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WWW. By Karen Johnson
Have you ever used the World Wide Web to do research or play a game? Well, if you haven’t used the World Wide Web try going to a local library and go on a website. This is so amazing everything you need to know all in one program. This makes things easier and faster. Now you don’t have to look and look in a text book for only one answer. There is a reason for this time saving tool. His name is Tim Berners-Lee. In London on June 8, 1955 Tim Berners-Lee was born. In his childhood, he was a train spotter, learned about electrons, and tinkered with his model train. His parents are Conway Berners-Lee and Marry Lee Woods. They were both mathematicians but Conway was also a computer scientist. Mary and Conway worked on the Ferranti Mark 1, the world’s first public computer. Tim attended high school at Emanuel School in Wadsworth. One day, after school, Tim saw his father writing a speech on the computer. Soon Tim Berners-Lee and his father had a conversation about the human brain has an advantage over computers, because it can connect to ideas that haven’t been linked. Soon, this desire will become something big. He soon graduated high school and went to college at Queen College in Oxford. During college Tim built his own computer
out of an M6800 processer and an old television. Berners-Lee graduated in 1976 and got his degree in physics. After college Tim Berners-Lee worked with Plessey Telecommunications Ltd, this is a Telecom equipment manufacturer. He worked on transaction systems, message relays, and
bar code technology. Two years later, he left Plessey and went to D.G Nash Ltd. He wrote among other things typesetting software for intelligent printers, and a multitasking operating system. Tim Berners-Lee spent a year and a half as an independent adviser. During this time he spent a six month session at CERN, Europeen pour le Recherche Nucleaire. CERN is a particle physics laboratory located in Geneva, Switzerland. At CERN BernersLee created the World Wide Web in 1989. He also made the first website at CERN. This
website showed the basics of the World Wide Web. On this journey to invent the World Wide Web Tim documented what would soon be the World Wide Web. He also had to work on the technology to make the World Wide Web accessible to other people. But soon he realized some setbacks to the World Wide Web. Thanks to his determination he was able to overcome
these setbacks. The World Wide Web was able to use for the first time in 1989. Berners-Lee found three basic technologies to the World Wide Web: HTML, Hyper Text Markup Language; URL, Uniform Resource Locators; and HTTP, Hyper Text Transfer Protocol. Tim Berners-Lee did not invent the Internet, but he invented the World Wide Web. There is a difference between the World Wide Web and the Internet. The Internet is a big network of computer networks and wireless devices, while the World Wide Web is information that can be found using connections that can connect to other hyperlinks. Tim founded the World Wide Web Consortium, W3C, in October 1994. The W3C is the main international standards organization for the World Wide Web. Tim became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2001. Berners-Lee was soon knighted by
Queen Elizabeth in 2004. He won the Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering in 2013. Today Tim lives in California. In conclusion, the World Wide Web is a useful tool. It saves a lot of time answering a question or doing research. Remember, if you haven’t used the World Wide Web go somewhere where there is a computer and search something you want to know about. All of this is because of Tim Berners-Lee. *** Google, (2005). The Original Nerds. [Website]. Retrieved from http://webdesignpi.tripod.com/lee.htm Google, (2015). Tim Berners-Lee. [Website]. Retrieved from http://inventors.about.com Google, (2007). Tim Berners-Lee. [Website]. Retrieved from http://www.thocp.net Google, (2007). Fascinating Facts About Tim Berners-Lee Inventor of the World Wide Web in 1991. [Website]. Retrieved from http://www.ideafinder.com Google, (2015). Tim Berners-Lee. [Website] Retrieved from http://websearch.about.com
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Life in a DoubleWhat? By:
Jessi Shan
Have you ever heard of a double helix? Most likely, your answer is no. A double helix is commonly known as DNA, which carries genetic information in the cells of a plant and animal. You've seen a monkey bar right? Well the double helix is the exact same yet twisted. How was it discovered? It all started in July 25, 1920 the day a scientist was born and that scientist was Rosalind Franklin. Rosalind Franklin, born in the wealthy West London with her family, owning several estates, a five-car garage, a country house with a complete tennis court, and an adjoining farm house. Although they were wealthy, there came responsibility to give back to the community according to the principles in the Franklin family. They were traced back to their ancestor all the way to King David up to generations of English and eastern English Jews. Rosalind was the second oldest out of five sibling in the family born by Ellis Franklin and Muriel Waley. Her father, Ellis worked at a bank called Keyser Bank, then volunteered as a teacher and later a vice-principal at a society called the Working Men's College. When Rosalind was nine she became ill from an infection and was sent to a private boarding school in West London that her parents found for specifically for physically ill and weak young ladies. At the age of eleven in 1932, Rosalind was enrolled at St. Paul's School a public school
for girls only that has an excellent academic reputation. Staying at St. Paul's Girl's school made Rosalind realize her love for science. Four years later, Rosalind knew her passion was science and wanted it to be her career. Science was mostly anti-social work which matched her personality and she enjoyed
The Structure of DNA http://mashable.com/category/dna/
scientific thinking and experimentation. She was once in trouble when the headmistress of St. Paul called her parents in because she and her new best friend Jean had been bullying Jeans ex-best friend. Rosalind grew up in an unsettled time which was the war of the Nazi Germany and many Jews fled to England creating it a worldwide depression. As years passed by Rosalind took an examination at the University of Cambridge in physics and chemistry, she was placed first in chemistry because of that Rosalind was offered
admission to both Girton and Newnham Colleges for women. Rosalind decided to go to Newnham to study science.
who was known for her best work on the molecular structure on the virus, coal, graphite, and x-ray diffraction.
