500 men were at the Brunssumerheide over the year 1998, the year that Nicky Verstappen died. One of them was Jos B. The police went to the mother of Jos B.

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because Jos B. was away. His mother said to the police that he was bush crafting. Bush crafting was Jos B. his hobby. The police didn’t want to wait before Jos B. was back, so they took some clothes from Jos B. At the end of 2017, the police started a final dna test. This time, they asked 21.500 men to come and give their dna. 14.049 men came, the police didn’t expect that so many men would come. In April 2018 Jos B. is reported missing by his family, he didn’t came back since he left in October. In Juni 2018 the police made clear that there was a complete dna-match with Jos B. The dna that was on the clothes of Jos B. , was the same as on the underwear from Nicky Verstappen. The only problem now was that they didn’t knew where Jos B. was. On 26 August Jos B. was arrested in the Spanish city Castellercol. He was seen by a passer-by, he knew Jos B. from all the pictures on the media. He called immediately the police. The Spanish police kept him for a while in Spain before he could go to the Netherlands. On 6 September Jos B. came to the Netherlands, he came by airplane. The Spanish police dropt Jos B. at the airport in Barcelona. At the airport, a Dutch team took it over. Jos B has flown from Barcelona to the Netherlands. When Jos. B was in the Netherlands, the police kept him in prison. While he was staying in prison, the judges immediately looked at when the case would take place. The case took place on 12 December 2018. The parents of Nicky Verstappen where also at the lawsuit in Maastricht, this was the first time that they saw Jos B. in real life. During the lawsuit Jos B. denied everything.

He said: ‘I’m not the person who killed Nicky Verstappen, I’m not the person who raped Nicky Verstappen and I’m not the person who kidnapped Nicky Verstappen.” That made it very difficult for the judge to talk about it. After the lawsuit Jos B. went to the Pieter Baan Centre. That’s a mental health clinic in Almere. Now we just have to wait until the next lawsuit, that one is in March 2019.

So, Jos B. is the prime suspect in the case Nicky Verstappen. His dna has a 100% match with the dna on the underwear of Nicky Verstappen. There is much evidence that Jos B. is the killer/rapist of Nicky, but he still denied everything. The next lawsuit will be in March 2019, maybe we know more then.

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Health

By Mimi & Ruby, B2at

You can divide health in different parts: Physical Health & Mental Health. Ruby is going to write about physical health and Mimi is going to write about mental health. The word health comes from the word healthy what means that you are physical and mental well. And how mental health affects physical health and the other way around.

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Give yourself permission to take a mental health day when you need it.You know when you need one, and you know you'll be more productive (and just generally easier to be around) if you take one.

Get help Even if you think what you're dealing with isn't "bad enough." If you're experiencing mood changes that aren't going away— especially if it's interfering with your daily life—talk to someone, for example. primary care doctor, a friend, a therapist, or even your human resources department.

Show some love to someone in your life.

Close, quality relationships are key for a happy, healthy life.

Has something been bothering you? Let it all out…on paper. Writing about upsetting experiences can reduce symptoms of depression.\ Do your best to enjoy 15 minutes of sunshine.

Apply sunscreen, sunlight synthesizes Vitamin D which experts believe is a mood elevator.

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Mental health •

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Explanation about mental health Mental health is the ability to deal with thoughts, emotions and people. Mental health is about wellness rather than illness. It affects how we think, feel, and act.

The importance of mental health It's important to take care of your mental health, to let your brain & body function. Experts have found that good feelings can boost your ability to deal with stress, solve problems, be flexible and even fight disease.

Taking care of your body emotionally, physically, and mentally through creating joy and satisfaction is an important part of living with or without a mental health condition.

Tips for making your mental health healthier Here are some small, but important ways to take care of your mental health:

Mental welnesses 4 little ingredients for a healthier you: • • • •

Tell yourself something positive.

Write down something you are grateful for.

Open up to someone.

Go to bed on time.

How to prevent mental illnesses Mental health problems can affect anyone at any age. The term mental illness refers collectively to all diagnosable mental disorders—health conditions characterized by alterations in thinking, mood, or behaviour associated with distress or impaired functioning.

Early Warning Signs Experiencing one or more of the following feelings or behaviours can be an early warning sign of a problem: • • •

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Eating or sleeping too much or too little Pulling away from people and usual activities Having low or no energy -4-

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Feeling numb or like nothing matters Having unexplained aches and pains Feeling helpless or hopeless Smoking, drinking, or using drugs (drinking more than usual) Feeling unusually confused, forgetful, on edge, angry, upset, worried, or scared Yelling or fighting with family and friends Thinking of harming yourself or others

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Physical health

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Explanation about what physical health is Physical health is the state of being free from illness or injury. Also known as the condition of a living organism at a specific time. It is the state of your body, free from disease or abnormality, and the condition of your well-being. You can divide it in many topics in: healthy eating, healthy weight, dental health, personal hygiene, illnesses, injury and sleep.

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The importance of your physical health Physical health is important because, it can reduce the risk of developing several diseases. And it improves various factors like: • • • • • • • • •

Reduce the risk of a heart attack.

Manage your weight better.

Have a lower blood cholesterol level.

Lower the risk of type 2 diabetes and some cancers.

Have lower blood pressure.

Have stronger bones, muscles and joints and lower risk of developing osteoporosis.

Lower your risk of falls.

You can easier recover if you are ill.

You feel better, with more energy, a better mood, feel more relaxed and sleep better.

When are you physical healthy?

People say you are physical healthy when the body is functioning as it was designed to function.

However, you are physically healthy when you are feeling physically good. And you are the only person who knows that you are physically healthy.

Tips to get physical healthier •

Be more physically active (at least 30 min 3 times a week): because if you are much active you have less chances to get illnesses.

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Pick up a new hobby or skill: For example, learning how to play a music instrument, can help keep your brain active and healthy.

Eat a healthy- diet: reduce your salt intake and don't eat too much fats.

Drink much water: you get more energy from water, you can be on a better weight if you drink a lot of water and it avoids headaches.

Eat small meals: It is better for your stomach because then it doesn’t over-stretch from digesting a too much food at one time.

Go more outside: fresh air is good for you and gives good thoughts through your brain.

Sleep more: you need minimal 8 hours sleep per day to function properly.

What is bad for your physical health •

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Smoking: because there are a lot of bad chemicals (carbon monoxide and tar) in it that can cause cancer.

Fizzy drinks: because there is so much sugar in it is bad for your teeth and it can cause heart diseases.

Alcohol: because it is bad for many organs in your body like your heart, brain, liver and it can cause cancer.

Too much exercising: it is not good for your body because your body needs time to recover.

Lack of sleep: because you have less energy, you can less focus and you have a bad mood Drugs: because the chemicals in drugs damage your body and brain.

The worst physical illnesses that you can get: 1. Cancer 2. Aids 3. Ebola Haemorrhagic fever 4. ALS (a muscle illness) 5. Rabies 6. Alzheimer 7. Fatal familial insomnia 8. Diabetes 9. Schizophrenia 10. Malaria We both think that you must take care of your health, whether it is mental or physical. They are both closely linked to each other. For example, if you don't feel good in your body you don't feel good in your brain. Get help if needed, or talk to someone whether it is your friend, mentor and/or parents.

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Eating disorders

By Juul & Nika, V2AT

Having an eating disorder is something that a lot of people need to deal with. Eating disorders are very common diseases. There are more people with an eating disorder than you think, because it’s really hard to see if someone has one. They estimate that in the Netherlands more than 100.000 girls between 12 and 18 years old suffer from an eating disorder.

An eating disorder is an psychological disorder characterized by abnormal or disturbed eating habits. This can include eating too much, which can cause diabetes or obesities. But it can also mean that someone isn’t eating enough of particular foods, which can lead to all kinds of anorexia’s.

People with eating disorders, most of the time, are ashamed of their body and also of their disease.

This is the reason why they do not tell anyone, or fear going to a doctor. A lot of times even friends or family didn’t know about it until their kid or best friend got bad health problems.

There are a many different types of eating disorders. The most common ones are e.g.

Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa and Binge eating disorder. Of course there are more but these are most common when looking at the world’s population. When people with an eating disorder search for help, it could be very difficult for doctors and specialists to identify what kind of disorder they have. This is because persons with an eating disorder do not always tell the truth as they are ashamed of what they’ve eaten or done.

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Anorexia Nervosa is a form of depression in your diet. We call this a ‘mood’ disorder. Mood disorders are more common in the Binge subtype than in the constructive subtype. Anorexia means that you aren’t eating enough so people with this disorder either look very skinny or do not eat enough but you aren’t able to see it. Bulimia Nervosa on the other side is when woman (or men) eat a lot at once and then throw everything up again because they feel disgusting. Because of them throwing up all the food they ate they don’t gain weight, this obviously causes them to be very thin and underweighted. More than half of the Bulimia Nervosa patients have anxiety disorders and half of them have mood disorders.

There are also disorders which cause overweight.

One of these disorders, a very common one, is Binge eating disorder. Binge eating patients don’t have a eating pattern. Then can’t control themselves when eating food. By eating too much they gain weight and they become overweighed or even get another disease called obesity.

Approximately half of the risk for getting a Binge eating disorder is genetic. In a lot of cases the patients also use alcohol.

A less common disease is Pica. Pica patients are attracted to eating unusual foods e.g. paint or dirt.

This disorder is more dangerous than others because eating toxic, bacteria’s or other things that are unhealthy for your body can lead to serious illness.

An eating disorder can be caused by a combination of biological, psychological and/or environmental abnormalities. Kids who have parents, sisters, brothers or other family which have had an eating disorder, have a lot more chance of getting an eating disorder then kids without any history of eating disorders.

Parents, classmates and social media can also be a cause of eating disorders. One of the largest influences on the self-esteem from teenagers is social media. On social media like e.g. Instagram or Snapchat one of the things you see the most are boys and girls with the perfect body and with expensive clothes.

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Because of these people presenting themselves like this, mostly teenagers, feel like they are ugly, fat or that they wear the wrong clothes. Unfortunately social media isn’t the only influencer on selfesteem. Kids in school, work or just in like sports can be very mean by telling others that they look ugly, or that they are fat. Kids will become insecure because of this and will want to do something about it.

Kids who get insecure about themselves can make decisions like following the wrong diets. These diets could include; eating less, throwing up their food after they ate it, or even skip some meals on a daily basis. All of these ‘diets’ are very unhealthy, especially for growing teenagers/kids. When they take these diets seriously and start doing it daily, it can cause to an eating disorder.

The environment that people live in also have an influence on the way people eat or even cause them to get an eating disorder. People who live in a place with no proper house, no money and no food are most likely to get eating disorders.

Because of them not having enough money to buy proper food, they can easily get diseases. And when they do have some money but not a lot they will probably not be able to buy expensive, good quality food. If they aren’t able to buy quality food, they are likely to go to e.g. McDonalds or KFC. If you didn’t know yet, McDonalds and either KFC do not sell healthy food. The food there contains a lot of fats, the wrong fats. Fats aren’t the only problem, the food contains other minerals that aren’t good for your body if it’s the only food you’re eating. Them eating only this fatty food can cause obesity or actually get them a serious and very dangerous disease. Even if they had just enough money to buy some food that is more qualitative, they will need a place to keep it fresh and clean. If they have no house or no fridge where they can keep it, it can get rotten or get poisoned. When they eat the poisoned food, they’ll have a great chance on getting a food disease.

the human body is able to survive without drugs but not without food. The recovery process goes through several steps: first a denial phase, a phase of recognition and acceptance, which slowly turns into phase of motivation for recovery. Most people need professional help to go through those steps as well support of their family and social environment, friends and peers. About 45% of people with an eating disorder recovers completely, 30% partly and 25% not.

Leontien’s story; Life is more than counting calories says Leontien, who was a famous Dutch cyclist. She recovered from an eating disorder. An eating disorder isolates you, you lose your dignity, she says. I had Anorexia Nervosa. The way back was really difficult; I was not able to find it for a long time.

Or maybe I did not want it; I was obsessed by the fight with the scale. With help of others I made it.

And although it was a while ago it still keeps me busy, especially if I see others with eating disorders and see how they struggle with losing or gaining weight, I want to reach out and help them. Not that I am the expert, but because I experienced this myself, I am able to understand people with eating disorders very well. I like to share my stories, because I believe that by being honest and open I can support others. Even small things can help. A beauty day with friends, having a cup of coffee after walking on the beach, going out cycling; everybody should know there is a way back, even if you find that hard to believe.

Can you get better when having an eating disorder?

Is an eating disorder specific for young people?

No actually not. The eating disorder is not only common for teenagers, but is also know by people in middle-age, mainly women. For example a study in Great Britain showed that around 10% of women in the age of 50 suffer from an eating disorder such as anorexia. But more often people in this age suffer from overweight.

We know that most of the people develop an eating disorder slowly, step by step; as well is their recovery process very slow, with ups and downs.

With other words, it doesn’t happen overnight. It takes time and takes energy. You can compare it to a process of recovery from an addiction, like using drugs or alcohol. However, the difference is that

Eating disorders are common diseases mostly seen in girls rather than boys. Eating disorders are more common in young age. Biological, psychological and/or environmental factors cause eating disorders. It is not easy to recover from an eating disorder; it takes a lot of time. Support from others is important to get better.

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Plastic Surgery

By Serena, V2AT

When you hear of plastic surgery, what do you think of? A Hollywood star that is trying to hide the fact that she’s getting older? Or people who want to change the size of different body parts because they see it done so easily on TV? Those are common images of plastic surgery, but what about the boy with the bitemark on his chin? Or the woman with a birthmark on her forehead?

Just because the name includes the word ‘plastic’ doesn’t mean patients who have this surgery end up with a face full of fake stuff. Plastic surgeries are medical operations to repair a damaged/badly formed area of skin or bone, to improve a person’s appearance. Plastic surgeries are divided into two main parts; cosmetic surgeries and reconstructive surgeries. Reconstructive procedures correct defects on the face or body, like birth defects, traumatic injuries or the aftermath of disease treatments. Cosmetic procedures alter a part of the body that a person is not satisfied with, like changing the size of different body parts.

