Journal of energy, environment & carbon credits (vol4, issue1) by STM Journals Publication

Journal of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits (JoEECC)

eISSN: 2249 - 8621

Jan - April 2014

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Swaminathan GS Divisional Manager, QHSE Brakes India Limited, Foundry Sholinghur631102 Vellore , India.

Adel Mellit Jijel University, Algeria.

Professor Nour T Abdel-Ghani Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University,Giza, Egypt.

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Prof Victor Aleksander Mazur Odessa State Academy of Refrigeration, Ukraine.

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Rakesh Bhutiani Gurukula Kangri University, India.

Dr. Abhijit Mitra Department of Marine Science University of Calcutta India.

Dr. A. Jagadeesh Director, Nayudamma Centre for Development Alternatives Nellore Andhra Pradesh India.

Dr. Umesh Chandra Kulshrestha Professor, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi India.

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STM JOURNALS

I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the [Volume 4 Issue (1)] of Journal of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits (JoEECC). The intension of JoEECC is to create an atmosphere that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits. The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. JoEECC provides an outlet for Research findings and reviews in areas Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits found to be relevant for National and International recent developments & research initiative. The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and research in the domain of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits. Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring writeups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality Research/Reviews findings for our customers base. I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

Dr. Archana Mehrotra Director STM Journals

Journal of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits

Contents

1. Environmental Awareness among the Madrasa Students of Tangail, Bangladesh Md. Azharul Haque Chowdhury, Shamim Al Mamun

2. Loss of Carbon Credit through Radical Change in Land Use Pattern Abhijit Mitra, Tanmay Ray Chaudhuri, Ankita Mitra, Sufia Zaman

3. Methodology for Estimation of Direct and Indirect Carbon Footprint of Cement Industry Himani Maheshwari, Kamal Jain, Ajay Gairola

4. Techno-economical Analysis of Biodiesel Production using Castor Oil: An Indian Approach Nimish Newatia, Anil Chawla, Satyam Prasad, Himanshu H. Choksi

Journal of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits ISSN: 2249-8621 Volume 4, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

Environmental Awareness among the Madrasa Students of Tangail, Bangladesh Md. Azharul Haque Chowdhury*, Shamim Al Mamun Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh

Abstract The purpose of the study was to know the environmental awareness of Madrasa students in Tangail District during January to June 2013. Three hundred and eighty six students were selected through the purposive sampling technique from nine Madrasa of Tangail District, Bangladesh. The selected students were male and all of them were Muslims. The students were asked questions to evaluate their knowledge regarding environmental issues, their activities with the environment, their opinion to solve the different environmental problems etc. The findings revealed that, majority of the students have general concept about environment (81.9%), pollution (85.8%), green house effects (88.3%), climate change (72.0%), global warming (64.2%), effects of pollution (43.8%) and waste management (81.6%) which are very good. The respondents who read daily newspaper (74.5%) know about global warming. The respondents within 10â&#x20AC;&#x201C;19 years (81.93%) properly manage their wastes (used paper and wastes). They have average idea about pollution, impact of environmental pollution, green house gases, global warming and climate change. Marital status, monthly income, contribution in the family income, study group and family member had no effects on environmental awareness.

Keywords: Madrasa students, Green house gases, Global warming, Climate change

Journal of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits ISSN: 2249-8621 Volume 4, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

Loss of Carbon Credit through Radical Change in Land Use Pattern Abhijit Mitra1*, Tanmay Ray Chaudhuri2, Ankita Mitra3, Sufia Zaman1 1

Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, 35, B. C. Road, Kolkata, India 2 Department of Forest and Environmental Science, Techno India University, Salt Lake Campus, Kolkata, India 3 Department of Environmental Science, Asutosh College, Kolkata, India

Abstract Coastal vegetations comprise the blue carbon community of the planet Earth. The community is known for its carbon sequestering potential since long evolutionary period of time. However, rapid industrialization and urbanization have changed the landscape and land use pattern in the coastal zone that has significantly hampered the carbon storage potential of coastal producer community. It is thus a challenge of the era to restore the situation, and earn carbon credit with the primary aim to stabilize the green house gas reservoir in the atmosphere. The present article is an approach towards this direction supported with few case studies and information.

Keywords: Blue carbon, Carbon sequestration, Carbon credit, Land use change

Journal of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits ISSN: 2249-8621 Volume 4, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

Methodology for Estimation of Direct and Indirect Carbon Footprint of Cement Industry Himani Maheshwari1*, Kamal Jain2, Ajay Gairola1 1

Centre of Excellence in Disaster Mitigation & Management, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India 2 Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India

Abstract The present study describes the methodology to estimate direct and indirect carbon footprint of cement industry using Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Major construction element produced in almost all countries is cement and cement manufacturing process is an energy and carbon intensive process. Cement industry contributes about five percent of global anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. Upto till date, indirect carbon footprint and fewer direct carbon footprint of cement industry is not yet done. Our study covers older methods along with which carbon footprint of cement industry are not done by anyone. Major input includes emission factor, energy, clinker data and methodology references from IPCC. Our approach for estimation produce better results with limitation of ignoring minor parameters like fuel used to transport the fuels etc. Carbon footprint is the sum of direct carbon footprint and indirect carbon footprint where indirect carbon footprint was not included in previous studies.

Keywords: DCF, IDCF, cement, GHG, IPCC Guidelines *Author for Correspondence E-mail: maheshwari.himani1@gmail.com

Journal of Energy, Environment & Carbon Credits ISSN: 2249-8621 Volume 4, Issue 1 www.stmjournals.com

Techno-economical Analysis of Biodiesel Production using Castor Oil: An Indian Approach Nimish Newatia1, Anil Chawla1, Satyam Prasad1, Himanshu H. Choksi2* 1

Student, School of Petroleum Technology, PDPU, Gandhinagar, India 2 Faculty, School of Technology, PDPU, Gandhinagar, India

Abstract Biodiesel is an alternative biodegradable and nontoxic fuel, which is essentially free of sulphur and aromatics. It is usually produced by a trans-esterification reaction of vegetable or waste oil with a low molecular weight alcohol, such as ethanol and methanol. Industrially, the most common method for biodiesel production is a basic homogeneous reaction. Hence, this work presents the trans-esterification of castor oil with methanol in the presence of sodium-methoxide as catalyst. This paper represents the method of producing bio-diesel using castor oil and opportunity for India to become world leader in bio-diesel production using it. This paper will also try analyses various production available for preparation of bio-diesel and it also compares the test results produced from the various catalysts and the methods used for the production of biodiesel from various sources, various catalysts and the methods available for the production of the bio-diesel. It also discusses the drawbacks available in the current processes available, and provides the technological solutions available for the same. As India is worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s largest producer of Castor oil. It also analysis the FFA levels of castor oil, and the reason why it could help India and provide opportunity to grow as a big biodiesel market by analyzing the economic aspect of production of bio-diesel using the castor oil in commercial scale in India.

Keywords: Bio-Diesel, Homogeneous Catalyst, Castor Oil, India, TechnoEconomical *Author for Correspondence E-mail: himanshu.C@sot.pdpu.ac.in