Rosalind was shy, intelligent, lively, strict, logical, unsocial, quiet, and was the happiest when it comes to solving problems with resolutions. She was specialized as a physical chemist which studies the reaction, composition, structure, atoms, and molecules working often for about eight hours. Years had passed by and Hitler wanted to destroy the British population areas by bringing a force of German bombers. Bombs were dropped daily in London and some bomb landed in the Franklin's West side home causing the family to leave London and change life for Franklin's school because most scientists left the universe to involve in war research. As Rosalind got older she came very independent and was a British biophysicist
Rosalind was also known for the discovery on the structure of DNA which is a double helix, the two twist parallel lines that holds the DNA base on her work on the X-ray diffraction images on the DNA. She earned her PhD and bachelor before she died of ovarian cancer in April 16, 1958 possibly caused by her exposure to radiation while working on her X-ray crystallography without getting a Nobel Prize because she died before it was awarded to. *** Citation: Polcovar, Jane. Rosalind Franklin and the Structure of Life. Greensboro, NC: Morgan Reynolds Pub., 2006. Print.
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Tug of War By: Victoria Cohen
On May 18, 1850 the inventor of the with vector calculus and Maxwell’s Heaviside layer around the earth was formula of electro magnetism which born. A person who started to paint wasn’t that far from his vector his finger nails pink and moved methods. Electro magnetism involved granite blocks into his forces pulling house for furniture. Also towards each other started to sign W.O.R.M for example if one after his name. Eventually object had a stronger this strange person would magnet then the invent the Heaviside step other, the first one function. This person would would pull the one soon be known by many as with less magnetism Oliver Heaviside. Growing towards itself like tug up was rough with his of war. Later on he hearing impairment from would prove that scarlet fever but he radio waves bounce overcame that challenge off the earth from Oliver Heaviside and accomplished many. He the sun and other accomplished over 4 things planets to eventually that would change this world forever. have the Heaviside layer named after He was a smart guy for going to him. Another accomplishment he school only until he was 16. When he made was adapting complex numbers was 13 he was sent to Camden House to the study of electrical circuits. of Grammar but soon left because his Eventually inventing mathematical family could not afford it anymore. techniques for the solution of After he left school he self-taught for differential equations. What this a year then moved into electrical means is he changed the face of engineering, mathematics, and telecommunication, mathematics, physics. He worked with telegraphs and science. Oliver made many for 3 years then becoming an accomplishments and discoveries. He electrician. As he got older he worked would of probably made more if he
were not to of died so young (around 45). Oliver was a strange person but unique and a genus in many ways. He made so many discoveries and progress with him life. Oliver probably made more accomplishments in his life that people did not know about and no one ever found out about. Oliver never got married and never had kids. He made many things happen but never had time for a family. Oliver Heaviside was later the first person to receive a faraday medal.
Many believe he deserved this medal but could have worked with more people on the way. Oliver later died at age 74 on February 3, 1925; he was buried at the eastern corner of Paignton cemetery near his father Thomas Heaviside and mother Rachelle Elizabeth Heaviside. Later his grave stone was cleaned in 2005 by an anonymous donor. As some people his recognition was gained after death. Oliver Heaviside is still remembered today and will be for a long time to come.
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Make your morning astronomical!
Thinking Big By Jev Tatum
Have you ever wondered about how our electricity works or how matter takes up space? These are things my famous STEM celebrity Albert Einstein studied and I will show you what great accomplishments he had in his lifetime. He has gone through terrible times with school but he did not give up he kept learning and he became a genius. Albert Einstein was born in March 14 1879. He was born in Ulm Germany. Surprisingly, Albert Einstein was slow learning how to speak which set him back a little. He also was a rebellious child he got expelled. The names of his family members are Hermann which was his father. His mother was Pauline.
Albert Einstein is a famous physicist because he won the Nobel Prize in 1935. Albert Einstein was born to a middle class Jewish family in Ulm Germany. Albert Einstein won the Nobel Prize because he was very smart and he knew a lot about the topic he was doing which was physics. Albert Einstein is one of the smartest person in the world. Einstein’s first job was working as a patent clerk in Bern, Switzerland, Einstein had what came to be known as his “Annus Mirabilis” — or “miracle year”. It was during this time that the Albert Einstein obtained his
Albert Einstein was fascinated with math and science. Then he became a physicist. He won the Nobel Prize in 1935. He also won the Gold medal of the Royal astronomical society. He also won the Coldplay medal and the max medal.
Albert Einstein as a young physicist
Doctorate degree and published four of his most influential research papers, including the Special Theory of Relativity. In that, the now world famous equation "e=mc2" unlocked mysteries of the Universe theretofore unknown. Ten years later, in 1915, Einstein completed his General Theory of Relativity. This is when Albert Einstein got
famous and everyone was talking about him. Einstein immigrated to the United States in the autumn of 1933 and moved to Princeton, New Jersey and a professorship at the prestigious Institute for Advanced Study. Albert Einstein died 20 years later. He had a lot of accomplishments in his lifetime. I would say he was a very smart and successful. Albert Einstein died in Princeton, New Jersey. He died in April, 18 1955.
Albert Einstein’s famous Equation E=MC squared.
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Albert Einstein was a great physicist and a great mathematician. He uncover some of the of the world’s secrets now we will keep trying to find out the world’s biggest achievements.