There are lots of types of surgeries. More specific, you can get surgeries for your face and eyes, mouth and teeth, breasts, abdomen, upper limb and skin but there are many more. The prices differ a lot. Plastic surgeries are not covered by most insurance plans, but sometimes they do if it’s a reconstructive surgery. For skin and hair operations you pay approximately between the 150 and 2560 euros. Injectables are between the 420 and 697 euros. Head and face surgeries are between 2800 and 7570 euros. Breast operations are between 3500 and 5800 euros and body operations are between 370 and 7800 euros. But never choose a surgeon on basis of lower cost!

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There's a long history of plastic surgeries. Plastic surgeries became more common between the 19th and 20th century, because before that time those surgeries caused a lot of pain and many people got infections and diseases. But when surgeon John Peter Mettauwer did the first plastic surgery with instruments designed by himself, more techniques were created, and more people get more surgeries.

When the surgeries became more popular, injectables were designed. Injectables are chemical substances inserted into the skin with a needle in which Botox is the most popular (Botox relaxes the muscles).

Plastic surgeries can make you look stunning but there are also negatives; You can get nerve damage, blood loss, infections, scarring, organ damage and you can also be disappointed of the result. To avoid these problems, you should go to a professional clinic. To find one you should ask people who have done these surgeries for recommendations, next you should read reviews and do your research. If you found a surgeon, you should ask is he/she is affiliated with a hospital.

Then you should ask questions and take a look at the clinic. If the surgeon gives you a comfortable feeling and you feel that he’s good with the knife you found the right one. The recovery of plastic surgeries takes a long time and might makes you worried. But you should always listen to your surgeon.

What might surprise you is that also teenagers can get plastic surgeries. Reasons for teens is most of the time that they want to fit in and look acceptable to friends and others. Adults, on the other hand, do these surgeries because they want to stand out from the crowd. Also, many people regret plastic surgeries and they want to get rid of it. In worse cases you can go to a doctor if it affects your health.

There are also some clinics that are specialised in removing plastic surgeries.

But is plastic surgery the right choice?

Yes, sometimes it is. But you should really watch out because there are serious risks of these surgeries. You should be good informed about the surgery you are considering. The results can be disappointing and may damage your confidence even more.

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Drugs Industry

By Liv & Sterre, V2at

Also, a lot of people mix cocaine with other types of drugs for example heroine which can make you addicted to both drugs, but from some mixes people make you can die from. Nitrous oxide is very popular in the Netherlands. For most people it started as a fun party drug, but the more often they take it people get more addicted to it, which is not good for the health. Nitrous oxide was first used in the hospital to bring people under narcosis.

Introduction The drugs industry is a criminal and big industry.

We found this really interesting. Everyone knows that it is being sold and that it is everywhere. Why is it still legal when people are dying from it? Why take people drugs when they know it is dangerous for your health conditions? What happens when it becomes legal?

What are drugs?

When people think of drugs, they think of something bad, but it is actually a medicine. Drugs are used to let you feel better and get better results by sports, when you take drugs you might hallucinate. Drugs have influence on your mind and feelings. If you have taken drugs you can become really aggressive, tired, can’t stand anymore, want to lay down, can be loud and have shameless actions and has a change with too cold and having it too warm.

What kind of drugs do you have?

You have 2 types of drugs, you have hard drugs and soft drugs. Cocaine is for example a hard drug and cannabis is an example of soft drugs. Hard drugs are illegal in the Netherlands, but there is one type of hard drug which is legal in the Netherlands and that is alcohol. Alcohol effects your mind and feelings when your drunk you can't think straight anymore which makes you do stupid things. Cocaine is illegal in the Netherlands.

Cocaine gives your brain more of some kinds of substances which makes the user think they have more energy. You can get easily addicted to cocaine which makes them so dangerous.

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What are the rules ?

In the Netherlands it is illegal for everybody to have drugs with when. When you are under the age of 18 it’s punishable to own and sell drugs. For people older than 18 years old there is made an exception when a person older than 18 years old owns a little amount of soft drugs (about 5g ) for own use the police turns a blind eye. It’s illegal to sell and own hard drugs but it’s allowed to use it.

All rules around drugs are written down in the ‘opium’ law.

Why get people addicted to drugs ?

If you get addicted to drugs depends on four factors: -the properties of the drug: Some drugs are more addictive than others -your physical condition: It is becoming more clear that the onset of addiction has to do with the functioning of our brains -your personal qualities: Someone’s personal qualities can already show if someone is likely to become addicted to drugs. For example when you are always negative you are more likely to become addicted to drugs.

-your social situation: Also plays an important role in becoming addicted to drugs. When you are always negative you are more likely to become addicted.

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How do they get drugs in the country Drugs are made in drug labs then they are transported to many countries. Off course this is illegal and therefore people smuggle the drugs in the country people think of the craziest ways to smuggle it. The most used ways are for example swallowing it, shipping it by using boats or planes even submarines and cannons are used. It cannot be crazy enough. Here are some really bizarre ways. People stuffed breast implants with cocaine, made fake carrots and stuffed it with marijuana.

Mexican marines discovered and dead shark with drugs in it.

How do drugs get sold?

It’s not really hard to get drugs. In coffee shops you can get hashish or weed when you are 18 or older.

Young people mostly ask their older siblings to get their weed or hashish. In smart shops you can also buy products which have an effect on your consciousness like ‘truffles’. The selling of coke or XTC goes through a dealer. Using 06-numbers, online or a dealer who’s on a party or in a club.

People usually get 06-numbers Through friend or friends from them. Sometimes drugs also get sold on certain places on the streets in Amsterdam on ‘de Wallen’ for instance. Here you can buy all kind off drugs like heroine. Drugs increasingly get sold on the internet using sites such as Tor or the dark web off course this is illegal.

How do coffee shops get their drugs?

Coffee shops need to keep to strict rules about selling drugs. For example, coffee shops may only sell drugs to people who are older than 18 years old. Coffee shops need to act within certain amounts of weed or drugs. But how get coffee shops their weed and drugs when it is forbidden to produce that in the Netherlands? Let's start with people who grow it their selves. It is illegal to grow it yourself still people do it to earn more money easily. So, it is a big risk to grow it yourself because if the police find it you get a lot of consequences.

Coffee shops get their weed from home growers which is illegal. Sometimes coffee shops grow weed themselves which is also illegal to do. So, everybody can sell their weed to coffee shops. But coffee shops can only have 500grams of weed so 3 a 4 times the stock is topped up. The weed trade is tolerated. Buying weed is not allowed but it is also not strictly controlled. Hash for example is a different story this comes from other countries.

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Why are drugs still legal?

This is obviously a poor question, but one that illustrates a big paradox in British and international drug laws. Some drugs - such as alcohol, caffeine and nicotine - are legal, while others - such as cannabis, cocaine and opium - are not, so short on the question "why are (some) drugs illegal?" Simple. That's because the editors of powerful newspapers want it that way. They see the prohibition of drugs as a tangible measure of success, a tribute. And behind them the alcohol industry continues to secretly express its opposition to everything that could challenge its monopoly on the sale of . But that is another story.

What happens when drugs become legal?

Recently there was a debate about the legalization of the drugs industry, But what that should look like, is hardly thought about. The problems of the war on drugs are often mentioned, but the solution is not easy. For each resource, the government must decide separately whether and how it wants to regulate it. I see drugs mainly as a 'risky cultural phenomenon', comparable to skydiving, gambling and prostitution. They are also not completely forbidden. Is there a world in which all drugs are legally available for recreational use? The more this debate is fed with actual knowledge about the subject, the greater the chance that problems will finally be resolved. The greater the chance that the criminalization of hundreds of thousands of people in the Netherlands will end. There must be a better solution than an international drug war. What I want this solution to look like and whether that is a realistic idea, we will see in the future.

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Drugs & teenagers

A lot of teenagers under the age of 18 drink alcohol on parties, but alcohol is illegal for people under the age of 18 so how do they get it? Most of the time teenagers get their alcohol from friends who are older than 18 or teens get it from their parents. So, alcohol is for teenagers really easy to get. Why do teenagers take them? When children get older, they want to try different things and get out of their comfort zone. It most of the time starts with alcohol which is a hard drug, then teens try smoking and then they try other types of drugs.

Most teenagers try cannabis which is another name for weed, hash or marihuana which are soft drugs. But how do teenagers get their drugs?

Under the age of 18 buying drugs is forbidden, even being in a coffee shop is forbidden.

But sometimes drugs are being sold on the streets.

So, teenagers get it from people above the 18 years old from a coffee shop or they buy it on the streets.

What happens with the waste materials?

In the Netherlands we have some illegal drugs labs which need to dump their waste products. Most labs dump their waste products in the nature or on spots were almost nobody comes. Which is really bad for the environment. And maybe some children who are playing outside find it they might touch it and put it inside their mouth. Which can have consequences. Because it is illegal to produce drugs the makers have to drop the waste materials in the environment, which is not good for the environment and it is dangerous.

Conclusion The drugs industry is still a major problem in all the countries. A lot of people use drugs although it’s illegal. Maybe we should think about the legalisation of drugs. We think it’s weird that cigarettes and alcohol are legal because this is also causes health problems. We discovered a lot of information about the drugs industry and we think we can never stop the use of drugs but we may reduce it.

How do you make it?

You have different ways to make drugs. Some people make their drugs themselves which is really dangerous if you're not specialised because you might make wrong mixes. But if you make it yourself the biggest problem are the raw materials.

In addition, you will have to go through chemical processes, but you need to have knowledge about this because it is dangerous. But making your own weed is not that hard, you just have to have a few things in order. Do you want to start a weed culture then you can do it outside or inside.

Outside is easier than indoor, but outside is only possible if the temperature is suitable for the plant.

Inside you have to make a space where your cannabis plants are. There must be fresh air supply and the smell of weed must be filtered and extracted during cultivation.

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ELEVENTH ISSUE

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World Pollution

By Evi, V2at

What are the consequences of world pollution?

What will happen is that the Earth will keep the warmth, this is called ‘the greenhouse effect.’

When the Earth keeps the warmth, the polars will melt. If this happens, the sea level will rise. This is very bad for the Netherlands because the country is already under sea level. Nowadays it is protected by the dikes, but when the sea level is getting higher and higher the dikes are not strong and high enough for the rising water.

World pollution is created by humans. We use a lot of fossil fuels, we spoil a lot of fresh water and we overload the oceans with plastic.

The exhaust gases from conventional means of transport (cars, boats and airplanes) are not good for the environment. They contain a lot of CO2.

Although there are a lot of cars with petrol, there are also cars which are good for the environment: electric cars. There is one problem, those cars make no sound. This can lead to accidents. The electric cars must be charged when they are empty. One example to charge the battery of the cars is using solar panels. We can use solar panels to produce electricity. But there is one problem. Solar panels only produce electricity when the sun is shining.

Normally this is at the time that most people are not at home so they cannot use this electricity. You can use big batteries to store the electricity, but this is expensive. We can use other ways to produce energy, for example windmills. In the Netherlands there are a lot of windmills. For example, in the North Sea there is a huge windmill park.

There are also other factors which are bad for the environment, for example meat. You probably didn’t know that meat is not good for the environment, but meat is the worst for the environment and pollutes more than all other things. For one kilogram of meat 15.000 litres of fresh water is needed. To feed our livestock we cut down South Americas rainforest to produce cheap crops. The trees and plants in the rainforest are needed to take away the carbon dioxide and produce oxygen for us so we can breathe. This is very important because the rainforest can lower the CO2 in the air.

Currently world pollution is a serious problem.

There are several TV programs about it. In these programs the problems are all different; in one program they show for example how mass production can pollute the world and another program is about how we can solve these problems and in what way.

We must all ensure that we do not pollute the earth anymore!

The plastic soup which is floating in the oceans across the whole world is also very bad for the environment. All the plastic in the oceans can be eaten by fish and other animals. The animals can die of this or they store it in their body. If we humans eat for example these fish, we also eat the plastic.

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ELEVENTH ISSUE

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Global Warming

By Remco, B2at

The fast rise in greenhouse gases is a problem because it is changing the climate faster than some living things may be able to adapt. It means that the environment changes faster than evolution can keep up with so the animals can't adapt fast enough to the new environment and that means that the animals will die.

Global warming has been a big problem for the last decade and there is a lot of debate about it, how its caused and how to fix it.

Global warming is the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects. The discovery of climate change/ global warming began in the early 19th century when ice ages and other natural changes were first suspected, and the natural greenhouse effect first identified. In the late 19th century, scientists first argued that human emissions of greenhouse gases could change the climate.

What is global warming?

Global warming means the earth's temperature rising due to us Human releasing gases as we power our modern lives, such as burning coal to make energy and exhaust gases from our cars.

Global warming is mainly caused by the greenhouse effect, the greenhouse effect is the warming that happens when certain gases in Earth's atmosphere trap heat. These gases let in light but heat from escaping, like the glass walls of a greenhouse. First, sunlight shines onto the Earth's sur where it is absorbed and then radiates back into the atmosphere as heat. In the atmosphere, “greenhouse� gases trap some of this heat, and the rest escapes into space. The more greenhouse gases are in the atmosphere, the more heat gets trapped.

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The consequences of global warming. the climate can change in unexpected ways. In addition to sea levels rising, weather can become more extreme. This means more intense major storms, more rain followed by longer and drier droughts. It also means that it will be more difficult for crops to grow and so it will be more difficult for us to find food. Earth's remaining ice sheets (such as Greenland and Antarctica) are starting to melt too. The extra water could potentially raise sea levels significantly.

What can we do about global warming?

1 Choose a utility company that generates at least half its power from wind or solar and has been certified by Green-e Energy, an organization that vets renewable energy options.

2 invest in green energy, such as solar panels. You can also drive an electric car.

