資訊系統如何上雲端 How to Move onto the Cloud 和沛科技 總經理 翟本喬 Ben Jai, CEO, Hope Bay Technologies, Inc.
什麼是雲端運算？ • Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, ondemand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. This cloud model … is composed of five essential characteristics, three service models, and four deployment models. •
http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/SNS/cloud-computing/cloud-def-v15.doc
雲端運算的特性 • On-demand self-service
– Users can unilaterally provision computing capabilities
• Broad network access
– Resources are available over the network and accessed through standard mechanisms
• Resource pooling
– Resources dynamically assigned and reassigned, independent of location
• Rapid elasticity
– Resources can be rapidly and elastically provisioned to quickly scale out and rapidly released to quickly scale in
• Measured Service
– Control / optimize resource use by metering
雲端運算特性與傳統 IT 的對比 • On-demand … through self-service interfaces • Accessible … to everyone broadly over the network • Shared … pooled resources • Elastic … dynamically scale up and down • Metered use … OpEx: high level of granularity
• On-approval … through workflow driven approvals • Controlled access … only necessary users/services • Private … isolated resources • Static … fixed assigned resources • Purchased … CapEx: fixed cost over long periods
IT 管理程序上所需之改變 • • • • • •
標的: 財產 服務 目的: 擁有 使用 科目: 採購 租用 (資本財 使用費) 預算: 最大使用量 實際使用量 權限: 集中 自助 配置: 專屬 分享
系統設計上所需之改變 • Vendor-centric
• Standard-centric
• Scale up
• Scale out
• Expect robustness
• Expect Failures
– Proprietary APIs – VMWare, MS, Oracle – IBM, HP, Dell, Cisco, EMC – Integrated, optimized, presized – Buy a bigger server – RAID / Blade / HA Pairs / Clusters – Dual-power, online spare
– Open APIs – Open source SW – Commodity HW – Modular, homogeneous, load-balanced – Buy more servers – RAIS (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Servers) – Standby, auto retry
什麼不是雲端運算？ • • • • • • •
建置超大型機房 貨櫃型資料中心 綠色資料中心 把資料送到網路去處理 MapReduce, Hadoop 虛擬化, 虛擬主機 虛擬桌面, thin client
• • • •
“雲端對話” “雲端合作” “雲端二代宅” IaaS, SaaS
雲端運算服務模式 • Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
– Ability to provision processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources where the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software, which can include operating systems and applications.
• Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS)
– Ability to deploy onto the cloud infrastructure consumer-created or acquired applications created using programming languages and tools supported by the provider.
• Cloud Software as a Service (SaaS)
– Ability to use the provider’s applications running on a cloud infrastructure.
雲端運算系統與雲端應用的差別 • • • • • •
交通雲: 即時交通資訊網 低碳雲: 碳足跡資料庫 醫療雲: 電子病歷資料庫 教育雲: 互動式教學網站 單一應用計劃 政府雲: IaaS 上 run {即時交通資訊網、碳足跡資料 庫、電子病歷資料庫、互動式教學網站}, 動態分享 資源, 彈性增減
雲端資訊系統所需之特性 • • • •
允許分散處理 允許平行處理 允許容錯管理 允許彈性容量管理
Request
Service
DB
雲端資訊系統所需之特性 • • • •
允許分散處理 允許平行處理 允許容錯管理 允許彈性容量管理
Request LB/HA/AS Service
Service
Service
DB
• 資訊系統設計人才升級 雲端服務應用設計
規格設計實務 • 採購 10 台伺服器, 每台 2 顆 6 核 2.4 GHz CPU, 64 GB RAM, 2顆750 GB 15000 RPM 硬碟, … • 租用 120 台虛擬主機 (4 GB RAM, 100 GB disk) • 租用 360 compute unit, 480 GB RAM, 12 TB disk • 租用 200 compute unit, 300 GB RAM, 10 TB disk, 保留 160 compute unit, 180 GB RAM, 2 TB disk • 擴建 135 compute unit, 247 GB RAM, 8.3 TB disk, 總容量…
雲端資訊系統設計最佳實務 • Service Oriented Architecture – Service Contract (API) – Abstraction – Reusable – Stateless – Composable – Loose Coupling
傳統型 企業資訊系統架構
虛擬化雲端型 企業資訊系統架構
服務導向雲端型 企業資訊系統架構
未來雲端資訊系統架構 Service 8
Service 6 Service 7
Service 5 Service 9
Service 13
Service 3 Service 16
Service 2 Service 4
User 1
Service 12 Service 14
Service 1 Service 15
Service 11
Service 10
Platform Infrastructure
Service 17
Cloud Software as a Service Cloud Platform as a Service Cloud Infrastructure as a Service
XaaS Everything as a Service
人生以服務為目的
產品如何變成服務? • • • • •
發電機 電力 影印機 影印機租用服務 吸塵器、拖把、水桶 … 鐘點清潔工 碟帶機、碟帶、SOP … 備份服務 伺服器 主機租賃
對使用者的好處 • • • • •
不必(冒險)在一開始付出高額建置成本 縮短等待建置的時間 不必在停止使用時付出清理成本 不必擔心故障時的未知維修成本 使用量可以有較大彈性，提高企業運作靈 活度
對供應商的好處 • 持續性的收入 • 提高客戶忠誠度 – 服務內容特性 – 提升服務品質而非降低價格 – 服務自動升級
• 容易推廣附加產品
Culture Change Adopting Cloud • CLOUD – On-demand … through selfservice interfaces – Accessible … to everyone broadly over the network – Shared … pooled resources – Elastic … dynamically scale up and down – Metered use … at high level of granularity (OpEx)
• ENTERPRISE – On-approval … through workflow driven approvals – Controlled access … only necessary users/services – Private … isolated resources – Static … fixed assigned resources – Purchased … at a fixed cost over long periods (CapEx)
Need to change user mindset!
The Tale of Two Clouds Enterprise Clouds (virtualization) Vendor-centric
• – – –
•
Commodity Clouds (“real” Cloud) Standard-centric
•
Proprietary APIs VMWare, MS, Oracle IBM, HP, Dell, Cisco, EMC, NetApp
– – –
Open APIs Open source SW Commodity HW
Need to change developer mindset! Scale up
– –
Integrated, optimized Buy a bigger server
Expect robustness
• – –
RAID / Blade / HA Pairs / Clusters Dual-power, online spare
Scale out
•
– –
Homogeneous, modular Buy more servers
Expect Failures
• – –
RAIS (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Servers/services) Load balanced, auto retry
Challenges for Taiwan IT Industry • “Cloud Computing market will grow to $X B” – How are the numbers obtained? How much of that is new revenue? How much is moved from traditional IT budget? – What are the (negative) impact on the traditional IT vendors? • Cloud Computing saves server hardware cost – Server manufacturers will sell less. How to create new values to stimulate growth? “OEM/ODM selling directly to large customers” doesn’t count. • Cloud Computing uses software to save HW cost – How to catch up / leapfrog on the software side? – An opportunity for transformation? • Have to think outside the (equipment) box
Need to change manufacturer mindset!
簡報完畢 敬請指教 ben.jai@hopebaytech.com