When the sun goes down BY: Stan Ore Edison sold candy and newspapers for the train station. After the train station one of something at night? In order to do so you Edison’s first jobs was a telegrapher. He got turn on the lights which comes from a light the job after saving a three year old from bulb. Thomas Edison invented the light bulb getting hit by a train, what he did for this in 1879. He had also invented the first job was he learned to become a telegraph music and sound recorder and player called operator and then became one. In this job a phonograph in 1877. Thomas Edison was he met a man who was also an inventor, a very important inventor and person in named Franklin Leonard Pope who allowed America and the world. Thomas Edison was Edison to invent things in the basement of born on February 11, 1847 and was the his New Jersey home. That youngest of seven was the beginning of his children. Edison only inventing career. Some of went to school for 3 his first inventions had to do months then dropped with telegraphing, including out to become a stock ticker. Edison’s first homeschooled by his patent was for an electric mother. vote recorder. What Edison first became famous for was his phonograph which Thomas Edison recorded things then played had hearing problems at what was recorded. After a young age and later the phonograph and many became deaf. Edison had Thomas Edison’s phonograph other small inventions gotten married at the Edison invented one of the age of sixteen to Mary most used things in the world today. What Stilwell and had three children. Mary had Edison had invented that is used so often, died at the age of 29 in 1884 for unknown but is taken for granted, is the lightbulb. He causes. At the age of 39 he had married the invented the first successful lightbulb on 20 year old Mina Miller who was the October 22, 1879. Edison had made many daughter of the famous inventor Lewis different types of lightbulbs using various Miller. Mina had outlived Edison who had materials. Edison also had a dispute about died in August 24, 1947. At an early age
Have you ever wanted to read or do
which current was better, AC or DC currents. Edison and his friend George Westinghouse had discovered DC currents which stands for “direct current “. Thomas Edison had also made a kinetoscope which was often put in arcades and would put out little films for a penny. This was one of the many motion picture inventions that Edison had made.
Edison was not only a great inventor but he was a great scientist. Sadly Edison died on October 18, 1931 from diabetes and had still been working almost two months before his death. Edison was 84 years old when he died and had lived a long, good, and happy life. Some of his great inventions changed life for mankind and will be remembered for a long time.
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13, 15, 21 By: Collins S. Castro 13, 15, 21. What do those numbers mean? To Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev those are three numbers that would change his life forever. Growing up his family had a business owned by his father. When Mendeleev was just 13 years old his father died. At the age of 15 years old their business burned down. But on a happier note when Mendeleev was 21 years old he got his first job as a scientist. Most people don’t even graduate college until they are 22. Once their business was ruined his family needed a surefire way to earn some money so Dmitri got a job. His passion was always to become a scientist. Unfortunately he was diagnosed with Tuberculosis and that cut his career short and also gave him some obstacles to overcome but nothing would stop the great Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev. Mendeleev was born February 8th, 1834 in Tobolsk, Russia. Growing up he had 16 siblings and his mother and father. In school he was described to have an
“uncontrollable temper” and had little friends. He was hated by all teachers. His teachers would have never guessed that he would be such a successful human being and a wellknown and well liked scientist. Dmitri’s family didn’t have enough money for school so he walked from his home town of Tobolsk with his mother all the way to Moscow trying to find a school that would accept him and that was affordable. When they were turned down in Moscow they traveled to Saint Petersburg where Mendeleev was accepted and his mother left him there to live on his own as an orphan. Mendeleev has won many awards for his accomplishments (which he has lots of). Some of his accomplishments include developing periodic law and he also created his own version of the periodic table. His version of the periodic table is the one we use today. Mendeleev is known as the Father of the Periodic Table. Periodic Law is one of the most important things in
science when referring to Chemistry and science in general. He is also one of the most well-known S.T.E.M. scientists in the history of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. Dmitri was married 2 times. His first wife was Feozka Nikitichka Leshcheva who he was married to from 1862 to 1882. In 1882 his first wife died. He married his second wife, Anna Ivanova Popova. Mendeleev married his second wife just 2 days after his first wife died. I would not say that he married his second wife out of respect for the dead. Does that hint that he was cheating on his first wife because how could he have met someone, dated
someone, proposed to someone, and married someone all in the 2 days after his wife’s death? It remains a mystery. Mendeleev also had six children. His children were, Lyubov Dmitrievna Mendeleeva, Olga Mendeleeva, Maria Mendeleeva, Ivan Mendeleev, Vladimir Mendeleev, and Vasily Mendeleev. Mendeleev had 16 siblings growing up and two parents making them a family of 19 until his father died when he was 13 years old. Mendeleev died when he was 73 years old from tuberculosis. Dmitri was diagnosed with tuberculosis when he was very young. Even though Mendeleev is dead his legacy lives on in the world of Chemistry.
***
Unforgettable words ……… Lost in the winds of time.
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By Bob Miller Who was this Scottish Scientist Well, who made anti-bio tic’s we don’t know well let me tell you it’s a long story but well get through it. This Scottish scientist has studied medicine and has discovered penicillin. Did he go to a good college No, Did he have a good lab to work in
Alexander Flemming working in his Labratory
no. Have you ever got really sick and you have to take antibiotics? Well thank the one and only Alexander Flemming. Alexander Fleming was a Scottish biologist who was born on August 6, 1881 in Darvel United Kingdom. He was raised in a farm near Ayrshire. He was the 3rd among 4 children of farmer Hugh Fleming. His father Hugh
Fleming had 4 surviving children on his first marriage. But at the age of 59 he had his second marriage. Hugh Flemming then died of a heart attack when his son Alexander Flemming was at the age of 7. Alexander Flemming then went to Loundon Moore School and Darvel School. He then earned his 2 year scholarship at Kilmernock academy before moving to London. After working at a ship office for 4 years the 22 year old inherited some money from his Uncle John Flemming. Alexander Flemming older brother Tom Flemming who was already a physician suggested Alexander Flemming to follow his same career. So in 1903 Alexander Flemming intended St. Mary Medical School in Paddington. He then qualified with an MBBS degree in 1906. Alexander Fleming then married a trained nurse in 1915. Her name was Sarah Marion. Alexander Flemming discovered penicillin in 1928. That discovery has changed the world because he literally created a
germ killer. His discoveries brought new hope to the world by battling new diseases. For his discoveries he then became famous and then one the noble peace price in 1945. But sadly he died on 11 March 1999. After his death His son Robert Flemming followed his father in medicine. After that Robert F
determine and persistence. He finally did what he dreamed of discovering something that changed the world. We will always remember what Alexander Flemming did. So in all he was a great scientist who wanted to make a change.