ELEVENTH ISSUE

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Life in a Warzone

By Evi, B2at

We all have seen videos on the news about what war can do to a country, but what can war do to a person? In every war it differs, and every person experiences it differently. But we as innocent, unknown and weak persons can’t even imagine how war is, because we only assume and see things. And that’s why I’m going to share some interviews and real stories of people who survived a war! Be aware that in the interviews terrible things are mentioned.

We all think about the people who died in the war, the survivors and the little children but we also have to think of the brave soldiers, they are also traumatized for life, they didn’t have a choice.

Here are real words of a soldier: “I began to ease my way out and eventually the first wagon reached me. And do you know, I never even had the guts to do that. I found myself wishing to do it. But hadn’t got the guts to do it.” John Palmer Later in an incident John palmer was hit, a friend came over to help him, but John didn’t accept his help, because he didn’t want to be saved.

“I said to him, ‘don’t touch me. Leave me. I’ve had enough. Just leave me'," “I found myself sinking down in the mud, and this time I didn’t worry about the mud. I didn’t hate it any more. It seemed like a protective blanket covering me and I thought to myself, well if this is death, it is not so bad.”

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But not only adults have faced the war, children and families faced it too. Just like Abo Yahya from Damascus. He, his wife and his 4 children are sqeezed together on one sofa, that sofa is also their living room because the rest was blasted away by shells. Snipers shoot by a nearby tower , shells are dropped by planes and rockets are launched from a mountain top. Abo Yahya and his family are living like this for over 3 years like this. But why aren’t they moving? Well, firstly he has not enough money, and secondly he doesn’t want to move because, he said that this was his home.

The family gets up at 5am for prayers. At 9am they have breakfast. "The planes fly past at this time and usually drop four rockets. This is how we start the day.

Every day we receive at least 12 shells from the mountain." Abu Yahya says.

Before this conflict the family has never dealt with death… people would die around the age of 80 or 90. But now they have to say goodbye to their loved ones way more earlier than expected.

Here is an interview about a woman from Guatemala.The Mayan woman said that the soldiers set fire to their villages. They shot their husbands and brothers, and burned their houses.

They stopped to wait for the sound of their babies crying. When they cried the soldiers came close, and closer. Then they killed their babies, and raped the women.

We still can’t imagine how war is, how it feels and what you see, unless you survived a war. This article shows you how people experienced this and how different wars are, and in different parts of the world, over different periods of time. But it will never ever let you experience how a real war is.

If you ask me, we have to be so thankful that we are so lucky to live in a nice country and not in a warzone.

ELEVENTH ISSUE

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Life of Pablo Escobar Daan, B2AT

Pablo Escobar had a different life because he mostly was in the Medellín cartel, there he had people that work for him, for example: • Checking the drugs • Making the drugs • Packaging the drugs • Delivering the drugs • Packaging the money for Pablo.

The whole name of Pablo Escobar is Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria and his surnom is The King of Cocaine, he is born in Rionegro on 1 December 1949.

His job was to run a drug cartel called Medellín cartel, he was the leader of the company. Pablo earned a lot of money with the company because it was a worldwide company for other drug dealers. Pablo died in Medellín on 2 December 1993, so he was 44 when he died. Pablo was the wealthiest criminal in history, he earned 61 million per day (funny fact: he bought 2500 euros per months of rubber bands to keep his money together).

Now I am going to talk about how Pablo led his life, and how he survived in his almost impossible life. When Pablo was a young man, he wanted to be the president of Colombia. Pablo was one of the richest men and with a net worth of 30 billion dollar. When Pablo became older, he discovered cocaine, and that you can earn a lot of money with it if you sell it. Pablo transported 80 percent of his cocaine to the U.S., That was approximately 70 to 80 tons.

He entered the cocaine trade in the 1970’s, together with other criminals to form the Medellín cartel.

He earned popularity by sponsoring football clubs and later also terror campaigns, so with sponsoring he got a lot of money and in the first period when he began with the cocaine trade, he bought his cocaine with the sponsoring trades. After a few months he was very rich, and he could buy his cocaine from the money that he got from other people were he cocaine to delivered.

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Because Pablo was the leader of the Medellín cartel and so he didn’t have to do anything, unless he had to look if everything went according to plan and if there were no traitors. Sometimes there are some traitors in a drug cartel who want to help the police with finding and arresting the leader and all the other people who work for the leader. In 1975, Pablo Escobar started developing in his cocaine operation. Flying out with planes, mainly between Colombia and Panama. Pablo bought 15 planes, 6 helicopters, 1 learjet and 8 boats, because 1 plane was to less to transport the drugs. The people that work for Pablo can deliver the drugs with all those vehicles and then Pablo earns a lot of money.

When Pablo was 22 years, he had already 1,2 million dollars and when he turned 26 years, he had a bank deposit of 100 million dollars. When he became older and older, he earned 61 million per day.

Pablo had a lot of escape routes or how Pablo called it: drug routes, he was always able to escape from the police because he’d so many drug routes that the police could not intercept them. May 1976 Pablo and a few people that worked for him had been arrested and found with 18 kg of white paste.

When Pablo was almost 4 days in the prison (Altiplano prison), he wanted to escape.

The people that worked for Pablo knew that he was in the prison and they made an underground tunnel with a motorcycle on rails to escape. Pablo heard from his friends that they were making an underground tunnel, how Pablo got the information is unfamiliar.

ELEVENTH ISSUE

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School Shootings Front Page

>>> Victims of school shootings have used social media as a platform where they share their stories with people who experienced something similar.

This has helped a lot of people.

He dug a hole in the cell shower and jumped into it, then he was in the tunnel, he walked a few meters in the tunnel and there stand the motorcycle on rails. Pablo took it and drove fast to the Colonia Santa Juana construction site, that was the place where the tunnel ended. He reached the end and there are all his friends and the people that work for him.

A-few months after the escape, Pablo was again arrested but now he said: ‘'I’m only going to prison if I may built my own one’'. The police and the government said that it was able. Pablo spent a few million, he got a prison with a pool and that sort of things. 1,5 year after the escape from the prison, Pablo Escobar died by several shots on his body.

He got one shot in his leg, one in the torso and the fatal gunshot trough his ear. Soon after Pablo’s death, the cocaine place from Pablo became dominated by the rival Cali Cartel until the mid1990’s when also its leaders were either killed or captured by the Colombian government. So, Pablo died on 2 December 1993.

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School shootings are a terrible tragedy and affects nations, families and communities worldwide.

People have taken their frustration to the streets and have started protesting for protection for preventing school shootings and shootings in general. But has it helped? In some ways it has and in some ways it hasn’t. Right now, all we can do is be nice to everyone because we don’t know what that person is going through and you could be the one making their lives just a little better.

When the shooter have or has had a rough family life (Domestic violence etc.) it can build up a lot of anger as well. Nikolas Cruz the Florida shooter lost his mom the year before the shooting and lived at a friend’s house because of the abuse at home. All these events made him angry and sad and made him want to do something horrendous. Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold were both known as the weird kids at Columbine High School and were bullied/harassed by the football players of the school. This was one of the reasons they committed the shooting, the two wanted to hurt the people who hurt them. Dylan and Eric wrote about their hate towards the school and the people in it in their dairies which they hid from their family.

Social Media has taken a part in the aftermath of school shootings as well. People take their opinions and put it on the internet for the rest of the world to see. This has caused a lot of conflict and controversy. Some people think that the cause of shooting is mental illnesses while other people think that gun control is the main reason.

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The Wild West

By Maxim, B2AT

I chose this topic because I wanted to know more about it, The Wild West was a time where there were no laws so there was a lot of crime.

So in the wild west there was a lot of crime because there were only a few lawmen (sheriffs). So the chance the criminals got arrested was very little.

Criminals got most of their money from robberies on: trains, mailmen and banks. Also all villages looked the same because they had the same kind of buildings. A few examples are: Saloon: place where the men and women could drink alcohol.

Whorehouse: place where the men could have sex.

General store: kind of a grocery store. Doctor: place where people could get there medicines and can get a surgery. And of course there were a lot of houses for people to live in. the main way to travel was by horse because they didn't have cars yet in that time. most people worked on farms for their money because there were only few jobs. today there are a lot of western movies that are based on the time of the wild west. The wild west was not around the whole world at that time, it was mostly in America. Very much people got sick in the wild west because there was little food and if there was enough food for everybody in a village, the outlaw (criminal) gangs came into town to steal everybody’s money and food.

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After around 1899 the wild west came to an end because America was becoming a land of laws and even the west of America had mostly been tamed.

A lot of Europeans would go on a vacation to America because of this.

America began to modernize their villages and roads. there were still criminals around who didn't care about the laws and just kept on stealing from people and killing them. for this problem America began to set up armies, and in no time America was one of the richest countries of the world.

Today, there also are games in the theme of the wild west, some examples are: Red Dead Redemption, Red Dead Redemption II, Western Fighting and Wanted.

The wild west was a very poor time to live but also dangerous because of all the crime. I wouldn’t want to live there myself because of the poor conditions and because of the crime. I would like to live one day in that time and rob a bank or something.

ELEVENTH ISSUE

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Project Mercury

By Yvo & Peter, B2at

Project Mercury is the first human spaceflight, NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) learned a lot from project mercury. The agency learned how to put astronauts in orbit around the earth.

The Space Race began with the 1957 launch of the Soviet satellite Sputnik 1. This came as a shock to the American public and so to the creation of NASA to expedite existing US space exploration efforts and place most of them under civil control came. The whole program costed 1.6 billion dollars, so very much dollars do you think, is it worth it? yes it is! Because then they know more about our solar system and what is around us in orbit so we can maybe get materials from it, so we can explore more and build more on our green planet Earth!

Safety NASA made sure the rocket could both stand the heat as well as the journey which is going to take about 7 years. The rocket had to be able to stand about 427 °C which at first really sounded like a challenge, which it still is but with modern technology it will make it easier. Then comes the Long journey, the rocket needs to be able to fly fast, for a faster journey. It needs to be able to store much fuel, so it can fly the whole journey. And it needs to be able to not use much fuel per hour, so there is 1% chance it will run low on fuel.

Not the First try?

There was already a try to go to Mercury only there were humans on board! Two types of rockets were used for Mercury launches. The first two of the six flights with an astronaut on board used a Redstone rocket. The other four manned flights used an Atlas rocket.

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Both rockets were first built as missiles for the military. The spacecraft used was cone shaped and it didn’t have an on-board computer it was all controlled by computers on Earth the systems of the computers were BMI 701 computers.

Astronauts laid down in the rocket with their head in the area of the heat generator so it was really hot.

Those are the astronauts on board: Alan Shepard on the first mercury flight, Gus Grissom as a second astronaut on mercury flight, Scott Carpenter he flew on Aurora 7, Deke Slayton was one of the Mercury Seven. Most of them died

Modern Technology In this rocket NASA is launching there will be no humans aboard, this means that the rocket will be completely robot powered. This is why if one thing goes wrong there is a big chance of failure. But with the technology that is possible with new technology it wouldn’t be hard to but how does new technology help us with making it easier for heat the spacecraft needs to stand and it can run on less fuel, so it can have a Good quality flight, without or with the least turbulence as possible, To make the flight smooth and not bumpy. Modern technology is also helping with the launch as the launch needs to go different that others, because now it is easier to go to space, because we have a better view of how space works. But how does it work on ground control?

On ground control The number of personnel supporting a Mercury mission was typically around 18,000, with about 15 thousand people associated with recovery.

Mercury astronauts on the ground would take part of the Capsule Communicator or CAPCOM who communicated with the astronaut in space. In the Control Centre, the data was displayed on boards on each side of a world map, which showed the position of the spacecraft, its ground track and the place it could land in an emergency within the next 30 minutes.

In conclusion the mercury project launched successfully and in the end we learned much from it and we can use that information in the future for more inventions and space launches.

ELEVENTH ISSUE

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How to Start your own Business

By Teun, B2AT

I'm going to talk about how you can start your own business. Why: it is really interesting for me.

Because I want to start my own business later on.

With employees, In this project you can expected tips and tops. How much you need to pay for your job, or what for loan you could expected for your work.

Idea:

Come up with an idea. Think of what you like to do, or where you can tell a lot of, or what you can do very well/good. Think of your favourite food, Search for things on the internet, Ask other people/friends what they think of your idea. Look to your money maybe you need a rent of the bank.

How much money do you need? How much time you have for work out your idea?

Is it possible:

Look how much money people want to pay, ask things. Will there be enough profit? In the beginning there will always be a setback! How are you going to make your stuff? Do you need people for it? How much will there loan be?

Income and spending.

What are your income and expenses. and how much will your idea cost for customers

Making a marketing plan.

When you have a general idea of how much money you must work with, write down a budget for marketing which indicates how much money you have available to spend on advertising: • And create things or ideas what fits the best in your budget • Think of where you want to do marketing. On which time of the day. And the location.

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Think also of the age group is it for people between the 55-100 or between 1-18.

Talk with other companies for advertisement, tell your idea maybe they will help you.

Making a marketing plan.

When you have a general idea of how much money you must work with, write down a budget for marketing which indicates how much money you have available to spend on advertising: • And create things or ideas what fits the best in your budget • Think of where you want to do marketing. On which time of the day. And the location.

• Think also of the age group is it for people between the 55-100 or between 1-18.

• Talk with other companies for advertisement, tell your idea maybe they will help you.

Getting financing.

• •

Talk with your bank, give them an idea what you want to do.

Start talking over start up-loans, how they going to help you, how much they need to lend to you, and things that you want to know by your own.

Get local investors, If the banks loan will not be enough, ask companies what I just tell ask around, ask friends family or other people what you know.

Or post things on social media but look or people are real and not fake. And ask why they want to help you. Say for example in your letter,

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Hello, I am (your name), And I am starting a new business. (say what for business you are going to start and give an explanation, what you going to do with your business). If they get their money back in several years. How they can connect with you. For example, Jaap@gmail.com or your mobile device number, 0612345678 And then, greets from (‌.) I hope you can help me.