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So in conclusion Alexander Flemming was a wonderful scientist, biologist. His discoveries has changed the world. We are just very lucky he had discovered penicillin or antibiotics. Even though his father died when he was seven but did that stop him No, He kept working and believing that he can do it. So because of his
Pii U
Better than the
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By Tim Jones
M
odern technology is great right? You are using it right now aren’t you?
Technology has advanced so much over just a few years. There are many inventors that make technology but there are the companies that you probably know. There is Apple, Dell, Samsung, LG, Intel, and many more. Intel is in a lot of machines isn’t it? Let’s find out about the creator of Intel, what he was like as a child, and how he became successful.
Early Life Robert Noyce was the co-founder of Intel and Fairchild Semiconductor. He was born in December 12, 1927 at Burlington, Iowa. He was the third of four sons. Robert was always a young inventor that was curious and wanted to improve things. When he was about 12 years old he built a boy sized aircraft. They flew the plane off of the roof of Grinnell College stables. Robert really excelled in mathematics and science. Robert Noyce went to college at Grinnell College and got suspended for one semester for stealing the mayor’s 25lb pig. Robert studied in physics and then received his doctorate in physics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
Career Roberts’s first job was as an engineer at the Philco Corporation at Philadelphia in 1953. His next job was for Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory in 1956. Robert felt like he was an under paid and wanted to start a business. He co-founder Fairchild
Semiconductor in 1957. Then Noyce wanted to start another business and this business was Intel. He founded that in 1968 after he left Fairchild Semiconductor. Robert and Gordon Moore were the founders of Intel. This was by far the most successful company Robert has been a part of. Robert Noyce was not into fancy corporate cars, reserved parking spaces, fancy office spaces, or private jets. He did that to have a relaxed working environment. He left a good role model for the future CEOs of Intel by declining executive perks. His total net worth was $3.7 billion. Robert Noyce then made a teacher scholarship program where it helps students with STEM degrees get a master’s degree in teaching for K- 12.
Awards Robert had won a lot of awards and honors for numerous things. The President Ronald Reagan awarded him the National Medal of Technology in 1987. Then two years after that he got inducted into the U.S Business Hall of Fame. Robert also had received the Franklin Institutes Stuart Ballantine Medal in 1966. 12 years later he received the IEEE Medal of Honor in 1978. Shortly after that award he was elected for the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1980.
This was Robert’s most successful company
Death
Robert Noyce got put in a hospital from a heart attack at his home during June 3, 1990 and then later died at the Seton Medical Center in Austin, Texas. He was 62 years old.
Charlie at the Home Front By Patrick Robin
Perhaps he smiled to himself as he surveyed the great vats that contained the life-saving blood plasma. He had come far since being a child, but then again, many great people before him had as well. He had worked long and hard in his younger years, and now it had paid off. And perhaps he now thought to himself “I wonder what the boys back home would say if they saw me now”. Charlie in his lab getup and equipment
The man destined to save many thousands of lives began his own in the midst of Washington D.C. on June 3rd of 1904. He was born as the first child and Nora and Richard Drew. Much of his early childhood was spent playing around the famed Foggy Bottom neighborhood. Drew was a star pupil and by the time he graduated in 1922, he was able to win a scholarship to Amherst College, where he caught an interest in medicine and planned to go to medical school after college. But upon graduating in 1926, Drew discovered that there wasn’t enough money for medical school. Nonetheless, Drew worked for two years at
present-day Morgan State University in Baltimore, Maryland, to earn money. After saving up enough, Drew got admission to McGill University, in Montreal, Canada. There, Drew won several degrees and graduated 2nd out of a class of 127. Afterwards, Drew returned to the USA and began working on research of blood transfusions, looking over past successes and failures. At the time, there was little need for blood transfusions. However, the need for such a process was rapidly brought into being when World War II began. With massive losses, there were many in need of such treatment. The concept wasn’t new, as blood transfusions dated back to 1667 and by Drew’s time, it was possible extract and store blood for a needy person. Drew studied the problems of this process and decided that blood plasma could be used as a substitute in battlefield emergencies. In 1940, the Blood Transfusion Betterment Association brought forth a meeting that concluded with plans to start a bloodbanking program to aid the Allies in Europe. By this time, Britain was the only Allied titan, other than Russia, still alive and fighting in Europe, and with massive civilian losses from the Blitz bombing, such a program was desperately need. By the time the program ended several months later, Drew had collected a record 14,000 pints of plasma, enough to keep Britain in the war. Even then, Drew’s role in blood transfusions
did not end. In February of 1941, Drew went to talk with the Red Cross about the looming chance of war with the Axis Powers, and suggested that they gather a millions pints of plasma in case of war. The Red Cross agreed and for the next several months, Drew directed waves of willing citizens to the hospitals to give some blood, and also oversaw the preservation, extraction and storage of the plasma. Like many of his fellow Americans, Charlie was working at the Home Front, and Charlie was in the war now. He was also engaging in further research of blood plasma when a great outcry over the blood transfusions erupted. The leaders of the War Department had decided to segregate Caucasian and African-American blood for. This fuss enraged Drew and caused his resignation as assistant supervisor of the program. Luckily, his blood-banking program was able to continue without him. Afterwards, Drew became an examiner at Howard University, with many great doctors passing through his classes. \
Oddly enough, on April Fool’s Day in 1950, Drew came to an inglorious end when he and three friends were driving back home in Burlington, North Carolina. Somehow, the car crashed, and Drew was severely injured and died the same day, leaving behind four children, a young wife, and a great legacy. In the forty-five years that he walked this earth, he saved thousands of lives, and it is often said that the 50 million deaths of World War II would have been much greater if not for the work of Charles Richard Drew. *** Sources Charles Drew Physician by Robyn MahomeLonesome
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A Ray of Radioactivity By: Veronica Carol
She devoted herself to science. Today we look at her as a role model and figure of success. She was a scientist who was incredible in every way. She is dead but her spirit lives on in the science world. She is the greatest figure of Success of Women in S.T.E.M fields and a success all around. She was truly a wonderful woman and a Successful Scientist. She devoted her life to science until she died of radioactivity poisoning also known as cancer. She is the greatest impact on science and she is Marie Curie. Marie was born on November 7, 1867 in Warsaw, Poland. She was the youngest of five children in her family. When Marie was young science and math came easy to her. She spent most of her time in her studies and followed her father’s way of science. She took after him in physics and math. Marie had a very
educated childhood with two parents as teachers. When she went into college it was very hard for her because women didn’t have the same rights that they do now. She went to a
Marie Curie devoted herself to science. She loved science her entire life.
college in Paris named Sorbonne. She worked on her studies and focused on school. She got a degree in mathematics and physics. When Marie was done with college she started working on radioactivity and X-rays. This is
where she met Piere Curie who she did not work in the same field as. They soon fell in love and got married. She kept on working on radioactivity. As she worked in her field of science she began to make major discoveries. She received two Nobel Prizes for two different fields of science. One of the prizes was for Physics and the other was for Chemistry. She was fully committed to science even after the death of her husband. She was fully committed to her field and always was. Marie Curie died like her husband from radioactivity poisoning. Her work exposed her to viruses including cancer. She died on July 4th 1934. In 1948 a cure for her disease was made and in 2010 and 2011 the organization raised $31,800 for patients with this disease. She lived a wonderful life and had many achievements to be proud of. Marie died for what she lived for and that was science. Even though she had a love of her life she loved science
more than anything. She lived a full life to be proud of and today people know that she made a difference in the world of science and the world of women. Marie Curie had many accomplishments in science. She changed science forever, but she really changed woman rights and the expectations of woman today. She was a strong woman scientist that changed the world forever. ***
Begin your day with a
Now half off at all ShoeM
By Perry Ellis
How did a traumatized adult get so high in technology at the age of 20 when he could worry about his real parents. Steve Jobs was adopted at birth by Paul Reinhold Jobs. He attended Monta Loma elementary, Homestead High school, and Reed College. He had seen his first computer at the age of 12. From there on he started to like computers. His best friend Steve Wozniak was a computer lover as well and wanted to be a computer designer.
much strain on his parents finances. But he stayed around as drop-in for another 18 months before quitting school for real. In his child hood he was partly traumatized for not having his real parents. He was gave up in adoption from his biological mother which was an unwed graduate student. So this means he was gave up in adoption twice. Steve Wozniak was Steve J. best friend and they had met in college. Starting a Career
Childhood Steve had attended four schools elementary, middle, high, and part of college. When Steve Jobs finished high school he went on to college and after six months in college he quit because it put too
Steve Jobs is presenting the iPhone 4s
computer
Steve was in love with computers and so was his best friend. Wozniak dream was to build a computer with Jobs. Steve W. would go to Steve J. garage and they would gather microchips, wires, and many computer related things. When they were in Steve dream was to build a with Jobs. Steve
W. would go to Steve J. garage and they would gather microchips, wires, and many computer related things. When they were in the garage they came up with a Blue Box and it was a phone and you can call nation. The next product the two sold was the Apple I. It was a kit for building a PC; one that the customer needed to add a monitor and keyboard to before they could do anything with them. After the blue box they made the apple 1. From there on they started the company Apple and in the first year they made around. End of life Jobs died on Oct.
Hour Made
5 from complications of pancreatic cancer. He had gone from 1976 to 2011 with Apple and made it win many awards and money. When Steve Jobs died he was surrounded by millions of people that admired him. Apple was worth an incredible 600$ billion dollars. At the end Jobs was an incredible inventor and designer. He had spent at least 30 years working in the company and he had made Apple one of the most recognized marks in the technology industry.
A WORLD WIDE WRITER By: Vivian Miller
Now famous for the global environmental movement through her books and writings. She changed how people felt about the environment through her books. Rachel Carson was an amazing, smart, educated women When Rachel was young she would explore her backyard, places like her neighborhood, streams, and forests, developing a great passion for nature. Rachel was the youngest of three children. She learned nature most from her mother, Maria Frazier McLean. The smart scientist named Rachel was born on May 27, 1907 in Springdale, Pennsylvania. Rachel grew up in a Pennsylvania farm which led her to
The Carson Family.
nature. When she was only 11 she published her first story in the St. Nicholas Magazine. Her titles for her
stories are: “A Young Hero” Message to the Front”, and Famous Sea Fight.”