When you have your financing make a report how many incomes you will get and how many money there will go out in a month.

Then buy things you need or where to settle

Get an office, where you need to run your business. This can be at home or in a building.

Purchase equipment, Laptops, tables, or the food that you need.

Build a costumer place:

Go in the marketing talk with companies who would buy your products. Be creative, practice your service skills on your phone when someone calls you. And what really helps you have a website where people could buy your product, you have to put your e-mail on the website and your number but later on you have to remove this when you have a bigger company.

Require payment:

Open a bank account when people pay with their credit cards. Have a safe box where you pout cash money in. You need to count the cash money. Set up an online system in case someone hack your bank account.

My own conclusion about this!

When I must do this. I think its super fun to do set up your own business. Bring your own money and have employees. And your own company.

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ELEVENTH ISSUE

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International Companies

By Roemer, B2at

This article is about all kinds of businesses. We will look at the 5 most popular, richest and upcoming businesses.

The most popular 5. Microsoft. Microsoft is one of the biggest software companies. At the moment there are 1.2 billion people who use Microsoft. The founder of Microsoft is Bill Gates. Bill Gates is 63 years old and he is the richest person in the world. He founded Microsoft 43 years ago.

4. Apple, apple is a brand that makes all kind of devices. There are 1.3 billion people who use an Apple device. The founders are Steve Jobs, Ronald Wayne and Steve Wozniak. Apple is 42 years old.

3. Google. Google is a huge searching machine on the internet. There are 1.53 billion people who use Google. The founders where Larry Page and Sergey Brin. Google was founded 20 years ago.

2. Facebook. Facebook is a huge social media platform. There are 2.27 billion people use Facebook. Facebook was the first platform to reach 1 billion registrations. The founder of Facebook is Mark Zuckerberg. Mark Zuckerberg is 34 years old.

He founded Facebook 14 years ago.

1. Unilever. Unilever is an inspection company.

They inspect food, selfcare products and cleanings products. 2.5 billion people use products from Unilever. The founders were the Lever brothers.

And they founded the company on September 1929 that is 89 years ago.

The most money making 5. Toyota Motor – $254.700.000.000. Toyota motor is a japanese multinational automotive manufactures. This comapny is pretty old it was founded in 1937 August 28. And its headquarters are in Japan.

4. China National Petroleum Corporation – $262.600.000.000. China National Petroleum Corporation is a company that suplies gas and oil all over the world.

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The company now exists for 30 years. This company is also state owned. And the headquarters are in Bejing China.

3. Sinopec Group – $267.500.000.000. Sinopec is also a electricity comapny. It is the second biggest electricty company in the world. This comapany is state owned as well. The biggest city's where they work are Hongkong, Bejing, Shanghai and Ney York.

2. State Grid Corporation of China – $315.200.000.000. State Grid Corporation of China is the biggest electricity company around the world. The company started in december 2002 in Peking China. This comany is state owned at the moment but that might change in a few years.

1. Walmart – $485.900.000.000. Walmart is a huge grocery store. They do not only sell grocerys they sell all kinds of things. The first Walmart was opend on the second of july 1962. It was founded

by Sam Wolten. At one point Wolten was even the richest person in America.

Upcoming businesses in the Netherlands 5. Catawiki is an online platform to buy and sell special items and collectibles. It was founded in 2008 as online community for collectors. It was founded by two Dutch men René Schoenmakers and Marco Janssen.

4. Action. Action is a store where you can buy all kinds of different things from food to things you can use in your own home. The company started as a small store in 1993 and it was set up by Gerard Deen and Rob Wagemaker.

3. Coolblue. A Dutch e-commerce company that was founded in 1999 by Pieter Zwart, Paul de Jong and Bart Kuijpers. This company is becoming one of the largest online web shops in the Netherlands and Belgium.

2. Rituals. The first company to combine home and body products. This company was founded in 2000 by Raymond Cloosterman. I think it’s funny a man founded it because most people will think it is founded by a women.

1. Takeaway is an online platform to order food to deliver in the Netherlands we know it as Thuisbezorgd. The company was founded by a student Jitse Groen in the year 2000. Jitse thought he could make it much more easy to order food online.

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Samsung vs Apple

By Nick & Jelle, V2AT

4 years later in 2011 Jobs made Tim Cook new CEO due to medical issues and shortly after Steve Jobs past away. Nowadays more and more Apple products are being developed. The downside is that they keep getting more and more expensive with some products like the Iphone X costing over 1000 US dollars when it was released. This is causing Apple to sell less of their products.

In 2007 Apple released their new flagship, the Iphone it was the first phone with a touchscreen and a lot of features other phones didn’t have at the time. Since then also other companies started to make smart phones, one of them is Samsung a very popular smart phone manufacture. In 2015 Samsung released the S6 edge it was the first phone to have a rounded off edge this almost forced Apple to also come up with something new, ever since the battle went on and now there is a bit of a discussion about the two and people are arguing about which brand is the best.

Apple and Samsung already had differences from the start. Apple has always been an electronics company. Samsung on the other hand was a trademark for dried fish and noodles. Apple was founded in 1976 by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne where they sold the Apple 1 personal computer made by Wozniak and later the Apple 2. Compared to the technology we have now it was a piece of junk but back then it was a revolutionary machine but the high price caused it to not sell very well. Because of that in 1985 Wozniak left the company and Steve Jobs left as well to start a company called NeXT with former Apple employees. By 1997 Microsoft gained popularity with their windows operating system.

To save Apple from bankruptcy, new CEO Gil Amelio bought NeXT to bring jobs back. Jobs then became the new CEO of Apple. He started opening stores and in 2007 he announced the iPhone. This brought apple back on the market.

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Samsung was Founded in 1938 by Lee Byung-chul as a trading company. Over the next 3 decades Samsung had businesses in food processing, textiles, insurance, securities and retail. They started with the electronics industry in 1960 and with shipbuilding and construction in the mid-70s. after Lee’s death in 1987 Samsung split into four business groups: Samsung Group, Shinsegae Group, CJ Group and Hansol Group. Since 1990 Samsung has globalised its activities and electronics. Their most popular products are their phones which is the reason why they compete with Apple. As of 2017, Samsung has the 6th highest global brand value with Apple on 2nd place and Google 1st. Samsung has a global brand value of 66.218 million and Apple is worth 107.141 million.

Apple sells about 5 phones per second and have an actual profit of approximately 1000 US dollars per second. Samsung sells about 7 seven phones a second but makes 50 us dollars less then apple per second, 950 to be exact. Both companies have had a long history in their products but that still begs the question: which one is better?

The newest phone of apple is the IPhone X, recently they released some other models but they aren’t much off an improvement compared to the Iphone x and the newest phone of Samsung is the galaxy S9. If we compare these two with each other, then we see some differences. The biggest difference is the operating system, Apple uses IOS and Samsung uses Android. They both have standard apps like a stopwatch and internet browsers. IOS is made by Apple itself and is compared to Android much easier to use and learn since the settings are very easy to change for example.

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The phones both support wireless charging. They are both water proof but the S9 lasts 30 minutes at a depth of 1,5 metres while the iPhone x survives just as long but only at a depth of 1 metre. They both also have a fingerprint sensor but you can also unlock you’re phone with face recognition. In terms of storage they both go up to 256 GB but in the Samsung u can still put a Micro SD card which can get you around 400 GB of total storage on your phone.

IOS is also much safer since it’s not that easy to download stuff or access documents but that can also work in a negative way of course. Android is made by google and Samsung uses it, Android has a lot of options and possibilities the keyboard is very easy to customize for example. It’s also very easy to download stuff. Android also has things called widgets that you can put on your home screen to get a quick view of the weather or your WhatsApp messages. On newer versions of Android it’s very easy to multitask you can open a lot of different apps at the same time and also work with them at the same time. So overall Android is a system with much customizability and freedom.

But that also makes it a bit more difficult to get used to it and learn. When it comes to design Samsung sets their brand apart from others by their rounded off edge as discussed earlier. While apple has some extra’s like a button on the side to mute all your messages. The cameras are more or less the same since they both have a 12 megapixel camera that can record in 4k video and have the same range of zooming in and out.

The speeds are on both phones very good but the IPhone is just a little bit faster. When we look at the price the S9 is a bit cheaper since it costs around 700 euros with 256GB and the IPhone x around 1000 euros with 256 GB. This comparison is about numbers and they tell a lot but not anything, opinions are maybe twice as powerful so if we look at what people have to say about both of the phones then we can conclude that it’s just personal preference for everyone.

In conclusion, when you want the best screen possible with rounded off edges, Android, a long battery life, be able to download music and video’s easily, a lot of customizability and want to spend at least money as possible, then you have to choose for Samsung. But when you want a phone that is a bit more easy to use and learn, video call anyone very easily, and make sure you have the fastest phone, then Apple is the better choice. So at the end of the day it all comes down to your preference. We personally think that Samsung is better. So there isn’t really an answer to the question: which one is better?

In the front facing camera (the camera were you take selfies with) is a little bit of difference the S9 uses a 8 megapixel front facing camera while the IPhone X uses a 7 megapixel front facing camera but with the Iphone you do get a Animoji function wich basically makes a emoji do what you do with your face. In terms of battery life the S9 has a big advantage over the Iphone x since Samsung uses a 3500 mAH and Apple uses a 2700 mAh battery.

Test results show that the S9 lasts for 7 hours and 22 minutes and the Iphone x lasts 4 hours and 45 minutes these results are from multiple tests and both phones being used at full power without any power saving apps turned on.

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ELEVENTH ISSUE

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Wizarding World of Harry Potter

By LiNa, V2at

This article is about The Wizarding World of Harry Potter. I'm going to be telling you some stuff about the characters and J.K. Rowling herself. I'm also going to tell you what the series is about and what my opinion on it is.

The Wizarding world of Harry Potter Harry Potter was as far as he knew a normal boy until at the age of eleven his house was filled with letters. better said, invitations to Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. However, his atrocious uncle Vernon wanted nothing to do with this so-called nonsense. When after a lot of hassling Harry finally was on his way to Hogwarts he met his Best friend Ron Weasley, and at Hogwarts he also got to know Hermione Granger.

The brightest wizard of her age. Just as Ron Weasley, Harry became friends with Hermione as well.

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But, it wasn't all nice and lovely. Harry finds out about He Who Must Not Be Named. Lord Voldemort is the most powerful dark wizard of all times. And at the end of Harry's school year he is forced to Fight him.

In Harry’s second year he once again fights Lord Voldemort, but this time in a room called: The Chamber of secrets. Harry doesn’t fight the current Lord Voldemort though. He fights a younger, better-looking version of him when he was still called Tom Marvolo Riddle. (Notice that Lord Voldemort is spelled out of the letters from his former name!)

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In Harry’s third year he finds out about his godfather Sirius black after him being wrongly accused of a crime he didn't commit Harry and Hermione take the task of freeing him upon themselves.

Harry’s fourth year is about the Goblet of fire. The three Magical schools: Hogwarts, Beauxbatons and Durmstrang compete in a tournament. By ‘'accident’' Harry is chosen and competes as well.

In the end Lord Voldemort returns and Harry once again Fights.

The big seven

After that you have The Order of the Phoenix, The Halfbloodprince and lastly The Deathly Hallows.

There Harry and Voldemort have a fight till death.

Daniel Radcliffe: Daniel plays the role of Harry potter in the series. You may know him from different movies like Horns, Jungle , The woman in black and more. When finishing the series he said that it felt like he got 18 and finally got to fly out og the so-called nest. After all this time he still acts and loves it.

J.K. Rowling

Rupert Grint: Rupert Grint you may know as Ron

Weasley in the movies. Ron Weasley is Harry’s best friend. He is very loyal and true to his friend Harry.

As he gets older he falls in love with Hermione, the character played by Emma Watson. After the movies Rupert Grint however went into depression. Eventually he got over it and started playing in theatres. There he refound his love for acting. He continues to act in theatres.

Emma Watson: Emma Watson plays the role of

Joanne Kathleen Rowling, the creator of this beautiful, magical world. If you are a diehard fan you’ll probably already know that J.K. Rowling’s name is actually Joanne Kathleen Rowling. Fans may call her Jo as well. Jo did not only write the incredible books, but she directed the film series as well, at first she was involved a lot, but she eventually put her trust in the crew and let them do their thing which worked out really well seeing the Harry Potter fandom! When you ask J.K Rowling what the series mean to her she’ll say that she knew a lot already before she had even written a next book or even started the series.

Did you know Dumbledore is gay? She did! Way before Joanne started going in depth about the character. You may also know that she has a group of characters called ‘'the big 7.’' Those include: Daniel Radcliffe, Rupert Grint, Emma Watson, Matthew Lewis, Evanna Lynch, Bonnie Wright and Tom Felton.

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Hermione Granger in the Harry Potter sequel. As with Ron Weasley, Hermione Granger meets Harry in the First movie. Later on they become friends. the reason: when Hermione lied to protect Harry And Ron for something she did. Hermione is seen as the brightest wizard of her age since at her age she could do many things other couldn’t because of her knowledge and love for reading books. When looking at Emma you notice a lot of the characteristics Hermione return in Emma. As Emma is really smart as well and campaigns for the company ‘He for she.’ It’s a company that stands for feminism and equal rights. Emma also fiercely believes in gender equality, that stands for men and women.

Matthew Lewis: Neville Longbottom played by

Matthew Lewis is the sort of so called ‘loser’ and also hated by his potions teacher, Snape. However Neville grows to be a great man and could actually have been 'the harry potter’ himself as he was born on the same day as Harry. That ties in with a prophecy seen in the Order of the phoenix. When after the movies Matthew Lewis went into puberty.

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He became a good-looking man compared to his kid version, you are able see him in other movies such as Me before you. A film he played in very well. You may also see Matthew come by in ‘Some kind of life.’

Evanna Lynch: Evanna plays Luna Lovegood in

the sequel. A ravenclaw but also a friend of Harry's.