“A “A
As Rachel got older, she attended school at a Pennsylvania College for woman (now called Chatham College.) Rachel received her Master’s Degree in the Pennsylvania College she attended at. After she graduated she held a summer study fellowship at the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, Massachusetts. She then entered John Hopkins University of Maryland and completed her Master’s in marine zoology. Rachel’s love of writing and biology earned her a part time position in with the U.S. Bureau of Fisher’s in 1935 as a temporary job where she wrote radio scripts on marine life. From 1936 to 1952 she became a full time employee of the Fish and Wildlife service moving to positions that further polished her skills as a writer and editor. Rachel was then writing a lot more than usual. She than became a famous and advanced
writer. Her favorite book and first was “Under the Sea Wind” which was published in 1941. “The Sea Around Us”, which was published in 1951. “The Sea Around Us” won the National Book Award, selling over 200,000 copies. Rachel’s most famous book is “Silent Spring” published in 1956. The book “Silent Spring” changed so much in our lives and it changed how people thought about global environmental movement, this book was documented about the dangers in pesticides and herbicides. It also showed the long lasting presence of toxic chemicals in water and on land and the presence of DDT. Rachel’s family mattered a lot more. In 1956 one of Rachel’s nieces died, and Rachel adopted her niece’s son. In 1958, her mother unfortunately died, leaving the son in Rachel’s sole care.
Rachel’s most famous book called “Silent Spring.”
Rachel never married. In April 14, 1964 Rachel died with breast cancer, in Silver Spade, Maryland. After fighting for a long time. Her interment is situated at Parklawn Memorial Park and Menorah Gardens in Rockville, Maryland. Rachel will be known for her talent, her books and her writings.
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OPENING THE GATES Written By: Dan Smith
Bill Gates attended Harvard University, one of the best (if not the best) schools in the country. But he found himself spending more time in the computer lab than actually studying law. He would wait until the last minute to study for finals, and barely pass with a passing grade. He and Paul Allen were reading an Electronics magazine when they saw the Altair 8800 Mini-Computer. They told the company that made it, MITS, that they could make software for it. MITS accepted the offer, but there was one problem. Bill and Paul did not have an Altair to work with. They both worked hard, one writing the software and one making a prototype similar to the Altair. When it became time to show MITS the software, it worked flawlessly. Bill Gates grew up in a loving upper-middle class family with 2 siblings. The environment made each child want to strive for excellence. Bill’s parents were strong believers in the public school system, but they decided to move Bill to a private school because he was extremely withdrawn and bored in regular classes. At this public school, he excelled in Math and Science, doing well at Drama and English as well. When he was in the 8th grade, a computer company gave the school a teletype terminal. This is how Bill first got into computers. He programmed a tic-tac-toe game where you could play against the computer. Bill First wrote software for a small computer company in Albuquerque, New Mexico. It worked flawlessly, however, people were buying it and redistributing it for free! Only about 10% of BASIC software users had actually paid for it. Bill Gates was angry at this, and he called it immoral and wrong. The owner of MITS eventually sold the company to become a doctor. Bill and Allen had to sue the new owner to retain software rights. Bill and Allen then made Microsoft. Microsoft wrote software in different formats for other computers. Gates moved Microsoft to Bellevue, Washington. With his business knowledge, gates put himself at the head of Microsoft. His company made 2.5 million dollars. In November of 1980, IBM was looking for a new software for their new computerThe PC. IBM looked to Gates to provide them with software. Bill didn’t have the basic operating system. He bought one, making Microsoft the full owner of it but not telling about the IBM deal. Bill Gates had to make the Bill Gates at an Xbox conference
new software work on the PC. He delivered it for a 50000 dollar fee. IBM wanted to buy the source code, which would’ve given information to the operating system. Gates refused, knowing that other companies would soon copy the PC (which they did). By 1983, Gates went global opening up offices in Britain and Japan. Gates software now had 30% of worldwide computers running on it. Bill Gates introduced Windows, which would show text and pictures, instead of code. This system would be much more user friendly, since it would be easier to use for newcomers. Microsoft went public, originally starting at 21 dollars a share. Bill owned 45% of the 24.7 million shares sold. It capped off at 90 dollars a share, making him a billionaire. Other companies saw him as a ruthless competitor, such as IBM. IBM ditched the MS-DOS operating system that Bill was using to make a better one. Rather than suck up to the pressure, He pushed on with Windows, making Microsoft Office. It had all the things you would need in an office, electronically. Bill’s new version of Windows sold 100,000 copies in its first two weeks. Bill Gates eventually stepped down as Microsoft’s chairman. His personal wealth capped off at 101 billion dollars. Bill Gates is still working on his company, and Windows. He will surely make more incredible things in the world of technology.
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THE LIGHNTING THEIF
In this world, are some of the greatest inventions ever created. Some are unknown. But some have some of the greatest advancements known to mankind. For instance, the car. It helped traveling get easier. Or the cell phone, it made communication easier. But today, we will be talking about the tesla coil. This lead to some major technical advancements. Without it cell phones probably wouldn’t work. With the help of this amazing invention, we can keep in contact using cell phones. The tesla coil is used in the largest telephone pole in the world. The one person who created this coil is Nikola Tesla. Personally he is my favorite scientist, but were getting off subject. Nikola tesla was born on July 10 1856 in Smiljan, Lika. He died January 7 in Manhattan, New York city. He had few educations that where actually helpful in his career. He attended Graz University of Technology (18751878) and gymnasium Karlovac (1870-1873). He had a couple of awards for a few of his inventions which I will speak of later, but he Had earned the Elliot Cresson medal, the IEEE Edison medal, john
Scott legacy medal and premium. The inventions he had come up with to earn these awards are pretty hefty ideas. Some people didn’t think he could manage half of them because They thought only a god
Nikola Tesla
could manage. But then he made the tesla coil, which changed everything. People started to believe, but he still had to push to earn the respect he deserved. Some more of his inventions where three based power, neon lamp, wireless telegraphy, alternating current, induction motor, the remote control, and finally, the tesla coil. HIS FAMILY: His family was pretty big, his father was the leader of the Orthodox Church he had a sister named Angelina Tesla, a brother named Dane Tesla, and two more sisters named Milka and Marca Tesla. HIS CHILDHOOD: Nikola went to a poly technic school, he wanted to start on mechanical and electrical engineering. He grew up in Smiljan Lika.
SMALL BIOGRAPHY: After Tesla finished his education, in 1882, he moved to France where he worked on electrical equipment. In 1884 he immigrated to the USA to work for Thomas Edison. In 1891 he became a official citizen of the USA.
Going Ape Crazy By Poppie Cole Who is Jane Goodall? From monster to gentle giant, Jane Goodall gave a new face to primates everywhere. Jane, scholar, primatologist, wife, mother, and still works hard to keep the wild life alive.
they became equals. The apes weren’t afraid –they saw her as a part of their family. Goodall knew these animals couldn’t be cold hearted. She had to show the rest of the world.
Opinion or Fact? Born in 1934, her dreams had begun young. At eight years old, Goodall wanted to go to Africa. As she aged, this dream morphed into a real goal. By the time she hit twenty-six, Jane was on her way to Gombe, Africa. She was on a four month adventure to study chimps at Stream Chimpanzee Reserve located on Lake Tanganyika. This was the onset of her life long journey.
Loving her wild experiences in Africa, Goodall devoted more and more time to the chimps, eventually spending fifty plus years studying them. Goodall believes the spot light should be on the chimps - it was never about her. She cared for the chips, not the attention and awards.
A Transformation People saw the chimps as a danger, a threat. Once she stopped treating the Chimps like a science project,
According to Marianne Schnall, a journalist who interviewed Goodall, Jane believes in studying the chimps, not hurting them. She feels we should have hope for the natural world, not try and wreck it. Goodall dreams and works for the day people stop poaching chimps, and disrupting the wild life to build.
What is happening to our apes? In the past twenty years the chimp population has decreased 20% due to poaching, diseases, and habitat destruction. Many chimpanzees are orphaned by murderous poachers, stuck in cages, or chained up pets. The apes are A poached Chimpanzee found in Gombe, subject to a mass decline to Africa. their species. In response, The Jane Goodall Institute was founded in 1977. She created a safe sanctuary
for the chimps. This institute is a global non-profit, that wants to save the apes, and educate the public.
Keeping Up With the Current Goodall couldn’t stop at just saving the apes, she has to show the public! Wanting to reach out to the children of the world Jane started “Roots and Shoots” in 1991. Starting out with only fifteen eager kids Roots and Shoots now has Shoots now has over 150,000 children, in 110 countries all over the world Roots and expand their the wild so older they
Goodall interacts with the Chimps.
Shoots wants to knowledge about when they are can break
boundaries of today’s world. Roots and Shoots aims to show kids the beauty and science of the wild, and how magical it can really be.
“Roots creep underground everywhere and make a firm foundation. Shoots seem very weak, but to reach the light, they can break open brick walls. Imagine that the brick walls are all the problems we have inflicted on our planet. Hundreds of thousands of Roots and Shoots, hundreds of thousands of young
people around the world, can break through these walls. We CAN change the world!”
Goodall Changed the World Goodall has accomplished a lot in her fifty plus years of work. She taught the human race that we may not be the only creatures capable of using tools. Lewis Leakey, Jane’s mentor, writes “We must now redefine man, redefine tool, or accept chimpanzees as human!” Goodall found social and mental traits that chimpanzees and humans share, proving that chimps aren’t as different as we first thought. Jane is finally doing what she has set out to accomplish, now verifying her hypothesis, primates are kind and loving animals. Goodall has done it, and chimps all over the world are on their way to a simple life. Jane Goodall is a world class scientist who fights for what she believes in. Without Jane life for the chimps wouldn’t be the same.
Still Going By Karsen Romero
Elizabeth H Blackburn was born on November 28, 1948. She does not have any younger brothers or sisters. She also does Not have any other siblings. Her family… (Her mom, Launceston, Tasmania as soon as Elizabeth turned four because of her father’s job. In Launceston, Elizabeth attended the broad land church house of English girl’s grammar school. Elizabeth started to grow older. As she grew older, she began to study Genetics and Molecular Biology. She loved studying that Looked at University of California, Berkley, etc. She decided to attend, The University of California. She then had to move across to San Francisco bay in 1990. Before that, she attended Berkley in 1981. That’s where she studied Molecular biology.
When she moved across the San Francisco bay to attend University of California. She studied genetics at the University of California. Elizabeth fell in love with genetics so much she studied it to become a teacher at a local college. During college, she wanted to teach at the schools she went to only.
Elizabeth started thinking about applying for the university of California, San Francisco schools, and Berkley. She moved
Father and she) moved to
subject. She studied it more and more. She eventually grew old enough to Move out on her own. She moved to a place in the United States. She began to look at good colleges, colleges with good genetic and Molecular Biology programs/ classes. Elizabeth to the University of California towards the end of sophomore year in college.