She played a role in the order of the phoenix as member of Dumbledore’s army and her father would later help betray Harry, Ron and Hermione.

Evanna Lynch however has a podcast about being vegan together with a former actor in the series as well. Robbie Jarvis who played the young James Potter, Harry's father.

Bonnie wright: Bonnie Wright playing Ginny in the Harry Potter sequel still acts and models. She already won a prize for most edgy look and participated in catwalks as well. She also produces and has her own company called Bon Bon Lumiere. As Ginny, Bonnie Wright was Harry Potter's love and the sister of Ron. She had bright red hair and had some adventures including almost getting killed and also fighting in the DA. Tom Felton: (one of my favourite characters) Tom

Felton played Harry's nemesis as he was not only in Slytherin but also a bully to Harry. It all came out of jealousy and the bad raising of his parents.

Lucius and Narcissa Malfoy. Draco is a daddy's boy and therefore his most known phrase is: My father will hear about this! But that isn't his only one some more are: Scared Potter?! Or, Training for the ballet Potter?! In the 6th movie we find out what is really going on with Draco. There he is Forced to become a death eater, thereby following Lord Voldemort and beginning to walk the dark path. You'll see him plotting a plan during the whole movie and eventually reaching his goal. Tom Felton is sort of the exact opposite of Draco though.

What did I think of the series?

I think the sequel is very well made and it's not like other series where the first movie is the best and the rest gets less exiting. It builds up tension and over the years developed into a much more complex series since it is about a teenager growing up as well. After the first film Jo started realizing she was drawing more crowd than expected and not only kids. More and more adults started looking as well, in that way the series developed as well. But about the characters: I think the actors did very well and when watching you sink into the movie are compassionate. I think that is what drew a lot of people in as well.

But whether you like it is a matter of: Go watch it!

You may just as well fall in love with the sequel and become one of many potter heads including me!

He is very happy and loves singing on his Instagram page. He still acts and is now seen in the series called ‘Origin.’ There he plays a passenger on a ship that is nowhere near its end location.

Personally, I don't really like the series because it is a bit vague but for you to know you have to watch yourself. Tom is very kind and loving, in that way he is completely different from Malfoy.

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Lives of famous people

By Chloë, B2at

I think famous people have a polished life. With that I mean that they have extra luxurious stuff like chefs or they can always go out to eat. I also think their lives are not that easy as it looks like because they get recognized everywhere. I do want to be famous because you can make a living out of it most of the time. And I’m a really lazy person so I do want people to cook for me (except for my mom lol). and I want to be recognized but not everywhere like Kim Kardashian, because that sounds and looks annoying.

Everybody has their image of a perfect life. And they say that famous people have the lives that everybody wants. But is that true? In this article we’re going to talk about the lives of famous people. So we’re going to see if we still want to live the lives that the famous people go through. I’m going to interview a few people about how they think famous people live.

How my classmates/teachers think celebs live. The first person I interviewed had a real strong opinion. Evi has a real strong opinion about it. She thinks it is really cool but hard because there are a lot of negatives. She does not want to be famous but she wants to be known and make a lot of money without being noticed on the street.

My English teacher mr. van Roekel thinks that it is really sad and difficult and he definitely does not want to be famous because he really likes the everyday life. And we all know he already is famous on SMC. Mimi thinks it is hard because you get judged all the time, and that you have people that look up to you and that you can’t make mistakes. She also said that she want to be known but just can go out with friends without getting noticed. She thinks it is really annoying because everyone is looking to every little mistake you make.

Remco thinks that the famous people just live like normal people but just with some extra stuff. He only wants to be famous if he can make money with it and otherwise only a little bit famous.

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A lot of people do live like they are the queen of England but there are really rich celebrities who live like normal people. Tyra Banks is a host, model and business girl. But she just lives the normal live because she learnt a lot of her mother. Who told her that you need to make money last as long as possible, that means that u have to be careful with it and not just spend it. That is why Tyra banks lives the normal life, in a normal house, with a normal kitchen. She even asks to her accountant if she can buy something. Even though she is worth 90million dollars!!!

The famous actress Kristen Bell from the movie Frozen lives a normal live. She is married with Dax Sheppard and she has two kids with him. She didn’t have a big wedding because the price was only 142 dollars altogether!! Even though she does not spend all her money she uses the fact that she is famous a lot. She just likes her normal habits with her husband Dax and she doesn’t let anyone change that!

Well now we see that not everyone that is famous uses their money to live the best life that they can get because they have their habits or just want their kids to have a normal life.

I also was wrong about the thoughts of people because they also thought that it would be hard for celebs to live. I thought a lot of people would think that they had the perfect life but I was horribly wrong. They see that their lives are hard and I think that that is a good thing because a lot of people judge celebs.

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Biggest Dutch collab?

By Danté, V2AT

Armoo on the other hand lived a much easier life.

Robin Arayan, born on the 26th of August 1996 in Almere began gaining fame in 2015 with vlogging.

He and a group of friends like Snapking and Famke Louise, famous now, started making prank videos, in a few months’ time they were exposed for making faking those pranks. None of them were taking seriously anymore by the YouTube scene or anyone else.

Dutch rapper and ex-YouTuber Armoo did it, don’t ask how, but he succeeded. He made a song called Bozoo, together with America’s current biggest rapper called 6ix9ine.

Daniel Hernandez, known proffesionally as 6ix9ine or Tekashi69 was born on the 8th of May in Brooklyn, New York City. Both of his parents originate from a different country, his mom from Mexico and his dad from Puerto Rico. Until his 13th he was raised together with his older brother, when his dad was shot dead he stepped away from the family home. In the 8th grade he was expelled from school for bad behaviour. Instead of continuing his education, he started working as a busboy to support his mom financially. Eventually, he was arrested for selling drugs like cannabis and heroin on the streets while working at a local grocery store. While in prison, he began to associate himself with the Nine Trey Gangsters.

In the summer of 2016 Armoo first started with producing music and launching a few tracks like ‘’Louis Vuitton’’ and ‘’Laden’’. In 2017 he even launched a whole album, featuring rappers like Lijpe and SFB. Bozoo turned out to be a failure, even though it had a huge amount of views the reactions on it were negative. This had nothing to with 6ix9ine, but with Armoo. His lines were okay, but his pronunciation was awful. Seeing this feature cost Armoo around 50,000 $. Most rappers respected him for being able to make a track together with 6ix9ine, but also they laughed at him. If his lines would’ve been in Dutch it would have got way more positivity from the viewers.

A new trend had started a little while after the song was launched, Dutch viewers and even celebrities acted as if Armoo was German instead of Dutch.

Famke Louise, Qucee and other YouTubers participated in this. In the end Armoo didn’t gain anything with this, no money profit and no single positive reaction. It has become even worse now.

Hernandez began releasing rap songs in 2014.

Over the next three years he released multiple tracks and videos, such as ''Scumlife'' and ''Hellsing station'' drawing attention with his aggressive rapping style.

Most of his early songs were released by a music label in Slovakia. He gathered fame on the internet for his rainbow-dyed hair and rainbow-plated grills. His first music video with quite a lot of views on YouTube was called ''Poles1469'' released in April 2017.

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ELEVENTH ISSUE

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Farewell Interview headmaster Thönissen

By Veerle & Shahd, V2AT

If you hadn’t become a rector, which job would you have chosen? I can’t choose, I have been working in a high school for many years.

First as a teacher and later as a member of the schoolboard.

Can you describe yourself in one word? Every person has so many facets that it isn’t possible in my view to describe someone with one word.

What can I wake you up for? An Italian meal with lots of different dishes.

We had an interview with headmaster Thönissen. This will probably be his last interview for the St Martin’s Courier. After this school year he retires.

What is your first name and how young are you if I may ask? My name is Paul and I am 63 years old.

Where were you born and raised? I was born in Roermond, raised in Echt and after that I went to Utrecht.

Do you have children and if so, did they go to Sintermeerten? I have two children and they both went to Eijkenhagen.

What did you want to be when you were still at school? First I wanted to become a history teacher and after that I wanted to become a German teacher.

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What kind of food do you really like and what kind of food do you really hate? I don’t like chicory and I really like is crispy fried sweetbread.

What is one of your biggest blunders here at school, that you can remember? I wouldn’t know right now, but other people probably know that much better.

What is one of your biggest dreams? Dreams are not real.

What is your favorite country? Next to the Netherlands it is Germany.

What are you going to do after you stop as headmaster of Sintermeerten? For the next two years I will continue to work for the foundation which Sintermeerten belongs to.

After that I don’t know yet.

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What are your hobbies? I don’t have a specific hobby, but I like to read.

What do you do in your free time with your friends? In your language: chilling while having a drink.

Do you see your job as a hobby or is your job something outside of your social life? My job and life run into each other.

What are your intentions for 2019? Transfer my work as rector well to my successor.

What level did you do in high school? I did gymnasium on high school.

Where did you go to school? I went to the College in Sittard, a precursor of Trevianum.

Do you prefer to go to the theater or the cinema? The theater.

What kind of students do you want at your school? Students who actually want to use the talents and skills they have.

Do you have pets? No, I don’t have pets.

What is your most beautiful memory at Sintermeertencollege? The annual graduation ceremonies.

How long have you been working on Sintermeertencollege? Since 1 January 2011.

Have you worked your whole school career at Sintermeertencollege? No, first I worked 23 years on a school in Maarssen and between 2002 and 2011 I worked at Eijkhagen in Landgraaf.

Was your function at Sintermeertencollege always a headmaster? Yes.

Who is your favorite teacher? Someone who can communicate well with his colleagues and thinks of the future of Sintermeerten.

What should a teacher be able to do to get a job at Sintermeertencollege? Be good at his course and someone who can communicate with his/her students.

What did you have to do to get this job?

Apply for the vacancy.

Why are you going to stop at Sintermeerten?

Because of my age.

Who will be your successor? We still don’t know, we are going to search for that person after the break.

What do you still want to achieve this year?

Mavo tto.

When are you stopping officially?

Officially in 2022.

What is the first school you have worked at?

Lyceum in Sassenheim.

What do you have to do as headmaster?

A lot of meetings with headmasters of other schools, brainstorming about the future of the school, find good colleagues etc.

What do you do when you are at school?

Check, answer and sent mails, Meetings, all kind of conversations, make notes and study them, and thinking about the future of the school.

This was the interview with head master Thönissen. Thanks to headmaster Thönissen for his time and effort.

Did you teach? If so what course? Yes, I've taught German.

Do you know most of the students? No I don’t.

What is your worst memory at Sintermeertencollege? Bad communication.

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ELEVENTH ISSUE

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Class Cancellation

By Shannon b2at

meaning teachers have to push harder and work faster through the materials. This often causes some students to fall behind and makes it almost impossible for them to catch up, meaning there scores go down, they become less motivated, however I also believe that teachers are impacted, it’s their objective to get us through the material within a certain amount of weeks, when you have missed classes, it puts pressure on them to get us through the material, it’s a snowball effect.

We are all aware that class cancellation exists, but are you all aware of the impact that it has on us as students and our teachers.

During my 1st year of school, I understood that the faculty would try to make sure the 1st years would not be impacted by class cancellations and certainly not be left in the school hall on their own.

I think during one point of the year I asked someone how many hours my class had missed so far, this roughly between 60-70hrs, there were still a few months of the year left.

My own experience with class cancellation left me often feeling frustrated and like I was falling behind in class, one example I know impacted me a lot was that our schedule for classes was made and we were supposed to have maths on a Friday but our math teacher did not work at our school on Fridays. This left us missing quiet few maths lessons the first semester, for student like myself who struggles with maths left me trailing behind.

Missing classes and often without a substitute teacher being available, we did often end up in the school hall for some lessons. I don’t blame the school faculty for this, this takes place throughout schools over the whole country, there is shortage of teachers and definitely more than shortage of substitute teachers.

The impact this has is bigger than most people think, when you are missing classes, the weeks go by and you still have to complete so much of the workbook, before exam week, E

I needed to understand why this was happening and if there is anything we could do to help prevent or improve this to prevent students from missing lessons which are important. I spoke with both students about this topic and our department head.

From a student’s perspective class cancellation can be at first very fun and relaxing when sent to the assembly however a lot of them find it rather stressful when they have a substitute. There are many reasons for this however I found out that most students feel this way because when the teacher tells the substitutes to give the students work it often occurs that some students don’t understand an exercise and the substitutes don’t know how to explain it. While this isn’t very handy we do have to accept and realise that this is not part of their jobs however we could prevent this if some teacher wrote a more in depth description of what they want us to do or add the numbers of pages they think might be helpful to us. Another solution is to allow us to work together, so we can explain things to each other and help each other with the work the only problem with this is that the substitute has to be able to trust that the students will behave and preferably keep their volume to a minimum.

It would be nice to see the students and the faculty work together to prevent this from happening in the future and preventing the students who have to go through so many hours of class cancellation a month from becoming demotivated.

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Sintermeerten Mural

By Opi, V2at

The idea of the Mural Since I didn’t find and didn’t know a lot about the mural i’ve hold a short interview with the person who is the brain behind this project and the director of the school Dhr. Thönissen.

Maybe you noticed already, Sintermeerten is getting a mural! The Mural is going to be against a huge wall at the Valkenburgerweg.

Street Art Artist James Jetlag got the order to design the creative art piece, he got main instructions from Dhr.Thönissen, who states that he wants to express is the identity behind this school in a symbolistic way, and of course that includes the rings of the ‘Sintermeerten college’ logo in the design. Furthermore, the artist got the space to design his own stuff and ideas around the main design and make it a cultural mural.

James Jetlag Art projects James Jetlag Art projects is a creative company, formed around visual artist and muralist James Jetlag. The James Jetlag team produces beautiful, wall paintings for the attractive and complete interior and exterior design. With 24 years of experience in the field of graffiti and murals, the realization of all personal wishes and ideas is in good hands and every project is taken care of down to the last detail to give it a beautiful vibe. Around Heerlen you see a lot of street art and the company James Jetlag Art projects took also a big part in this. They made a lot of murals in Heerlen already. For example, the paintings of the miners with the quote ‘witste nog koempel’ or the famous upside-down skater.

The murals are spread around whole Heerlen and it gives a beautiful street art vibe which also is the reason a lot of people and tourist takes pictures with the murals on the background.

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How did you come up with the idea of the Mural?

Murals belong to the streets of Heerlen, our school is located on a main road from Heerlen, a beautiful place for a mural. On that wall was the logo, but you could still see the contours of the old logo, which was not pretty so I decided it could use a touch-up Is there a special reason that you have the Mural placed? I would like to use artistic mural to show passers-by and drivers what the school is doing.

Does the Mural have any special meaning or symbols that we should look forward to? The rings of the logo can be seen, the rings are above each other, symbolize the growth process of pupils. The maker has tried to make clear how our school contributes to the growth of the pupils.

How long did the project last? About 5 months In which part did you participate? I have provided the author with a number of documents about our school, which describes who we want to be, what we stand for. In addition, I have a few conversations with him about this. The maker has translated the information in his brain into images that can be seen painted on the wall.

Student Opinions I´ve also asked some students what they thought about the mural, I’ve explained what the idea behind the mural is since I noticed a lot of students didn’t know what to think about it because they saw or heard about the mural but didn’t know what it was or where it stands for. In general they thought it was a good idea. I hope after reading this article it became a bit clear what the mural is and where it stands for.

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Formula 1 2018 & 2019

By Camiel, V2at

Gp Abu Dhabi

The formula 1 season has ended. What is going to happen this year and what happened last year?

Here the last 3 Grand prix: Gp Mexico On Sunday 28 October was the Grand Prix from Mexico. Max Verstappen won, Sebastian Vettel became second and Kimi Räikkönen become third.

Lewis Hamilton became 4, but this was enough to become for the 5 time world champion. For the team-mate from Max, Daniel Ricciardo, the grapes were very sour when he went out ten rounds before the end with a defective Renault engine.

The Australian was second at that time.

Gp Brazil At 11 November the Grand Prix from Brazil was hold. Lewis Hamilton won, and Mercedes won the constructors title for the 6th time in a row. Max Verstappen become second and Kimi Räikkönen become third. Max Verstappen was not happy after the Grand Prix, in lap 43 Ocon made a pit stop and came 1 lap behind Vertsappen. He thought he was faster and tried to unlap. Ocon tries to unlap Verstappen and gives a beech in the Senna S .

"What an idiot!" Verstappen curses in his car. This was costing Verstappen his win. Verstappen was really mad. After the race there was an incident between Verstappen and Ocon, Verstappen pushed Ocon 4 times. Therefor the 2 had to come after the race to the FIA. Max Verstappen got a community service for 2 days by the FIA. Ocon got in the race a 10 second drive through penalty.

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At 25 November the last Grand Prix from the season was held. The Grand Prix from Abu Dhabi was nice Grand prix to look to. In the begin of the race there was a huge crash from Nico Hulkenberg.

The halo has protected him from injuries. Lewis Hamilton pitted in the virtual safety car period, nobody followed him but it was the best strategy because he won. Vettel drove the second place.

Max Verstappen did not have a good start because of he’s problems with the engine. But the problem was rectified and he drove to a third place. This Grand Prix was the last race for double championship winner: Fernando Alonso.

Alonso driving donuts after his last Grand Prix.

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What about 2019?

Out the F1

What is going to change?

1. In 2019, the front and rear wings are being reformed to reduce aerodynamic turbulence.

This would ensure that more can be overtaken, but also that the cars will be a tad slower than the last season.

2. This season the drivers will ride with three types of tires; hard, medium and soft, which will be colored white, yellow and red respectively. The compounds that will be used differ per race. The hardest compound is presented as 'hard', the softest as 'soft'. This is done to make the tire strategies easier to understand for the viewers.

3. After having raced with Renault engines for twelve seasons, Red Bull Racing switches to Honda engines 4. Force India, which already participated in the second half of 2018 under the name "Racing Point Force India", will change the name to Racing Point in 2019.

• •

Driver changes: • • • • • • • •

Pierre Gasly: Toro Rosso → Red Bull Daniil Kvjat: Ferrari (development driver) → Toro Rosso Charles Leclerc: Sauber → Ferrari Kimi Räikkönen: Ferrari → Sauber Daniel Ricciardo: Red Bull → Renault Carlos Sainz jr.: Renault → McLaren Lance Stroll: Williams -> Racing point Esteban Ocon: Force India -> Mercedes (reserve driver)

• • •

Fernando Alonso: McLaren → ?

Marcus Ericsson: Sauber → Indycar (Schmidt Peterson Motorsports) Sergej Sirotkin: Williams → ?

Stoffel Vandoorne: McLaren → Formule E (HWA Racelab) Brandon Hartley: Torro Rosso -> ?

Some facts about F1: 1. The shortest race ever was that of Australia 1991 and it lasted only 24 minutes while the longest of 1953 with 3h45 minutes during the Grand Prix of Germany.

2. The most number of retirements is 21 and least 0.

3. Michael Schumacher managed to make no less than 15 triples. A triple are three consecutive victories. The German driver also managed to win the highest number of victories per season. That is already 13 from the 2004 season.

4. he smallest starting field ever consists of 6 racecars 5. The oldest of the champions is Manuel Fangio who managed to win the title at the age of 46 My Opinion about F1 in 2019

Back/new in the F1 • • • • •

Antonio Giovinazzi: Ferrari (reserve driver) → Sauber Robert Kubica: Williams (reserve driver) → Williams Lando Norris: Formule 2 (Carlin) → McLaren George Russell: Formule 2 (ART Grand Prix) → Williams Alexander Albon: Formula 2 (DAMS) -> Torro Rosso

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I hope it will be more spectacular this year. So that more teams can fight for the championship, and that there will be more overtaking’s. But I think all these things will become better because of the reforming of the front wings, and that Red Bull will be driving with the Honda engine. So, I think Renault is getting the old engine from Red Bull, so that they also can fight more… We will see!

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Tech used in Sports

By Sem, B2AT

The switches: There are two switches at the back of the steering wheel for easy access: the switches put the gears in another access to go faster, because if you have your gear in one you cannot go and ride 100 KMH.

In this article I am going to write about tech that is used in cycling and in formula 1. First: where I am going to write about. Second: I am going to write about the tech that is used in cycling bike and in the formula 1 car wheel. Third: I am going to write about the tech used in the pit stops (and yes there is also kind of a pit stop in cycling). Last: the conclusion.

In the formula 1 cars there is a lot of tech, I am only going to talk about the steering wheel. And in the cycling bikes there is not much tech but there is some so there I am going to talk about everything.

The cycling bike: in the cycling bikes there is used very difficult tech the only thing I and also you will understand are the electric switches, in the higher price range of bikes but it also is better quality bikes. It works like this, in a normal switch you manually have to push so for before you here a click then the switch works, with the electric switch you just have to tap on a place and already then, the switch works. So electric switches are a lot easier but also expensive.

Formula1 steering wheel: The steering wheel is a complex piece of tech with a lot of buttons, switches and sensors. There are in total 9 buttons, 2 switches, 2 sensors you can see but hundreds of sensors you cannot see and one screen. The buttons: Drink – Each F1 car is equipped with a tank filled with water, or whatever the driver drinks, which is connected through a tube to the driver’s helmet. Pressing this button allows him to drink during the F1 race. DRS: The Drag Reduction System opens the back wing, giving it an effect to the overtake. Drivers cannot access DRS in the first two laps of a race and must be within one second of the car in front. These where not all the buttons but I couldn’t mention all of them.

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The sensors: The two sensors are at the side of the screen: one for the easy access for the selfie camera (don’t ask me why they need a selfie camera because I couldn’t find it on the internet). There are also cameras on the side and top of the F1 car for the TV shows and they can see then when there is fire or something. But that isn’t what the second sensor is for, the second sensor is for adjusting the screen view.

The screen: The screen is at the centre of the steering wheel: on the screen you can see the view of the cameras on the sides and the top, but you also can see if there is something wrong with the car, for example if there is an empty tire.

The pit stops: the pit stops in formula 1 we all have seen on time; the car comes in someone stop the car, the car is lift, eight people change the tires with drills that can screw 8 bolts per time and if there is something wrong with the car for example one spoiler is broken, they have drills where they can screw all the bolts in one time to put one another spoiler in less than a pair of 5 seconds.

The pit stops of cycling is less complicated, if the cyclers have something wrong with their bike, they just have a whole branch of bikes on the top of the team car, they take one of and give it to the cycler...but there is coming a lot of more tech in place; the cars have a lot of tech in it for example the mechanics for the cycling bikes on the top for coming of easily and fast, and the stands where the extra bikes are on is tech what you and me never are going to understand.

Conclusion: there is a LOT of tech used in all the kinds of things in formula 1 and cycling, I couldn’t mention all the tech in the formula 1 part, but I hope it’s enough.

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‘’De Klassieker’’

By Nils Vaessen, V2AT

Good players from the youth of Ajax are Mathijs de Ligt, Frenkie de jong, Mazraoui, Donny van de Beek, Kaj sjierhuis, Carel Eiting and Nouri..

When you say ‘de Klassieker’ everyone knows that you are talking about Ajax against Feyenoord. You can compare it with el clasico in Spain and d’ítalia in Italy. The first “Klassieker” was in 1921.

The match was called `De Klassieker` because at the beginning ajax and Feyenoord were at the top of the division. The highest amount of people in the stadium was at 9 January in 1966, there were 65,562 fans. That’s because in `De Klassieker` is scored many times. There were only two times that the game ended in 0-0. Ajax won `De Klassieker` 81 times.

Since 1970 there were many riots between the two clubs. Not only by the players but also with the fans. The most famous riot was on 23th of March 1997, when a ajax hooligan called Carlo Picornie died as a result. Mostly is a riot made by the players from the other club, but in 2004 players from Feyenoord were attacked by Ajax hooligans. Since 2009 there is a rule that the fans of ajax may not come to the stadium of Feyenoord and the fans of Feyenoord may not come to the stadium from Ajax.

Abdelhak Nouri was a player from the youth of ajax. He played very well and scored a goal in his debut in Ajax 1. in 2016 Ajax went on a training camp in Austria. There they played a practise game against a Austrian prof club. In the middle of the game, Nouri stopped playing and layed down at the field. Everyone was shocked when that happened. The ambulance was called and a doctor ran up the field. As a result came out that Nouri had a heart attack. It came also out that the personal doctor knew that Nouri had problems with his heart. That was the most shocking for the people. Until now Nouri is still in the hospital but he is stable. `De Klassieker´ is played 185 times and there were many big wins from both clubs that you don’t expect. Ajax has won much more times with big numbers than Feyenoord.

The games between Ajax and Feyenoord are always surprising because you can see that it’s never the same club who wins. For the supporters is Ajax – Feyenoord the most important game of the season. They want to defeat their rival and the supporters want that also. The training before the big game, the supporters from both clubs go to the training field of their club to wish the players good luck.

I think it is nonsense that the supporters of Ajax and Feyenoord can’t be in the same stadium. If every supporter behaves normal and there is good security, the supporters can just be in the same stadium and look to one of the nicest games in Dutch football.

At this moment Ajax is doing much better than Feyenoord. Ajax is 2th and Feyenoord 3th with 8 points difference. Ajax has also better players and more attention from big clubs like Barcelona and Manchester United. Because Ajax has a very good youth they also have good players in their own club.

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El Clásico in Spain & the UK

By Cem & Jim, V2AT

When the president of Barcelona went to Bernabéu, the president of Madrid, to ask about his opinion about the behaviour of the Madrid fans, the only thing he said was some mean things like ‘’Catalonia is magnificent, it’s just unfortunately that the Catalans live there’’ and ‘’Xavier Bosch is a nice men’’ ( Xavier Bosch was a member of Franco’s secret shift and he had several murders on his name, under which the death of Barcelona’s old president Josep Sunyol ).

Hello, we are Cem and Jim and we are going to talk about El Clásico. El Clásico is one of the biggest games in the world. In El Clásico Barcelona and Real Madrid play against eachother, 2 times in the season. One of the games is played in Santiago Bernabéu, the home base of Real Madrid. The other one is played in Camp Nou, that’s ofcourse the home base of Barcelona.

In this article we are taking a look inside of El Clásico.

The history of El Clásico.

El Clásico has a huge history. On the 13th of May in 1902. Barcelona won that game with 3-1. Most of the games who are called .. are because the clubs are from the same city or zone. With Barcelona and Real Madrid this is different. Barcelona is the capital of Catalonia, which many of the people who live in Spain do not feel a bond with. Madrid is the capital of Spain and the Madrid fans see Catalonia as a part of Spain. For years the Catalan culture and identity was suppressed with the singing of the Madrid fans, the Madrilenians. It looked like the referee wanted Madrid to win so they gave the benefit to Madrid. The supporters of Barcelona answered with the singing of ‘’Así, así, así gana el Madrid’’ which means: ‘’So, so, so wins Madrid.’’ But actually, the chairman of Real Madrid made it worse. In July 1968 they played against eachother in the final of the Copa del Generalísimo. Barcelona won that game with 0-1, and after that the Real Madrid ultras responded by throwing glass bottles to the Barcelona players.

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The fastest goal in El Clásico The fastest goal ever in El Clásico was made by Karim Benzema for Real Madrid. In Santiago Bernabéu, the home base of Real Madrid. He scored the 1-0 after exactly 21 seconds. After that FC Barcelona still managed to win that game with 1-3.

Inside El Clásico Since February 1929, the statistics of El Clásico had been held by. The last edition of El Clásico was on the 28th of October, when Barcelona managed to win with 5-1 in her own Camp Nou. Since February Real Madrid and Barcelona have played 177 matches against each other. Madrid has won it 72, 1 more time than FC Barcelona, who has won it 71 times. That means that it has been a draw for 34 times. But, Barcelona has scored 1 more goal then Real Madrid, 287 goals and Real Madrid has scored 286 goals. At its homebase Camp Nou, Barcelona has won 50 games. They lost 20 and there wasn’t a winner in 19 of the games.