After she was done with college, she started to teach at Berkley, then she moved to University of California, so she was all over California sense her freshman year in the united states. Elizabeth had been such an inspiration to some students most of the students she has taught, want to be exactly like her. Elizabeth has won many, many,, many awards. She has won over 38 awards sense she graduated college. Elizabeth is married to her husband named John. Elizabeth is still going on winning award, after award, after award. Elizabeth has won the NAS award in Molecular biology. ( 1990 ) The Harvey award ( 1999 ) Dickson prize (2000 ) Heineken Prize, Lasker award , Elizabeth is happily living in San
francisco,california With her husband and trying to raise her only son .`Her son is in his
mid 20s and is living on his own while his parents are living happily together.
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The Merchant of Death By. Ester Luttrel
On December 21, 1833, a boy named Alfred Nobel was born in a little house in Stockholm, Sweden. He was raised poor, not knowing one day he’d be one of the wealthiest men in Europe. His father Immanuel was an inventor, but was lacking business skill. He eventually went bankrupt. Alfred’s mother, Andriette, was Alfred’s idol. Alfred had 3 other brothers Ludwig, Robert, and Emil. During Alfred’s life he hardly rested, despite being ill most of his life. One day this magnificent man would become an important inventor and a world figure.
The bachelor millionaire, was just 43, and was living the high life in Paris off his massive fortune. In private however, Nobel was uncomfortable with his looks. He was a man full of self-hatred. He didn't think he was worthy of a woman and he thought he was very ugly. Bertha, a destitute Austrian countess 10 years his junior, only worked for him for a week before suddenly rushing back to
marry him. But their strong friendship lasted until Alfred died in 1896.
During Alfred’s childhood he was poor and couldn't get a good education. Alfred was most interested in literature, chemistry, and physics. His father wanted his son’s to follow in his footsteps and was not pleased with Alfred’s interest in poetry. He decided to send the young man abroad to study and become a chemical engineer. After the Crimean War Alfred’s dad Immanuel’s business went bankrupt. Everything was horrible until moving to St. Petersburg in 1837. After some time his business started doing well and he could now have the rest of the family join him. The Nobel brothers than had private tutors the rest of their lives. By the age 17 Alfred could read and write fluently in 6 different languages. Later he met a young Italian chemist, Ascanio Sobrero, who invented nitroglycerin, a highly explosive liquid.
Alfred became very interested in this liquid. Alfred found that mixing nitroglycerin with fine sand called kieselguhr would turn the liquid into paste, which could be shaped into rods. These rods could later be inserted into drilling holes. In 1866 Alfred got a patent for the invention he called dynamite. He got the name “The Merchant of Death� because of all the accidents dynamite caused. There were many killed, one being Emil, Alfred’s younger brother.
It took Alfred several years to write his final will, which was dated November 27, 1895. In his will he left 31 million dollars to fund the Nobel Prizes (which is about 265 million dollars today. The
first prize was awarded in 1901. Since then the Nobel Prize has been honoring men and women from all over the globe for wonderful achievements. On December 10, 1896, this great man died of a stroke in Sanremo, Italy. The first person ever to win the Nobel Prize was Marie Curie. She won the prize in physics, and was the first women ever to win the prize. You could win the prize for: physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, peace, and economic sciences. There has been a total of 889 Nobel Prizes given out, 49 have gone to women, 2 have been declined and the youngest person ever to win a Nobel Prize was 17.
The Nobel Prize
By: Savannah Maria Nematodes? Those may be pretty gross to others, although, studying this invertebrate is what Sydney Brenner is known for.
Sydney
Brenner had researched developmental biology. With all of his studying time, he made those “nasty” nematodes into a model
organism.
What’s
a
“model
organism?” you might ask. A model
Caenorhabditis elegand
organism is a non-human species that is
1961, Sydney and Francis H. Crick
studied to research human diseases when
confirmed their theory on the structure of
human experimentation shouldn’t be ready
the genetic code. This genetic code was the
to be used. So honestly, I think those
non-overlapping three genetic code. Sydney
nematodes are pretty important knowing
Brenner studied bacterial genetics, so with
that Sydney Brenner is known for this. He is
that knowledge, this was a big discovery.
known for this also because he got a Noble
The three genetic code was not just for
Prize in 2002. Himself, H. Robert Horvitz
human genes, the key was also for model
and John Sulston won that award for
organisms. The genetic code is very
regarding
important especially if you are studying
gene
regulation
of
organ
development and programed cell death or
model organism.
known as apoptosis. Sydney Brenner and his associate discovered messenger RNA in 1961. Within
Sydney Brenner was a very intelligent child and is an intelligent scientist today! Sydney was born in in
Germiston, South Africa on January 13, 1927. He would start to read once he was at the age of four. He then attended fourth grade at the age of six. Once he was 15, he was enrolled at Witwatersrand in South Africa, with a scholarship. During the young years of Sydney’s life, he loved to experiment many things, especially once he This is the three non-overlapping genetic code that Sydney Benner and Francis Crick discovered and created.
was in grade school. Although, Sydney Brenner was a very curious child. Sydney Brenner was interested as a child, in chemistry and favored to try things with test tubes and other glass wear to perform chemical experiments. He would perform small experiments by taking chemicals that was in medicine. Sydney Brenner’s field of study is biology. During 1942, he studied a lot of physics, chemistry, Botany, and zoology. Sydney Brenner graduated from
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