Biggest wins in El Clásico The biggest win ever in El Clásico was at the 19th of June in the year 1943. It wasn’t a match for LaLiga (the competition in Spain), it was for the Copa del Rey, and you can compare the Copa del Rey with what we call in the Netherlands the KNVB Beker. In this match, Real Madrid managed to win with 11-1. The biggest win after that was in the year 1935 on 3 February. In LaLiga Real Madrid beat Barcelona again, but now with 8-2. There are several matches with a difference of 5 goals or more. To be exact: in 10 matches here was a difference of 5 goals. 7 times Barcelona won.

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1 time with 7-2, 1 time with 6-1 and the other 5 times they won with a difference of 5-0. Madrid won 3 times with a difference of 5 goals; 2 times with 5-0 and one time with 6-1. Remarkable is that all of these wins were at home, except for the one at 17 February in the year 1974. Barcelona won with 0-5 at Santiago BernabĂŠu. All of the other big wins were for the home playing club.

The El Clasico of London

Fans the fans of the Spurs and Arsenal are both very fanatical. According to a report in 2002 Arsenal had 7.7% of their fans calling themselves non-white British, they were the highest in the league at that time. Both clubs have a lot of fans spread out over the UK and the rest of the world. The Arsenal fans call themselves Gooners a term that is a reworking of the clubs Gunners nickname witch is a reference to Arsenals origins as a munitions factory team.

The Spurs fans call themselves yid and yiddo and they turner a perojative into a term of belonging and pride. The Words yid and yiddo now mean Spurs fan when used in content or E English football We are supporting Tottenham Hotspur because one of our favorite football players is in it: Harry Kane, and the club has a nice history.

The history of the North London derby The first meeting between the two teams was on 19 November 1887. In this time was known as Royal Arsenal and Tottenham Hotspur as Tottenham Marshes. The game was ended 15 minutes before the official end because it was getting to dark, the Spurs where leading with 2-1. The following February a next match was held and they finished it, the Spurs had only 9 players left on the field and they lost with 6-2.the first league match they played against each other was on 4 December 1909, Arsenal won with 1-0. Since 1950 there has only been one season that of 1977-88 where the Spurs and Arsenal not have been I the same division. As of 19 December 2018, 184 games where played between the two teams since 1909, with 77 wins for Arsenal, 58 wins for Tottenham and 49 games drawn. Including games before the league 197 games where played, with 82 wins for Arsenal, 64 wins for Tottenham and 51 draws. The stadium of Arsenal is called Emirates Stadium and from Tottenham Tottenham Hotspur stadium.

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Games in 2019

By Jesper and Brent,V2AT

PlayStation Classic

In this article we will be writing about the biggest / best known games that will be released and more information that has to do with games in 2019. A lot of the games are only shown on e3 2018 and internet and there is not much information about them so, this will be a lot of short stories.

Days gone (26/04/2019) In Days gone you play as Deacon St. John a wanderer and a bounty hunter in a world taken over by monsters. He tries to survive. He avoids the save camps set up for the survivors and goes into the wild to kill the zombies and to survive on his own. The game is set in a lot of different environments from mountains to forests and from snow mountains to Vulcanic fields. The game is made by the Sie band studios and will only be available on ps4.

The Division 2 (15/03/2019)

The division is an action, survival and roleplay game which you can play on PS4, pc and xbox. The producer is Ubisoft. The game is a shooter RPG with campaign, co-op, and PvP modes. In the game you try to save Washington from enemies.

The game is mostly about player progress and each personage will be fully customable and there will be 4 classes you can choose from; each class has its own weapons and specialist weapons.

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Sony announced that they are remaking the Playstation classic. The Playstation Classic was the first playstation ever to come out back when playstation was a small company. The playstation came out in 1994 and people were starting to love it. But after a couple of years when the Playstation 2 came out nobody could play the new games on the Playstation Classic because all the new games were for the Playstation 2 only. So when people couldn’t use the Playstation Classic anymore, they started to get upset. So Playstation decided to bring the Classic on the market again. The PlayStation Classic will come out with 25 old games and 2 replica controllers. But they made some changes to it E.G: The remake is 45% smaller and has an HDMI input. This Playstation will cost between 100 and 150 euros and you can already pre-order it on the official Playstation website.

Black Ops 4

The maker of Call Of Duty Black Ops 4 is a company called Activision games, this company Made several other popular games like: Infinity Warfare, WW2 and Destiny. Call Of Duty Black Ops 4 is a game with three different modes included: Blackout: this is a battle royale mode with 100 players in it. When you play it you start in a helicopter and it flies you around the map. You can choose when you want to jump out and then fly to places like Constructions site, Nuketown Island, Aylum or Lighthouse. Another mode is Multiplayer: This is the most used mode in Call of Duty. You can do things like: Gun Game this is when every time you eliminate someone you upgrade your gun you also have team death match here you have 2 teams of 7 people and the 1st one to reach the goal wins the game.

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Another popular mode in multiplayer is on in the chamber: every time you eliminate someone you get an extra bullet to use. The last mode is Zombies: here you have a few different maps and the goal is to survive as long as possible but if you know the map out of your head then you can complete it to wave 152. And in February 2019 an exclusive version will come out of Call Of Duty Black Ops 4.

The first Black Ops game came out on the 29th of November in 2003 and within 12 years they made 2 other Black ops games with each a different theme.

Red dead redemption 2

Red dead redemption is the newest game released

by Rockstar games. Red Dead is a PlayStation and Xbox only game. The developers of all the Grand Theft Auto games. Rockstar games worked on the game since 2010 and they used a big studio to make it. They used over 350 voice actors and a huge variety of other sounds to make the game as realistic as possible. Red Dead Redemption 2 broke several records and had the second-biggest launch in history of entertainment, generating $725 million in sales from its opening weekend and shipping over 17 million copies in two weeks. The game is a third person experience in which you follow a plot in which you can make your own choices and create your own story. The game has the biggest preloaded map in open world game history. In the biggest map ever (Minecraft) the map only renders if you get close enough. The game has an advanced combat system for fist fights and your other weapons are a revolver and a sniper or shotgun. Also, they introduced a special mode you can activate in which you can shoot at people in slow-motion. They also introduced an online mode in which you can play in the open world with friends, but you can still follow a storyline. The whole game is in the wild west where they don’t have good technology. You can rob banks, take over horse wagons and become a bounty hunter. Overall it is a great game and the only problem is that you can't play it on PC. E

The history of Battle Royale

Over the past years in gaming, Battle Royale became without a doubt the most popular mode in games but how does it work. Normally you start with 100 people that queud at the same time as you did, but this can be different In every game. After that you are being put in a vehicle that flies over the map. You can choose whenever you want to jump and where you want to land. Once you landed you can collect weapons and healing items, once you collected enough you have to run to the area that is shown otherwise you can’t longer participate for the win. This area will keep shrinking the entire game which means you will have to fight more often. Eventually the last man standing wins the game after this you get kicked out of the game and you can start a new one if you want to. But where did this idea come from?

People think battle royale is based on the Hunger Games. In case you didn’t see the movie I will explain it to you. It’s basically the same: You start with a certain amount of people on a place and the last one to survive wins But the Companies who made the games say that they came up with the idea themselves. H1Z1 was one of the first popular battle royale games. It came out end 2014 and people were starting to love it. After that more gaming companies started to introduce this battle royale to their newest games. One of these games was called PUBG, it became one of the most played games ever. It was the most popular battle royale game between 2016 and 2017 until October 2017. In October 2017 this new game dropped called Fortnite, this game is nowadays still the most popular game played.

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Girl Problems

By Nienke & Nicci,, V2at

In this article we are going to talk about girl problems which every girl can relate to maybe not every day, but we are sure you do one day. We talk about hair, make-up, puberty, nails, what everyone is expecting from you, difference in salary, clothing and the fridge is empty.

Make-up: There quite some struggles with make-

Hair : We're beginning with the biggest problem: frizzy hair. Frizzy hair is a problem almost every girl can relate to. For example, when you have straitened your hair and later you walk outside and it is wet or damp. Your hair becomes immediately frizzy. Or when you need to go but your hair is wet, and you just go outside, it can become very frizzy and that is one of the most annoying things about hair. Than you got the problems with hairbrushes. When there are a lot of knits in your hair it really hurts when you brush your hair. When you brush your hair, hairs will stay in your brush. That is normal but when you have a lot of hair in your hairbrush you need to take them all out because otherwise you can’t brush your hair. A lot of dirt comes in your hairbrush and when you then brush your clean hair and it becomes dirty again. When you need to wash your hair, but your shampoo and conditioner didn’t run out at the same time, so you have two different brands.

up. To start with the problem: ‘'Without make-up you look ugly but when you put some make-up on, they also say its ugly.’' Then a lot of people don’t know that make-up expires. Most make-up products have a sticker on the back with how long you can use the product. The next thing is mascara.

Mascara is one of the best but also the worst things from make-up. The problem with mascara is that it will never sit the way you want it to sit on your eyelashes and when you want it to take it of your eyes you ruin your hole make-up look and because of that you need to do everything again. Or when you go outside without water proof make-up and it's raining your whole day is ruined

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fact it is not. It is very normal, but girls get insecure because of this and that is not good.

Difference in salary: It shouldn’t be the case that a woman in the exact same job as a man get paid less.

But it still happens even since it is forbidden by law. It is seen as discrimination when 2 employers do equal work but one of them get paid less. This means that contract form (fixed or temporary) or the hours that they work according the contract don’t matter. In many countries women earn a lot less than men per hour. The wage gap can vary between the 10% and 40%.

Nails: Nails can be problematic, especially nail polish. Nails can break and that is very annoying because than you need to file your nail and that can take a long time. Than you got nail polish. Nail polish can stain your cuticles and it can dry out your cuticles/hands. After you painted your nails you need to wait for a really REALLY long time till it’s dry. nail polish will not sit the way you want it to sit. When you take of your nail polish you need to use nail polish remover but when you have a small wound on your skin around your nail it will hurt and it sting really bad. Choosing the correct nail polish colour is a hard decision to make.

Having long nails is a dream of a lot of girls but they can’t grow them or the play a sport and they will break, or you play an instrument and it’s hard to play with them long nails for that for example playing guitar, piano etc.

Puberty: One of the problems is early puberty, when it starts very early because of your hormones you feel different and that’s a reason that very young girls in the puberty can feel very lonely and act different than before. Maybe they search for new friends maybe they want to change habits, or they start to isolate themselves. This is not a fun way to start puberty and start your life. One of the biggest problems is menstruation. Only girls have this problem which is so annoying because you can get cramps, headache, you can feel bloated, have food cravings, have mood swings and can be very tired. You must buy stuff for your menstruation and those are very expensive. There are a lot of people talking about that periods are gross but in

What everyone is expecting from you: Many people expect that all girls love pink or that girls love shopping and spend all the money they have on clothes, shoes and make-up. one of the stupidest things is what people expect from girls is when they are a bit cranky that they are on their period. Everyone can be a cranky any moment.

Does anybody say when a boy is cranky that he is on his period? No because that isn’t possible. It

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could also be expected that girls use hours and hours in front of the mirror before they go but that isn’t the case with all the girls. That girls eat less than boys. Especially when girls are already growing, and boys aren’t. But when girls eat more than boys, they are called fat. There are people who expect that a girl/woman can cook, but not every girl/woman can cook. So for all the guys learn how to cook if you want to eat diner.

The fridge is empty: When your home and look in

Clothing: Finding something to wear can sometimes be very hard. It needs to sit nice, you need to feel comfortable in it, it must not be too hot or too warm and then you also need to be in the mood to wear it. Sometimes girls say they don’t have anything to wear but their whole wardrobe is full of clothes. This is because they have one perfect outfit in their minds and don’t want to wear anything else, but of course that clothing piece is in the laundry. When you're buying summer clothes and you finally have your new collection that you want to wear at all time, winter starts, and you need to buy sweater. Girls like wearing sweaters but you don’t have any cute ones or any that will fit you, so you need to buy new sweater. you can think YAY I can shop for new clothes but in the end, you need to have enough clothes that you can wear all winter long and in the begin of spring and in autumn.

the fridge and there is nothing that you want to eat so you walk away. But a few minutes later you come back to see if there is something to eat. But there is still nothing you want, even when you hoped that there magically came something in and that happens a few times a day. This can ruin your day and can make you even more hungry then you already were.

We hope you enjoyed reading this article. Can you relate to any of these problems? Maybe not right now but you will someday. that’s for sure.

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Three cities in the USA

By Simone, v2at

My article is about my three most favourite cities in the United States. Those are: New York City, Los Angeles and Miami. I’ve been to Los Angeles and Miami and would love to go back there. In New York I haven’t been yet, but I would really want to go there.

New York

New York City is the most popular city in the United States. It has a very high population; in 2017 there lived 8,622,698 people. They were distributed over a land area of 784km2. The city is located at the southern tip of the state New York.

New York City consists of five boroughs. Those are: Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx and Staten Island. They became one big city in 1898. In New York City about 800 languages are spoken. 3.2 million residents of NYC were born outside the United States. Some monuments of NYC are: the Statue of Liberty, Wall street, the Empire State Building and the old World Trade Centre destroyed by terrorists in 2001 with the Twin Towers and its successor the One World Trade Centre that was opened in 2014. A flight from the Netherlands to NYC takes about 9 hours.

Los Angeles

Los Angeles is the commercial, financial and cultural centre of Southern California. The city is also known for its Mediterranean climate, Hollywood and the entertainment industry. LA is located in a large basin with the Pacific Ocean on one side and mountains as high as 3,000m on the other side. The city is ranked 6th at the Global City Index. The surface of the city is 1.302km2. in 2017 there lived 3,857,779 people. A flight from the Netherlands to LA takes about 14 hours. The city was founded in 1781, by the Spanish governor of Las Californias; Felipe de Neve. In 1821 the settlement became part of Mexico. And 27 years later the city came into American hands.

Nowadays Los Angeles is a world city with a big harbour and a busy airport. It’s also known for the entertainment industry, for example because of Hollywood or famous people who were born in LA such as: Ke$ha, Blake Lively, Evan Spiegel, Bella Hadid, Kendall & Kylie Jenner and Hailee Steinfield.

Miami

Miami is a city in south-east Florida, between the Florida Everglades and the Atlantic Ocean. In 2015 there live about 440,000 people in Miami. It’s the capital of Florida. The peninsula on the eastside of Miami is called Miami Beach. Miami has a tropical climate. The city also has the third tallest skyline in the US with over 300 high-rises. A flight to Miami takes about 11 hours.

Los Angeles, also known as LA, is the second-most popular city in the US it also is the most populated city in the Western United States, with a population of 4 million.

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All You should know about Egypt

By Yana, B2AT

The history of Egypt is written in a time of six thousand years. Egypt is one of the lands who had developed fast, and thousands of years the Egyptians had a very difficult and specific culture who later had changed other cultures of Europe, The Middle- East and other African countries. After the time of the faros, Egypt itself became influenced by the Greek, The Christenisch and the Islamic culture.

Egyptians always behave friendly toward each other and tourists. If you would ask something to Egyptians, they will always answer your question and give some information about it. They are also very enthusiastic to everyone.

In Egypt, with its great travel attractions and a cultural ambiance, the smiling faces of the people there are an added charm. All these nice arguments are the best part of the visit to Egypt program and you will never forget it. The Egypt culture takes you to the traditions, languages, history civilizations of ancient places.

In Egypt, family is very important. Mostly one person of the family takes the responsibility to keep the family together in a proper manner. Also the behaviour is very important. If you would not behave respectful or be unfriendly to them, they would be very mad, and become aggressive.

Did you know that in Egypt on average 5 million people use Facebook. That makes them the most active Facebook users of the Middle-East.

There still exist many sides of the old culture of Egypt. Of the old culture of Egypt, there is still an discussion between newer things. Which has an big influence on the modern western culture.

The biggest city of Africa is the capital city of Egypt, named Cairo was centuries long famous. It was called the centre of education, culture and the buying and selling of products.

Did you know that Egypt has the highest amount of people who won the Nobel prize in Africa and the Arabic world.

Did you know that in Egypt they eat Molokheyya?

It is a childhood favourite for Egyptians! They say that it is Delicious and heart-warming, yet it looks like, and has the consistency of, slime, seaweed or moss. Weirdest. Meal. Ever.

Food in Egypt Ta’meya Ta’meya is one of the most commonly eaten foods in Egypt. It is made of crushed fava beans paste and fried. it is cheap, it tastes very good. It’s like the poor people’s burger. They mostly eat it with breakfast. the Ta’meya shops are full of people. It is like a tradition for the people in Egypt to start their day with Ta’meya, because it really fills their stomach and give them energy.

Mulukhiyah Mulukhiyah is made by cutting off the leaves of jute and Corchorus plants, and then it is cooked with garlic. It is often served at home beside rice or bread. Egyptian people also cook it as a side dish beside the Mulukhiyah, such as chicken, rabbits and beef, the most common one it is served with is chicken. This plate is served in many ways among the cities of Egypt too. And the Egyptian women especially know how to make it better than any woman. Egyptians homes at least eat this dish weekly.

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Development of Technology

By Tatum & Mijntje, B2at

We are Mijntje and Tatum and we are going to give you more information about the history and development of the technology. The reason we chose this topic is because we don’t know a lot of the development of technology ourselves, so that means we can also learn a lot from the information we give you and technology is something we use every day so we think it is also important that you know why the actually meaning from the inventor was why he or she invented the topics we are going to talk about.

Nowadays, radios are found in cars in shopping centre, houses, working places etc. And there also are a lot of radio programs and transmitters. So over time it became really famous and much nicer to listen to, because of the songs they let you hear and the voices that speak.

Phone

Radio

In 1895, Nikola Tesla wanted to give a demonstration to send electric signals over a large distance. But he could not present the experiment because his working space was burned. A few months later Guglielmo Marconi stole the ideas of Tesla and this time it worked, Alexander Stepanovitsj Popov did exact the same they both build based on the work from Heinrich Hertz, he invented in 1887 how electronic radio waves could be send and received. the antenna makes it possible to receive radio-waves and because of the waves, you can hear transmitters on the radio. The Italians did not like the invention from Marconi, so he went to England. We can't make a sure conclusion that one name named above is the inventor of the radio, but what we do know is that they all play an important role in the making of the radio. The antenna, is an invention of Marconi.

Engineers that worked for Tesla saw that Marconi was steeling the ideas from Tesla, but Tesla didn't care about it, he thought that Marconi wouldn't do that, he thought it was a good man. But when Marconi won the Nobel-prize in 1909, Tesla became angry but when Tesla died in, 1943 he was named as the inventor of the radio. Radio connections that were made by Marconi: 1899 over the canal between England and France. 1901 between Great-Britain and Newfoundland. 1914 first European radio concert. 1919 first radio program.

In 1860 a German Physics teacher Philipp Reis invented the first Telephone, it was an, wooden device with a microphone in it, the Telephone could send the sound to another Telephone. It was made to send spoken massages, from a large distance. The Telephone was first present at the national market of Germany. A few years later Philipp Reis died without any profit for selling his first Telephones. But in the year 1871, Antonio Meucci invented telephone connection, he called it Teletrophone, Antonio Meucci had not received a lot of money with this invention as well. In 1876 Alexander Graham Bell tried to do something about the phone and it worked, together with his dad he started a phone company, called: the Telephony-company. It became the biggest company of the entire world. Telephony-company developed, improved the phones and became more famous every year. In 1879 the first phone exchange was made and in 1881 a national telephone network was made. Nowadays more Telephone-businesses are set up like Apple, Samsung, and Huawei. Per year they receive more than 1 billion euro's, every year they receive more money, because of the phones they sell. Look on the streets, on your school, work or hobby, what you see is that almost all persons have a phone.

Living without them is almost not possible for most people. This is the reason Telephone-companies grow and phones get every day more popular.

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Television

In the past there were only a black-and-white Televisions. Later, the colour television was also conceived. This all started with the mechanical television. The mechanical television worked through a disk. This disk was called the Nipkow disk. The Nipkow disk is a fast-rotating disk with small holes in the form of a spiral. The light and dark areas were converted into an electrical signal.

This activated a neon-lamp. This was developed in 1925. Electronic television came after the mechanical television. And then came the most famous television from the past, the tube television. This is probably the television that our parents used to watch. This was quite a complicated system of how this television worked exactly. But simply, there were three tubes with colours, and they were mixed with each other to create different colours via a certain signal. The television we have now is the plasma television.

This plasma television radiates energy by warmth and light. This is the television which the most of us have right now.

In the years 1909-1910 much cinema’s in the Netherlands opened because in that years much movies can get sold, for cheap. In that time there were bands by the movie to get music in the movie.

The first movies didn’t had sound. This, movies were called the ‘’stupid movies’’ because there was no sound in it. The movies from then on were only very short. Snow White and the seven dwarfs, was the first animation film that lasted longer than an hour. This was also the first Disney movie that lasted so long. After Snow White had a good yield Walt Disney has released Pinocchio.

Interview We are going to ask our grandmas some questions about what they think of the technology nowadays: How did you use to make appointments with friends, when you were younger?

Especially on school and sports, but most friends lived near-by, otherwise we used to send letters when we were far away from each other.

What do you think of the using of a phone?

To make appointments or in emergencies a phone is useful, but nowadays most people are addicted to it. So, if I am honest, I would say no it is not a good thing, we used to play with each other outside and just talk to each other face to face now that goes more through social media.

Is the technology different than in your childhood?

Yes, the technology absolutely is changed. The only thing we had in our childhood was a black/white television and a radio, we also had phones, but they were not that famous and

Cinema

In the winter off1904-1905 brothers began to showfilms in the Haagse art-circle. They did this every year in the weeks of December and January. In other lands they showed the first movies in cinema’s in 1905. Cinema owners need to have movies they could show in the cinema, cinema owners started to buy movies from each other. The first Dutch cinema came in 1906 in the Amsterdam Damstreet. This cinema was called the bijou biograph theatre.

Are children too busy using a phone this time according to your opinion?

If I am honest yes, I think they are too busy with using their phones the reason I think that is because, when my granddaughters are visiting us, I have to tell them, ‘put your phones away for a sec’. otherwise talking with them is not an option.

Do you think the using of a phone it is a bad thing or a good thing?

I think it is a good thing, but that people are so addicted to it is not a good thing.

Do you use your phone a lot?

No mostly I only use it for emergencies or when I want to look something up.

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Vehicles

Boats

By Yiri & Yves, V2at

This article is about vehicles. you have a lot of different vehicles, but we’re going to talk about the one everyone knows. We mean with “the vehicles that everyone knows” cars, planes, trains and boats. Vehicles are machines made to make traveling easier.

Cars

Cars are the vehicles almost all people (above 18) have. Cars are four-wheeled vehicles with a capacity of mostly five people. one of them is the driver and the other four the passengers.

The first car was steam powered and made in 1769

by Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot and the first petrol powered car like we have now in 1870. We are going to talk more about the gasoline/petrol cars.

Cars started to develop until now and they are even making new models already so it will never stop developing. In this period lot of people love cars, that’s why they want to have the best of the best. Now, there are a lot of different cars in this time so you can go from a Fiat Panda to a Mclaren 570S. The biggest difference is not actually the look, but the price is. For example, you’ll pay around €12,695, - for a Fiat Panda and a Mclaren 570S around €184,900, -. Now we now the differences in price, I searched some photos to see the difference in looks: Fiat Panda

Mclaren 570S

Boats have served as transportation since the earliest times. People used them to move on the water because it was safer then on the land, until the pirates came of course. They used them to transport goods from one place to another for example food or clothes.

Nowadays we use boats for all kinds of thing from transporting to going on vacation. I have a photo so you can see the evolution of boats very clear:

Of course, there is a difference between a goodsship and a cruise ship, the cruise ship will be more luxurious because people use it to go on a vacation, and that should be nice right?

You have different types of boats namely human powered, what is mostly powered by human's self by a peddle or rowing movements. You also have the motor-powered boats powered by (mostly) a gasoline/petrol engine. Also you have since a short time inflatable boats, you can buy them in a lot of stores, you have good ones and bad ones, easy to take them with you, and they are cheaper than iron or wood bows And at last you have sail boats witch are powered through a sail, an because of the wind that the sail catches, goes forward. In earlier times almost all boats where made of wood and in the tropical country’s sometimes of bamboo. Of course, they were more dangerous than the boats we now have, but that’s what technology does! At this time period boats are still in the water and not floating, but the way of making them changed a lot. From material to shape and from shape to speed. When in the old times people used bamboo and wood, we use now iron. Now you’re thinking: iron??, That sinks! But people invented an idea to make iron boats floats. They made under the place where people can come a huge space as big as the boat at that place and that space is filled with air, air is lighter than the water so it will push up and, in that way, float.

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Airplanes

Trains

The train is also a useful as a way to transport it was made in 1515 but it was not really a train we know now. It was already on rails, but it wasn't automatic it was used for transporting recourses when it was too heavy to do it with a horse. Later in 1700 they became automatic, so it was even easier to transport stuff. some people thought it was also handy to transport people. In the begin everyone was against it because they feared it because it was the first thing that could go fast. They thought their head could explode, and farmers said their cows didn't gave milk any more. This was only because they found it scary and it made a lot of noise.

Later people tried to travel because it was silencer en they said they made it safer. some people start travel with trains still not a lot of people but more than first. When this happened and the people saw how fast you could travel more and more people used it. Now is the train one of the most used transport middles every city or village has a rail way a station or a subway and with this I don't mean the fast food store. Why a lot of people use it is because it is fast and not only of the speed of the train but also it is straight rails u don’t have traffic.

It is not only this, but also young people how are not allowed to drive a car use a train it is cheap way to go from place to place There are not only trains there are also trams and subways. Now you probably are thinking what the difference is. the difference is trams are above the ground and are used in cities and aren't going as fast as a train, because that would be dangerous, and a subway are like trains under the ground trains are normally outside a city or village because they bring you from one city or village to another. Not only of that it is outside of a city or village also because of the sound and the easiest place to build a railway.

Here is some history about the airplane: Around 400 BC in Greece, Archytas was reputed to have made the first self-propelled flying, it was a birdshaped model propelled by a jet of what was probably steam, said to have flown some 200 m.

Some of the earliest recorded attempts with gliders were those by the 9th-century it was a glider and you cannot fly but more float in the air.

In 1799, George Cayley has made the concept of the modern airplane how he looks now as a fixedwing flying machine with separate systems for lift, and to go for wards, and you can control it You have also different kind of planes. You have planes with propeller's and why did they used propeller's. An aircraft propeller, or airscrew converts rotary motion from an engine or other power sources, into a swirling slipstream which pushes the propeller forward or backward. We use also planes for long distance transport it is an easy way to travel fast.

Many planes have a lot store place underneath it.

It is developed for people to go on vacation or to bring much stuff with them. To go with a plane on vacation it is expensive. but when you go to places long distance away then you go with a plane otherwise it takes way to long. Or you use it when you go over the sea because then you can't use a car o train, you can use a boat for traveling over water but going with a plane is faster.

Now you know more about vehicles or at least we hope you do and know things you first didn’t know about the cars, planes, boats and trains we hope you enjoyed reading our article it was nice to make and we hope you learned some new things and know this is the end!

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AN SMC TTO PUBLICATION © 2019 EDITOR IN CHIEF/LAYOUT/DESIGN Mr. van Roekel NEWSROOM WRITING TEAM Pupils V2at, B2at

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